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  • 7-Effects of Different Earthquake Hazards (Potential Effects)

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    Analiza Mg Orias
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    Ground shaking, ground rupture/displacement, liquefaction, tsunamis, landslides, and ground subsidence are potential earthquake hazards. Ground shaking is caused by rapid vibration from seismic waves and can damage or collapse buildings. Ground rupture involves deformation at the intersection of the fault with the earth's surface, in either vertical or horizontal displacement as one side moves up/down or side-to-side. Liquefaction occurs when saturated sediments transform into liquid. Tsunamis are a series of waves caused by undersea earthquakes that can flood coastal areas and damage properties. Earthquake-induced landslides involve the movement of debris or earth down a slope, while ground subsidence is a sinking of the earth's surface due

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    Ground shaking, ground rupture/displacement, liquefaction, tsunamis, landslides, and ground subsidence are potential earthquake hazards. Ground shaking is caused by rapid vibration from seismic waves and can damage or collapse buildings. Ground rupture involves deformation at the intersection of the fault with the earth's surface, in either vertical or horizontal displacement as one side moves up/down or side-to-side. Liquefaction occurs when saturated sediments transform into liquid. Tsunamis are a series of waves caused by undersea earthquakes that can flood coastal areas and damage properties. Earthquake-induced landslides involve the movement of debris or earth down a slope, while ground subsidence is a sinking of the earth's surface due

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    35 views3 pages

    7-Effects of Different Earthquake Hazards (Potential Effects)

    Uploaded by

    Analiza Mg Orias
    Ground shaking, ground rupture/displacement, liquefaction, tsunamis, landslides, and ground subsidence are potential earthquake hazards. Ground shaking is caused by rapid vibration from seismic waves and can damage or collapse buildings. Ground rupture involves deformation at the intersection of the fault with the earth's surface, in either vertical or horizontal displacement as one side moves up/down or side-to-side. Liquefaction occurs when saturated sediments transform into liquid. Tsunamis are a series of waves caused by undersea earthquakes that can flood coastal areas and damage properties. Earthquake-induced landslides involve the movement of debris or earth down a slope, while ground subsidence is a sinking of the earth's surface due

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    of 3

    EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS

    POTENTIAL EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS


    1. GROUND SHAKING - caused by the rapid vibration of the ground.
    - It is produced by the passing of seismic waves beneath the structure
    that generates sudden slip on the fault. Ground shaking can damage, fall
    or collapse buildings or structures resulting in shaking of grounds.
    We should keep mind that ground shaking is measured in terms of the following:
    a. Velocity -the speed at which something moves in a particular
    direction.
    b. Acceleration- the rate of change of velocity. Usually, acceleration
    means the speed is changing, but not always. 
    c. Frequency - the rate at which current changes direction per second
    d. Duration -the length of time that something lasts
    2. GROUND RUPTURE/ GROUND
    DISPLACEMENT - is Deformation on
    the ground that marks the
    intersection of the fault with the
    earth’s surface.

    CHARACTERISTIC OF GROUND RUPTURE


    a. LENGTH - it depends on the magnitude of an earthquake.
    Example: earthquake with 6.5 magnitude and above will result to a
    larger rupture.
    b. WIDTH - the deformation along the length of ground
    rupture also largely depends on the type of faulting.
    TWO TYPES OF GROUND RUPTURES

    A.VERTICAL DISPLACEMENT – occurs


    when one side of the ground goes up or
    down or both sides move with one side
    going up and one side going down.

    B.HORIZONTAL DISPLACEMENT -
    happens when there is lateral
    movement from side to side ; one
    side goes to left or right or both
    moves sideways in different
    directions.

    3. LIQUEFACTION –a transformation of the


    behavior of a body of sediments or soil form
    to liquid form.

    4. TSUNAMI – a series of waves caused by an


    earthquake under the sea. Waves height
    could be greater than 5 meters. It is also
    known as a tidal wave. TSUNAMIS CAN
    CAUSE FLOODING, COASTAL EROSION
    DAMAGE TO PROPERTIES AND DROWNING.
    5. EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED LANDSLIDE - the
    movement of a mass of rock, debris, or
    earth down a slope

    6. EARTHQUAKE INDUCED- GROUND SUBSIDENCE- a gradual settling or


    sudden sinking of the Earth's surface owing to subsurface movement
    of earth materials.

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