Grammar Notes 4

Simple Past : Be

Subject Affirmative Negative Interrogative

I was was not wasn’t Was I…?
You were were not weren’t Were you…?
He was was not wasn’t Was he…?
She was was not wasn’t Was she…?
It was was not wasn’t Was it...?
We were were not weren’t Were we…?
You were were not weren’t Were you…?
They were were not weren’t Were they…?

Simple Past: Other verbs

Affirmative form
Subject show report write Find do
I showed reported wrote Found did
You showed reported wrote Found did
He showed reported wrote Found did
She showed reported wrote Found did
It showed reported wrote Found did
We showed reported wrote Found did
You showed reported wrote Found did
They showed reported wrote Found did

Negative form
Subject Auxiliary Infinitive verb
I did not/ didn’t Show report Write find do
You did not/ didn’t Show report Write find do
He did not/ didn’t Show report Write find do
She did not/ didn’t Show report Write find do
It did not/ didn’t Show report Write find do
We did not/ didn’t Show report Write find do
You did not/ didn’t Show report Write find do
They did not/ didn’t Show report Write find do
Interrogative Form
Auxiliary Subject Infinitive verb
Did I Show report Write find do…?
Did you Show report Write find do…?
Did he Show report Write find do…?
Did she Show report Write find do…?
Did it Show report Write find do…?
Did we Show report Write find do…?
Did you Show report Write find do…?
Did they Show report Write find do…?

Passive voice in the simple past (be+past participle … + by

agent)

Affirmative form*
Subject Auxiliary Past participle
I was Done shown made studied used
You were Done shown made studied used
He was Done shown made studied used
She was Done shown made studied used
It was Done shown made studied used
We were Done shown made studied used
You were Done shown made studied used
They were Done shown made studied used
*For the negative and interrogative form, follow the pattern of “be”
above.

Present perfect (have + past participle)

Affirmative form
Subject Auxiliary Past participle
I have given made repeated studied used
You have given made repeated studied used
He has given made repeated studied used
She has given made repeated studied used
It has given made repeated studied used
We have given made repeated studied used
You have given made repeated studied used
They have given made repeated studied used
Negative form

Subject Auxiliary Past participle

I have not given made repeated studied used
You have not given made repeated studied used
He has not given made repeated studied used
She has not given made repeated studied used
It has not given made repeated studied used
We have not given made repeated studied used
You have not given made repeated studied used
They have not given made repeated studied used

Subject Auxiliary Past participle

I haven’t given made repeated studied used
You haven’t given made repeated studied used
He hasn’t given made repeated studied used
She hasn’t given made repeated studied used
It hasn’t given made repeated studied used
We haven’t given made repeated studied used
You haven’t given made repeated studied used
They haven’t given made repeated studied used

Interrogative form

Auxiliary Subject Past participle

Have I given made repeated studied used…?
Have you given made repeated studied used…?
Has he given made repeated studied used…?
Has she given made repeated studied used…?
Has it given made repeated studied used…?
Have we given made repeated studied used…?
Have you given made repeated studied used…?
Have they given made repeated studied used…?
Passive voice in the present perfect (have been+past
participle … + by agent)

Affirmative form*
Subject Auxiliaries Past participle
I have been done shown Made studied used
You have been done shown Made studied used
He has been done shown Made studied used
She has been done shown Made studied used
It has been done shown Made studied used
We have been done shown Made studied used
You have been done shown Made studied used
They have been done shown Made studied used
*For the negative and interrogative form, follow the pattern of the
“present perfect” above.

Existence (There+be)

Verb Phrase Singular Plural

Simple Present There is There are
Simple Past There was There were
Present Perfect There has been There have been
Modal Verbs There + modal + be
There can be, there will be, there may be, etc.