EN UN RESTAURANTE

PROFESORA JOSEFINA
In a Restaurant
EN UN RESTAURANTE
 Spanish 2 Notes for Week 3
 – 21 desde de agosto hasta 24 de 2019

 Word Lists: En un restaurant
 (In a Restaurant)

 Nouns:
 el almuerzo - lunch
 el/la amigo(a) - friend
 el/la azúcar - sugar
 el bisté, el bistec - beefsteak
 la caja – cash register
 el/la camarero(a) – waiter, waitress
 la carta - menu
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a la carta – a la carte
 la cerveza - beer
 la comida – food, meal
 la crema - cream
 la cuenta - bill
 la ensalada - salad
 el filete, el bisté – fillet, steak
 el flan – custard
 la fruta - fruit
 la heladería – ice cream store
 el helado – ice cream
 el jamón - ham
 la langosta - lobster
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la lechuga- lettuce
los legumbres - vegetables
el menu - menu
el/la mesero(a) – waiter, waitress
el/la mozo(a) – waiter, waitress
la nieve (México) – ice cream
la nievería (México) – ice cream
store
las papas fritas – French fries
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la patata - potato
el postre - dessert
el sabor – taste, flavor
la salsa - sauce
la sopa- soup
el tomate - tomato
los vegetales - vegetables
las verduras – greens, (green)
vegetables
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 hablar – to speak
 leer – to read
 ordenar – to order
 pagar – to pay
 pasar – to pass
 salir – to leave, go out
 ser – to be
 subir – to go up, climb
 tomar – to take, drink
 tomado(a) - drunk
 trabajar – to work
 usar – to use
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 algo - something
 allí – there, over there
 aquí - here
 blando(a) – tender, soft
 ¡cómo no! – of course
 delicioso(a) - delicious
 dos - two
 excelente - excellent
 fresco(a) - fresh
 también - also
 tarde - late
 la tarde - afternoon
 verde - green
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NOTAS:
1. Almuerzo (lunch) is the main meal of the
day in Spanish-speaking countries. It is served
between one and three o’clock in the afternoon
depending on the country and the time of the
year. This meal is more commonly called
comida, a word that also means food in
general.
2. Azúcar is one of a few nouns that is
masculine in some countries and feminine in
others. So el azúcar is as correct as la azúcar.
EN UN RESTAURANTE
3. Camarero (a) is the traditional word for
waiter (waitress); but in some countries
people use mesero(a), and in others
mozo(a). For many years in a typical
restaurant in a Spanish-speaking country
there were only camareros, but in the last
ten years or so, women have been admitted
to this kind of work.
4. Filete is the traditional word for steak,
but bistec, from the English beefsteak, has
been used for years. The Real Academia de
la Lengua prefers the spelling bisté.
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5. Helado is the international Spanish word
for ice cream. In Mexico people say nieve
(snow) instead. Nievería or heladería is the
place where ice cream is sold.
6. Menú is the modern term for menu.
Some countries use carta, which gave rise
to the expression a la carta (a la carte).
7. In Spain, people say patata for potato. In
Latin-American countries, they say papas.
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8. Postre means dessert in English. In
Spanish-speaking countries, where a lot of
fruit is consumed, dessert traditionally
consists of fruit.

9. Vegetales is the Spanish word for

vegetables in general. In some countries
people use legumbres (legumes, like peas or
beans) or verduras (greens, like escarole or
chicory) to mean all vegetables.
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10. Beber is the general word for to drink.
In some countries, people use beber for
alcoholic drinks and tomar for non-
alcoholic ones. In some other countries
people use the words the other way around.
Consequently, bebido and tomado both
mean drunk
11. Blando is an example of a false
cognate. It does not mean bland but tender,
soft. The word for bland is insípido.
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Grammar I The Three Conjugations
•Present Indicative of Regular –ar Verbs
A. The three conjugations
1. FIRST CONJUGATION: Verbs ending
in –ar, such as hablar (to speak)
2. SECOND CONJUGATION: Verbs
ending in –er, such as comer (to eat)
3. THIRD CONJUGATION: Verbs
ending in –ir, such as vivir (to live)
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B. Present indicative of regular-ar verbs
hablar to speak

yo habl o I speak, am
speaking
tú habl as you speak, are
speaking
él/ella habl a He/she speaks, is
speaking
Ud. you speak, are
speaking
nosotros (as) habl amos We speak, are
vosotros habláis you speaking
ellos/ellas/ habl an they/you speak, are
Uds. speaking
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Note that:
1. The stem habl- is the same for all the
persons, and it doesn’t change for the
different tenses. This is why we call hablar
a regular verb.
2. The endings identify the persons and tense:
-o means yo (I); -amos means nosotros(as)
(we); -as means tú (familiar you); -a means
él, ella, usted, (he, she, you) and –an means
ellos, ellas, ustedes (they, you). These
endings are not the same in all the tenses.
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3. Since the subject pronoun information is given by
the verb ending, we omit the subject pronouns
unless we want to add emphasis to the subject.
For example: Tú hablas español means
You speak Spanish (giving emphasis by raising the
voice on you).
C. Uses of the present indicative
1. The present indicative is used to indicate an
action in progress at the time of speaking.
Notice that the progressive form is mandatory in
English in this case.
Ex: Hablo español ahora.
(I am speaking Spanish now)
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2. The present indicative is used to show a habit,
something we continue doing. In this case, to show
a habit or custom, we use the simple present in
English.
Ex: Hablo español siempre.
(I speak Spanish all the time)
3. The present indicative can be used for an action
in the future, but an adverb or a context to
differentiate it from the present is needed. This use
is very common in Spanish
Ex: Mañana hablo con usted.
(I will speak with you tomorrow)
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4. The present indicative also translates the
emphatic I do speak by raising the voice on
the verb or by adding an adverb such as sí
(indeed), ciertamente (certainly), and so
on.
Ex: Elena sí habla inglés.
(Helen does speak English)
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Grammar II
Regular Verbs Ending in –er and –ir

A. The present indicative of comer and vivir

The regular verb comer (to eat) is a second
conjugation verb, ending in –er in the
infinitive. The regular verb vivir (to live) is a
third conjugation verb ending in –ir. These two
kinds of verbs share the same endings in
almost all the tenses. Memorize their present
indicatives.
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com er viv ir
(to eat) ( to live)
Yo com o viv o
tú com es viv es
él/ella/Ud. com e viv e
nosotros(as) com emos viv imos

vosotros com éis viv ís

ellos/ellas/Uds. com en viv en
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Note that:
1. The stem of comer is com-, and the stem of
vivir is viv-. The stem carries the meaning of
the verb. Both stems stay the same in all the
persons and tenses: present, past, future.
2. The endings are very similar to those of the
first conjugation: -o means yo; -emos and –
imos means nosotros(as); -es means tú; -e
means él/ella/Ud.; and –en means
ellos/ellas/Uds.
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3. The endings of comer and vivir are the same
in all the persons except the first person plural:
com emos vs viv imos. The difference is the
same as in the infinitive:
e vs. i.
Uses of the present indicative
The uses of the present indicative are the same
for second – (comer) and third-conjugation
(vivir) verbs as they are for first-conjugation
(hablar) ones. In fact, they are the same for all
the verbs in the language, including the ones
that are just being coined, like faxear (to fax).
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Let’s review these uses:
1. An action in progress.
2. An action as a habit.
3. An action in the future
4. The present indicative translates the
English emphatic form do + (verb) by
raising the voice on the verb or by
adding an adverb such as sí
(sure,indeed), ciertamente (certainly),
and so on.
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 Ser and estar (to be) in present indicative
S er Est ar
(to be) (to be)

yo s oy est oy I am
tú er es est ás you are
él/ella es est á he/she/it
Ud. you are
nosotros s omos est amos we are
(as)
vosotros s ois est áis you are
ellos/ellas s on est án they
Uds. you are
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Note that:
1. These two verbs are irregular because they
don’t follow the conjugations of regular –ar,
and –er verbs. They have changes in the stems
and in the endings.
2. Like to be, ser and estar are irregular in more
ways than other verbs are. However, you will
learn all these irregular forms easily, because
you will use them often.
3. The first person ending for both verbs is –oy
instead of –o as in hablo, vivo, leo.
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4. Estar has three forms written accent:
estás, está, están.
B. Uses of ser and estar
1. Ser is used to identify a person, an animal, a
concept, a thing, or any noun.
Example: Esto es un lápiz.
2. Estar is used to show the location of a person,
animal, or thing.
Example: El lápiz está aquí.
3. Ser is used with an adjective to show that a
characteristic is the norm for the noun.
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Examples: La nieve es blanca. (Snow is white).
Roberto es mexicano. (Robert is Mexican)
4. Estar is used with an adjective to show the
characteristic is a change or a condition.
Example: Esta nieve está roja.
Esta hierba está verde.
5. Ser is used with the preposition de to indicate:
a) Origin: Esta langosta es de Chile.
b) Material: La mesa es de plástico.
c) Possession: La casa es de mi amigo.