Formula sheetofstates of Matter

sudhans hu sir
By
Intermolecular
states
=>
ofmatter can be
defined by ->

forces
->
Thermal
energy
ihermal
state-IMF)
=>

energy
IMF thermal energy
⑳State -

wheres thermal energy

=>
IMF
keeps molecules
the together

keeps
molecule
the apart.
ionic Bond
the and covalentBand.
IMF
=>
does notinclude

interaction, weak vanderwal force.

It includes dipole-dipole
thermal energy
->
a Temperature(in Kelvin scale)
properties
=>

- ofGases neither
definite shape nor
definite
vole.
↳undergo
↳ IMF
↳underso
expansion and
compression.
is low
very
diffusion (intermixing) ofgame.

meters
=>
ofGas-D mass -g
(

I
② ofmoles-given
no.
mass

③ volume (V) -
( in)
of gave molar mass

it
-

m3 =

n no.
of particles
=

-
⑭
ity(d)=me n
NA
ainer volume
=

S. Imit
kg/m3
=
-

indarvolume
CaS mit 8/cm3
=
 I lite 1000m)
=

10
=
m 1dm =

1g/cm3 10
=

kg/m3
- 5 273K (0°)
Prebure
=

IP - Standard temps and ->

p I
=

baw

-
- 298k(25)
-

TP - standard Ambient temp and Pressure

-
=1baz
-> p

Molar volume of gas atSTP=22071

24.781 24.81
of
or
Molar volume at
S ATP
gas
=

Molar volume 22041

of gas at 273K and latm =

-widt number - no ofmolecals presentin 1 ml

of gas
↳ 2.688x1019 molecules/mI
⑤
we prere=ater/mmrg/tore/ mg re
mit
S.I
of P Pascal
=
or N mit

latm 760 mm
of Hg =76 cm
of Hg 760 for
=
=

1013
=

baw =
1.013x105 Pascals 1.013x10Nmt
=

1bar = 0.987 atm 105Pascal=10 Nm

=

pressure is measured
by Manometer/Baromete
=>

⑥ mperature
an
↳
inasale Pors
Kelvin scale
(K)
[
=>
C) 32
+
= Temp in (is) I Temb in (1)
°c +
273 k
=
in
* [c) (DT) in
=
Gelaws
#

① Bylaw Temp, - and mass

/ noof moles of gas-constant
then
PCI aetant= K.

V
p

↳
Graphs atconstanttemp

·E P,V, PzVz
=
↓
is otherm

I
PV k
=

logp logv log

=

it
+
a

logp logk -log

=

logP *

scope
=

P or V
-
log v
 Xk

S
P
I
= kx
=

t logP ->
slope =

log i
logk
+

Pdv + vdp k
"Interpretation
=

I
of

b
a
Boyle's law

density
↑
a

P
-
constant
-

d
P or d
B
wApplications Nea level
-

very dense
-

L Altitude sickness
↳
Pressure high, density high

② Charle's Raw
-> Pressure and no.
of moles/mas:
constant,
then
V & T(ink)
A

WKT
M

↳ El
V

Eanstant

rat
=
*
Constant

↑(ink)
N

atConstant P Isobars.
graphs
=

"T
 v kT =
* k
=
logv logK +
l0g T
I logK
=

logu
+
log
=

N
log [ForT))

I
logv logk
= -

1
slope
-> =

logu &

L
BlogK log
V
⑪

slube-
↑

log I
logK
v kT
=

cius
scall log (or T-
du kdT
=

(V= V Yt
I
m
=
+

273

where VE tic
W at
=
t = temp in[c)

Vo vot
= -
atO c
 rations
A charle'slaw
of

·
-> air
Hot balloon

-> balloons usedfor metrological

purpose.

T(in°2)

Amanton's law Wand

- or mass ofgas
③ Gay-lussac's
law or
constant
then
zin
Pat Kevin)
p
I
E ↳ onstant
P

inc
. lo = constant
*

logK
+
logT Px constant
I
=

- logp logk -1081

↳
=

=
->
slope
logP

Graphs atconstant
ylog1
isochore.
volume
rop
or
P kT
=

-"g(=w+Y

I
scale
(), t Pt Po =
+ It
273
where
PI Prebure atIc
=

To Pressure at02
=
n
273

273)
(
Constant
=

at
⑭ Avagadio's
-
law -

L I equal
ofhave
↓ equal not
equal mols &

molecules.
Another
-
interpretation gases
(molon man of gas a
density) atconstant
equation
#

ERT where R unirexal gas constant

=

- 2

P Nm

8.3145kma'
=

or
L R =

Pascal

3
I ..
(n
P PV
=
-- -v m3
=

RT
R 0.0821

'mo=P=
l-atm ahm
=

-v b =

R
0.083) l-bark" ma=
=

bar

uP= -v l =

R 2 =

calmal" k-P
dyne m
=

-v
density ofgas
(d= 3 density(PCI } em3
=
-

AdRT
E high high
3
A ep: RT 10w
=

density low - P l ow
= RT=high
density
of gas-diat
TPP same
-

witters
of lightestgas atsam **
density
man
v.D
of gas
=

agesequation.
ideal
Applying equation P,(P2P3

e is
-
gas on

a
Pl

T3

W
 Prescre
#R
wwof partial -> applicable for non-

reactive mixture.
gaseous

Practive PA =

At A Ptotal
=

Hi Ptotal
PB
=
MBRI
=

Ptotal PA+ PB (4A

=
=

B)
+

(Pressure a molefraction
at
constant in the
mixture)
a
# law
ofDiffusion/effusion
rate
of diffusion/effusion diffused/effused (E)
-

=
time taken
E effect
diffused
-gas (E)
by say (E)
d
waveled i
=
 Grate causing
to
according graham's law

3
-

Constant -
-

at Molar
ma

(M)

===
at constant
only, rate 1 x 1
& n

if
-I
no.
of moles given,

=
5 I =

v
# Molarmass
ofmixture
M2N2= M,x,+Mac e
=

where M, RM2 are molar mass ofI respectively.

n, 22 are no
ofmoles ofD* respectively.
2, U2 one mole traction ofD&D respectively.
Differenttypes of
=
velocities of
gas molecules

peable
velocity (mp) = =

Stravagerdocity(war)went the -
Ump :Var:Vans v2
=

:
:

=1: 1,128: 1.224

um
-

Var> Vmp.
Maxwell.
In
#
theory ofgases postulates by
->

3
of gas molecules negligible
↳
not

↳L
-

IMF
b/w gas molecule negligible.
=

molecules motion -
random a
straight line
collisions blu
gas molecules perfectly -

elastic
of gravity on
gas molecula:
negligible.
Pressure ofgas- due collisions
to
the
with

kinetic walls ofcontainer.

energy & Temp. (in Kelving

T for a mole, K. E
n(ERT)
=
arg. K.E per molecule
=IT
=

4 where K Boltzmann
=

constant
nu2 13x,83
Y y
k
PV
I
= =

L ↓ Vans

-
Presue
volume collision
2
molar

frequency
man

VERT
=

See I3
maasl
a Rce
- molecules.
gas

in =
velocity
dec

↳
graph narrower.

for
wait M
Analysis
#
Gases
- -

--
Ideal
Regens

I
- a
->
PV nRT
=
-
PV nRT

-
IMF 0
=
->
fo
IMF

Vgas
->
molecules molecule fo
vgas
0
=
->

-
Gas molecules as -> Gas molecules as spher
points
=>
Pressure correction
-
- due IMF,
to PrealPideal

2 Pideal=Preal t

⑭I peru correction tenen

internal preme of gas

 where
:Vanderwaal gas constant
3 unitoa =

↳ atme2
represent IMF. mot

94 ↑
IMF ear 4 or

of liquefaction atm dm mot

correction consideration
due to
=>
ofsize of gas molecula
-

volume for real gan not

=

of container -
excluded volume
-

cardume
Veal=Vcontainer-nb
emot
0
3 gb
when by
vanderwaal constant unit =

Gravey
↳represent size
of gas molecule

molecules
b 4
=
time we. o Imo sae

ux(yax3)xNA
=>
qualia/andemical
equati o n at R
=ideal gas

L
=Real gas
P
for I mole, V Vm=molar volume
=

(P y) (um b) r5
+
=
-

V
Factor
Compressibility
[we
=>
(2)= =
-

MRT

For
gas, 2=1 as URT
PV=

For real
gas as PVFRT
② -
- [Vm/real) (Um) ideal -22. Ul
-

↓ ↳ difficult
Repulsive force dominant

compress
to

-
&

⑭ -
(alrea(Vm)ideal 2
- 21

↳
=

attractive force dominant

to
easy compress.

depth in
graph of2 Intermolecular force
=>
- P
attraction.
of
high +2
Ya
At
very 1+
=

w
a

me Yau N
2 1
=
=
-
Ente, 2=
1+
b) as a 0 =

- Real
gas behaves as ideal
gas at
High
Ex3
atwhich real gas behaves
-
Bogle's temp. (TB) =
Temp.
as an ideal gas.

- Invension Temp (ti)

2 2(B)
=

- Max. deviation ofRed gas from ideal gas behaviour occurs

when
LP=high and
Temp 10w)
=
#mation
ofGames -Pc)
Gas liquid
c
↓ temp 27Rb
-
TCTc
Temp, below which a
gas existas liquid
re
penme
↓

Prebne
b
above which a
gas exist as liquid
↳alume
n
b

↳
- a4 T,4easier will be liquefaction of
- -> atcritical
- point-density) gas:(density)
genen.

↳ no liquid
boundary
⑮By Ta
blw gas a
liquid
 Pduy
Aqueous tension:
Privist air
#
air.
-

I
KoYNoH
#
absubs
CO2/U2 gas
Pyragallal solution absorbs O2 gas

Terpentine oil absorbs

Os gas
V.P
#state -
surface tension
↳
viscosity
①enae= Been he exerted
by vapours ofliquid.
↳depends as up temp.
pti
a
B.
en
of liquid-temp, atwhich E liquid
rep of-Pextema or

Y
sad.pte
Patmosphere
⑫
L↳
Namal NB.
pt,
when

when
vop=I bar

V.P=latm.
-100
B. pt
<namal B.pt)
standard B.pt=99.62 (Standard B. pt

repeatan
with
up
van

rap.prenue
e
unc
I temp,
at
↑2
2.303R 24,

respectively
=> = liquid increase
mup
of
mentially
⑳tension Force
acting
surface
per
particles of
unit

a
length the
liquid.
-> due to sit, surface stretched membrane
molecules forms an

reduce surface
to
ava

->
any liquid drop
is
spherical in
shape as
every liquid
drop minimise
tries to surface area due to surface Tensio
Sphere has minimum sort
in 3D.

-
Temp. 4 Surface tension, as kot
ofmolecule incre

③ osity- friction bow layers ofliquid when flow

they
↓l each other.

⑱panel asite
C Ara IMFC

is a
de