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Job Title
Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd Client
Internet: http://www.prokon.com
E-Mail : mail@prokon.com Calcs by Checked by Date

Retaining Wall Design : Ver W4.0.04 - 12 Feb 2021

Title : 3.5m High Toe Wall
C14
Input Data
Wall Dimensions Unfactored Live Loads General Parameters Design Parameters

H1 (m) 3.5 C (m) 0.3 W (kN/m2) 20 Soil friction f (°) 30 SF Overturning 2

H2 (m) 0 F (m) 0 P (kN) Fill slope b (°) 0 SF Slip 1.5
H3 (m) xf (m) xp (m) Wall friction d (°) 20.1 ULS DL factor 1.35
Hw (m) At (m) 0.25 L (kN/m) r Concrete kN/m3 25 ULS LL factor 1.5
Hr (m) Ab (m) 0.3 xl (m) r Soil kN/m3 20 Pmax (kPa) 150
B (m) 0.5 Cover wall mm 50 Lh (kN/m) fck (MPa) 25 Soil Poisson u 0.3
D (m) 1.3 Cover base mm 50 x (m) fy (MPa) 500 DLFac Slide/Ovt 0.9
Seepage allowed
Active pressure NOT applied on back of shear key for sliding

Theory : Coulomb
Wall type : Cantilever

SEISMIC ANALYSIS SETTINGS:

Seismic Analysis ON/OFF:OFF

Horizontal Acceleration (g) 0.1

Vertical Acceleration (g)
Include Live loads

VALUES OF PRESSURE COEFFICIENTS:

Active Pressure coefficient Ka :0.304
Passive Pressure coefficient Kp :6.132
Base frictional constant µ :0.577

FORCES ACTING ON THE WALL AT SLS:

All forces/moments are per m width

FORCES (kN ) and their LEVER ARMS (m )

Description F Horizontal Lever arm F Vertical Lever arm
left (+) down (+)
Destabilizing forces:
Total Active pressure Pa 34.735 1.167 13.330 0.783
As a result of surcharge w 19.849 1.750 7.617 0.777

Stabilizing forces:
Passive pressure on base Pp 0.000 0.000
Weight of the wall + base 37.750 0.810
Weight of soil on the base 84.800 1.437
UDL of20.0 kPa 27.000 1.425

EQUILIBRIUM CALCULATIONS AT SLS

All forces/moments are per m width

1.Moment Equilibrium

Point of rotation: bottom front corner of base.

For Overturning moment Mo calculate as follows:

Mo = Sum(hor. forces x l.a.) - Sum(vert. forces x l.a.)
For Stabilizing moment Mr calculate as follows:
Mr = -Sum(hor. forces x l.a.) + Sum(vert. forces x l.a.)
where l.a. = lever arm of each force.

Stabilizing moment Mr : 190.94 kNm

Destabilizing moment Mo : 58.90 kNm
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Safety factor against overturning = Mr/Mo = 3.242

2.Force Equilibrium at SLS

Sum of Vertical forces Pv : 170.50 kN

Frictional resistance Pfric : 98.44 kN
Passive Pressure on shear key : 0.00 kN
Passive pressure on base : 0.00 kN
=> Total Horiz. resistance Fr : 98.44 kN

Horizontal sliding force on wall Fhw : 54.58 kN

Horizontal sliding force on shear key Fht : 0.00 kN
=> Total Horizontal sliding force Fh : 54.58 kN

Safety factor against overall sliding = Fr/Fh = 1.803

FORCES ACTING ON THE WALL AT ULS:

All forces/moments are per m width

FORCES (kN ) and their LEVER ARMS (m )

Description F Horizontal Lever arm F Vertical Lever arm
left (+) down (+)
Destabilizing forces:
Total Active pressure Pa 46.892 1.167 17.996 0.783
As a result of surcharge w 29.773 1.750 11.426 0.777

Stabilizing forces:
Passive pressure on base Pp 0.000 0.000
Weight of the wall + base 33.975 0.810
Weight of soil on the base 76.320 1.437
UDL of18.0 kPa 24.300 1.425

EQUILIBRIUM CALCULATIONS AT ULS

All forces/moments are per m width

1.Moment Equilibrium

Point of rotation: bottom front corner of base.

For Overturning moment Mo calculate as follows:

Mo = Sum(hor. forces x l.a.) - Sum(vert. forces x l.a.)
For Stabilizing moment Mr calculate as follows:
Mr = -Sum(hor. forces x l.a.) + Sum(vert. forces x l.a.)
where l.a. = lever arm of each force.

Stabilizing moment Mr : 171.85 kNm

Destabilizing moment Mo : 83.83 kNm

Safety factor against overturning = Mr/Mo = 2.050

2.Force Equilibrium at ULS

Sum of Vertical forces Pv : 153.45 kN

Frictional resistance Pfric : 88.59 kN
Passive Pressure on shear key : 0.00 kN
Passive pressure on base : 0.00 kN
=> Total Horiz. resistance Fr : 88.59 kN

Horizontal sliding force on wall Fhw : 76.67 kN

Horizontal sliding force on shear key Fht : 0.00 kN
=> Total Horizontal sliding force Fh : 76.67 kN

Safety factor against overall sliding = Fr/Fh = 1.156

SOIL PRESSURES UNDER BASE AT SLS

Maximum pressure :145.11 kPa
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Minimum pressure : 17.27 kPa

Maximum pressure occurs at left hand side of base

WALL MOMENTS (ULS) AND REINFORCEMENT TO Eurocode 2 - 2004

Position from Moment Front Reinforcing Back Reinforcing Minimum
base top (m ) (kNm ) (mm^2/m ) (mm^2/m ) (mm^2/m )

0.00 82.31 0.00 822.16 321.44

0.06 78.82 0.00 789.22 320.11
0.13 74.91 0.00 751.72 318.77
0.19 71.12 0.00 715.37 317.44
0.26 67.46 0.00 680.14 316.11
0.32 63.92 0.00 646.01 314.77
0.38 60.50 0.00 612.98 313.44
0.45 57.20 0.00 581.01 312.10
0.51 54.01 0.00 550.09 310.77
0.58 50.94 0.00 520.21 309.44
0.64 47.98 0.00 491.35 308.10
0.70 45.13 0.00 463.49 306.77
0.77 42.39 0.00 436.61 305.44
0.83 39.76 0.00 410.70 304.10
0.90 37.23 0.00 385.75 302.77
0.96 34.80 0.00 361.73 301.43
1.02 32.48 0.00 338.63 300.10
1.09 30.25 0.00 316.45 298.77
1.15 28.12 0.00 295.15 297.43
1.22 26.09 0.00 274.73 296.10
1.28 24.15 0.00 255.18 294.77
1.34 22.30 0.00 236.47 293.43
1.41 20.54 0.00 218.59 292.10
1.47 18.87 0.00 201.54 290.76
1.54 17.29 0.00 185.29 289.43
1.60 15.79 0.00 169.84 288.10
1.66 14.37 0.00 155.16 286.76
1.73 13.03 0.00 141.24 285.43
1.79 11.77 0.00 128.08 284.10
1.86 10.58 0.00 115.65 282.76
1.92 9.47 0.00 103.94 281.43
1.98 8.44 0.00 92.95 280.09
2.05 7.47 0.00 82.64 278.76
2.11 6.57 0.00 73.02 277.43
2.18 5.74 0.00 64.07 276.09
2.24 4.98 0.00 55.76 274.76
2.30 4.27 0.00 48.10 273.43
2.37 3.63 0.00 41.07 272.09
2.43 3.05 0.00 34.64 270.76
2.50 2.53 0.00 28.81 269.42
2.56 2.06 0.00 23.57 268.09
2.62 1.64 0.00 18.90 266.76
2.69 1.28 0.00 14.78 265.42
2.75 0.96 0.00 11.20 264.09
2.82 0.70 0.00 8.14 262.75
2.88 0.48 0.00 5.60 261.42
2.94 0.30 0.00 3.55 260.09
3.01 0.17 0.00 1.98 258.75
3.07 0.07 0.00 0.88 257.42
3.14 0.02 0.00 0.23 256.09
3.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 254.75

BASE MOMENTS (ULS) AND REINFORCEMENT TO Eurocode 2 - 2004

Position from Moment Top Reinforcing Bot Reinforcing Minimum
left (m ) (kNm ) (mm^2/m ) (mm^2/m ) (mm^2/m )

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 320.11

0.04 -0.15 0.00 1.42 320.11
0.08 -0.59 0.00 5.68 320.11
0.12 -1.33 0.00 12.79 320.11
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0.16 -2.37 0.00 22.74 320.11

0.20 -3.70 0.00 35.56 320.11
0.24 -5.33 0.00 51.26 320.11
0.28 -7.26 0.00 69.83 320.11
0.32 -9.48 0.00 91.32 320.11
0.36 -12.00 0.00 115.73 320.11
0.40 -14.82 0.00 143.09 320.11
0.44 -17.93 0.00 173.43 320.11
0.48 -21.33 0.00 206.77 320.11
0.53 -25.04 0.00 243.16 320.11
0.57 -29.04 0.00 0.00 320.11
0.61 -33.33 0.00 0.00 320.11
0.65 -36.92 0.00 0.00 320.11
0.69 66.30 0.00 0.00 320.11
0.73 61.81 0.00 0.00 320.11
0.77 58.23 576.06 0.00 320.11
0.81 54.75 540.60 0.00 320.11
0.85 51.38 506.37 0.00 320.11
0.89 48.12 473.35 0.00 320.11
0.93 44.97 441.54 0.00 320.11
0.97 41.92 410.91 0.00 320.11
1.01 38.98 381.46 0.00 320.11
1.05 36.15 353.17 0.00 320.11
1.09 33.42 326.04 0.00 320.11
1.13 30.80 300.05 0.00 320.11
1.17 28.29 275.18 0.00 320.11
1.21 25.88 251.45 0.00 320.11
1.25 23.58 228.82 0.00 320.11
1.29 21.39 207.30 0.00 320.11
1.33 19.30 186.88 0.00 320.11
1.37 17.32 167.55 0.00 320.11
1.41 15.45 149.30 0.00 320.11
1.45 13.69 132.13 0.00 320.11
1.49 12.03 116.03 0.00 320.11
1.53 10.48 100.99 0.00 320.11
1.58 9.04 87.01 0.00 320.11
1.62 7.70 74.09 0.00 320.11
1.66 6.47 62.21 0.00 320.11
1.70 5.35 51.39 0.00 320.11
1.74 4.33 41.60 0.00 320.11
1.78 3.42 32.85 0.00 320.11
1.82 2.62 25.14 0.00 320.11
1.86 1.92 18.47 0.00 320.11
1.90 1.34 12.82 0.00 320.11
1.94 0.86 8.20 0.00 320.11
1.98 0.48 4.61 0.00 320.11
2.02 0.21 2.05 0.00 320.11
2.06 0.05 0.51 0.00 320.11
2.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 320.11

SHEAR CHECK AT WALL-BASE JUNCTION TO Eurocode 2 - 2004

Shear force at bottom of wall V = 65.7 kN
Shear stress at bottom of wall v = 0.27 MPa OK
Allowable shear stress vc = 0.46 MPa (based on Wall tensile reinf.)
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Job Title
Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd Client
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E-Mail : mail@prokon.com Calcs by Checked by Date

Sketch of Wall

Design code: Eurocode 2 - 2004

0.25 20.00
0.00°

20.10°
30.00°
3.50

0.500.30 1.30
0.30

Ka=0.30
0.00

Kp=6.13
µ=0.58
17.3kPa V= 65.7kN
v= 0.27MPa
145.1kPa vc= 0.46MPa
Wall type: Cantilever SFslip = 1.80
Theory: Coulomb SFslip (ULS) = 1.16
SFovt = 3.24
SFovt (ULS) = 2.05

Wall Bending Moments

Wall Moments

Moment max = 82.31kNm @ -.300m

3.20
3.00
2.80
2.60
2.40
2.20
2.00
1.80
Height (m)

1.60
1.40
1.20
1.00
.800
.600
.400
.200
0.00

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

Bending moment (kNm)

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Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd Client
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Base Bending Moments

Base Moments Moment max = 66.30kNm @ .653m

70.0
60.0
50.0
Bending moment (kNm)

40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
.100
.200
.300
.400
.500
.600
.700
.800
.900
1.00
1.10
1.20
1.30
1.40
1.50
1.60
1.70
1.80
1.90
2.00
2.10
-10.0
-20.0
-30.0

Position (m)

Wall Reinforcement

Wall Reinforcement
3.20

Reinf. max = 822.2mm^2/m @ 0.00m

3.00
2.80
2.60 Nominal
2.40
2.20
2.00
1.80
Height (m)

1.60 Back

1.40
1.20
1.00
.800
Front
.600
.400
.200
100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

Reinforcement (mm^2/m)
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Base Reinforcement

Base Reinforcement Reinf. max = 576.1mm^2/m @ .741m

600

550

500

450
Reinforcement (mm^2/m)

400

350
Nominal
300

250

200

150
Top
100
Bottom
50.0
.100

.200

.300

.400

.500

.600

.700
.800

.900

1.00

1.10

1.20
1.30

1.40

1.50

1.60
1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00
2.10
Position (m)