INVESTIGATORY PROJECT

BIOLOGY

2021-2022

S.RENGANTHAN
XII

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA
DINDIGUL

ROLL NO :
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my

teacher MR.V.PANDIYARAJAN,PGT(BIOLOGY) as well as our
principal SHRI.DR.K.MURUGASVARAN OF KENDRIYA
VEDYALAYA DINDIGUL gave me the golden opportunity to do
this wonderful project on the topic ”FRESHNESS OF
VEGETABLES”, which also helped me in doing a lot of Research
and I came to know about so many new things I am really
thankful to them.
Secondly I wanna thank my parents and friends who helped me
a lot in finalizing this project within the limited time frame.
 CERTIFICATE

THIS IS HEREBY TO CERTIFY THAT THE ORIGINAL AND

GENUINE INVESTIGATE ABOUT THE SUBJECT MATTER AND
INVESTIGATE HAS BEEN SOLELY AND SINCERELY BY S.
RENGANATHAN, REGARDING HIS PROJECT TITLED
“FRESHNESS OF VEGETABLES “

INTERNAL EXAMINER

SIGNATURE OF PRINCIPAL

EXTERNAL EXAMINER
 CONTENTS

• ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
• CERTIFICATES
• DECLARATION
• AIM IF THE PROJECT
• WHY A PROJECT?
• THEORY
• EXPERIMENT
• AIM
• APPARATUS
• REQUIREMENTS
• PROCEDURE
• SETUP
• OBSERVATION
• RESULTS
• CONCLUSION
• BIBLIOGRAPHY
AIM OF THE PROJECT

THE AIM OF THE PROJECT IS TO CHECK THE FRESHNESS IF

VEGETABLES BY PASSING ELELCTRICITY THROUGH THEM

WHY A PROJECT

THE PROJECT IS A METHOD OF LEARNING THE BEST BY A STUDENT

ESPECIALLY A SCIENCE STUDENT
WHO CAN APPLY TO THIS KNOWLEDGE IN HIS/HER DAILY LIFE

THUS, METHOD ENABLES STUDENT TO UNDERSTAND THE

SIGNIFICANCE AND RELEVANCE OF THE STUDENT IN HIS/HER
OBJECTIVES.

A PROJECT IS DEFINED AS A “A WHOLEHEARTED PURPOSEFUL

ACTIVITY PROCEEDING IN A SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT”
 EXPERIMENT

AIM:

TO CHECK THE FRESHNESS IF VEGETABLES BY PASSING ELECTRICITY

THROUGH THEM

APPARATUS:
GALVANOMETER, zn, cu plates connecting wires

REQUIREMENT:
• VEGETABLES
• BRINJAL
• CARROT
• RADDISH
• POTATO

PROCEDURE:
COLLECT THE VEGETABLES. TAKE TWO STRIPS OF COPPER ANS ZINC
METALS OF SIZE 15.3 CM. MARK DIFFERENT WITH SOME DEEPENED
PORTIONS WITH SOME DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE TWO MARKINGS
INSERT IN ALL VEGETABLES. CONNECT THE STRIPS IN ALL
VEGETABLES. CONNECT THE STRIPS WITH THE HELP OF THE WIRE TO
THE AMMETER. RECORD THE DIFFERENT READING FOR ALL THE
VEGETABLES FOR AT LOST 42 HOURS WITH AN INTERVAL OF 6
HOURS.
 THEORY
ENZYMES LIKE CELLULARS DISSOLVE CELLULARS, PECTIN AND
AMYLASE WHICH CHANGES STARCH AND SUGER REDUCTION IN
CONCENTRATION OF ACID I.E. CITRIC ACID THERE IS PRODUCTION OF
VARIOUS ESTERS, THE DEVELPOMENT OF KETONES AND ALDEHYDES
WHICH ARE AROMATIC SUBSTANCES WHEN WE INSERT ZN AND CU
IN VEGETABLES AND CONNECT THEM WITH WIRE THROUGH
AMMETER IT GIVES DEFELCTION SHOWING THE PRESENCE OF
CURRENT
A MOTION OF ELECTRIC CHARGE CONSTITUTES THE ELECTRIC
CURRENT.IF THE ZN STRIP IS DIPPED IN AN ACID WITH
ELELCTROPOSITIVE CHARACTER OF THAT ELEMENT, THERE IS
TENDENCY FOR POSITIVE ZN IONS TO ESCAPE FROM THE SURFACE
OF THE PLATE INTO SOLUTION, EACH THEM TWO ELECTRONS BEHIND
ON THE PLATE, THE OSMOTIC PRESSURE DUE TO THE IONS IN THE
SOLUTION TENDS TO DRIVES POSITIVE HYDROGEN INTO THE PLATES
BUT THE FARMER TENDENCY IS STRONGER SO THAT SOME ZN IONS
DO ESCAPE FROM THE PLATE, WHICH NEGATIVE BY ELECTRONS LEFT
BEHIND , THESE RESULTS IN A PLATE HAVING A LOWER POTENTIAL
THAN THE SOLUTION.
NOW IF A COPPER PLATE IS DIPPED IN ACID SOLUTION THERES IS
TENDENCY OF CU2+TO ESCAPE FROM THE HYDROGEN ION TO BE
DRIVEN INTO THE PLATE AND SINCE HYDROGEN IS LESS ELECTRO
POSITIVE COPPER, ELECTRON ARE TRANSFERRED FROM THE CU
ATOM TO THE HYDROGEN ION.
THE LOSS OF ELECTRONS FROM THE COPPER PLATE CAUSE IT TO BE
POSITIVE CHARGED AND HENCE RAISED TO POTENTIAL THAN
SOLUTION. IT FOLLOW FROM THE FACT THAT ZN PLATE WILL BE
LOWER IN POTENTIAL THAN THE COPPER PLATE. A WIRE CONNECTS
THE PLATE. A CURRENT WILL FLOW FROM ONE PLATE TO ANOTHER.
IT IS EQUAL TO THE CURRENT FLOWS FROM COPPER TO ZN PLATE
AND ACTUALLY ELECTRONS FLOW FROM LOW POTENTIAL TO HIGH
POTENTIAL
 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP FOR
VEGETABLES
 OBSERVATION

BRINJAL

SI.NO TIME IN AMMETER

HOURS READING
1 12PM 4
2 6PM 2.5
3 12AM 1.5
4 6AM 3
5 12PM 1.25
6 6PM 0.5
7 12AM 1
8 6AM 0.5
 CARROT

SI.NO TIME IN AMMETER

HOURS READING
1 12PM 4
2 6PM 2.5
3 12AM 1.5
4 6AM 3
5 12PM 1.25
6 6PM 0.5
7 12AM 1
8 6AM 0.5
 RADDISH

SI.NO TIME IN AMMETER

HOURS READING
1 12PM 4
2 6PM 2.5
3 12AM 1.5
4 6AM 3
5 12PM 1.25
6 6PM 0.5
7 12AM 1
8 6AM 0.5
 POTATO

SI.NO TIME IN AMMETER

HOURS READING
1 12PM 4
2 6PM 2.5
3 12AM 1.5
4 6AM 3
5 12PM 1.25
6 6PM 0.5
7 12AM 1
8 6AM 0.5
RESULT

HENCE, WE GOT A CHARACTRISTIC GRAPHS FORS EACH

VEGETABLES BY STUDING THEM. POTATO HAS GOT THE
STEADY OPPOSTION TO DECAY AFTER DECAYING A
LITTLE OR LOSING FRESH
CONCLUSION

BY PERFORMING CONTROLLED AND SCIENTIFIC

EXPERIMENT AND TAKING OBSERVATION
READINGS WE SUCCEEDED IN GETTING AN IDEA
OF FRESHNESS AN DECREASING RATE. EACH
VEGETABLE HAS ITS OWN CHARACTERISTIC
GFRAPH OF ANY PARICULAR VEGETABLE THE
DECAY PROCESS OF IT CAN
BE UNDERSTOOD EASILY.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

• NCERT BIOLOGY
• http://en.wikipedia.org.
• http://www.google.co.in
• http://www.scribd.com
• Reference articles from various blog