1.

Two-pulse bridge-rectifier circuit B2U

Objectives Equipment Cat. No.

- The output voltage vout(t) for an ohmic load Circuit elements:

1 Resistor 10 /2W 577 20
- The output voltage as a function of the charging 1 Resistor 100 /2W 577 32
capacitor 1 Resistor 1 k/2W 577 44
1 Resistor 10 k/0.5W 577 56
- The output voltage as a function of the load
1 Electrolytic capacitor
resistor
10 F/35 V 578 37
1 Electrolytic capacitor
- Determining the diode current
47 F/40 V 578 38
- Determining the reverse voltage across the 1 Electrolytic capacitor
diode V1 100 F/40 V 578 39
4 Si diodes 1N4007 578 51

Measuring devices:
1 Two channel
oscilloscope 400 575 212

Power supply units:

1 Power supply unit 521 485

Accessories:
1 Plug-in board DIN A4, STE 576 74
1 Measuring cable BNC/4mm 575 24
1 Set of bridging plugs 19 mm 501 48
1 Set of connecting leads 501 532
Exercise 1: The output voltage vout(t) for an ohmic load

Fig. 4.1

Assemble the circuit as shown in fig. 4.1 and apply an ac voltage of VTr = 6 Vrms to terminals 1 and2.
Use channel 1 of the oscilloscope to measure the peak-to-peak value of the transformer voltage at
terminals 1 and 2.
Settings on the oscilloscope:
Y1 = 5 volts/div (DC)
t = 5 ms/div.
trigger switch to "line"
 Fig. 4.2

Transfer the graphs into the diagram (fig. 4.2) and determine the amplitude (peak value) VP,Tr and
the frequency f of the transformer voltage vTr(t).

VP,Tr = 4.233 V

f = 50 Hz

Use channel 1 of the oscilloscope to measure the output voltage vout(t) and enter this into the
diagram (fig. 4.2.). Determine the amplitude and the frequency of the output voltage.

VP,out = 3.047 V

f = 50 Hz

Is it possible to display both input and output voltages simultaneously with channel 1 resp. channel
2. Give reasons for your answer.

Yes, it is feasible to display both the input and output voltages on an oscilloscope or a
dual-channel data gathering device at the same time. To do this, connect the input voltage to
channel 1 of the oscilloscope or data gathering equipment and the output voltage to channel
2. You may set the oscilloscope or data acquisition software to display waveforms from both
channels on the screen at the same time.

.
The second of Kirchoff's Laws is used to calculate the output voltage:

vout (t)  vTr (t)  VF  VP,out  VP,Tr  2 VTO

VF: voltage across the diode
VTO: threshold voltage of the diode
VTO  0.7 V (Si diode)
for vTr  2 · VTO

Calculate the amplitude of the output voltage.

VP,out ≈ 3.133 V

Exercise 2 : The output voltage as a function of the charging capacitor

Transfer the output voltage characteristic from fig. 4.2 into the diagram in fig. 4.3.
Without CL

Capacitance VOUT MAX VOUT MIN RIPPLE OUTPUT

(μF) (V) (V) (V)
10 3.023 1.683 1.6971× ��−�

47 2.970 2.554 3.6108× ��−�

100 2.904 2.707 1.6971× ��−�

Fig. 4.3

Connect the capacitors CL1 = 10 F, CL2 = 47 F and CL3 = 100 F (polarity must be correct) to
terminals 3 and 4 in fig. 4.1 (parallel to the load resistor) one after the other. Record the output
voltages vout(t) of the different capacitors on the oscilloscope and enter the characteristics into the
diagram in fig. 4.3.
 Label the output voltages according to the appropriate capacitor.
Comment on the relationship between the output voltage ripple and the capacitance value of
the capacitor.

` The vout max and vout min of the circuit display an inverse connection as the
capacitance value increases in table 4.2. This indicates that when capacitance grows, the
maximum and lowest output voltages fall, while the ripple output value remains constant.
In summary, increasing the capacitance value in a capacitor-filtered circuit leads to a
decrease in the output voltage ripple, providing better smoothing and stability of the
output voltage. However, the relationship is not linear, and there are practical
considerations to keep in mind when selecting the capacitance value for a given
application.

Exercise 3: The output voltage as a function of the load resistor

Transfer the characteristic of the output voltage from fig. 4.2 into the diagram in fig. 4.4.

Resistance VOUT MAX VOUT MIN RIPPLE OUTPUT

(Ω) (V) (V) (V)
100 2.770 902.828 3.6108 × ��−�

1k 1.043 491.099 3.6108× ��−�

10k 3.079 3.044 3.6108× ��−7

Fig. 4.4

Connect the capacitor CL = 47 F between the terminals 3 and 4 shown in fig. 4.1. Connect
the load resistors RL1 = 100 , RL2 = 1 k and RL3 = 10 k parallel to the capacitor one
after the other and record the corresponding output voltages on the oscilloscope.
Enter the graphs of the output voltage in the diagram (fig. 4.4) and label these.
Comment on the relation between the output voltage ripple and the load resistor value.
Give reasons for this.

When we run the simulation, we notice the peak to peak value of the wave growing; the
greater the voltage output, the higher the value of the ripple output. A notable discovery
emerges during the simulation as the voltage output grows: the peak-to-peak value of the
waveform likewise increases. This curious connection suggests that when the voltage
output increases, the accompanying ripple output increases in amplitude. In summary, the
output voltage ripple in a capacitor-filtered circuit is directly proportional to the load
resistor value. Increasing the load resistor value leads to an increase in the ripple voltage,
while decreasing the load resistor value reduces the ripple voltage. The choice of the load
resistor value should be based on the specific requirements and trade-offs of the circuit,
considering factors such as power dissipation, voltage regulation, and acceptable levels
of ripple voltage.