G@G D

_JIE@CZNZ@I

  _n`sjit`
_n`sjit` mjrup`l`i
mjrup`l`i g`fd`i
g`fd`i y`if s`if`t pjitdif
pjitdif g`fd pjrtumguc
pjrtumguc`i
`i e`i
 pjrljmg`if`i k`idi. _n`sjit` mjmdndld pjr`i sjg`f`d tjmp`t pjrtul`r`i z`t,
 pjifc`sdn cbrmbi y`if gjrfui` sjn`m` ljc`mdn`i, e`i sjg`f`d g`rdjr 0. Mjndc`t
 pjitdifiy` pjr`i`i pn`sjit`, m`l` gdn` tjrk`ed ljn`di`i p`e` pn`sjit` `l`i
mjiy
mjiyjg
jg`g
`gl`
l`i
i f`
f`if
iffu
fu`i
`i pj
pjrt
rtum
umgu
guc`
c`i
i k`idi
k`idi `t
`t`u
`upu
pui
i mjif
mjiff`
f`if
iffu
fu pr
prbs
bsjs
js
 pjrs`ndi`i. Ljn`di`i p`e` pn`sjit` e`p`t gjrup` f`iffu`i huifsd e`rd pn`sjit`,
f`iffu`i
f`iffu`i dmpn`it`sd
dmpn`it`sd pn`sjit`,
pn`sjit`, m`upui
m`upui pjnjp`s`i pn`sjit`
pn`sjit` sjgjnum
sjgjnum w`ltuiy`
w`ltuiy`
y`if edsjgut sbnusdb pn`sjit`7.
  Qbnusdb pn`sjit` `e`n`c tjrnjp`siy` sjg`fd`i `t`u sjnuruc pjrmul``i m`tjri`n
 pn`sjit` e`rd tjmp`t dmpn`it`sdiy` y`if ibrm`n p`e` n`pds`i ejsdeu`
jiebmjtrdum sjgjnum w`ltuiy` y`lid `it`r` mdiffu 77 e`i n`cdriy` `i`l 0,7.
  Disdejisd
Disdejisd sbnusdb
sbnusdb pn`sjit`
pn`sjit` gjrv`rd`sd
gjrv`rd`sd ed sjnuruc
sjnuruc euid`.
euid`. Hrjlujisd
Hrjlujisd sbnusdb
sbnusdb
 pn`sjit` ed @mjrdl` Qjrdl`t e`i ed sjnuruc euid` mjiejl`td 0%. Q``t did
ljm`td`
ljm`td`i
i m`tjri
m`tjri`n
`n `ld
`ldg`t
g`t sbnusd
sbnusdb
b pn`sji
pn`sjit`
t` mjiejl
mjiejl`td
`td 8%. Qbnusd
Qbnusdb
b pn`sji
pn`sjit`
t`
mjru
mjrup`
p`l`
l`i
i s`n`c
s`n`c s`tu
s`tu pj
pjiy
iyjg
jg`g
`g pj
pjre
re`r
`r`c
`c`i
`i `i
`itj
tjp`
p`rt
rtum
um y`
y`if
if mjmg
mjmgjrd
jrdl`
l`i
i
lbitrdgusd tjrc`e`p ljm`td`i m`tjri`n e`i pjrdi`t`n ed Diebijsd`. _`e` t`cui
7?03-7?0
7?03-7?04,
4, trji `ifl` ljm`td`i
ljm`td`i dgu ed Diebijsd`
Diebijsd` edpjrldr`l`i
edpjrldr`l`i 1?: pjr 0???
ljn`cdr`i cdeup.. Ed ijf`r` gjrljmg`if, pjiyjg`g ljm`td`i y`if edsjg`gl`i
bnjc
bnjc lbmpnd
lbmpndl`s
l`sdd ljc`md
ljc`mdn`i
n`i,, pjrs`nd
pjrs`ndi`i
i`i,, idh`s
idh`s `e`n`c
`e`n`c pjre`r
pjre`r`c`
`c`i,
i, dihjls
dihjlsd,
d, prj-
prj-
jln`msd/jln`msd. Qjn`di dtu ljm`td`i m`tjri`n kuf` edpjif`rucd bnjc pjn`y`i`i
ljsjc`t`i, sbsdbjlbibmd, usd` dgu c`mdn, e`i p`rdt`s 1.

0
 

G@G DD
UDIK@Z@I _ZQU@L@

7.0 Qbnusdb _n`sjit`

7.0.0 Ejhdidsd
  Ujrnjp`siy`
jrnjp`siy` sjg`fd`i
sjg`fd`i `t`u sjnuruc
sjnuruc pjrmul``i
pjrmul``i m`tjri`n
m`tjri`n pn`sjit`
pn`sjit` e`rd tjmp`t
dmpn`it`sdi
dmpn`it`sdiy`
y` y`if ibrm`n p`e` sjgjnum w`ltuiy` y`lid `it`r` mdiffu 7? e`i
ibrm`n tjrnjp`s sjtjn`c g`yd n`cdr 0,7,1,:.
n`cdriy` `i`l. _n`sjit` sja`r` ibrm`n
 I`m` n`di y`if sjrdif edpjrfui`l`i, y`dtu `gru
`gruptdb
ptdb pn`ajit`j,
pn`ajit`j, `gn`tdb
`gn`tdb
 pn`ajit`j, `aadejit`n c`jmbrrc`fj, prjm`turj
prjm`turj sjp`r`tdbi bh tcj ibrm`nny
dmpn`itje pn`ajit`1.

F`mg`r 7.0 Qbnusdb _n`sjit`

7.0.7 Ln`sdhdl`sd
  _n`sjit` e`p`t tjrnjp`s c`iy` p`e` pdiffdriy` s`k` (ruptur` sdius m`rfdi`nds),
e`p`t
e`p`t pun`
pun` tjrnjp`
tjrnjp`ss njgdc
njgdc nu`s
nu`s (sbnus
(sbnusdb
db pn`sji
pn`sjit`
t` p`rsd`n
p`rsd`nds),
ds), `t`u
`t`u gds`
gds` sjnuruc
sjnuruc
 pjrmul``i m`tjri`n pn`sjit` tjrnjp`s (sbnusdb pn`sjit` tbt`nds). _jre`r`c`i y`if
tjrk
tjrk`e
`edd `l
`l`i
`i mjrjm
mjrjmgj
gjss `i
`it`r
t`r`` pn`sj
pn`sjit
it`` e`
e`i
i mdbm
mdbmjt
jtrd
rdum
um ui
uitu
tul
l sjtjru
sjtjrusi
siy`
y`
mjiyjndi`p
mjiyjndi`p ed g`w`c sjn`put ljtug`i e`i `lcdriy` mjmpjrbnjc
mjmpjrbnjc k`n`i lj l`i`nds
l`i`nds
sjrvd
sjrvdl`
l`nd
ndss e`
e`i
i lj
ljnu
nu`r
`r mjn`
mjn`nud
nud v`
v`fd
fdi`
i`,, mjiy
mjiyjg
jg`g
`gl`
l`i
i pj
pjre
re`r
`r`c
`c`i
`i jl
jlst
stjri
jri`n
`n

cjmbrrc`fj)7 (F`mg`r 7.7).
(rjvj`nje cjmbrrc`fj)

7
 

 
F`mg`r 7.7 Qbnusdb _n`sjit` Ejif`i _jre`r`c`i Jlstjri`n

T`if njgdc k`r`if,

k`r`if, kdl` g`fd`i pn`sjit`
pn`sjit` sjldt`r
sjldt`r pjre`r`c`i
pjre`r`c`i m`sdc mjnjl`t
mjnjl`t
 p`e` ediedif r`cdm, e`r`c tde`l ljnu`r e`rd utjrus, tjt`pd tjrt`c`i ed `it`r`
 pn`sjit` y`if tjrnjp`s e`i utjrus sjcdiff` mjiyjg`gl`i pjre`r`c`i tjrsjmguiyd
(abiaj`nje
(abiaj`nje cjmbrrc`
cjmbrrc`fj)
fj)   y`
y`if
if e`
e`p`
p`tt tjrk
tjrk`e
`edd p`
p`rsd
rsd`n
`n (F`m
(F`mg`
g`rr 7.
7.1)
1) `t
`t`u
`u tb
tbt`
t`nn
(F`mg`r 7.5)5,:.

1
 

 
F`mg`r 7.1 Qbnusdb _n`sjit` _`rsd`n Edsjrt`d _jre`r`c`i Ujrsjmguiyd
Qbnusdb pn`sjit` ejif`i pjre`r`c`i tjrtutup tjrk`ed kdl` 7;
0. G`fd`i pn`sjit`
pn`sjit` sjldt`r
sjldt`r pjre`r`c`i
pjre`r`c`i m`sdc mjnjl`t
mjnjl`t p`e` ediedi
ediedif
f r`cdm
7. Qjn`pu
Qjn`putt ljtug`i
ljtug`i m`sdc
m`sdc mjnjl
mjnjl`t
`t p`e`
p`e` ediedif
ediedif r`cdm
r`cdm
1. _jre`r`c`i
_jre`r`c`i m`sul
m`sul lj e`n`m
e`n`m l`itbif
l`itbif ljtug`i
ljtug`i sjtjn`c
sjtjn`c sjn`put
sjn`put ljtug`i
ljtug`i pja`c
pja`c
5. G`fd`i tjrg`w`c
tjrg`w`c k`idi,
k`idi, umumiy`
umumiy` ljp`n`,
ljp`n`, mjijmpjn
mjijmpjn ljt`t p`e` sjfmji
sjfmji g`w`c
g`w`c
r`cdm.
_jre`r`c`i y`if tjrsjmguiyd gd`s`iy` mjidmgunl`i g`c`y` y`if njgdc

 gjs`r g`fd dgu, tde`l s`k` l`rji` ljmuifldi`i lb`funbp`td lbisumptdh tjt`pd kuf`
l`rji` kumn`c e`r`c y`if ljnu`r sundt edpjrldr`l`i 5.

5
 

F`mg`r 7.5 Qbnusdb _n`sjit` U

Ubt`n
bt`n Edsjrt`d _jre`r`c`i U
Ujrsjmguiyd
jrsjmguiyd

  Qja`r` lndids sbnusdb pn`sjit` edg`fd lj e`n`m gjr`t rdif`iiy` f`mg`r`i lndidl 
sjsu`d ejif`i nu`siy` pjrmul``i pn`sijt` y`if tjrnjp`s, y`dtu sbnusdb pn`sjit`
rdif`i, sje`if, e`i gjr`t7.
`. Qbnu
Qbnusd
sdb
b pn`sj
pn`sjit
it`` rdif`
rdif`i
i
  Nu`s pn`sjit`
pn`sjit` y`if tjrnjp`s
tjrnjp`s tde`l s`mp`d 7:% `t`u `e` y`if mjiyjgutl`
mjiyjgutl`i
i
lur`if e`rd 0/8 g`fd`i. Kumn`c e`r`c y`if ljnu`r gd`s`iy` lur`if e`rd 7:? mn.
Fjk`n`
Fjk`n`-fjk
-fjk`n`
`n` sul`r
sul`r edgje`
edgje`l`i
l`i e`rd
e`rd pn`sji
pn`sjit`
t` prjvd`
prjvd` ljau`n
ljau`ndd w`ri`
w`ri` e`r`c
e`r`c y`if
y`if
ljcdt`m`m. Lbmpndl`sd tjrc`e`p dgu e`i k`idi gjnum `e`.

 g. Qbnusdb _n`sjit` Qje`if

  Nu`s pn`sjit`
pn`sjit` y`if tjrnjp`s
tjrnjp`s tjn`c mjnjgdcd
mjnjgdcd 7:%, i`mui gjnum mjia`p`d
mjia`p`d
sjp`ruciy` (:?%). Kumn`c e`r`c y`if ljnu`r njgdc g`iy`l e`rd 7:? mn tjt`pd
 gjnum mjia`p`d 0??? mn. Fjk`n`-fjk`n` e`i t`ie`-t`ie` sue`c kjn`s sjpjrtd iyjrd
 p`e` pjrut y`if tjrus-mjijrus, ejiyut k`idi mjik`ed ajp`t, cdpbtjisd, e`i
t`ldl`red.
a. Qbnu
Qbnusd
sdb
b _n`s
_n`sji
jit`
t` Gjr
Gjr`t
`t
  Nu`s pn`sjit`
pn`sjit` y`if tjrnjp`s
tjrnjp`s sue`c mjnjgdcd
mjnjgdcd :?%, e`i kumn`c
kumn`c e`r`c y`if
ljnu`r mjnjgdcd 0??? mn. Fjk`n` e`i t`ie` lndidl kjn`s, lj`e``i umum edsjrt`d

:
 

sybl, e`i c`mpdr sjmu` k`idiiy` tjn`c mjidiff`n. Lbmpndl`sd lb`funbp`td e`i
f`f`n fdik`n y`if edt`ie`d p`e` bndfburd gd`s`iy` tjn`c `e`.

7.0.1 _rjv`njisd
  Disdejisd sbnusdb pn`sjit` gjrv`rd`sd ed sjnuruc euid`. Ljk`ed`iiy` gjrv`rd`sd
e`rd 0 ed `it`r` 6: s`mp`d 31? pjrs`ndi`i.
pjrs`ndi`i. Hrjlujisd
Hrjlujisd sbnusdb pn`sjit` ed @mjrdl`
Qjrdl`t e`i ed sjnuruc euid` mjiejl`td 0%. Qbnusdb pn`sjit` mjrup`l`i s`n`c
s`tu pjiyjg
pjiyjg`g
`g pjre`r
pjre`r`c`
`c`i
i `itjp`
`itjp`rtu
rtum
m y`if
y`if mjmgjr
mjmgjrdl`
dl`i
i lbitrd
lbitrdgus
gusdd tjrc`e
tjrc`e`p
`p
ljm`td`i m`tjri`n e`i pjrdi`t`n ed Diebijsd`. Q``t did ljm`td`i m`tjri`n `ldg`t
sbnusdb pn`sjit` mjiejl`td 8%. Qbnusdb pn`sjit` mjrup`l`i pjiyjg`g 7?-1:%
ljm`td`i pjrdi`t`n1,5.
  _`e` t`cui 0433 ljm`td`i m`tjri`n ed Diebijsd` edpjrldr`l`i 5:? pjr 0??.???
ljn`cdr`i cdeup. @ifl` tjrsjgut tjrtdiffd ed @QJ@I (:-057 pjr 0??.???) e`i :?-
0?? l`nd njgdc tdiffd e`rd `ifl` ljm`td`i m`tjri`n ed ijf`r` m`ku. Ed ijf`r`
 gjrljmg`if, pjiyjg`g ljm`td`i y`if edsjg`gl`i bnjc lbmpndl`sd ljc`mdn`i,
 pjrs`ndi`i, idh`s `e`n`c pjre`r`c`i, dihjlsd, prj-jln`msd/jln`msd. Qjn`di dtu
ljm`td`i m`tjri`n kuf` edpjif`rucd bnjc pjn`y`i`i ljsjc`t`i, sbsdbjlbibmd, usd`
dgu c`mdn, e`i p`rdt`s1.
Qbnusdb pn`sjit` sjrdif gjrun`if p`e` ljc`mdn`i gjrdlutiy`. Ljk`ed`iiy`
tjra`t`
tjra`t`tt sjgjs`r
sjgjs`r 0 ed `it`r`
`it`r` 3 ljc`mdn`i1. I`mui,
ljc`mdn`i I`mui, disdej
disdejisd
isd sbnusd
sbnusdb
b pn`sjit
pn`sjit``
ajiejruif mjiurui ejif`i sjm`ldi g`dliy` pjr`w`t`i `itji`t`n sjk`n`i ejif`i
sjm`ldi mjiuruiiy` kumn`c dgu c`mdn usd` e`i p`rdt`s tdiffd e`i mjmg`dliy`
ljs`e`r`i m`sy`r`l`t gjrpjrdn`lu njgdc cdfdjids 7.

7.0.5 Jtdbnbfd
  Qjg`g prdmjr e`rd sbnusdb pn`sjit` tde`l edljt`cud , tjt`pd tjre`p`t gjgjr`p`
lj`e``
lj`e``i
i p`tbnb
p`tbnbfdl
fdl y`if
y`if tjrndc
tjrndc`t
`t njgdc
njgdc sjrdif
sjrdif gjrs`m
gjrs`m`` ejif`i
ejif`i `t`u mjiyjr
mjiyjrt`d
t`d
sbnusdb pn`sjit` e`i ed`iff`p sjg`f`d h`ltbr rdsdlb (U`gjn 7.0), sjpjrtd cdpjrtjisd,
7,5
rdw`y`t tr`um`, ljgd`s``i mjrblbl, usd` dgu, e`i p`rdt`s y`if tdiffd .
 

8
 

H`ltbr Wdsdlb Cuguif`i ejif`i rdsdlb

Mjidifl`tiy` us
usd` e`
e`i p`
p`rdt`s 0.1‑0.:

_rjjln`mpsd` 7.0‑5.?

Cdpjrtjisd lrbidl 0.3‑1.?

Ljtug`i pja`c edid 7.5‑5.4

Ljc`mdn`i f`ie` 7.0

Cderb`midbi 7.?

V`idt` pjrblbl 0.5‑0.4

Urbmgbhdnd` 1‑6

_jiffui``i lbl`di I@

Wdw`y`t sbnusdb pn`sjit` 0?‑7:

Mdbm` edgjn`l`if pn`sjit` 3 e`rd 05

Ur`um` `gebmji
`gebmji e`n`m
e`n`m ljc`mdn
ljc`mdn`i
`i K`r`if

U`gjn 7.0 H`ltbr Wdsdlb Qbnusdb _n`sjit` 7

  Qjpjrtd
Qjpjrtd edpjrndc`tl
edpjrndc`tl`i
`i ed Fr`hdl 7.0, disdejisdiy
disdejisdiy`` mjidifl`t
mjidifl`t sjdrdif ejif`i
ejif`i
usd` dgu. Mjsld _rtdac`re ell. (0440) kuf` mjmpjrndc`tl`i g`cw` disdeji njgdc
tdiffd p`e` w`idt` ejif`i p`rdt`s tdiffd, Ubbcjy ell. (044:) tde`l mjie`p`tl`i
c`n did p`e` w`idt` y`if mjmdndld : `i`l `t`u njgdc :.

6
 

Fr`hdl 7.0 Disdejisd Qbnusdb _n`sjit` e`i _n`sjit` _rjvd`

7.0.: _`tbhdsdbnbfd

  Qbnusdb
Qbnusdb pn`sjit`
pn`sjit` mjrup`l`i
mjrup`l`i c`sdn `lcdr e`rd su`tu prbsjs y`if gjrmun`
gjrmun` e`rd
su`tu lj`e``i y`if m`mpu mjmds`cl`i vdnd-vdnd lbrd`nds pn`sjit` e`rd tjmp`t
dmpn`it`sdiy` p`e` ejsdeu` g`s`nds sjcdiff` tjrk`ed pjre`r`c`i. Bnjc l`rji` dtu
 p`tbhdsdbnbfdiy` gjrf`ituif p`e` jtdbnbfd. _`e` tr`um` `gebmji jtdbnbfdiy` kjn`s
l`rji` rbgjliy` pjmgunuc e`r`c ejsdeu` 7.
  E`n`m g`iy`l ljk`ed`i pjre`r`c`i gjr`s`n e`rd ljm`td`i sjn (`pbptbsds) y`if
edsj
edsjg`
g`gl
gl`i
`i bnjc
bnjc ds
dslj
ljmd
md`` e`i
e`i cdpb
cdpbls
lsd`
d`.. Qj
Qjmu
mu`` pj
pjiy
iy`l
`ldt
dt dg
dgu
u y`
y`if
if e`
e`p`
p`tt
mjiyjg`gl`i pjmgjitul`i trbmgbsds e`n`m pjmgunuc e`r`c ejsdeu` `t`u e`n`m
v`
v`slu
slun`
n`rr vdnd
vdnd e`
e`p`
p`tt gj
gjru
ruku
kuif
if lj
ljp`
p`e`
e` dsljm
dsljmd`
d` e`
e`i
i cd
cdpb
pbls
lsd`
d` sjtjm
sjtjmp`
p`tt y`
y`if
if
mjiyjg`gl`i ljm`td`i sjkumn`c sjn e`i mjif`ldg`tl`i pjre`r`c`i sjg`f`d c`sdn
`lcdr. _jre`r`c`i tjrsjgut mjiyjg`gl`i ejsdeu` g`s`nds tjrnjp`s ljau`nd sjn`pds`i
tdpds
tdpds y`if
y`if tjt`p
tjt`p mjnjl`t
mjnjl`t p`e`
p`e` mdbmjt
mdbmjtrdu
rdum.
m. Ejif`i
Ejif`i ejmdld
ejmdld`i,
`i, p`e`
p`e` tdifl`
tdifl`tt
 pjrmun``i sjl`nd e`rd prbsjs tjredrd `t`s pjmgjitul`i cjm`tbm y`if gds`
mjiyjg`gl`i pjnjp`s`i y`if njgdc nu`s, lbmprjsd e`i ljrus`l`i p`e` g`fd`i
 pn`sjit` y`if gjrejl`t`i. _`e` `w`niy` muifldi gjnum `e` fjk`n` ljau`nd
tjre`p`t cjm`tbm p`e` g`fd`i gjn`l`if pn`sjit` y`if g`ru n`cdr. E`n`m gjgjr`p`
ljk`ed`i pjmgjitul`i cjm`tbm rjtrbpn`sjit` edsjg`gl`i bnjc putusiy` `rtjrd`
spdr`nds
spdr`nds e`n`m ejsdeu`.
ejsdeu`. Cjm`tbm`
Cjm`tbm` rjtrbpn`sjit
rjtrbpn`sjit`` mjmpjif`ru
mjmpjif`rucd
cd pjiy`mp`d`i
pjiy`mp`d`i
iutrdsd e`i blsdfji e`rd sdrlun`sd m`tjri`n/pn`sjit` lj sdrlun`sd k`idi. Cjm`tbm`

3
 

y`if tjrgjitul ejif`i ajp`t mjnu`s e`i mjnjp`sl`i pn`sjit` njgdc nu`s/g`iy`l 
s`mp`d
s`mp`d lj pdiffd
pdiffdriy
riy`` sjcdif
sjcdiff`
f` e`r`c
e`r`c y`if
y`if ljnu`r
ljnu`r mjrjmg
mjrjmgjs
js `it`r`
`it`r` sjn`put
sjn`put
ljtug
ljtug`i
`i e`i mdbmjt
mdbmjtrdum
rdum e`i sjn`ik
sjn`ikuti
utiy`
y` ljnu`r
ljnu`r mjn`nu
mjn`nudd sjrvdls
sjrvdls lj v`fdi`
v`fdi`
(rjvj`nje cjmbrrc`fj).
cjmbrrc`fj). _jre`r`c`i tde`l gds` gjrcjitd l`rji` utjrus y`if n`fd
mjif`ieuif tde`l m`mpu gjrlbitr`lsd uitul mjikjpdt pjmgunuc `rtjrd` spdr`nds
y`if tjrputus. V`n`upui
V`n`upui k`r`if tjre`p`t pjre`r`c`i tdiff`n tjrpjr`ifl`p ed e`n`m
utjrus (abiaj`nje cjmbrrc`fj)7,5.
(abiaj`nje cjmbrrc`fj)
  Idlbtdi
Idlbtdi e`i lbl`di
lbl`di ljeu`iy`
ljeu`iy` e`p`t mjiyjg`gl
mjiyjg`gl`i
`i v`sblbistrdl
v`sblbistrdlsd
sd y`if gds`
mjiyjg`gl`i dsljmd` e`i p`e` pn`sjit` sjrdif edkump`d gjrm`a`m njsd sjpjrtd
dih`rl, blsde`tdh strjs, `pbptbsds, e`i ijlrbsds, y`if ljsjmu`iy` did gjrpbtjisd
mjrus`l cuguif`i utjrus ejif`i pn`sjit` y`if gjrukuif ljp`e` sbnusdb pn`sjit`.
Edn`pb
Edn`pbrl`
rl`i
i mjrblb
mjrblbl
l gjrpjr
gjrpjr`i
`i p`e`
p`e` 0:% s`mp`d
s`mp`d 7:% e`rd
e`rd disdej
disdejisd
isd sbnusd
sbnusdb
b
mji`dll`i disdeji mjik`ed 5?%7.
 pn`sjit`. Mjrblbl s`tu guiflus pjrc`rd mji`dll`i

7.0.8 Fjk`n` Lndidl 

  Fjk`n` e`i t`ie` lndids
lndids y`if ln`sdl e`rd sbnusdb
sbnusdb pn`sjit`
pn`sjit` `e`n`c tjrk`ediy`
tjrk`ediy`
 pjre`r`c`i y`if gjrw`ri` tu` ljnu`r mjn`nud v`fdi` (3?% l`sus), iyjrd pjrut e`i
utjrus tjf`if tjrus-mjijrus mdrdp cds p`rtus prjm`turus 7.
Lur`if
Lur`if njgdc
njgdc 1?% pjiejr
pjiejrdt`
dt` sbnusd
sbnusdb
b pn`sjit
pn`sjit`` rdif`i
rdif`i tde`l
tde`l `t`u sjedldt
sjedldt y`if
y`if
mjiuikull`i fjk`n`. _`e` lj`e```i y`if s`if`t rdif`i tde`l `e` fjk`n` ljau`nd
cjm`tbm y`if gjrulur`i gjgjr`p` sjitdmjtjr tjre`p`t p`e` pjrmul``i m`tjri`n
 pn`sjit`. W`s` iyjrd p`e` pjrut m`sdc rdif`i e`i e`r`c y`if ljnu`r m`sdc sj
sjedldt,
edldt,
sjcdi
sjcdiff
ff`` gj
gjnu
num
m lj
ljnu
nu`r
`r e`
e`rd
rd v`
v`fd
fdi`
i`.. Iyjrd
Iyjrd y`
y`if
if gj
gjnu
num
m tj
tjr`s
r`s`` mjiy
mjiyun
undt
dtl`
l`i
i
mjmgje
mjmgje`l`
`l`iiy
iiy`` ejif`i
ejif`i pn`sji
pn`sjit`
t` prjvd`
prjvd` ljau`n
ljau`ndd e`r`c
e`r`c y`if
y`if ljnu`r
ljnu`r gjrw`r
gjrw`ri`
i`
mjr`c sjf`r p`e` pn`sjit` prjvd`. U`ie` vdt`n dgu e`i k`idi m`sdc g`dl. _`e`
dispjlsd e`i `uslunt`sd tde`l edkump`d ljn`di`i ljau`nd p`e` p`np`sd sjedldt tjr`s`
iyjrd nbl`n p`e` tjmp`t tjrgjituliy` cjm`tbm. L`e`r hdgrdibfji e`r`c e`n`m
 g`t`s ibrm`n y`dtu 1:? mf%. V`n`upui gjnum mjmjrnul`i ditjrvjisd sjfjr`
lj`e``
lj`e``i
i rdif`i
rdif`i did pjrnu
pjrnu edmbi
edmbidtb
dtbrr tjrus
tjrus sjg`f`
sjg`f`dd up`y`
up`y` mjiejt
mjiejtjlsd
jlsd lj`e``
lj`e``i
i
 gjrt`mg`c gjr`t. _jmjrdls``i untr`sbibfr`hd gjrfui` uitul mjiydifldrl`i
 pn`sjit` prjvd` e`i muifldi gds` mjiejtjlsd nu`siy` sbnusdb tjrut`m` p`e`
sbnusdb pn`sjit` sje`if `t`u gjr`t 7,5,:.

4
 

  Fjk`n` e`i t`ie` p`e` sbnusdb

sbnusdb pn`sjit`
pn`sjit` sje`if
sje`if sjpjrtd r`s` iyjrd p`e` pjrut
y`if tjrus-mjijrus,
tjrus-mjijrus, ejiyut k`ituif
k`ituif k`idi gd`s`iy` tjn`c mjiuikull
mjiuikull`i
`i f`w`t
 k`idi, pjre`r`c`i y`if ljnu`r t`mp`l njgdc g`iy`l, t`ldl`red`, cdpbtjisd, lundt
edifdi, bndfurd` mun`d `e`, l`e`r hdgrdibfji gjrlur`if `it`r` 0:?-7:? mf/0?? mn,
e`i muifldi ljn`di`i pjmgjlu`i e`r`c e`i f`iffu`i huifsd fdik`n sue`c mun`d
`e`.. W`s` iyjrd gjrsdh`
`e` gjrsdh`tt mjijt`
mjijt`p,
p, tde`l
tde`l cdn`if
cdn`if tdmgun
tdmgun sjpjrt
sjpjrtdd p`e`
p`e` cds y`if
y`if
ibrm`n. _jre`r`c`i pjrv`fdi`m kjn`s e`i gjrw`ri` ljcdt`m`i. _`e` pjm`it`u`i
lj`e``i k`idi ejif`i l`redbtblbfr`hd gds` k`ed tjn`c `e` ejsjnjr`sd n`mg`t. _jrnu
edn`lul`i tjs f`iffu`i pjmgjlu`i e`r`c 7,5,:.
_`e` sbnusdb pn`sjit` gjr`t pjrut s`if`t iyjrd e`i tjf`if sjrt` ljr`s sjpjrtd
 p`p`i (ejhjiaj musaun`rj)
musaun`rj) edsjrt`d pjre`r`c`i gjrw`ri` cdt`m. Bnjc l`rji` dtu,
 p`np`sd g`fd`i-g`fd`i k`idi tde`l muifldi edn`lul`i. Huieus utjrd njgdc tdiffd
e`rdp`e` y`if sjc`rusiy` l`rji` tjn`c tjrk`ed pjiumpul`i e`r`c ed e`n`m utjrus
 p`e` l`tjfbrd abiaj`nje cjmbrrc`fj.
cjmbrrc`fj. Kdl` e`n`m m`s` bgsjrv`sd tdiffd huieus
 gjrt`mg`c n`fd gjr`rtd pjre`r`c`i g`ru m`sdc gjrn`ifsuif. _`e` dispjlsd r`cdm
tjrndc`t mjmgun`t e`i lundt ed `t`siy` ljia`if. _`e` `uslunt`sd ejiyut k`ituif
 k`idi tde`l tjrejif`r n`fd `ldg`t f`iffu`i `i`tbmdl e`i huifsd pn`sjit`. Lj`e``i
umum mjik`ed gurul edsjrt`d sybl. @e`l`n`iy` lj`e``i umum dgu k`uc njgdc
 gurul edg`iedifl`i pjre`r`c`i y`if tde`l sjgjr`p` ljnu`r e`rd v`fdi`. L`e`r 
hdgrdibfji e`r`
r`c
c rji
jie
e`c y`dtu lur`i
`if
f e`rd 0:? mf% e`i tjn`c `e`
trbmbgbsdtbpjid`7.

7.0.6 Ed`fibsds Lndidl 

E`n`m g`iy`l c`n ed`fibsds gds` edtjf`ll`i gjre`s`rl`i fjk`n` e`i t`ie`
lndidl
lndidl y`dtu
y`dtu pjre`r
pjre`r`c`
`c`i
i mjn`nu
mjn`nudd v`fdi`
v`fdi`,, iyjrd
iyjrd p`e`
p`e` utjrus
utjrus,, e`i p`e`
p`e` sbnusd
sbnusdb
b
 pn`sjit` y`if gjr`t tjre`p`t ljn`di`i ejiyut k`ituif k`idi p`e` pjmjrdls``i
ejif`i
ejif`i LUF.
LUF. I`mui
I`mui l`e`if
l`e`if p`sdji
p`sdji e`t`if
e`t`if ejif`i
ejif`i fjk`n`
fjk`n` pjre`r
pjre`r`c`
`c`i
i tde`l 
tde`l 
 g`iy`l ejif`i pjrut tjf`if`i tjt`pd k`idi tjn`c mjidiff`n. Ed`fibsds p`std
c`iy`` gds` edtjf`ll`i
c`iy edtjf`ll`i ejif`i
ejif`i mjndc`t `e`iy`
`e`iy` pjre`r`c`
pjre`r`c`i
i rjtrbpn`sjit`
rjtrbpn`sjit` sjtjn`c
 p`rtus (F`mg`r 7.8):.

0?
 

F`mg`r 7.: _jre`r`c`i Wjtrbpn`sjit`

  Edtjl`
Edtjl`il
il`i
`i g`cw`
g`cw` t`ie`
t`ie` e`i fjk`n`
fjk`n` p`e`
p`e` sbnusd
sbnusdb
b pn`sji
pn`sjit`
t` e`p`t
e`p`t s`if`t
s`if`t
 gjrv`rd`sd. Qjg`f`d abitbc, pje`r`c`i jlstjri`n e`p`t ejr`s, i`mui pn`sjit` y`if
tjrnjp`s
tjrnjp`s tde`l tjrn`nu nu`s sjcdiff` gjnum mjmg`c`y`l
mjmg`c`y`l`i
`i k`idi sja`r` n`ifsuif.
n`ifsuif.
V`n`upu
`n`upui
i k`r`if
k`r`if,, muifld
muifldi
i tde`l
tde`l tjrk`e
tjrk`edd pjre`r
pjre`r`c`
`c`i
i jlstjr
jlstjri`n
i`n tjt
tjt`pd
`pd pn`sjit
pn`sjit``
tjrnjp`s tbt`n e`i sjg`f`d `ldg`tiy` k`idi mjidiff`n. Cure ell. (0431) e`n`m
sjgu`
sjgu`c
c pj
pjij
ijnd
ndtd
td`i
`i pr
prbs
bspj
pjlt
ltdh
dh y`
y`if
if rjn`t
rjn`tdh
dh lj
ljad
adnn tj
tjit
it`i
`if
f sbnu
sbnusdb
sdb pn
pn`sj
`sjit
it`,
`,
mjifdejitdhdl`sd hrjlujisd gjrg`f`d fjk`n` e`i t`ie` y`if gjrcuguif`i (U`gjn
7.7). _jre`r`c`i e`i iyjrd `gebmji `e`n`c tjmu`i tjrsjrdif. Ujmu`i n`di y`if
ede`
ede`p`
p`tl
tl`i
`i `e
`e`n
`n`c
`c pj
pjre
re`r`
`r`c`
c`i
i sjrdu
sjrdus,
s, iy
iyjrd
jrd pu
puif
iffu
fuif
if,, iy
iyjr
jrdd tj
tjl`
l`i
i ut
utjr
jrus,
us,
lbitr`lsd utjrus y`if sjrdif:.
_`e` pjijndtd`i-pjijndtd`i n`m`, ZQF k`r`if mjiflbihdrm`sd ed`fibsds sbnusdb
 pn`sjit`. Qjg`f`d abitbc, Qcbnn (0436) mjm`stdl`i ed`fibsds sja`r` sbibfr`hds
c`iy` p`e` 7:% w`idt`. C`n y`if s`m` edljmul`l`i bnjc Fn`itz e`i _urijnn
(7??7), y`if mjifl`nlun`sd c`iy` 75% e`rd 054 w`idt` y`if mjn`lul`i ZQF
e`p`t
e`p`t mjiydi
mjiydifld
fldrl`
rl`i
i ljmuif
ljmuifldi
ldi`i
`i `e`iy`
`e`iy` sbnusdb
sbnusdb pn`sji
pn`sjit`.
t`. T`if pjitdi
pjitdif,
f,
tjmu`i ijf`tdh p`e` pjmjrdls``i ZQF pn`sjit`:.
ZQF tde`l mjiydifldrl`i sbnusdb pn`sjit`

Fjk`n` e`i U`ie` Hrjlujisd (%)

_jre`r`c`i pjrv`fdi`m 63

Ztjrus tjf`if `t`u iyjrd pdiff`if 88

00
 

Fjk`n` e`i U`ie` Hrjlujisd (%)

F`w`t k`idi 8?

_`rtus prjm`turus 77

Lbitr`lsd y`if tjrus mjijrus tdiffd 06

Cdpjrtbius 06

Ljm`td`i k`idi 0:

U`gjn 7.7 Fjk`n` e`i U`ie` y`if Ujre`p`t p`e` :4 V`idt` Qbnusdb _n`sjit`:

7.0.3 Ed`fibsds G`iedif

  _`e` l`sus sbnusdb pn`sjit` y`if p`r`c, ed`fibsds gd`s`iy` kjn`s. Gjitul-
 gjitul sbnusdb y`if njgdc rdif`i e`i njgdc sjrdif tjrk`ed sundt edljt`cud ejif`i
 p`std e`i ed`fibsds sjrdif edtjf`ll`i gjre`s`rl`i jlslnusd. L`rji` dtu, p`e`

ljc`mdn`i v`rd`gjn ejif`i pjiyundt pjre`r`c`i pjrv`fdi`m, pjrnu mjiydifldrl`i

 pn`sjit` prjvd` e`i pjiyjg`g n`di pjre`r`c`i ejif`i pjmjrdls``i lndids e`i
jv`nu`sd
jv`nu`sd ZQF. Ujn`c
Ujn`c n`m` ed`k`rl`i,
ed`k`rl`i, muifldi
muifldi ejif`i
ejif`i gjgjr`p`
gjgjr`p` pjmgji`r`i,
pjmgji`r`i,
 g`cw` pjre`r`c`i utjrus y`if iyjrd `e`n`c sbnusdb pn`sjit` sjmjit`r`
sj mjit`r` pjre`r`c`i
utjrus y`if tde`l iyjrd mjifdiedl`sdl`i pn`sjit` prjvd`. Q`y`ifiy`, ed`fibsds
 g`iedif tde`l sjsjejrc`i` dtu. _jrs`ndi`i y`if mjiyjrt`d pn`sjit` prjvd` e`p`t
mjidmgunl`i
mjidmgunl`i iyjrd y`if mjifdsy`r`tl`i
mjifdsy`r`tl`i sbnusdb pn`sjit`:. _jrgje``i
sbnusdb pn`sjit` _jrgje``i sbnusdb
sbnusdb
 pn`sjit` ejif`i pn`sjit` prjvd` e`p`t edndc`t p`e` t`gjn 7.7 gjrdlut.

Lrdtjrd` Qbnusdb _n`sjit` _n`sjit` _rjvd`

_jre`r`c`i Mjr`c tu` s/e abln`t cdt`m Mjr`c sjf`r, Gjrun`if ,

Ujrus mjijrus Ude`l iyjrd
Edsjrt`d iyjrd

Ztjrus Ujf`if, G`fd`i k`idi t`l U`l tjf`if

tjr`g`, Iyjrd tjl`i U`l iyjrd tjl`i

K`r`if
Qybl/@ijmd` Njgdc sjrdif
Qjsu`d ejif`i kumn`c e`r`c
Ude`l sjsu`d ejif`i kumn`c

07
 

e`r`c y`if ljnu`r y`if ljnu`r

5?% hjtus sue`c m`td

Hjtus Ude`l edsjrt`d ljn`di`i njt`l  Gd`s`iy` hjtus cdeup
Edsjrt`d ljn`di`i njt`l

_jmjrdls``i
e`n`m Ljtug`i mjibikbn Ujr`g` pn`sjit` `t`u
w`n`upui tde`l cds  pjr`g``i hbridl `e` g`it`n`i
`it`r` g`fd`i k`idi ejif`i
 k`rd pjmjrdls``i
U`gjn 7.1 _jrgje``i Qbnusdb _n`ajit` e`i _n`ajit` _rjvd`8

7.0.4 Lbmpndl`sd
  Lbmpndl`sd sbnusdb pn`sjit` gjr`s`n e`rd pjre`r`c`i rjtrbpn`sjit` y`if tjrus
 gjrn`ifsuif sjcdiff` mjidmgunl`i gjrg`f`d `ldg`t p`e` dgu sjpjrtd `ijmd`, sybl 
cdpbvbnjm
cdpbvbnjmdl,
dl, disuhdsdjisd
disuhdsdjisd huifsd pn`sjit`,
pn`sjit`, f`iffu`i
f`iffu`i pjmgjlu`i
pjmgjlu`i e`r`c, f`f`n
fdik`n. Qdierbm` Qcjjc`i tjre`p`t p`e` gjgjr`p` pjiejrdt` y`if tjrcdie`r e`rd
ljm`td`
ljm`td`i
i sjtjn`c
sjtjn`c mjiejr
mjiejrdt`
dt` sybl
sybl y`if
y`if gjrn`i
gjrn`ifsu
fsuif
if n`m`
n`m` y`if
y`if mjiyjg
mjiyjg`gl
`gl`i
`i
dsljmd` e`i ijlrbsds `ejibcdpbhdsds sjg`f`d `ldg`t sbnusdb pn`sjit` 7.
Ljm`td
Ljm`td`i
`i k`idi,
k`idi, ljn`cd
ljn`cdr`i
r`i prjm`t
prjm`tur
ur e`i ljm`td`
ljm`td`i
i pjrdi`
pjrdi`t`n
t`n mjrup`
mjrup`l`i
l`i
lbmpnd
lbmpndl`s
l`sdd y`if
y`if p`ndif
p`ndif sjrdif
sjrdif tjrk`e
tjrk`edd p`e`
p`e` sbnusd
sbnusdb
b pn`sjit
pn`sjit`.
`. Qbnusd
Qbnusdb
b pn`sjit
pn`sjit``
 gjrun`if edn`pbrl`i kuf` gds` tjrk`ed p`e` 7:% pjrjmpu`i y`if pjri`c mjiejrdt`
sbnusd
sbnusdb
b pn`sji
pn`sjit`
t` sjgjnu
sjgjnumiy
miy`.
`. Qbnusd
Qbnusdb
b pn`sji
pn`sjit`
t` lrbidl
lrbidl edn`pb
edn`pbrl`
rl`i
i kuf`
kuf` sjrdif
sjrdif
tjrk`e
tjrk`edd ed m`i`
m`i` prbsjs
prbsjs pjmgji
pjmgjitul
tul`i
`i cjm`tb
cjm`tbm
m rjtrbp
rjtrbpn`s
n`sjit`
jit` gjrcji
gjrcjitd
td t`ip`
t`ip`
edkjn`if
edkjn`if bnjc pjrs`ndi`i.
pjrs`ndi`i. Lbmpndl`sd
Lbmpndl`sd lb`funbp`
lb`funbp`td
td edkjn`sl`i
edkjn`sl`i sjg`f`d gjrdlut.
gjrdlut.
Cjm`tbm` rjtrbpn`sjit` y`if tjrgjitul mjif`ldg`tl`i pjnjp`s`i rjtrbpn`sjit`
 gjrcjitd lj e`n`m pjrje`r`i e`r`c. Urbmgbpn`stdi
Urbmgbpn`stdi gjljrk` mjmpjrajp`t
 pjrbmg`l`i prbtrbmgdi mjik`ed trbmgdi. Urbmgdi y`if tjrgjitul edp`l`d uitul 
mjifug
mjifug`c
`c hdgrdi
hdgrdibfj
bfji
i mjik`e
mjik`edd hdgrdi
hdgrdi uitul
uitul mjmgji
mjmgjitul
tul njgdc
njgdc g`iy`l
g`iy`l gjlu`i
gjlu`i
ut`m`
ut`m` p`e`
p`e` sbnusdb
sbnusdb pn`sji
pn`sjit`
t` gjr`t.
gjr`t. Mjn`nud
Mjn`nud mjl`id
mjl`idsmj
smj did `p`gdn
`p`gdn`` pjnjp`
pjnjp`s`i
s`i

01
 

trbmgb
trbmgbpn`
pn`std
stdi
i aulup
aulup g`iy`l
g`iy`l e`p`t
e`p`t mjiyjg
mjiyjg`gl
`gl`i
`i tjrk`e
tjrk`edd pjmgjl
pjmgjlu`i
u`i e`r`c
e`r`c
ditr`v`slun`r y`if nu`s (edssjmdi`tje
(edssjmdi`tje ditr`v`saun`r ab`fun`tdbi)
ab`fun`tdbi ) y`if sjm`ldi
mjifur`s pjrsjed``i hdgrdibfji e`i h`ltbr-h`ltbr pjmgjlu`i n`di7.
Aur`c k`ituif y`if mjiurui e`i ljl`lu`i pjmgunuc e`r`c fdik`n `ldg`t
tjl`i`i
tjl`i`i ditr`utjrdi`
ditr`utjrdi` y`if mjidiffd
mjidiffd mjiyjg`gl
mjiyjg`gl`i
`i pjrhusd
pjrhusd fdik`n
fdik`n s`if`t mjiurui
e`i mjiyjg`gl`i `iblsd`. Lj`e``i umum y`if tjrk`ed `e`n`c ijlrbsds tugunus-
tugunus fdik`n sja`r` `lut mjiyjg`gl`i ljf`f`n`i huifsd fdik`n 7.
Muifldi tjrk`ed jlstr`v`s`sd nu`s e`r`c lj e`n`m btbt utjrus e`i ed g`w`c
n`pds`i sjrbs` utjrus y`if edsjgut sjg`f`d `pbpnjlsdb utjrbpn`sjit`n did, y`if
 pjrt`m` l`ndiy` edn`pbrl`i bnjc Abuvjn`drj p`e` `w`n t`cui 04??-`i, sjl`r`if
sjrd
jrdif edsj
sjg
gut sjg`f`d utjru
russ abuvjn`drj
abuvjn`drj.. _`e`
_`e` lj
lj`e
`e``
``i
i di
didd pjr
jre
e`r
`r`c
`c`i
`i
rjtr
rjtrbp
bpn`
n`sj
sjit
it`` mjiy
mjiyjg
jg`g
`gl`
l`i
i e`r`
e`r`c
c mjij
mjijrb
rbgb
gbss mjn`
mjn`nu
nudd sj
sjn`
n`-s
-sjn
jn`` sj
sjr`
r`gu
gutt
mdbmjtrdum e`i g`cl`i gds` s`mp`d lj g`w`c pjrdmjtrdum e`i lj e`n`m k`rdif`i
 pjifdl`t ndf`mjitum n`tum, lj e`n`m bv`rdum g`cl`i gds` mjif`ndr s`mp`d lj
rbiff`
rbiff` pjridt
pjridtbij
bijd.
d. _jre`r
_jre`r`c`
`c`i
i mdbmjt
mdbmjtrdum
rdum did k`r`if
k`r`if s`mp`d
s`mp`d mjiff`
mjiff`iff
iffu
u
lb
lbit
itr`l
r`lsd
sd utjru
utjruss sjcdi
sjcdiff
ff`` tjrk
tjrk`e
`edd pj
pjre
re`r`
`r`c`
c`i
i pb
pbstp
stp`rt
`rtum
um gj
gjr`t
r`t e`
e`i
i gu
gul`
l`i
i
mjrup`l`i diedl`sd uitul cdstjrjltbmd 7,:.

7.0.0? _ji`if`i`i
  Ujr`pd sbnusdb
sbnusdb pn`sjit`
pn`sjit` `l`i gjrgje`-gje`
gjrgje`-gje` tjrf`itui
tjrf`ituif
f p`e` usd` ljc`mdn`i
ljc`mdn`i
sjrt` st`tus dgu e`i k`idi. _`e` k`idi y`if cdeup e`i m`tur, e`i `p`gdn` pjrs`ndi`i
 pjrv`fdi`m tde`l tjrk`ed e`n`m w`ltu ejl`t, sjg`fd`i gjs`r `l`i mjmdndc sjlsdb
sjs`rd` e`rur`t.

7.0.0?.0 Qbnusdb _n`sjit` Wdif`i

Qbnusdb pn`sjit` rdif`i k`r`if edtjmul`i ed
ed WQ. _`e` umumiy` eded`fibsds
sja`r` ljgjtun`i p`e` pjmjrdls```i ZQF bnjc l`rji` tde`l mjmgjrdl`i fjk`n`
lndidl y`if lc`s. @p`gdn` ljc`mdn`iiy` lur`if e`rd 18 mdiffu e`i pjre`r`c`i
ljmued
ljmued`i
`i gjrcji
gjrcjitd,
td, pjrut
pjrut tde`l
tde`l mjik`e
mjik`edd iyjrd,
iyjrd, ei` utjrus
utjrus tde`l
tde`l tjf`if
tjf`if,, m`l`
m`l`
 pjiejrdt` c`rus edbgsjrv`sd ejif`i ljt`t. @p`gdn` pjre`r`c`i gjrn`ifsuif tjrus
e`i fjk`n` sbnusdb pn`sjit` gjrt`mg`c kjn`s `t`u ejif`i pjmjrdls``i ZQF e`jr`c
sbnusdb pn`sjit` gjrt`mg`c nu`s m`l` edn`lul`i tjrmdi`sd ljc`mdn`i

05
 

7.0.0?.7 Qbnusdb _n`sjit` Qje`if e`i Gjr`t

  _`e` sbnusdb pn`sjit` sje`if s`mp`d gjr`t edn`lul`i pjrg`dl`i lj`e``i umum
tjrnjg
tjrnjgdc
dc e`cunu
e`cunu ejif`i
ejif`i rjsusdt`
rjsusdt`sd
sd a`dr`i
a`dr`i e`i tr`ishu
tr`ishusd
sd e`r`c.
e`r`c. Gdn`
Gdn` k`idi
k`idi m`sdc
m`sdc
cdeup gd`s`iy` e`n`m lj`e``i f`w`t k`idi, edn`lul`i sjlsdb sjs`rj`, ljau`nd gdn`
 pjmgul``i tjn`c njifl`p. _`e` lj`e``i did edn`lul`i `midbtbmd, erdp blsdtbsdi,
e`i g`yd edn`cdrl`i ejif`i jlstr`lsd hbrajp. @p`gdn` k`idi tjn`c m`td edn`lul`i
 pjrs`ndi`i pjrv`fdi`m ejif`i a`r` mjn`lul`i `midbtbmd, erdp blsdtbsdi. Gdn`
 g`yd gjnum n`cdr e`n`m w`ltu 8 k`m, edn`lul`i tdie`l`i
tdie`l`i sjlsdb sjs`rj`.

7.0.0?.1 Ublbndtdl 
  Cure ell. (0431) mjie`p`tl`i g`cw` sbnusdb gjrn`ifsuif e`n`m w`ltu y`if
n`m`
n`m` e`
e`i
i mjmg
mjmg`c
`c`y
`y`l
`l`i
`i `p
`p`g
`gdn
dn`` edgj
edgjrdl
rdl`i
`i tb
tblb
lbnd
ndtd
tdl.
l. Ubwjr
bwjrss el
ell.
l. (0
(044
444)
4)
mjmgjrdl`i m`fijsdum sunh`t, tjrgut`ndi, `t`u ljeu`iy` ljp`e` 4: ed `it`r` 010
w`idt` ejif`i sbnusdb pn`sjit` y`if eded`fibsds sjgjnum mdiffu lj-18. @ifl`
ljm`td`
ljm`td`i
i pjrdi`
pjrdi`t`n
t`n sjgjs`r
sjgjs`r :% e`i tde`l
tde`l gjrgje
gjrgje`` e`rd
e`rd ljnbmp
ljnbmpbl
bl y`if
y`if tde`l 
tde`l 
edtjr`pd.
edtjr`pd. I`mui,
I`mui, pjiffui``i
pjiffui``i tblbndtdl p`e` pji`t`n`ls`i
pji`t`n`ls`i``i
``i sbnusdb
sbnusdb pn`sjit`
pn`sjit`
m`sdc lbitrbvjrsd`n5.

7.0.0?.5 Qjlsdb Qjs`rj`

  _jn`cdr`i sja`r` ajp`t k`idi y`if cdeup tjt`pd mjif`n`md f`w`t k`idi c`mpdr 
sjn`nu
sjn`nu gjr`rt
gjr`rtdd sjlsdb
sjlsdb sjs`rj`.
sjs`rj`. L`y`id
L`y`id ell.
ell. (7??1)
(7??1) mjijndt
mjijndtdd cuguif
cuguif`i
`i `it`r`
`it`r`
ajp`tiy` pjrs`ndi`i e`i prbfibsds
prbfibsds k`idiiy` p`e` 11 w`idt` c`mdn ejif`i fjk`n`
lndids gjrup` sbnusdb pn`sjit` e`i gr`edl`red k`idi. 77 g`yd sja`r` ijurbnbfds
e`p`t sjn`m`t, 0: g`yd edn`cdrl`i e`n`m w`ltu 7? mjidt sjtjn`c ljputus`i `l`i
edn`lul`i bpjr`sd. 00 g`yd mjidiff`n `t`u gjrljmg`if mjik`ed Ajrjgr`n _`nsy,
_`nsy, 3
 g`yd edn`cdrl`i ed g`w`c 7? mjidt sjtjn`c pjrtdmg`if`i w`ltu, sjcdiff` ajp`tiy`
rjspbis `e`n`c h`ltbr y`if pjitdif g`fd prbfibsds g`yd lj ejp`iiy` 8. Qjlsdb
sjs`rj
sjs`rj`` p`
p`e`
e` s``t
s``t did
did gj
gjs`r
s`r lj
ljmu
muif
ifld
ldi`
i`i
i e`
e`p`
p`tt mjmg
mjmg`c
`c`y
`y`l
`l`i
`i dg
dgu
u l`
l`rj
rji`
i`
mjif`n`md cdpbvbnjmd` gjr`t e`i lb`funbp`td lbisumtdh y`if p`r`c7.

7.0.0?.: _jrs`ndi`i _jrv`fdi`m

0:
 

  @p`gdn` tjrnjp`siy` pn`sjit` sjejmdld`i p`r`c sjcdiff` mjiyjg`gl`i k`idi

mjidiff`n, njgdc ed`ikurl`i pjrs`ndi`i pjrv`fdi`m ljau`nd `p`gdn` pjre`r`c`iiy`
sjejmdld`i
sjejmdld`i ejr`s sjcdiff`
sjcdiff` tde`l e`p`t ed`t`sd
ed`t`sd g`cl`i
g`cl`i ejif`i
ejif`i pjiff`itd`i
pjiff`itd`i e`r`c
sja`r`
sja`r` `frjsdh
`frjsdh,, `t`u
`t`u tjre`p`
tjre`p`tt pjiyun
pjiyundt
dt bgstjt
bgstjtrd
rd y`if
y`if mjifc`
mjifc`mg`
mg`tt pjrs`nd
pjrs`ndi`i
i`i
 pjrv`fdi`m. Ejhjl lb`fun`sd gjr`t ljmuifldi`i gjs`r e`p`t mjidmgunl`i
lj
ljsun
sundt
dt`i
`i p`
p`e`
e` sjlsd
sjlsdb
b sjs`r
sjs`rj`.
j`. Di
Disd
sdsd
sd `g
`geb
ebmj
mji
i e`
e`i
i ut
utjr
jrus
us rj
rjit
it`i
`i tj
tjrc
rc`e
`e`p
`p
 pjre`r`c`i cjg`t `p`gdn` lb`fun`sd tjrf`iffu. Ejif`i ejmdld`i, p`e` pjrs`ndi`i
 pjrv`fdi`m, stdmun`sd mdbmjtrdum sja`r` h`rm`lbnbfds `t`u ejif`i m`ss`fj
utjrus
utjrus `l`i
`l`i mjiyjg
mjiyjg`gl
`gl`i
`i pjmgun
pjmgunuc-
uc-pjm
pjmgu
gunuc
nuc e`r`c
e`r`c gjrlbi
gjrlbitr`
tr`lsd
lsd sjcdif
sjcdiff`
f`
 pjre`r`c`i sjrdus
sj rdus e`p`t edcdie`rd w`n`upui ejhjl lb`fun`sdiy` m`sdc `e`. Njgdc
n`ikut, pjre`r`c`i y`if sue`c tjrk`ed `l`i edljnu`rl`i mjn`nud v`fdi`.

7.0.0?.8 @midbtbmd
_jmja`c`i sjn`put ljtug`i sjedid muifldi tjn`c n`m` ed`iff`p pjitdif e`n`m
 pji`t`n`ls`i``i sbnusdb pn`sjit`. @n`s`i edn`lul`iiy` `midbtbmd did `e`n`c
 g`cw` ljnu`riiy` a`dr`i `midbi e`p`t mjifur`ifd pjre`r`c`i e`rd tjmp`t
dmpn`it`sd e`i mjifur`ifd m`suliy` trbmgbpn`stdi e`i muifldi h`ltbr-h`ltbr 
 pjmgjlu`i `ltdh e`rd gjlu`i rjtrbpn`sjit` lj e`n`m sdrlun`sd dgu. I`mui, tde`l 
`e` gultd ljeu`iy` tjra`p`d ejif`i `midbtbmd. @p`gdn` k`idi sue`c aulup m`tur,
 pjmja`c`i sjn`put ljtug`i ejif`i mjmpjrajp`t pjrs`ndi`i. @p`gdn` k`idi dm`tur,
dm`tur,
ljtug`i y`if utuc muifldi njgdc jhdsdji uitul mjiebrbif pjmgul``i sjrvdls
e`rdp`e`
e`rdp`e` tjl`i`i
tjl`i`i y`if edtdmgunl`i
edtdmgunl`i g`fd`i tuguc k`idi y`if gjrulur`i ljadn e`i
lur`if mjijl`i sjrvdls:.

7.0.0?.6 Blsdtbsdi
  V`n`u
`n`upu
pui
i p`
p`e`
e` sjg`f
sjg`fd`
d`i
i gj
gjs`
s`rr l`
l`su
suss sbnu
sbnusd
sdb
b pn
pn`s
`sji
jit`
t` gj
gjr`
r`tt tj
tjrk
rk`e
`edd
cdpjrtbidsd
cdpjrtbidsdt`s
t`s y`if mjiadrdl`i ljrk` mdbmjtrdum
mdbmjtrdum,, `p`gdn`
`p`gdn` tde`l tjrk`ed lbitr`lsd
lbitr`lsd
utjrus y`if rdtmdl, p`sdji edgjrd blsdtbsdi ejif`i ebsds st`ie`r. Qtdmun`sd utjrus
uitul mjidmgunl`i pjrs`ndi`i pjrv`fdi`m mjmgjrdl`i m`ih``t y`if njgdc gjs`r 
e`
e`rdp
rdp`e
`e`` rd
rdsd
sdlb
lb y`
y`if
if ede`
ede`p`
p`t.
t. _jm`
_jm`l`
l`d`i
d`i bl
blsdt
sdtbs
bsdi
di pj
pjri
ri`c
`c ed
edpj
pjrt
rt`i
`iy`
y`l`
l`i
i
 gjre`s`rl`i `iff`p`i g`cw` tdie`l`i did e`p`t mjidifl`tl`i m`suliy`

08
 

trbmgb
trbmgbpn`
pn`std
stdi
i lj e`n`m
e`n`m sdrlun`
sdrlun`sd
sd dgu sjcdif
sjcdiff`
f` mjm`au
mjm`au `t`u
`t`u mjmpjr
mjmpjrp`r
p`r`c
`c
l`bfunbp`td lbisumtdh `t`u sdierbm` jmgbnd a`dr`i `midbi:.

7.0.00.3 _rbfibsds
  Qbnusdb
Qbnusdb pn`sjit`
pn`sjit` mjmpuiy`d
mjmpuiy`d prbfibsds
prbfibsds y`if gurul g`dl g`fd dgu c`mdn e`i
njgdc gurul n`fd g`fd k`idi kdl` edg`iedifl`i ejif`i pn`sjit` prjvd`. Qbnusdb
 pn`sjit` rdif`i m`sdc mjmpuiy`d prbfibsds y`if g`dl g`fd dgu e`i k`idi l`rji`
tde`
tde`l
l `e`
`e` ljm`
ljm`td
td`i
`i e`i
e`i mbrg
mbrgde
dedt
dt`s
`siy
iy`` rj
rjie
ie`c
`c.. Qbnu
Qbnusd
sdb
b pn
pn`s
`sji
jit`
t` sj
sje`
e`if
if
mjmpui
mjmpuiy`d
y`d prbfib
prbfibsds
sds y`if
y`if njgdc
njgdc gurul
gurul tjrut`m
tjrut`m`` tjrc`e`
tjrc`e`p
p k`idii
k`idiiy`
y` l`rji`
l`rji`
mbrt`ndt`s e`i mbrgdedt`s pjrdi`t`n y`if tdiffd. Qbnusdb pn`sjit` gjr`t mjmpuiy`d
 prbfibsds y`if p`ndif gurul g`dl tjrc`e`p dgu tjrnjgdc tjrc`e`p k`idiiy`7.

G@G DDD

_JIZUZ_

1.0. Ljsdmpun`i

06
 

  _jre`r`c`i `ldg`t sbnusdb pn`sjit` gjrcuguif`i jr`t ejif`i `ifl` ljm`td`i

 g`yd e`i mjmpuiy`d rdsdlb njgdc tdiffd uitul tjrk`ediy` prjm`turdt`s e`i
 pjrtumguc`i k`idi tjrc`mg`t. _ji`if`i`i e`i prbfibsds sbnusdb pn`sjit`
tjrf`ituif e`rd ejr`k`t sbnusdb pn`sjit`. I`m` n`di y`if sjrdif edpjrfui`l`i,
y`dtu `gruptdb pn`ajit`j, `gn`tdb pn`ajit`j, `aadejit`n c`jmbrrc`fj, prjm`turj
 sjp`r`tdbi bh tcj ibrm`nny dmpn`itje pn`ajit`1  Qjg`g prdmjr e`rd sbnusdb
 pn`sjit` tde`l edljt`cud , tjt`pd tjre`p`t gjgjr`p` lj`e``i p`tbnbfdl y`if tjrndc`t
njgdc sjrdif gjrs`m` ejif`i `t`u mjiyjrt`d sbnusdb pn`sjit` e`i ed`iff`p sjg`f`d
h`ltbr rdsdlb sjpjrtd cdpjrtjisd, rdw`y`t tr`um`, ljgd`s``i mjrblbl, usd` dgu, e`i
 p`rdt`s y`if tdiffd.

E@HU@W _ZQU@L@

0. Mdnnjr E`vde @.. Bgstr

Bgstrjtrda
jtrda Cjmmbrc`
Cjmmbrc`fj
fj.. Hjgru
ru``ry
ry,, 7??4. hrbm
cttp//www.bghbaus.abm/.../gnjjedif/cjmbrrc`fjp`.ctm.
cttp//www.bghbaus.abm/.../gnjjedif/cjmbrrc`fjp`.ctm.   @aajssje
Ejajmgjr 73, 7??4

03
 

7. Udrtb.de rjpbrt @edty`

@edty` Vdey`
Vdey` putrd
putrd 1?
1? sjptjmgjr
sjptjmgjr 7?04
7?04
1. cttps;//www.`ajejmd`.jeu/0056::31/sbnusdbRpn`sjit`c
5. cttps;//de.sardge.abm/`suc`iRljpjr`w`t`iRsbnusdbRpn`sjit`

04