MICROCOMPUTER FAMILIARIZATIONS INPUT/OUTPUT DEVICES

MODEM
Microcomputer – performs all the calculation HARD DRIVE
and logic functions. FLOPPY DRIVE
1. Keyboard – consists of miniature switches OUTPUT DEVICE
with alphanumeric and other labels. MONITOR
Allows the program user to enter PRINTER
information directly into the INPUT DEVICES
microcomputer. KEYBOARD
2. Monitor – contains a view screen. Gives JOYSTICK
the program user temporary information MOUSE
useful in the operation of the DIGITAL COMPONENTS IDENTIFICATION
microcomputer. Connecting an IC
3. Hard disk drives – serves as a storage place IC’s can be connected to external
for information. Consists of one or more circuits by many methods. The following are
rigid magnetic disks used to store three of the most common methods.
programs and other items useful to the 1. Soldered directly to the PC board.
user. These disks cannot be changed by 2. Inserted into an IC socket, where the
the user. socket itself is soldered directly to the
4. Floppy disk drive – will copy information PC Board.
from or place information on small disks 3. Connected with wire, such as wire-
consisting of magnetic material. These wrapped connections.
disks are an easy and quick way of getting Pin numbering
information into the microcomputer and One advantage of connecting an IC to a
can be changes by the user. circuit through the use of sockets is that the IC
5. Printer – consist of a print head and paper may easily be removed for replacement. One
mechanism for the purpose of making dis-advantage is that manufacturing costs are
permanent copy of useful information higher, since the socket must first be soldered
contained in the microcomputer. to the board and then the IC inserted into the
6. Mouse – a small device moved by hand socket.
across a smooth surface. Used with Pin numbers for IC Sockets
information on the monitor screen to
control the microcomputer quickly and Common IC insertion errors
easily. 1. Offset
7. Joystick – used for quick interaction with 2. Wrong way
the monitor screen. Usually used for 3. Folden pin
interacting with computer games. 4. Unseated pin
Reasons for IC failures
 IC’s are normally very reliable devices.
One of the major causes of initial IC failure is
that they were not inserted correct into their
sockets.
Because computer owners may have
tried to repair their own computers, before
bringing them in for service, it is always good
practice to give all printed circuit boards using
IC sockets a complete visual inspection. Do this
to ensure that the customer or another
technician has not inserted an IC incorrectly
into the board.
Types of IC’s
The nomenclature used to identify an
integrated circuit. It is important that you
always use an exact replacement, as
recommended by the manufacturer.
There are many different functions
performed by integrated circuit in your
computer. One common troubleshooting
technique is to replace a suspected IC with a
known good one. It is important that you
practice the technique of IC removal and
insertion.
CODE COMPANY
DM National Semi-conductor
MC Motorola
IM Intersil
SN Texas Instruments
ITT ITT Company
H Harris Corporation
Parts of INTEGRATED CIRCUIT
Core Number
74 - Logic Family
LS - Logic Sub-family
05 - Number identifies function of IC
Logic Sub-family
No letter - TTL
C – CMOS
H – High Speed
L – Low Power
LS – Low Power
Schottky
S – Schottky
Removing an Integrated Circuit
When removing an IC, it is important to
pull it straight up in order to prevent bending
the pins. There are times when the IC is so
large that the removal tool will not work
properly. If this is the case, use the method
using the flat blade of screwdriver.
Inserting an IC
The correct method of inserting an IC
into an IC socket. Note that the pins of an IC
tend to spread out to the side. The reason an IC
comes from the factory with its pins spread out
is to help from a better electrical connection
within the IC socket. It is important to note that
when you are replacing an IC, you must always
have power off. If the power is on as you
replace an IC, you could destroy the new
replacement.
SOLDERING AND DESOLDERING TECHNIQUES
Soldering – is the process used to secure the
wire connections of electronic components.
Soldering is the least expensive, fastest, most
reliable and simplest method of making
electrical connections between electronic
components.
The process requires three things:
1. A metal alloy, called the solder
2. A material to clean the connection
3. A source of heat
 have created a cold solder joint, simply
Soldering component reheat the joint to remove the old solder
1. Start with clean metal surfaces from both surface and with a clean tip,
2. Make a good mechanical connection resolder.
3. Apply heat Solder Bridges
4. Apply solder with flux A solder bridge is undesirable conditions
5. Allow connection to cool that can result in sever electronic damage
Soldering Irons to a computer system. Solder bridges are
The tools most commonly used as a source of caused by solder accidentally allowing an
heat for the melting and application of solder is electrical connection between two
a soldering iron. adjoining parts of a printed circuit board.
Soldering irons come in different wattage Desoldering Techniques
ratings, from 10 W to 250 W. for most Desoldering is the process of removing
computer work; an iron with a wattage rating of a soldered component or simply removing
between 10 and 50 W is used, in fact, the most unwanted solder (such as from a solder bridge)
common type used for computer work is an iron 1. Heating the solder
with a rating of 25 to 35 W. Soldering irons 2. Removing the solder
with a higher wattage rating get so hot that 3. Removing the component
they can easily damage delicate components 4. Cleaning the surface
and printed circuit board. These higher wattage
soldering irons are used only for larger and KEYBOARD CONNECTIONS
more rugged electrical soldering jobs, not for
work on personal computers. 1 Keyboard clock
Soldering tips 2 Keyboard data
1. Chisel (spade) 3 Reserve
2. Semi chisel 4 Ground
3. Conical 5 +5 V DC
4. Pyramid
Cold solder joints
A cold solder joints is an undesirable
condition that results in a soldering connection
that is an unreliable electronic connection. Cold 1 Keyboard data
solder joints are caused by: 2 Reserve
1. Dirty soldering tips 3 Ground
2. Heat not uniformly distributed to both parts 4 +5 V DC
3. Movement of the connection during cooling 5 Keyboard clock
4. Blowing on the connection on using an 6 Reserve
external source to cause rapid cooling of
the connection. Pin out for the USB connections are shown below:
A good soldering connection is smooth and
shiny. A poor soldering (cold solder joint)
looks dull and pitted. If you find that you
 Pin Name Cable color Description
1 VCC Red +5 VDC
2 D- White Data -
3 D+ Green Data +
4 GND Black Ground

USB Micro-B Connector

The Micro-B connector is becoming more and more

popular on small devices. Here is the pin out shown
from the end of the plug
Pin Name Cable color Description
1 VCC Red +5 VDC
2 D- White Data -
3 D+ Green Data +
4 ID n/a USB OTG ID
5 GND Black Ground