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Discrete Series … GM= ….. . the value that occurs the maximum
1 number of times
∑
Logarithm of G for a set of
∑ observations is the AM of the
logarithm of the observations; i.e.
∑ log
log
∑ log
.
Frequency
Distribution … .
GM= ….. X
… ∑ 2
where,
= LCB of the modal class. i.e. the
class containing mode.
= frequency of the modal class
= frequency of the pre – modal
class
= frequency of the post modal class
C = class length of the modal class
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if z = x/y then
GM of z =(GM of x)/(GM of y)
Weighted Mean -
Weighted A.M
∑ . ∑
∑ ∑ log .
∑
∑
Combined Mean - -
. .
Relation among For Given two positive numbers (A.M) x (H.M) = (G.M)2
Averages
AM GM HM The equality sign occurs, as we have already seen, when all the observations are equal.
Discrete Series 1
/Unclassified Data Median Size of Q1 quartile is given by the the D1 Decile is given by the the P1 Percentile is given by
2
1 value 1 value the 1 value
Group Frequency . .
Distribution 2 . X X
X X
= lower class boundary of = lower class boundary of
= lower class boundary of the = lower class boundary of the the Decile class i.e. the class the Percentile class i.e. the
median class i.e. the class Quartile class i.e. the class containing Decile. class containing Percentile.
containing median. containing Quartile. N = total frequency. N = total frequency.
N = total frequency. N = total frequency. p= , , , … . , for D1, D2 p= , , ,…, for P1,
= less than cumulative frequency p= , , for Q1, Q2 ,Q3 ,D3 ,…., D9 respectively P2 ,P3,…, P99 respectively
corresponding to l1. (Pre median respectively = less than cumulative = less than cumulative
class) = less than cumulative frequency corresponding to frequency corresponding to
= less than cumulative frequency frequency corresponding to l1. . (Pre Decile class) l1 . (Pre Percentile class)
corresponding to l2. (Post median (Pre Quartile class) = less than cumulative = less than cumulative
class) = less than cumulative frequency corresponding to frequency corresponding to
= being the upper class boundary frequency corresponding to l2. . (Post Decile class) . (Post Percentile class)
of the median class. (Post Quartile class) = being the upper class = being the upper class
C = - = length of the median = being the upper class boundary of the Decile boundary of the Percentile
class. boundary of the Quartile class. class. class.
C = - = length of the Quartile C = - = length of the C = - = length of the
yme = a + b xme class. Decile class. Percentile class.
∑ is minimum if we choose A
as the median.
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∑x
σ X
n
Standard Deviation for Two numbers,
| |
Combined Standard Deviation, σ12=
Standard Deviation for First n Natural
Where d1= , d2=
numbers ,
QUARTILE DEVIATION
(Qd) Qd= Co-efficient of Q.D = 100
Or
.
Co-efficient of Q.D = 100
CORRELATION
& 6∑
1
1
Where,
∑ where c is concurrent deviation,
&
∑
For tied ranking,
m is one less than number of pairs of
6 ∑ ∑
12 observations
∑ X ∑ 1
1
∑ ∑ ∑
∑ ∑ ∑ ∑
where
| || |
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x b x y b y
Regression Co , ,
b b
efficient
b b
∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑
b b
∑ ∑ ∑ ∑
b b
where
1
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Poisson Trials are independent X ∼ P (m) μ=m σ2=m If m is Integer Mode,μ0 =m-1 e = 2.71828
Distribution and probability of .
occurrence is very small P(X = x) = If m is non- integer Mode,μ0
in given time. !
= Highest Integer in m
For x = 0,1,2,..,n
Quartile
Deviation=0.675σ
Point of Inflexion
x=μ - σ and x=μ + σ