SCRIPT:

Chapter 1

ALTEA: Let us face the reality that everyone encounters some challenges with
regards to our academic performance and mental health in our school life. As a
matter of fact, it is those conflicts that keep teaching us a lesson, and thus we
must find solutions in order for us to keep up or to conquer those conflicts. The
thing that we need to answer is What really are the Factors that influence our
academic performance and mental health.
Good day everyone, I am Altea Simplicio and I'm going to discuss our research
together with my colleagues

Angel Gabriella Pineda, Christian Libalib, Patrick Jeffrey Mansibang, Mikylla

Alvarez, Nald Brian Bautista, and Alvira Del rosario.
Our research is entitled, Factors affecting students’ academic performance and
mental health of G12 Students in Bugtongnapulo INHS. In this study, we would
like to focus on the specific factors which are the effects of social media, and
financial status of the learners.

Let us now welcome Christian Libalib to present the INTRODUCTION.

CHRISTIAN: Individuals and society benefit from education by learning new

things, ability and expertise necessary for effective participation in the
development procedure. For this reason, practical curriculum is designed,
teaching materials are created and lessons are disseminated through formal
programs. Additionally, students’ achievement is not totally realized in a position
they are supposed to be and thus the performance gap is also realized through
the studies.

One of the factors that can affect students’ achievement is the use and the
development of the social media or the internet. The internet is more than just a
tool for information searchers. According to reports, the Online connections with
others might be made for professional or commercial goals, to create new friends,
or to reunite with lost acquaintances and family members. The newest instance of
social media, often known as new communication technology, is frequently
utilized by students using social media websites. The introduction of social media
simplified the process since it does not require extensive internet knowledge or
experience, and they include a wide range of various themes, usages, and
formats.

Using social networks such as Facebook is one of the most recent examples of
how communication technology has gained a lot of attraction among students
and, as a result, have the potential to be an important resource to help their
interactions and discussions with teachers around education.
social media can benefit students if it is handled wisely and can help them acquire
knowledge that would help them do better in their academic performance.

Whether social media is beneficial or not, we cannot deny that many students
regularly use these websites which affects their academic performance and
mental health. In fact, numerous parents are worried that their kids spend too
much time on Facebook and other social media sites social networking platforms
as a result, students do not have enough time for their study.

With this, our study aims to determine the factors which are the effects of social
media, and effects of financial status that affects the student’s academic
performance and their mental health (other factors like; environmental, etc. are
not included in this study).

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Altea: For our theoretical framework, we the researchers found 2 compatible
theories which is the theory of uses and gratifications and the theory of Social
Class Model.
To fully understand the first theory, take a look in this figure. This figure includes
the reason why people use social media which are... they use it to learn or
accomplish something beneficial to them, they use it for own personal
enjoyment, and lastly to gain social interaction or connect with others. This
theory is also known as the functional theory which was first introduced in the
1940's as the scholars begun to study why people choose to use various forms of
media. According to Kats in 1974, this theory focuses with the social and
psychological origin of needs, which generate expectation of the mass media,
resulting in people to identify why they use platforms like Facebook, etc. The
reason why they use social media could be based on their gender, ethnicity, and
educational background. In short, people use social media to satisfy their wants
and it is dictated to who or what they are. All in all, this theory is about why
people use the internet and that is for gratifying their needs and wants.

Moving on to the second theory, social class model. The model of social class in
version of Dennis Gilbert & Joseph Kahl, are based from Karl Marx’s model of
social class. It is also called as Gilbert Model, which is a model that is more
upgraded version that can use to classify people in a given society into social
classes. Social class refers to the group of people within a society who possess the
same socio-economic status.

Based on Dennis Gilbert’s model of class, it is categorized in 6 parts; capitalist,

upper middle, working, working poor, and under class. Among other things, social
class affects and influences people’s health, life, education, religion, and politics.
Which means, the lower one’s social class, the more likely that individual
experience inequality and struggles unlike in those upper classes. Mental illness,
and stress are also more closely associated with the lower-class population. In
fact, a person’s socio-economic status influences people’s identity in society.

Therefore, this theory is connected in our study since social classes affect the
overall being of someone, and this include the financial status as well as the
education of the person. With this theory, it is explained that financial status of
the family of the student can affect the student’s academic achievement, and
worst, it can damage someone’s mental health as lack of financial support can
cause stress. Since, the family cannot support the education of their children, they
tend to let them stop from learning to avoid extra expenses. Though some of the
passionate students find ways like working while studying, it can also hinder them
to give more attention to their studies that result of lower GPA or Grade Point
Average.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Alvira: On the other hand, for the Conceptual Framework, we follow the Input-
Process-Output format for the conceptual framework. The input contains raw
data needed in order to conduct the study which includes the profile of
respondents in terms of Gender, Age, Hours spent in social media, GPA or grade
point average, Parents occupation, and Weekly Allowance. This will be used be
used to accumulate and synthesize information. The gathered data will be used
for the analysis and interpretation of data. Lastly, the output produced the
expected result of the study which is to appraise, and give solutions and
recommendations to the factors that affects students’ academic performance and
mental health, which are the effects of social media, and the effect of financial
status.

Mikylla:

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

One of the biggest and most serious problem that students encounter while on
social media is experiencing anxiety and depression. Students who have those
disorders determining the risk of struggling academically and become resistant to
anything educational. This can include lack of participation in class, strained
relationships with peers and professors, and a lack of enthusiasm in pursuing
interests and making future plans. Because anxiety and depression can impair
working memory, which makes it difficult to retain new knowledge and recall
material that has already been taught, their learning is also hampered. In
addition, social media can cause addictive behavior specifically internet addiction
for the reason that they gave a lot of time spending on the internet than
managing their time in terms of studying. Depression, anxiety, and addiction
hinder academic growth and promote underachievement.

Moreover, family issues like money troubles can have an impact on a student's
ability to learn and overall wellbeing. Money is still vital in today's world, but the
problem is that some individuals have a lot of it while the others have less than
they need. The majority of students, in particular, are in financial trouble because
they lack expertise since they can't ask their parents to give them money since
they are in financial crisis. When students are experiencing financial difficulty,
they will be under a great deal of stress and will find it difficult to focus on the
lecturer. This will have an impact on their academic performance, including their
grades and results, and will affect their future when looking for employment.

Therefore, this study seeks the following; (basahin ang nasa powerpoint)

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Angel: For the Significance of the Study, since this study clarifies how social media
and family problems affects the learners as well as serves to gauge students’
familiarity with these effects and promote awareness of them, this study is crucial
for educators, parents, and students of Bugtongnapulo Integrated National High’s
senior students

Appreciating this study, students at school can now comprehend the benefits and
risk of social networking sites. It will be favorable in assisting them in creating a
strategy for managing and balancing their use of social media. On the other hand,
this study also provides the solution in overcoming the Family Problem specifically
financial issues that is one of the factors that affects the performance and mental
health of learners in school. The insights and recommendations indicated from
this study with regards on how addiction in social media and dealing with family
problems specifically, financial instability, affects the academic performance and
mental health will determine the beneficial resolution for future research.
NALD: SCOPE AND LIMITATION ASA PPT

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Jeff: Now, let us proceed for the definition of terms. The words that connected to
our research are (basahin ang nasa ppt)

CHAPTER 2
ALTEA
In the Chapter 2 of the study, we the researchers determined the REVIEW OF
RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES. In this chapter, we will present literature
reviews related to the factors that affects the academic performance and mental
health behavior of students, specifically, the effects of social media, and effects of
financial status. Literature and studies presented in this chapter contain
information, concepts, theories, and findings that are contributory and fitting for
the selection and the development of the research.

THE CONCEPT OF SOCIAL MEDIA

Websites known as social networking sites enable users to interact with one
another based on common traits, hobbies, or activities. Users can add personal
details and images to their profile pages, which list their connections (also
referred to as "friends") (Junco & Cole-Avent, 2008; Junco & Mastrodicasa, 2007).
These websites enable numerous methods of user interaction, including wall
postings, comments, private messaging, images, and tags that help identify
people in photos (Junco & Cole-Avent, 2008; Junco & Mastrodicasa, 2007). Even
back in 2007, 94% of first-year students reported engaging in online social
networking activities on a weekly basis (Higher Education Research Institute,
2007).
The term "social media" refers to the use of mobile and web-based technologies
to build highly interactive platforms through which individuals and communities
exchange, co-create, discuss, and modify user-generated content (Kietzmannn,
2012). It is a collection of web-based programs that enable the production and
sharing of user-generated content. Since we frequently refer to people who work
in the news as "the media," it is simple to mix up social media with social news.
Having access to various devices, especially mobile ones, means the ability to be
constantly connected with social media (Dahlstrom, 2012).

BENEFITS OF SOCIAL MEDIA

The Internet has emerged during the past few years as the primary platform for
interpersonal communication and entertainment (Alexander & Salas, 2008). It has
also become the tool of choice for practically every assignment or paper that a
student would do in high school and even in college (Alexander & Salas,2008).
According to recent studies. university students are the biggest Internet users,
especially for social connections, according to recent studies (Lin &
Subrahmanyam, 2007). Email, instant messaging, blogging, and online journals, as
well as social networking sites, have totally transformed the way adolescents
connect and gather information (Bonds Raacke & Raacke, 2008). Teenagers, who
are only familiar with this way of life, have adapted to it much more recently than
previous generations have (Lewis, 2008). The majority of teenagers' everyday
tasks and information gathering now involve using social media.

Recent studies on social media and internet usage show that social networking
sites like Facebook and MySpace have become so popular that many college
students will create an account even if they don't want to (Peter, Schouten, &
Valkenburg, 2006). This demonstrates that joining an SNS means more than
simply registering on a website; it also means "fitting in" with peers, just like many
other kinds of high school clubs (Peter, Schouten, & Valkenburg, 2006). Indeed,
SNS have taken on a crucial role in students' lives and may be indicators of
students' wellbeing and sense of self-worth (Peter, Schouten, & Valkenburg,
2006).
And despite some concerns about the potential dangers of social media use, there
are still advantages for students to use certain websites. In fact, many schools
have started utilizing these websites to advance education, keep students abreast
of tasks, and provide assistance to those in need (Boyd, 2007). Social networking
sites and the Internet in general can have a good impact on teenagers. Teenagers
can express themselves on social networking platforms in their own special ways
(Boyd, 2007). Additionally, they provide a venue for teens to socialize with others
who share their interests and showcase their artistic and musical talents (Boyd,
2007).
Henry's exploratory study of over 1000 college students looked for relationships
between technology and several components of psychosocial wellbeing. She
discovered that social in nature technological activities (such as chatting with
others online, talking on a cell phone, or networking on social media sites)
contributed to more positive measures of psychosocial well-being and sense of
community. Similarly, when social in nature technological motivations (such as
making friends and meeting new people) were used, there were positive scores
for both users (Henry, 2010, 2012). The use of social networking sites by college
students has been proven to positively correlate with their academic
achievement, according to numerous researchers. Students who used the
internet more frequently performed better on reading comprehension tests and
earned higher scores (Linda; 2006). Additionally, it has been discovered that using
social networking sites can assist treat various psychological issues, such as low
life satisfaction and low self-esteem (Ellison; 2007).

According to Ellison et al. (2007), Facebook seemed to be crucial to how students

built and maintained their social capital. People gain benefits from their social
connections and interactions such as emotional support, exposure to various
views, and knowledge of new things. They are referred to as social capital.
Facebook use has been found to help college students build their social capital
(Ellison et al., 2007, 2011). Self-esteem and life satisfaction are two measures of
psychological well-being that are correlated with social capital (Bargh & McKenna,
2004; Helliwell & Putnam, 2004). And a person with more social capital is more
committed to their community and is better able to use the resources of other
people in the networks they are a part of. These resources may come in the form
of practical knowledge, close connections, or the ability to manage groups
(Paxton, 1999). Overall, the use of social media provides an opportunity to build
and maintain social capital.

THREATS OF SOCIAL MEDIA

According to Kolan and Dzadza (1999), the nature of social media as a useful
servant but a dangerous master and a two-edge sword has been revealed in the
findings of the study. Despite the benefits that students can harness from social
media networks such as sharing of information, building relationship, partaking in
group discussion, there is to some extent addiction and distraction of attention
caused by the use of social media which could have serious consequences on the
academic life of students. According to one research, two-thirds of first-year
college students admitted to using electronic devices while in class, doing
homework, or studying (Jacobsen & Forste, 2011). Another survey revealed that
college students commonly utilized Facebook, Twitter, e-mail for correspondence,
talked on their cell phones, and texted while doing their coursework (Junco &
Cotten, 2012). According to Wood et al. (2012), students who were permitted to
use Facebook during a lecture performed significantly worse on examinations
covering the lecture subject than those who were solely permitted to take manual
notes. This lack of concentration among college students had a detrimental effect
on academic grades (Jacobsen & Forste, 2011; Junco & Cotten, 2012; Wood et al.,
2012). Nalwa & Anand (2003), recommended that addicted users prefer using
internet setting back their personal and professional responsibilities which
ultimately leads to poor academic performance. In the same vein, Karpinski
(2009) pointed out that social media users devoted lesser time to their studies in
comparison to nonusers did and subsequently had lower GPAs. Karpinski &
Duberstein. (2009). Also mentioned that among various unique distractions of
every single generation, social media remains a major distraction of current
generation.
The negative consequences of social media outweigh the favorable ones (Woods
and Scott, 2016). Due to the fact that students frequently use social media for
purposes other than learning, this tends to distract them from the classroom and
hinder their academic development (Bekalu et al., 2019, Hettiarachchi, 2014).
Additionally, a sedentary lifestyle and a decline in daily physical activity levels
brought on by spending a lot of time on social networking sites can make people
more susceptible to non-communicable diseases including obesity, diabetes, and
hypertension (Melkevik et al.,2015, Zou et al., 2019, Hu et al., 2001). In fact, social
media use has negative effects on mental health and can lead to depression and
anxiety. Therefore, because of the growing numbers of such sites and high
demand for social media among university students, it is important to examine
the purposes for which social networking sites are used.

Furthermore, according to Englander (2010), internet use has a negative impact

on students' academic performance and has a significantly greater negative
impact than positive effects. Due to the dramatic increase in internet usage over
the past few decades, internet addiction has emerged. Maya (2015) conducted
research that revealed that the misuse of these social media sites contributes to
lower academic performance, and interest in education.

Aside from addiction that can lower the students’ academic performance,
extensive use of social media also brought cyberbullying, and put a gap between
parents and students. In fact, students were exposed to bullying comments
online, according to a study based on internet respondents aged 9 to 19 and
above. Many people believe that social networking widens the door to sexual
predators because it frequently includes a lot of personal information that is
broadcast publicly and is easy to share. Participating in online social networks also
raises the chance of experiencing online bullying or victimization (Mesch, 2009)).
Harassing emails, websites, hateful instant messages, texts, and cruel posts on
social networking sites are examples of cyberbullying (Mesch, 2009). Being the
victim of cyberbullying can lead to humiliation, feelings of inferiority, low self-
esteem, and even suicide (Mesch, 2009). And sadly, there is no current legislation
that protects students from this type of harassment, even though there are laws
for more traditional types of bullying (Geach & Haralambous, 2009).
Conflicts between parents and children have also been worse since the
unexpected rise in popularity of online social networking (Greenfield &
Subrahmanyam, 2008). According to research, children who feel connected to
and open with one or more of their parents or guardians are more likely to
succeed academically (Greenfield & Subrahmanyam, 2008). The gap between
parents and children has grown due to teenagers' addiction to the internet and
other kinds of technology, as well as the language changes brought on by the
addition of new acronyms and code words that can only be learnt through this
technology (Greenfield & Subrahmanyam, 2008). Many parents do not
understand their children and are unable to relate to their virtual worlds. This in
turn produces tension in the home and could eventually result in a
communication barrier between parents and children regarding schoolwork and
grades (Greenfield & Subrahmanyam, 2008).

THE CONCEPT OF FINANCIAL STATUS

According to grit PH, financial status or financial health refers to the state and
condition of your finances. A person who has most of the bases covered (has a
decent income, zero or minimal debt, has investments, life insurance, etc.,) is in
excellent financial status. On the other hand, someone who owes a lot of debt,
has zero savings, no emergency fund, and has low cash flow is considered
financially unhealthy. The financial status or the social economic status is most
commonly determined by combining parent’s educational level, occupational
status and the income level (Jeynes, 2002; McMillan & Western, 200).

FINANCIAL STATUS AND STUDENT’S ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE

A theory known as Bourdieu's theory of cultural capital (1977) states that the
academic achievement of the student depends upon the cultural capital inherited
from the family rather than the individual talent. Accordingly, the ability of an
individual is socially constructed and is the outcome of the individual's access to
cultural capital. In this respect, Bourdieu's theory states that, the differences in
the family background leads to the differences in the academic achievements of
the students. This is due to the easy accessibility of the educational materials of
the children from parents of high socio-economic status than that of the children
from the parents of low socio-economic status.

In most of the studies done on academic performance of students, it is not

surprising that financial status is one of the major factors studied while predicting
academic performance. It is believed that low financial status negatively affects
academic achievement because lesser financial status prevents access to vital
resources and creates additional stress at home (Eamon 2005; Jeynes, 2002).
Graetz (1995) carried out a study on economic status in education research and
policy found that social economic background remains one of the major sources
of educational inequality and adds that one’s educational success depends very
strongly on the financial status of the parents. In fact, a 2011 report by the
American College Health Association shows that finances are the second-largest
stressor for students, falling just behind academics.

Students from the parents with higher educational qualification have higher
academic performance than those from parents with lower educational
qualification (Bakar et al., 2017). In contrast to that, a study from Ghana found
that though the parental socio-economic status and parental educational
background has no significant effect on the academic performance of the
students, the parental educational qualification and health status of the students
were found to have significant effect on the academic performance of the
students (Yelkpieri, 2016). Meanwhile, another study in Thimpu Bhutan, among
the government high school students came with the conclusion that there exists
the positive association between the parent's literacy and the academic
performance of the children (Dekar, 2016). Education of the parents, their
occupation and family income have distinct effects on their spending behavior.
However, the education of the parents seems to be the most influential
determinant in the academic performance of their children (Hao & Yeung, 2015).
Rana (2015) on his study in South Punjab Pakistan regarding the relationship
between parent's level of education and academic performance of their children
came up with the outcome that there exists a significant positive relationship
between the parent's level of education and the performance of their children.
Children from parents with good economic status are able to get better
performance than that of the children from the parents with low economic status
(Shah & Anwar, 2014). Machebe (2014), in his study among the students of
selected secondary schools in Enugu State came to specify that the parental
educational qualification and health status of the students have a statistically
significant relationship with the academic performance of the students.

FINANCIAL STATUS AND STUDENT’S MENTAL HEALTH

Money and mental health are inextricably intertwined, and the effects are reciprocal. Financial stress
and money worries can have a detrimental impact on mental health and lead to
problems. The stress students have over paid for college affects them in many
ways, but it is particularly apparent in their academic performance. According to
the survey, about one-third of both college freshmen and seniors agree that their
financial concerns have interfered with their academic performance. In some
situations, this was because students simply could not afford required course
materials, including textbooks. About one-quarter of freshmen and one-third of
seniors said they have not purchased required academic materials due to their
high cost. Several studies have documented the role and the extent of financial
problems in UK student life (National Union of Students, 1994; Windle, 1993). The
NUS survey found just over half of the sample (53 per cent) reported being in
debt at the time of the study.

A study regarding to how financial problem affects student’s mental health,

echoed Hodgson and Simoni’s (1995) findings that found financial problems in
students were linked with poor mental health. These authors found depression,
poor psychological functioning and poor academic performance to be corollaries
of financial hardship. The study states that, poorer mental health (indicated by
General Health Questionnaire scores) was significantly related to difficulty in
paying bills as well as to longer working hours outside university. In addition, they
found that people who had considered abandoning their course of study for
financial reasons had significantly poorer mental health, poorer perceived general
health, lower vitality and poorer social functioning. Therefore, financial status can
also affect the student’s mental health.
SYNTHESIS NASA PPT