Personal Pronouns

Personal pronouns are pronouns that are associated primarily with a

particular grammatical person – first person (as I), second person (as you), or third person
(as he, she, it, they). Personal pronouns may also take different forms depending
on number (usually singular or plural), grammatical or natural gender, case, and formality.
The term "personal" is used here purely to signify the grammatical sense; personal
pronouns are not limited to people and can also refer to animals and objects (as the
English personal pronoun it usually does). Personal pronouns are also those particles that
are usually used to substitute a subject formed by a noun.
I Yo

You Tú

He Él

She Ella

It Esto

We Nosotros/as

You (plural) Ustedes

They Ellos/as

To Be Verb

To be is a copula: a word used to link the subject of a sentence with a predicate (a subject
complement).TO BE means SER or ESTAR in Spanish.

The to be forms in present tense are: am, are & is.

I am Yo soy / estoy

You are Tú eres / estás

He is Él es / está

She is Ella es / está

It is Esto es / está

We are Nosotros/as somos / estamos

You (plural) are Ustedes son / están

They are Ellos/as son / están

The forms of the verb to be are: am (contracted to 'm), is ('s) and are ('re) 
I’m
You’re / We’re / They’re
He’s / She’s / It’s

Occupations

English Spanish
Accountant  Contador
Actor /Actress Actor / Actriz
Architect  Arquitecto
Author  Autor
Baker  Panadero
Bus driver  Conductor de bus
Butcher  Carnicero
Carpenter  Carpintero
Chef/Cook Cocinero
Designer  Diseñador
Dentist  Dentista
Doctor  Doctor
Electrician  Electricista
Engineer  Ingeniero
Factory worker Trabajador de fabrica
Farmer  Granjero
Fireman/Fire fighter Bombero
Fisherman  Pescador
Gardener  Jardinero
Hairdresser  Peluquero
Journalist Periodista
Judge  Juez
Lawyer  Abogado
Mechanic  Mecánico
Model  Modelo
Nurse  Enfermero/a
Painter  Pintor
Pharmacist  Farmacéutico
Photographer  Fotógrafo
Pilot  Piloto
Politician  Político
Policeman/Policewoman Policía
Receptionist Recepcionista
Scientist  Científico
Secretary  Secretario
Teacher  Profesor
Translator Traductor
Veterinary doctor (Vet) Veterinario
Waiter/Waitress Mesero/a

Verbs Group 5

English Spanish
Address Dirigir, dirección
Ask Preguntar, pedir
Catch Coger, capturar
Catch up Ponerse al día, alcanzar
Demand Exigir, demandar
Get up Levantarse
Hate Odiar, odio
Invent Inventar
Invite Invitar
Join Juntar, unir
Let Permitir, dejar
Lose Perder
Receive Recibir
Send Enviar
Separate Separar, separado
Serve Servir
Sleep Dormir
Try Intentar, intento
Understand Entender
Wake up Despertar
Want Querer
Expressions

Please, have a seat! Por favor tome asiento

Welcome Bienvenido

May I take your order? ¿Puedo tomar su orden?

What would you like to eat (drink)? ¿Qué le gustaría comer (beber)?

What would you recommend? ¿Qué me recomendaría?

I'd like … Me gustaría …

Would you like something for dessert? ¿Le gustaría algo de postre?

Here it is / Here you are Aquí está / aquí tienes

I’d like the check please La cuenta por favor

Food & Beverages

English Spanish English Spanish

Rice Arroz Hamburger Hamburguesa

Milk Leche Cheese Queso

Coffee Café Bacon Tocineta

Bread Pan Ham Jamón

Water Agua Fast food / Junk Comida rápida

food /chatarra

Salt Sal Spaghetti / Pasta Espaguetis / Pasta

Sugar Azúcar Pork Cerdo

Soda Gaseosa Beef Carne de res

Egg Huevo Honey Miel

 Oil Aceite A bottle of Una botella de

Juice Jugo A cup of Una taza de

Cake Torta, pastel A piece of Un pedazo de

Candy Dulce A glass of Un vaso de

Lollipop Paleta A lot of Mucho

Jelly Gelatina, jalea Lots of Mucho

Jello Gelatina A bit of Un poco de

Jam Mermelada A little bit of Un poquitico de

Ice cream Helado BBQ ribs Costillas BBQ

Hot Dog Milkshake Batido

French fries Papás a la francesa Sausage Salchicha

Colombian Traditional Food (Beverage)

● Empanada
● Tamal
● Salchipapa: chopped sausage & French fries

Countable & Uncountable

Nouns can be countable or uncountable. Countable nouns can be counted, e.g. an

apple, two apples, three apples, etc. Uncountable nouns cannot be counted,
e.g. air, rice, water, etc. When you learn a new noun, you should check if it is countable or
uncountable and note how it is used in a sentence.

Countable nouns
For affirmative sentences we can use a/an for singular nouns or some for plurals.

There is a man at the door

I have some friends in New York.

For negative sentences we can use a/an for singular nouns or any for plurals.

I don't have a dog.
There aren't any seats.
Uncountable nouns
Here are some examples of uncountable nouns:

bread rice coffee information

money advice luggage furniture

We use some with uncountable nouns in affirmative sentences and any with negative

sentences.

There's some milk in the fridge.

There isn't any coffee.

Questions
In questions we use a/an, any or how many with countable nouns.

Is there an email address to write to?

Are there any chairs?
How many chairs are there?

And we use any or how much with uncountable nouns.

Is there any sugar?
How much orange juice is there?

But when we are offering something or asking for something, we normally use some.

Do you want some chocolate?
Can we have some more chairs, please?
THERE IS / THERE ARE

Utilizamos “there is” y “there are” para expresar la existencia de algo, tal y como se

hace en español con el verbo “haber” en situaciones como esta: There’s somebody at the
door. (Hay alguien a la puerta). También se emplean para preguntar acerca de la
existencia de algo, como en: Are there any questions? (¿[Hay] alguna pregunta?).

La otra diferencia es que en inglés existen dos formas, “there is” y “there are”,

dependiendo de si el complemento directo está en singular o en plural.

There is – Hay (Singular)

There are – Hay (Plural)

● There is a house / Hay una casa

● There are dogs / Hay perros

● There is some milk / Hay (algo de) leche

● There aren’t any of these books (No hay ninguno de estos libros)

● There isn’t any treatment (No hay ningún tratamiento)