10

Science
Quarter 4 – Module 2:
Biomolecules
Science – Grade 10
Quarter 4 – Module 2: Biomolecules
First Edition, 2021

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 10

Science
Quarter 4 – Module 2:
Biomolecules
Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to
use this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress
while allowing them to manage their own learning at home.
Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as
they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

As a learner, you must learn to become responsible of your own
learning. Take time to read, understand, and perform the different activities
in the module.
As you go through the different activities of this module be reminded of the
following:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part
of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the
exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer Let Us Try before moving on to the other
activities.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are done.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module,

do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind
that you are not alone. We hope that through this material, you will
experience meaningful learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant
competencies. You can do it!
 Let Us Learn!

A wonderful day to you brave and courageous learners! In this module, you
will recognize the major categories of biomolecules such as carbohydrates,
lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Specifically, you are expected to:

a.) Identify the major categories of biomolecules such as

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
b.) Differentiate the biomolecules from each other in terms of their
structure and function.

Let Us Try!

Choose the best answer and write this on a separate paper.

1. Which of the following is NOT a major source of protein?

a. fish b. milk c. egg d. rice

2. Which of the following contains the most lipids?

a. banana b. champorado c. olive oil d. cheese

3. Which pair is an example of protein and its function?

a. enzymes: speed up reactions in the body and eventually used up in
the process.
b. collagen:provides strength and flexibility to connective tissues.
c. actin and myosin: supplies amino acids to baby mammals.
d. hemoglobin: helps regulate blood sugar levels.

4. What is the correct pair in the following examples?

a. glucose: disaccharide c. sucrose: monosaccharide
b. maltose: polysaccharide d. triglyceride: polysaccharide

5. What biomolecule provides energy and are very soluble in water?

a. monosaccharide c. disaccharide
b. polysaccharide d. protein

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 Let Us Study!

The following discussions will give you a clearer avenue to understand the
major categories of bio molecules.
CARBOHYDRATES
Carbohydrates are the major source of energy for the body. These are simple
sugar, starch, and cellulose. All carbohydrates are made only of 3 Elements: carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen. It is typical of a carbohydrate that it contains twice as many
hydrogen atoms as oxygen atoms.

They may be classified into the following:

Monosaccharides

The word monosaccharide is derived from the prefix “mono” which means
one, and saccharide meaning “sugar”. Monosaccharide is the simplest sugar and the
basic subunit of a carbohydrate. These compounds are white solids at room
temperature. Because they have polar, hydroxyl (-OH) groups in their molecular
structures, they are very soluble in water. Each simple sugar has a cyclic structure and
is composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The most common monosaccharides
are glucose (also called dextrose), galactose and fructose.

Carbohydrates Structures: Common Monosaccharides in food

Fructose Glucose Galactose

Source: https://www.sparknotes.com/health/carbohydrates/section1/
Figure 1. Structure of Fructose, Glucose and Galactose

As figure 1 shows, glucose in water solution forms a ring made up of

five-carbon atoms and one-oxygen atom, and fructose in a water solution
forms a ring made up of four-carbon atoms and one-oxygen atom. Both
compounds have five-OH groups in their structures. Glucose and fructose
have the same molecular formula (C6H12O6), Fructose is known as the fruit

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sugar as its make source in the diet is fruits and vegetables. Galactose is
nearly identical to glucose in structure except for one hydroxyl group on
carbon atom number four of the six-sided sugar.

Glucose is the main sugar metabolized by the body for energy. Galactose
is not normally found in nature in large quantities; however, it combines with
glucose to form lactose in milk. After being absorbed by the body, galactose is
converted into glucose by the liver so that it can be used to provide energy for
the body. Both galactose and glucose are very stable in solution because they
can adopt chair and boat conformations.

Compounds with the same molecular formulas are called isomers.

Glucose and fructose are isomers. Though they have the same molecular
formula, these sugars cannot be used in the same way by cells in the body
because they have different structure thus, they have different function in our
cell. The arrangement of the C, H, and O atoms determines the shape and
properties of each sugar.

Carbohydrates (starches and sugars) are broken down into

monosaccharide glucose which is used to supply energy for the cells to
perform various activities, the extra glucose is stored in the liver as glycogen
for later use.(Healthwise Staff, 2020).

Excess glucose gets stored into the liver as glycogen and with the help
of “insulin” it will be converted into fatty acids, which will be circulated to
other parts of the body and stored as fat in adipose tissue. When there is an
overabundance of fatty acids, fat also builds up in the liver also known as
“fatty liver” which is bad for our health. (news.berkeley.edu, 2012)

Fructose, or “fruit sugar” is present in fruits like grapes, apple or atis,

fruit juices, certain vegetables, and honey. It is considered as the sweetest
naturally occurring sugar, due to its sweetness, fructose is sometimes used
as a low-calorie sweetener. (www.medicalnewstoday.com)

Process Question:
Q1. What happens when there is an excess glucose?
Ans. __________________________________________________ .

Disaccharides
Also called as “double sugar”, any substance that is composed of two
molecules of simple sugars (monosaccharides) linked to each other is a disaccharide.
Disaccharide is a crystalline water-soluble compound. The monosaccharides within
them are linked by a glycosidic linkage. (Britannica.com/science). Example of a

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disaccharide is the sugar we use to sweeten our coffee. It is also called “sucrose” with
the molecular formula C12H22O11.

The formation and breakdown of sucrose to glucose involves two reactions.

Condensation reaction occurs when two molecules join together to form a larger
molecule and release a smaller molecule in the process. During the condensation of
monosaccharides to form disaccharides; the smaller molecule is lost in the reaction
and it is often water. (biologydictionary.net, 2017).

Example: When two glucose molecules are combined, maltose is formed, and
water is lost during the process. “Maltose” also known as malto biose or malt sugar,
is a disaccharide formed from two glucose molecules joined with an ɑ bond.
Examples are wheat, cornmeal, and barley.

A Hydrolysis reaction is a reaction that uses water or with the addition of

water molecule to break the bond between monosaccharides or polymers into
monomers.

Sometimes when we go to sleep after drinking milk, we have this

bloated feeling along with a buildup of intestinal gas. This is because of another
important disaccharide - Lactose or milk sugar. Lactose is a sugar composed of
“galactose” and “glucose”. Enzyme “lactase” helps to digest the lactose needed to
break the bond between two monosaccharides. Some people become “Lactose-
intolerant”; this is when sugar (lactose) in milk and dairy products is not fully
digested. People who are lactose- intolerant cannot digest milk products because
they do not produce the enzyme “lactase” needed to break the bond between
glucose and galactose. Lactose molecules are known to be too large to be absorbed
by the circulatory system and thus, it continues through the digestive system and
are eventually broken down in the large intestines by bacteria. These bacteria will
digest the monosaccharide and, in the process, produce a carbon dioxide gas. As
a result, they may have bloated stomach, gas, and worse, diarrhea, after
consuming these products.

Source: Biology 2- Ecology Kim Zimmer

Spring 2014

Figure 2 shows that when two

monosaccharides join by
combination reaction, a
glycosidic bond will be formed
between the two
monosaccharide molecules.
The reaction produces water as
a side product.

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Polysaccharides

Polysaccharides (the prefix poly means many) or complex

carbohydrates. They are large molecules that are made up of many smaller
units that are joined. These foods turn blue-black in feces because they
contain starchy components. There are three common types of
polysaccharides namely - starch, glycogen, and cellulose. With the help
of salivary enzyme, amylase, the breakdown of food starches in the
digestive system b e g i n s a n d i s c o n v e r t e d i n t o into maltose- a
disaccharide. Glucose molecules separate from each other and from the
rest of the starch polymer. It can then be absorbed and used as a fuel by
the cells in our body. Usually, it takes time for glucose to separate from
polysaccharides, the release is gradual to the cells, because of this glucose
from starch reaches muscle cells over a period which provides energy when
needed to perform work. This is also the reason why athletes usually eat
food rich in carbohydrates along with their meals before an athletic event.

The major storage form of carbohydrates in plants are the“starch”.

Examples of food that contain starch are potatoes, noodles, rice,and pasta.
A starch molecule is a polysaccharide from the simple sugar glucose.
In humans and other animals, starch from plants is broken down into
its constituent sugar molecules, which then supply energy to the
tissues. Glycogen is another polysaccharide, a stored form of glucose,
made up of many connected glucose molecules. It is the readily available
energy, easily metabolized and are used during prolonged exercise or
activity. Cellulose is a polysaccharide, its basic structural components are
found in plant cell walls, like apple skin, wood, paper, cotton, legumes, peas
and cabbage.

https://www.toppr.com/guides/biology/biomolecules/polysaccharides/
Figure 3. Structure of Starch

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Process Questions:

Q2. What are the two types of polysaccharides that are made up of
starch?
_____________________________________________________________ .

Q3. Why do marathon runners eat a meal rich in carbohydrates the day before
the race?
Ans.
______________________________________________________________ .

LIPIDS

Foods rich in lipids

Lipids is another biomolecule that have a “job” of storing energy for

later use. They are also found in hormones and cell membrane components.
They have different structural types such as carboxylic acids or fatty acids,
triglycerides or neutral fats, steroids, and waxes, to name a few.
When you put oil and water together in a container, you may
observe that they do not mix. Oil and water do not mix because they do
not have the same polarity. Also, oils are composed primarily of long
hydrocarbon chains. They are formed reaction between an alcohol and one
or more long–chain carboxylic acids. The most abundant of the lipids are
the fats and oils, also called triglycerides.

Fats are either saturated or unsaturated fatty acids. Saturated fats

(no double bonds) are solids at room temperature. Examples are lard,
cheese, butter, cream, and cocoa butter. Unsaturated fats (at least one
double bond) are unsaturated hydrocarbons containing one or more
double bonds. Oils are liquids at room temperature and contain
unsaturated fatty acids. Most oils, such as vegetable oil, corn oil, and olive
oil are produced by plants. Fats has the highest concentration of calories in
our body. A diet rich with too much saturated fats is not good for the heart
because, it can lead to harmful low-density lipoproteins (LDL) Cholesterol
which cause blockages to form in arteries in the heart and elsewhere in
the body. However, we still need fats in our body, as a backup energy when
carbohydrates are not available. 6
 Another type of lipids composed of molecules which are fused rings of atom is
“steroids”. The most important steroid is “cholesterol”. Cholesterol is a waxy
substance found in your blood. Your body needs cholesterol to build healthy cells, but
high levels of cholesterol can increase your risk of heart disease because, high
cholesterol can develop fatty deposits in your blood. (www.mayoclinic.org)

Q4. How does excess fats/cholesterol affect the heart?

Ans. _________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________ .

LDL cholesterol level (Richardson, 2020)

https://blog.nebula.org/ldl-cholesterol-level-richardson-2020/
Figure 4. Structure of Cholesterol

Figure 4 shows the unique structure of cholesterol which

consists of four linked hydrocarbon rings forming the bulky steroid
structure. There is a hydrocarbon tail linked to one end of the steroid
and a hydroxyl group linked to the other end.

PROTEINS

Proteins is from the Greek word “proteios” which means primary. No

living cell is without protein, proteins perform most of the tasks the body
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needs to function such as, structural proteins (Keratin for the hair and nail),
storage proteins, contractile proteins (actin & myosin), transport proteins
(Hemoglobin in the blood) and defensive proteins (antibodies). Human bodies
have thousands of different protein structures w/ unique 3-dimensional
shapes. Proteins are made up of the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,
nitrogen, and sulfur. Examples of food rich in protein are egg white, fish,
meat, and cheese. Proteins are found in all living cells. “Amino acids” are the
building blocks of proteins.

There are 20 amino acids found in human protein, 11 can be

synthesized, 9 must be supplied by the foods we eat. These 9 amino acids are
called essential amino acids such as valine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine,
methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and last histidine - is only
essential for infants. Non-essential amino acids are alanine, asparagine, and
aspartate. Conditional amino acids are also non-essential including arginine,
glutamine, tyrosine, cysteine, glycine, proline, serine, and ornithine.

http://entrytest-preparation.blogspot.com/2014/01/amino-acids.html
Figure 5. Structure of amino acid

Figure 5 shows the structure of amino acids. Amino acids are

organic molecules that contain two functional groups: a basic NH2
amino group and an acidic- COOH carboxylic acid group.

Proteins perform varied functions in the body. How they perform their
functions depend on their composition and structures. The form and shape
each protein molecule take determines or dictates its function within the
organism. Proteins is the one which is responsible for observable traits
humans possess just like having a curly hair, blue eyes, dark skin, etc.

“Enzymes” is another type of protein; it acts as a catalyst to bring

about a specific biochemical reaction. Enzymes create chemical reactions in
the body. They speed up the rate of a chemical reaction to help support life.
(www.healthline.com). An example of enzyme is enzyme “lactase”, this enzyme

8
helps to digest lactose, a sugar found in glucose and galactose such as milk
and other dairy products. Lactase is produced by cells in the body that line
up the walls of the small intestines. The enzymes in our body help to perform
very important tasks including muscle build-up, destroying of toxins, and
breaking down food particles during digestion.

Process Question:
Q5. What is the role of enzyme in the human body?
Ans. _______________________________________________________ .

NUCLEIC ACIDS

Nucleic acids store and codes the expression of genetic information

and hereditary traits by controlling the production of protein in the human
body. Nucleic acids like proteins are long chain of polymers consisting of
simpler units or monomers. There are two kinds of nucleic acids: DNA, or
deoxyribonucleic acid; and RNA, or ribonucleic acid. DNA contains genetic
information which codes the sequences of amino acids in proteins while RNA
carries out the synthesis of proteins.

The monomers of nucleic acids are nucleotides. Nucleotides is made

up of three parts: a five-carbon sugar (pentose), a phosphate group, and a
ring-shaped base containing nitrogen.

In this model, the sphere represents a phosphate group, the pentagon

represents a five–carbon sugar (pentose) and the rectangle represents a
nitrogen-containing base.

Figure 6. Show a model of a nucleotide. (Source: Learners Manual)

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 Structure of a Double Helix DNA

Figure 7. A model of a double helix for DNA

(Source: Learners Manual)

The double-helix DNA is made up of two linear strands of polymerized

nucleotides which are bound about by each other. The two strands are held
together by hydrogen bonds that form between pairs of nucleotides. Adenine
(A) forms hydrogen bonds with a thymine (T) and Cytosine (C) forms hydrogen
bonds with a guanine (G).

Below is a summary of the differences between the two kinds of nucleic acids:
(http://www.diffen.com/difference/DNA_vs_RNA)

DNA RNA
Deoxyribonucleic Acid Ribonucleic Acid

Description It contains the genetic It is responsible for the

instruction used in the template in the synthesis of
development and proteins which in turn
functioning of all living control the operation &
organisms. function of the cell
Function Long-term storage and Transfer the genetic
transmission of genetic information for the creation of
information proteins from the nucleus to
the ribosomes
Sugar and Deoxyribose sugar Ribose sugar
Bases Phosphate backbone; Phosphate backbone;
Four Bases: adenine, Four Bases: adenine,
guanine, cytosine, and guanine, cytosine, and uracil
thymine
Pairing of A-T A-U (Adenine-Uracil)
Bases (Adenine-Thymine) G-C
G-C (Guanine-Cytosine)
(Guanine-Cytosine)

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 Let Us Practice!

Activity 1: “The Big Four”

A. Direction: Fill in the House of Biomolecules with the correct information

House of Biomolecules

Structure Name the Biomolecule Function

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 B. Choose from the words inside the box the best term that will complete
each sentence below.

RNA Polysaccharide Glucose

Lipids DNA Cholesterol
Enzymes Nucleic Acid Cellulose
Amino Acids Biomolecules Proteins

1. ____________contains the genetic instruction used in the

development and functioning of all living organisms.
2. Glycogen and starch are examples of ________________________.
3. A monosaccharide, a single sugar known also as
dextrose__________.
4. _________ is the main structural constituent of plants that gives
them shape and rigidity.
5. __________are oily, greasy materials which has the ability of storing
materials for later use.
6. The most common sterol in the body is ________.
7. _________ is the biological catalyst that accelerates chemical
reaction.
8. _________is an organic compound considered as the building blocks
of protein.
9. ________are the molecules that code for hereditary traits by
controlling the production of protein.
10. ____________ is responsible for the template in the synthesis of
protein which in turn control the operation and function of the cell.

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 Let Us Practice More
Activity 2: Graphic Organizer
Direction: Complete and show the group of biomolecules according to them
functions.
BIOMOLECULE
S

CARBOHYDRATES LIPIDS PROTEINS NUCLEIC ACIDS

Example:
definition/functions – Enzyme Amino DNA RNA
Monosac s acid
from the prefix “mono”
charides
which means one,
monosaccharide is the
TYPE OF ESSENTIAL NON-
Types of simplest sugar and theTypes:
Types: Types of Lipids: ENZYME/EX AMINO ESSENTIAL
Monosacch
basic1.subunit of a 1. 1. AMPLE/FUN ACIDS: AMINO
arides: 2. 2.
1. 3. carbohydrate. These 2. CTION. ACIDS:
3. 3.
2. compounds are white 3. 4.
solids at room
temperature. Because
CONDITIONAL
Examples they have polar, Examples
Examples
Examples:
AMINO
of food: 1.
of food: hydroxyl (-OH) groups
of food: 2.
ACIDS:
in their molecular 3.
structures, they are very 4.
5.
soluble in water.
SES
Compare and
Contrast
Function: Function: functions of DNA
Function: and RNA:

1
 Let Us Remember!

The four types of biomolecules are carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.

Carbohydrates are simple sugars (monosaccharides and disaccharides) complex

carbohydrates are (polysaccharides). Carbohydrates are the major source of energy in
the body. These are simple sugar, starch, and cellulose. All carbohydrates contain
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Lipids is another biomolecule that have the “job” of storing energy for later use. They
are also found in hormones and cell membrane components. They have different
structural types such as carboxylic acids or fatty acids, triglycerides or neutral fats,
steroids, and waxes, to name a few. Examples of lipids are vegetable oil, butter, whole
milk, cheese, lard, and some meats.

Proteins are made up of the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur.
Examples of food rich in protein are egg white, fish, meat, and cheese. Proteins are
found in all living cells. They are the second most common molecules found in the
human body (after water) and make up about 10% to 20% of the mass of a cell.
Whenever you eat protein-rich foods, your digestive system breaks the long protein
chains into simpler substances called amino acids. Amino acids are the building
blocks of proteins.

Nucleic Acids are molecules that codes for hereditary traits by controlling the
production of protein. Like proteins, nucleic acids are long chain of polymers
consisting of simpler units or monomers. There are two kinds of nucleic acids: DNA,
or deoxyribonucleic acid; and RNA, or ribonucleic acid.
 Let Us Assess
Read each question carefully. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following examples of lipids are the most abundant in

triglycerides?
a. fats and oils
b. lard and butter
c. margarine and soybean
d. peanut and olive

2. Which among the group are classified as monosaccharide?

a. Glycogen and fructose c. glucose and fructose
b. maltose and fructose d. sucrose, and maltose

3. Nutritional chemists have found that burning 1 gram of fat releases twice the
amount of heat energy as burning 1 gram of starch. Based on this information,
which type of biomolecule would cause a person to gain more weight?
a. carbohydrate c. protein
b. fat d. nucleic acid

4. Which of the following is the basic building block of protein?

a. amino acids c. DNA
b. enzymes d. glycerol

5. Which of the following is the major function of lipids?

1. Storage of genetic information
2. stored energy for later use
3. transport fat soluble nutrients

a. 1 only b. 2 only c. 3 only d. 2 & 3 only

6. Which of the following sugars are the components of sucrose?

a. glucose & galactose c. fructose & fructose
b. fructose and galactose d. glucose and fructose

7. In which organs glycogen are stored in the body?

a. liver and spleen c. liver and bile
b. liver and muscle d. liver and adipose tissue

8. What is the process that involves digesting a complex carbohydrate and

drinking with water and then, simple sugar is obtained?

a. Photosynthesis c. Hydrolysis
b. Condensation d. Dehydration
 9. What do you call this enzyme, necessary to help break the bond between
two monosaccharides when lactose is digested?
a. Maltose b. Lactase c. Galactose d. fructose

10.What do you call the process of combining 2 or more simple sugars, when
disaccharide is formed by combining two monosaccharides.
a. Hydrolysis c. Condensation
b. Peptide bonding d. Saccharide bonding

11. Which of the following elements belong to the component of carbohydrates?

a. helium b. argon c. carbon d. nitrogen

12. Which of the following biomolecules contain only the elements carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen?
a. carbohydrates and lipids c. proteins and nucleic acids
b. lipids and proteins d. nucleic acids and carbohydrates

13. Which of the following sugars are the components of lactose?

a. glucose & galactose c. glucose & fructose
b. fructose and galactose d. glucose and glucose

14. What are the building blocks of nucleic acid?

a. amino acid c. nucleotides
b. protein d. DNA and RNA

15. RNA and DNA have different sugar. What is the sugar in RNA and the sugar
in DNA?
a. deoxyribose, ribose c. ribose, phosphate
b. ribose, deoxyribose d. ribose, uracil

Let Us Enhance

Activity 3: “You Are What You Eat.”

Direction: You are task to cut out and paste any sample of nutritional label from the
food you consumed within the week and identify the calories per serving being
consumed.

1. Read the given situation and do the same in this activity by computing how
many servings you have eaten and the calories you consumed by eating this
food product.
 On the sample Nutrition Facts label, the serving
size of this food is 1 cup and there are 2 servings
in this container. There are 260 calories per
serving of this food. If you eat the entire
container of this product, you will eat 2 servings.
That means you double the calories (260 x 2= 520
calories) If you eat 2 servings, you will have
eaten over 500 calories.

Note: You can find this nutritional label at the

back of every sachet of a product.

Your output in this activity will be rated by your

teacher according to the following criteria.

Category Excellent (5pts) Good (4pts) Satisfactory Needs Score

(3pts) improvement
(1pt)
Content The information The information The The information
is well organized. is organized and information is confusing and
Questions are is good enough needs more plagiarized.
being answered. to understand or organization.
No confusion on captured the
the set of content. thought.

Labeling The label is The label is The label is No label at all.

accurate, complete and minimal.
complete, and properly cited
properly cited with no
with references. references.
Design The design is eye- The design is The design dull No design at all.
catching and well-made but and needs more
creative. The needs a more enhancement.
color scheme and uniformed with
diagrams are the label.
uniform and
neat.
TOTAL (15 pts.)
 Let Us Reflect

Closing Note for Relevance

Our journey to the world of carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids
gave us a clearer view of the importance of these biomolecules in for the
functioning of living organisms. No organisms exist without biomolecules
as they help in carrying out basic functions in the body. It is important for us
to understand the physiological function that regulates the proper growth
and development of our body. “You are what you eat “, eating balance diet
consist of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, water, vitamins, and minerals is a
great deal to determine the quality of life that we have.
Let Us Practice (Activity 1)
A.
1.Carbohydrates Provide energy for the body
2.Nucleic Acid Genetic information
3.Protein Helps repair and build body tissues
4. Lipids For energy storage
B.
1. DNA 2. Polysaccharide 3. Glucose 4. Cellulose 5. Lipids
6. Cholesterol 7. Enzymes 8. Amino Acid 9. Nucleic Acid 10. RNA
Process Questions:
Q1. Excess glucose gets stored into the liver. When there is an overabundance of fatty acids,
fat also builds up in the liver also known as “ fatty liver” which is bad for our health.
Q2. Amylose, which is a coiled or helical structure, and amylopectin, which is branched.
Q3. Eating carbohydrates before running will provide them a supply of glucose in their blood,
which will serve as extra fuel and give them additional energy.
Q4. It increases the risk for conditions that contribute to heart diseases such as high blood
pressure, high cholesterol, and diabetes.
Q5. Without enzymes, chemical reactions in the body may be too slow to occur at normal
condition and may affect the normal functioning of the different systems of the body.
Let Us Try Let Us Assess Let Us Assess
1. A 6. D 11. C
1. D 2. C 7. B 12. A
2. C 3. B 8. C 13. A
3. B 4. A 9. B 14. C
4. C 5. D 10. C 15. B
5. A
Answer Key
Let Us Practice More!
Let Us Enhance! Answer may vary. See rubrics for scoring.
BIOMOLECULES
CARBOHYDRATES LIPIDS PROTEINS NUCLEIC ACIDS
Example:
definition/functions – Enzyme Amino DNA RNA
Monosac acid
from the prefix
Disacch“mono” Polysacc
charides arides harides
which means one,
monosaccharide is the
LACTASE – ESSENTIAL 3 NON-
Types of Types:
simplest sugar and the Types: Types of Lipids: It’s role is to AMINO ESSENTI
Monosacch 1. Sucrose 1. carboxylic/fatty
basic subunit of a 1. Starch breakdown ACIDS: AL
arides: 2. Lactose 2. Glycogen
carbohydrate. acids, the sugar valine, AMINO
1. glucose 3.Maltose
These3. Cellulose
2. triglycerides, lactose into isoleucine, ACIDS:
2. fructose compounds are white
3. neutral fats, glucose and leucine,
2. Galactose solids at room alanine,
4. steroids galactose. lysine,
asparagi
temperature. Because methionine
phenyl - ne, and
they have polar, aspartat
alanine,
hydroxyl (-OH) groups threonine, e
Examples of Examples Examples: CONDITIONAL
inExamples
their molecular tryptophan
of food: food: milk, of food: AMINO ACIDS:
structures, fats, oil, lard, , histidine.
grapes, sugar, they are very potato, arginine,
butter, and
apple, soluble
wheat, in water. pasta, glutamine,
atis. barley peanut butter. tyrosine,
SES legumes.
cysteine, glycine,
proline, serine,
and ornithine.
Function: Function: Lipids
Function:
is another
Carbohydrates are Enzymes speed up
biomolecule that
the major source of have a “job” of biochemical DNA - It contains
energy for the body. storing energy for reactions without the genetic
later use. themselves being instruction used in
used up in the the development
and functioning of
process.
all living or gan.
RNA - It is
responsible for the
template in the
synthesis of
proteins which in
turn control the
operation &
function of the
cell.
 References

Department of Education-Instructional Materials Council Secretariat (DepEd IMCS).

(2015) Science-Grade 10 Learners Material, pp. 443 – 476. REX Book Store, Inc.
Department of Education-Instructional Materials Council Secretariat (DepEd IMCS).
(2015) Science-Grade 10 Teacher’s Guide, pp. 314 – 325. REX Book Store, Inc.

Biomolecules Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, & Nucleic Acids. Biology 2- Ecology

Kim Zimmer Spring, 2014.

biologydictionary.net/ Nov. 05, 2017.kidshealth.org

news.berkeley.edu/June 06, 2012.

https://www.toppr.com/guides/biology/biomolecules/polysaccharides/

https://blog.nebula.org/ldl-cholesterol-level-richardson-2020/

http://entrytest-preparation.blogspot.com/2014/01/amino-acids.html

www.uofmhealth.org/health-library. Author: Healthwise Staff, Aug. 31, 2020

www.medicalnewstoday.com

www.encyclopedia.com

www.healthline.com

www.mayoclinic.org
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