Conformers

ONE -
SHOT
*
*

SPARN
 #

SPARTAN
- -

-
 v

- > -

- >

- >

SPARTAN
- >
<
 D
HYDROCARBONS
in which
only hydrogen and carbon are
compounds
↳

present. AN ALKANES

C2H6 CHy C2Hz

ALKENES
*

CoHs Benzene * ALKYNES

* AROMATIC
Cuz-on X

Cg-M
-

NHzX
 *
ALKANES
I
METHODS PREPERATION
OF

1) HUDROGENATON catalyst
Addition ↑
&
*
of Mr M
NilPtIPd
CHz =
CHz T H2 -> CHz -

CH2
1 a Bond (g) ↓ '

HC = CH +

2Ma>
Nilpt
nc"n
2Bond
(g) I h
 Addition (same side)
Syn
*

Exothumic
*
(always) AH =
= ↑

* As < 0
Rate (ROR)?
Reaction
of
-

Aa<0
* alknes
ROR
-
I-alkynes>
spontaneous ROR = .

slabbly
STABILITY ALKENE
OF a
NO.OfXH
 &
RATE
COMPARE OFHUDROGENATION
↑

& & &

& (Hz CHz CH Mz CHz CH C

Mz
- = = -
- -

⑥
= =

⑳ 64H
2x4
i8
Statrhly
b> a
-

->

ROR 8 - b <a
-
 ROR
-- 11
eg -XXc>
L
⑥
/
gard
&
594

Mz My > CHz CH CH CH3

=

C =
2
-
-
- -

2aBond 1 Bond

L ↓ &

stability
M3
intrust is
Mb M3
& - I
c C -c
is ROR:-tus (is
=

> / trans a
=

x
-
H -H cm.
64H H 64H
 CECH
->
- (Hz ck
CHz-C-Mz-Chy
=
-

excess
InBond Bond
ALKANE

12 (leg.)
V

CH CH CH =
CH2
=
-
From Alkyl Halides
2 -
X

a) Reduction-
#
* Tn,H
R -
X --> R H
-
+ In X2
-n,H+
CHz-H
->
CHz -
C + EnCz
cu3 CH3
I
* In, HT -

I
↳xn
>
1
-Br
 Solvent
b) Warty "
=

R -
X T Na dry
- >
R -

R + Na X
elher
-

Askane

R3X
->
④

* Free Radical mechanism

2. R Coupling
* Run

o CH3c +
Na CHz -

Mz A hall

in cMz
o <5B no +

7x

>. .

-
[y7z Noam +

[Y #
↑

-... /-

2 L/
Warty
* run is used
prepare symmetrical hoof
to alkanes
Carbon

Chy
* be
cannot
prepared by warty
but
prepared
alkares can also be their
Insymmetrical
*

poor. Officiency poR

·

is
yield ->

Na

CH,5a (n) ckz-Br CHz CHz

-
->
=
-
+

dry ther

CH3 in
-

cHy CHz -
-

M
-

M3

unsymmetrialCHz-c-c3
Intramolecular Wurtz
NOTWA Product should be stable;

8NYFF
*

pxBu , -
- kN
dry
ele
-

-/
AROMATIC

#1 =1
 NOTWA
If Alkye
rolide is 3, then

urly Disproportionation
->
no

reaction Reaction
coupling
no

CHz CH2
-
cnz
n +

cnz c
of
a
-

(hz
-

i
-
-

⑳in, ins inz

ALKANE ALKENE
 Fittig
Reaction
*

30
Malide
on >
27-
Arye Bifhenyl compounds
#>..XX
Wety-fistig
* Run? -

CHfu
oxBu Nunn
oe
+

Halide
Alkys #

CHz
-

cz
(n3.[I> #

=7 ) -
 Carbides
# By hydrolysis of
YAAD
-
-

BeC Hao
+
-> Be(MI A
CHy

AluCs +

H20 ->
Al(M)s +
CHy

CaCe +

Ha0 ->
CaCOR) +
MCECH Ethyne
Acetylene
~

Mga(s H20 ->

MgCOM)
+

+
Mz -
2= CH

Profyne
Kolbe’s Reaction same
Warly
-

as
-
-

NaOH

25g on -> R R + 2CO2 +

H2
-
-

elubolysisAskane
-

CATHODE
↓
R.R ANODE

c4z7
NaOH
on
CHz CHz
&
p
->
-
-

redrolysis
-

CH3 CH3
 prepare symmetrical
It
* is used to alkanes

Chy
* be
cannot
prepared
but
prepared
alkares can also be their
Insymmetrical
*

poor.
·

is
yield
= (4,5 q -
0 az az
+
-

39
-

o
NoOH
->

CHz CH3
-

electrolysis
-

CH3
#
CHz-c
(Hz -

M uz
- -

M3

cuz-u -

cy

unsymmetrical
of chetcoon NoOH CH2

in- coon iteolysis

-

Ina Alkene
=

in2
I
&

CH2
in-coon
NoOh
of -> CH

electrolysisare
one
11/ ⑨

CH
->

·
C2H2
CH

· In
Soda Lime Decarboxylation
↳ Co2
udige

iron
↳ Noon (ca0 Sodaline
-

R H
-
+
CO24
Alkane
-
-
& (my-mz-
on won, cms-cus

Mz
owa on CHz cz M3
- -

wz at
- - -

MaaCOy
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ALKANES

1) HALOGENATION UNIMP light

av-
R -

H +

Xa -
R -
x+ HX

RADICAL
FREE MECHANISM
CHy Uz
+
-
CHz
-
x + HU

2Hz-2 Ca +
-
CHCz + HC

CHla +
Ca ->
CHUz +
HC

CHUz cz +
->
cly + 4e
MECHANISM
Initiation
chain
I uV
at a -> ci+ci FREE

homolysis RADICAL

2) chain
Propogation ⑩

CHy + ci -
CHz + HU

in a
+ -
x -
(Hz -
a ci
+
3) chain triminate

i ci
+
-
ca

(Hz a
+
-
mz
-
a
Product
ing + ig ->
c-cz
By -
⑨

NOTWA
Reauturlyi Fa >Uz>BrzTI2 HALOGENS

3020>10 ALKYG HALEDE

FLUORINATION X BROMINATION-
reactive
Highly ENDOTHERMEC
* *

exothermic CONTROLABLE
*
Highly
*

SELECTIVE
*
* Uncontrolable
strong reducing
IMP

X IODINATION -
-
CHLORINATIONI
~ av
* EXOTHERMAC R -
H 1a =
+
R
- z + Ha

* CONTROLABLE show
HI -> I2
*

REVERSIBLE
*
NON
* -
SELECTIVE
* STRONG OXIDISING AGENT

HNO3, H1Oy, H203

HOW MANY PRODUCTS ?

dz, my
a Ckz
ckz
-

-
+
-

hV
U2
cMz Mz
+ u-
= ay az my
-
- - -

↳ ②
(Hz Mz
qH
-
-
 Mz az M3+ ca Is
(
- -
-

CHz cz c M3
Excluding strea isomer -
- - -

①
stres isomer =
Including
+

cus M@ CH CH3 (Detho Chiral Carbon)

-
-
 mz az az Mz az #Va
=(
- - - - +

CHz az a. c cz
Excluding strea isomer=B
-
- - -

a ①
stree
Including isomer
as- In-cy- me
Carbon)
a
(Detho
-

Chiral

CHz-M-cn-a me
 *
MAJOR PRODUCT . .

Reacturly
.
->

10:
:

CHLORINATION - 2 30 ou
-
--

18 3.8: 5
RP RS Rt
↑

&

Hp-No. of 14 10 = HpXRP
20 H5 =
X RS
Hs i-No. Con
of 30 H + =

x Rt
Ht in No. 34
of
= ( i nz +

u
cz
-
- -

a
re
-

Minor
Hp 6
=
-
-

Hs 2
=
#

i Hp XRp 6
= =
x 1 6
=

Cz -cH
-

cz
20 HSXRS 2 x 3.8=7.6
S
a
Maon
= =

Major
&

=
2. j( + a ->
to
a
Hp 9
=
i. up 10 ax1 a
=
+
= = -
minor
-

Ht 1
=
30 H+
=
x Rt 1X5 5
=
=
 stable
Always
more
* BROMINATION
Radical
free
Reactivity i. 20 Preferred
0
8 -
: 3
-
-

18 82: 1600

fai-ci en +
Brc
av
-> CHz
↓
-
CH

Br
-

M3

Major
-
-
-+ som
Br Is
# ALKANES FINISH
NEMFEB 9:00AM
#
⑤>

ZIDDHAI -

↳ ALKENES

ONE SHOT
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