Final Note 2019 2020 1

MANSOURA UNIVERSITY
2019
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING
REINFORCED CONCRETE PROJECT
Prepared by:
Under Supervision of : Mahmoud Abd EL Aziz Abuo Ammo
Prof. Dr. / Ahmed M. Yousef

Mahmoud Hazem Abd Elghany
Prof. Dr. / Hamed Hassan Askar
Prof. Dr. / Mohamed El-Zoughiby Abdelrhman Shrief El Kamony
Prof. Dr. / Awad El-Mansy

Hossam Hamdi Fouda
Group 3 Concrete project 2019
Appreciation and thanking
Before we start to wright this book, we should express

our deepest feelings of thanking and appreciation to our
supervisors who helped us throughout this year to
complete this project, there are no words that can
describe their effort and time to help us in this project;
so we thank:
Prof. Dr. / Ahmed M. Yousef

Professor of concrete structures & head of structural
engineering department
Prof. Dr. / Hamed Hassan Askar

Professor of concrete structures
Prof. Dr. / Mohamed El-Zoughiby

Prof. Dr. / Awad El-Mansy

At the end, we would like to thank our biggest supportive team -

our parents - for their support through this year
i
Introduction I
Part 1: (VILLA)
Contents : Page
sss:
chapter1 : INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 1.4
1.1 Villa Consists of ............................................................................................................... 1.4
1.2 Material Properties Used ................................................................................................ 1.4
1.3 Cover Thickness .............................................................................................................. 1.4
1.4 Loads Used ..................................................................................................................... 1.4
1.5 Design Method ............................................................................................................... 1.5
1.6 Computer Programs Used in Analysis............................................................................... 1.5
1.7 Design Code .................................................................................................................... 1.5
chapter2: DESIGN OF SLABS ...................................................................................................... 1.6
2.1 Basement Slab: (Flat Slab System) .................................................................................. 1.6
2.1.1 Check for Short Term Deflection ................................................................................... 1.9
2.1.2 Check for Long Term Deflection .................................................................................... 1.9
2.2 Ground Slab (Flat Slab System) ........................................................................................ 1.10
2.2.1 Check for Short Term Deflection ................................................................................... 1.13
2.2.2 Check for Long Term Deflection .................................................................................... 1.13
2.3 Typical Slab (Flat Slab System) ........................................................................................ 1.14
2.3.1 Check for Short Term Deflection .................................................................................. 1.17
2.3.2 Check for Long Term Deflection ................................................................................... 1.17
2.4 Check of Punching Shear: (Basement Roof) .................................................................... 1.18
2.4.1 Edge Column (C1=30*60) on ( ‫ – د‬1 ) Axis ..................................................................... 1.18
2.4.2 Interior Column (C3 = 30*100) on ( ‫ – ب‬5 ) Axis ............................................................ 1.19
Chapter3 : Design of Stairs (Two Flight Stair Axis ‫ (ه – و‬............................................................ 1.20
3.1 Manual Solution ............................................................................................................. 1.20
3.2 Using SAP program ........................................................................................................ 1.23
3.3 Design of supporting beam (‫) كمرة نصف الدور‬.................................................................. 1.24
3.3.1 Check of Shear on Beam Section ................................................................................. 1.25
3.4 Design of beam using SAP program ............................................................................... 1.25
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Table of Contents
chapter4 : Design of Beams ..................................................................................................... 1.28

4.1 Basement Slab Beams ................................................................................................... 1.28
4.2 Ground Slab Beams ....................................................................................................... 1.28
4.3 Typical Floor Beams ...................................................................................................... 1.29
4.5 Shear on Beams ............................................................................................................ 1.31
4.5.1 Basement Beams ………………………………………………………………………………………..…………… 1.31
4.5.2 Ground Beams .............................................................................................................1.31
4.5.3 Typical Floor Beams .....................................................................................................1.32
4.6 Check of Shear on Beam Section ................................................................................... 1.32
chapter5 : Design of Columns .................................................................................................I1.33
5.1 Design of Column Section (subjected to axial compression force) ................................. 1.34
5.2 Table of Columns .......................................................................................................... 1.36
chapter6 : Design of Foundation ............................................................................................. 1.38
chapter7 : Design of Retaining Wall ........................................................................................ 1.45
7.1 Loads ........................................................................................................................... 1.45
7.2 Design of critical section ( as uncracked section) .......................................................... 1.45
chapter8 : Design of Strip footing (under retaining wall) ........................................................ 1.46
8.1 Concrete dimensions ................................................................................................... 1.46
8.2 Loads ........................................................................................................................... 1.46
8.3 Moment ....................................................................................................................... 1.46
chapter9 : Design of Hollow block slab ................................................................................... 1.47
9.1 Given data ................................................................................................................... 1.47
9.2 Concrete Dimension .................................................................................................... 1.47
9.3 Layout and arrangement ............................................................................................. 1.47
9.4 Loads .......................................................................................................................... 1.49
9.5 Strips and moment ...................................................................................................... 1.50
9.6 Design of critical section .............................................................................................. 1.53
9.7 Design of solid slab ...................................................................................................... 1.54
9.8 Design of Hidden beam ................................................................................................ 1.57
Part One : VILLA
Figure 1.1 Statical System of Basement Roof
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Table of Contents
Figure 1.2 Additional Reinforcement in X-Direction (Lower)
Figure 1.3 Additional Reinforcement in X-Direction (Upper)
Figure 1.4 Additional Reinforcement in Y-Direction (Lower)
Figure 1.5 Additional Reinforcement in Y-Direction (Upper)
Figure 1.6 Short Term Deflection
Figure 1.7 Long Term Deflection
Figure 1.8 Statical System of Ground Roof
Figure 1.22 Stair Cross Section
Figure 1.23 Strip (1) of Stair
Figure 1.24 Stair 3D
Figure 1.25 Bending moment in X-direction
Figure 1.26 Bending moment in Y-direction
Figure 1.27 Beam Loads
Figure 1.28 Maximum positive moment on beam
Figure 1.29 Maximum negative moment on beam

Figure 1.30 Maximum shear on beam
Figure 1.31 Stair Reinforcement in plan
Figure 1.32 Reinforcement in sec 2-2
Figure 1.33 Sec 1-1 Reinforcement
Figure 1.34 Moment of basement slab beams
Figure 1.35 Moment of ground slab beams
Figure 1.36 Moment of typical floor beams
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Table of Contents
Figure 1.37 Shear on Basement Roof Beams
Figure 1.38 Shear on Ground Roof Beams
Figure 1.39 Shear on Typical Floor Beams
Figure 1.40 Axis of columns
Figure 1.41 Column Cross Section
Figure 1.43 Columns reactions (Ultimate)
Figure 1.44 Columns reactions (Working)
Figure 1.45 Sections of Moment of 3‫ق‬
Figure 1.46 Check of Punch
Figure 1.47 Check of Shear of 3 ‫ق‬
Figure 1.48 Check of Bond
Figure 1.49 Foundations
Figure 1.50 Section of Retaining wall
Figure 1.51 Reinforcement of R.W , strip footing
Figure 1.52 Elevation of Hollow block slab
Figure 1.53 Section of Hollow block slab
Figure 1.54 Arrangement of blocks
Figure 1.55 Reinforcement of H.B
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Table of Contents
Part2: (HIGH RISE BULIDING)

2.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 2.4
2.1.1 High Rise Building Consists of....................................................................... 2.4
2.1.2 Material Properties Used............................................................................. 2.4
2.1.3 Cover Thickness........................................................................................... 2.4
2.1.4 Loads Used.................................................................................................. 2.4
2.1.5 Design Method............................................................................................ 2.5
2.1.6 Computer Programs Used in Analysis........................................................... 2.5
2.1.7 Design Code............................................................................................... 2 .5
2.2 DESIGN OF SLABS: ......................................................................................... 2.6
2.2.1 Basement Slab: (Flat Slab System)........................................................... 2.6
2.2.1.1 Check for Short Term Deflection ....................................................... 2.10
2.2.1.2 Check for Long Term Deflection........................................................ 2.11
2.2.2 Ground Slab (Flat Slab System) ................................................................ 2.12
2.2.2.1 Check for Short Term Deflection .......................................................... 2.16
2.2.2.2 Check for Long Term Deflection ......................................................... 2.17
2.2.4 Typical floor (Flat Slab System) ............................................................. 2.18
2.2.4.1 Check for Short Term Deflection ......................................................... 2.22
2.2.4.2 Check for Long Term Deflection ............................................................. 2.23
2.2.5 Check of Punching Shear: (Basement Roof)............................................... 2.24
2.2.5.1 Edge Column ........................................................................................ 2.24
2.2.5.2 Interior Column................................................................................... 2.25
2.2.5.3 Corner Column...................................................................................... 2.26
2.3 Design of Stairs ........................................................................................... 2.27
2.3.1 Three Flight Stair Axis ………………………………………………………………………… 2.27
2.3.1.1 Manual Solution ................................................................................. 2.27
2.4 Design of Beams......................................................................................... 2.33
2.4.1 Basement Slab Beams ............................................................................ 2.33
2.4.2 Ground Slab Beams............................................................................... 2.34
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Table of Contents
2.4.4 Typical Floor Beams .............................................................................. 2.35
2.4.5 Shear on Beams................................................................................... 2.36
2.4.5.1 Basement Beams ........................................................................... 2.36
2.4.5.2 Ground Beams ............................................................................... 2.37
2.4.5.4 Typical Floor Beams ......................................................................... 2.38
2.4.6 Check of Shear on Beam Section................................................ 2.36, 2.37, and 2.38
2.5 Design of Columns ........................................................................................ 2.39
2.5.1 Design of Column Section.......................................................................... 2.40
2.5.1.1 1 ‫ ع‬on axis (2-2) , ( ‫…………………………………………………) ب – ب‬.. ………… 2.40
2.5.1.2 10‫ ع‬on axis (4-4) , (‫ ج‬-‫……………………………………………………………… ) ج‬ 2.42
2.5.1.3 Tables of Columns ……………………………….…………………………………………… 2.4
2.6 Design of Shear Wall.................................................................................... 2.44
2.7 Design of Core............................................................................................. 2.49
2.8 Effect of Earthquake on tower ..................................................................... 2.51
2.8.1 Manual solution................................................................................... 2.51
2.8.2 Check of Displacement......................................................................... 2.54
2.8.3 Check of Drift......................................................................................... 2.56
2.8.4 Check of Maximum Distance Between C.M, C.R ....................................... 2.59
2.8.5 Check of Overturning Moment (Etabs program) .................................... 2.60
2.9 Design of Deep Foundation (Raft on Piles)................................................. 2.61
2.9.1 Design of Raft on Piles (Safe program)................................................ 2.63
2.9.1.1 Check of punching shear on raft....................................................... 2.79
2.10 Design of Retaining wall.......................................................................... 2.80
Part TWO: HIGH RISE BULIDING

Figure 2.2.1 Statical System of Basement Roof
Figure 2.2.1.2 Additional Reinforcement in X-Direction (Upper)
Figure 2.2.1.3 Additional Reinforcement in X-Direction (Lower)
Figure 2.2.1.4 Additional Reinforcement in Y-Direction (Upper)
Figure 2.2.1.5 Additional Reinforcement in Y-Direction (Lower)
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Table of Contents
Figure 2.2.1.6 Short Term Deflection
Figure 2.2.1.7 Long Term Deflection
Figure 2.2.2.1 Statical System of Ground Roof
Figure 2.2.3.1 Statical System of Typical Roof
Figure 2.3.1 Stair Cross Section
Figure 2.3.1 Strip 1 Of Stair
Figure 2.3.3 Plan of reinforcement of stair
Figure 2.3.4 Reinforcement of Sec 1
Figure 2.3.5 Reinforcement of Sec 2
Figure 2.4.1 Basement Slab Beams
Figure 2.4.2 Ground Slab Beams
Figure 2.4.3 Typical Floor Beams
Figure 2.4.4.1 Shear on Basement Roof Beams
Figure 2.4.4.2 Shear on Ground Roof Beams
Figure 2.4.4.3 Shear on Typical Floor Beams
Figure 2.5.1 Columns Axis
Figure 2.5.1.1 Interaction Diagram for Rectangular Section
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Table of Contents
Figure 2.5.1.1 Column Cross Section
Figure 2.5.1.3 Table of Columns
Figure 2.6.1 Interaction Diagram for Biaxial Loaded Wall
Figure 2.6.4 W1 Reinforcement
Figure 2.7.1 Core1 Cross Section
Figure 2.7.2 Core2 Cross Section
Figure 2.8.1 Story Overturning Moment
Figure 2.8.2 Maximum Story Displacements
Figure 2.8.3 Maximum Story Drifts
Figure 2.8.4 Story Response Values
Figure 2.8.5 Forces, Overturning moment
Figure 2.8.6 Forces caused by earthquakes
Figure 2.9.1 Piles arrangement
Figure 2.9.2 Additional Reinforcement in X-Direction (Lower)
Figure 2.9.3 Additional Reinforcement in X-Direction (Upper)
Figure 2.9.4 Additional Reinforcement in Y-Direction (Lower)
Figure 2.9.5 Additional Reinforcement in Y-Direction (Upper)
Figure 2.9.6 Piles Cross Section
Figure 2.9.1.1 punching shear of column
Figure 2.9.1.2 punching shear of pile
Figure 2.10.1 Section of Retaining wall
Figure 2.10.2 Reinforcement of Retaining wall
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Table of Contents
Group 3 Concrete projct 2019
PART 3: (Shell roof structures)

Contents: Page
sss:
Chapter 1: Manual Analysis …………………………………………………………………………………………………….………. 3.2
1-1: Dimensions & loads ………………………………………………………………………………..…………….……. 3.2
1-2: Check of stresses………………………………………………………………………………..………………………. 3.4
1-3: RFT for moment @ edge…………………………………………………….………………………………………. 3.4
1-4: RFT for diagonal tension @ corners ……………………………………………………………………………. 3.5
Chapter 2: Analysis using Sap2000 v18.2 ……………………………………………………………..………………………… 3.7
2-1: Excel sheet & drawing the shell …………………………………………….…………...………………………. 3.8
2-2: Analysis and design of arch girders and columns…………………………….………..…………………. 3.11
Chapter 3: Design of Diaphrams ( Arch Girders ) …………………………………………………………..………………….. 3.13
3-1: Design of section………………………………………………………………………………………..……………….. 3.13
3-2: Design of Tie……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…. 3.14
3-3: Design of Hanger………………………………………………………………………………………………….………. 3.14
3-4: Design of columns………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3.15
Chapter 4: Design of foundation ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3.19
4-1: Cap No: 1.……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 3.19
4-2: Cap No: 2………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3.24
Table of Contents IX
Part 4: (CIRCULAR ELEVATED TANK)
Contents : Page
sss:
chapter1: INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 4.2
1.1 Elevated circular tank consists of ......................................................................... 4.2
1.2 Material Properties Used ..................................................................................... 4.2
1.3 Cover Thickness ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4.2
1.4 Loads Used........................................................................................................... 4.2
1.5 Design Method .................................................................................................... 4.2
chapter 2: Dimensions............................................................................................................. 4.3
2.1 Upper Tank................................................................................................………… 4.3
2.2 Lower Tank .......................................................................................................... 4.4
chapter 3: Design..................................................................................................................... 4.5
3.1 Upper tank .......................................................................................................... 4.5
3.1.1 Covering Floor.................................................................................................. 4.5
3.1.2 Posts................................................................................................................. 4.5
3.1.3 Dry Cone .......................................................................................................... 4.6
3.1.4 Design of Ring beam......................................................................................... 4.8
3.1.5 Design of Wall................................................................................................... 4.9
3.1.6 Design of Wet Cone .......................................................................................... 4.12
3.1.7 Design of Ring beam......................................................................................... 4.14
3.2 Design of Floor with circular hole ……………………………………………………………………… 4.15
3.3 Lower Tank ......................................................................................................... 4.18
3.3.1 Dry Cone ........................................................................................................... 4.18
3.3.2 Design of Ring beam.......................................................................................... 4.20
3.3.3 Design of Wall.................................................................................................... 4.21
3.3.4 Design of Wet Cone ........................................................................................... 4.24
3.3.5 Design of Ring beam.......................................................................................... 4.26
Chapter 4: Effect of Earthquakes on Tank ................................................................................ 4..27
Chapter 5: Design of Shaft ....................................................................................................... 4.34
Chapter 6 : Design of Foundations............................................................................................ 4.36
Table of Contents X
Part Four : CIRCULAR ELALVATED TANK
Figure 4.1 Upper Tank Dimensions

Figure 4.2 Lower Tank Dimensions
Figure 4.3 Bending moment on covering floor

Figure 4.4 Reinforcement of posts
Figure 4.5 Dry cone dimensions
Figure 4.6 Moment in cone
Figure 4.7 Forces in ring beam
Figure 4.8 Ring beam reinforcement
Figure 4.9 Forces on wall
Figure 4.10 B.M.D , N.F.D on Wall
Figure 4.11 Interaction diagram for rectangular section
Figure 4.12 Wet cone dimensions
Figure 4.13 Forces on ring beam
Figure 4.15 Bending moment on floor with circular hole
Figure 4.16 Normal force on floor
Figure 4.17 Dry Cone
Figure 4.18 Moment in cone
Figure 4.21 Forces on wall
Figure 4.22 B.M.D , N.F.D on Wall
Figure 4.23 Interaction diagram for rectangular sections
Figure 4.24 Wet cone dimensions
Figure 4.27 factors
Figure 4.28 Factors of mass
Figure 4.29 Factors of Ci , Cc
Figure 4.30 Interaction diagram for rectangular sections
Figure 4.31 Arrangements of piles
Figure 4.32 points of piles
Figure 4.33 Forces , B.M on piles
Table of Contents XI
PART 1: (VILLA)
VILLA 1.1
VILLA 1.2
VILLA 1.3
Introduction
1.1.1 Villa Consists Of :
 Basement of ( 3.00 ) m height .

 Ground floor of ( 3.00 ) m height .
 3 Typical floor of ( 3.00 ) m height .
1.1.2 Material properties Used :
 Fcu = 250 kg/cm2

 Fy(main steel)=3600 kg/cm
 Fy(stirrups)=2400 kg/cm2
 Weight of used brick =1500 kg/m3
 Bearing Capacity of Soil = 2.00 kg/m2
1.1.3 Cover Thickness
 Slabs Cover = 2 cm
 Beams Cover = 2 cm
 Columns Cover = 2.5 cm
 Foundations Cover = 5 cm
 Stairs Cover = 2 cm
 Ramp Cover = 2 cm
 Tie , Semell Cover = 2.5 cm
1.1.4 Loads Used:

 Cover = 0.15 ton
 0.05 * 1.5 ‫ سم‬5 ‫رمل تسوية بسمك‬
 0.01 * 2.1 ‫ سم‬1 ‫مونة أسمنتيه بسمك‬
 0.02 * 2.1 ‫ سم‬2 ‫ترابيع جرانيت بسمك‬
 0.02 * 2.1 ‫ سم‬2 ‫محارة أسفل البالطه بسمك‬
 Wall = 0.28 t/m
 0.12 * 1.5 = 1.8 t/m ‫ سم‬12 ‫حوائط بسمك‬
 0.25 * 1.5 = 0.37 t/m ‫ سم‬25 ‫حوائط بسمك‬
 Used 0.3 t/m in Average
 D.L = Own weight + Covering Material + Wall Load
 L.L= 0.25 t/m2 according to ECP
VILLA 1.4
1.1.5 Design Method:
 Ultimate limit state design
1.1.6 Computer Programs Used in Analysis :
 (Etabs + Safe + SAP2000 + Excel)
1.1.7 Design Code:
 Egyptian code of practice 2007
VILLA 1.5
1.2 DESIGN OF SLABS:
i. Basement Slab: (Flat Slab System)
Figure 1.1 Statical System of Basement Roof
 Own weight = 0.30* 2.5 = 0.75 t/m2

 Slab Thickness = 30 cm
 Covering = 150 kg/m2 = 0.15 t/m2
 Live load = 250 kg/m2 = 0.25 t/m2 ⇛ ( ‫) غرف سكنية‬
 Wall load = 300 kg/m2 = 0.30 t/m2
Solving This flat slab By Using CSI Safe program:
 D.L = O.W +W wall + Covering material
= 0.75 + 0.3 + 0.15 = 1.20 t/m2
 L.L = 250 kg/cm2 = 0.25 t/m2
 Wu = 1.4 D.L + 1.6 L.L = 2.08 t/m2`
For ultimate design:-
𝐌𝐮
 𝑨𝒔 =
𝐅𝐲∗𝐉∗𝐝
𝛑∗(𝟏.𝟔)𝟐
 Mu = As * Fy * J *d = 8*( 𝟒 ) ∗ 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎 ∗. 𝟔𝟗𝟓 ∗ 𝟐𝟑 ∗ (𝟏𝟎)−𝟓
 M(r) = 8.85 t.m ⇛ Use 8 ∯ 12 / m in each Direction
 Additional RFT ( 8 ∯ 12 /m) Lower & (8 ∯ 12 / m) upper
VILLA 1.6
In X-Direction: (Lower):
In X-Direction: (Upper):
VILLA 1.7
In Y-Direction (Lower):
In Y-Direction (Upper):
VILLA 1.8
1.2.1.1 Check for Short Term Deflection:
 From Code Check = L/360

 Span for Check = 6.00 m
 Allowable Deflection= .0167 m
 Maximum Deflection = 0.004 m

 1.2.1.2 Check for Long Term Deflection:


 Allowable Deflection= 0.024 m
 Maximum Deflection = 0.01
VILLA 1.9
1.2.2 Ground Slab (Flat Slab System) :
. Own weight = 0.30* 2.5 = 0.75 t/m2


Slab Thickness = 30 cm

Covering = 150 kg/m2 = 0.15 t/m2

Live load = 250 kg/m2 = 0.25 t/m2 ⇛ ( ‫) غرف سكنية‬

Wall load = 300 kg/m2 = 0.30 t/m2


= 0.75 + 0.3 + 0.15 = 1.20 t/m2
 L.L = 250 kg/cm2 = 0.25 t/m2
 Wu = 1.4 D.L + 1.6 L.L = 2.08 t/m2`
𝐌𝐮
 𝑨𝒔 = 𝐅𝐲∗𝐉∗𝐝
𝛑∗(𝟏.𝟔)𝟐
 Mu = As * Fy * J *d = 8*( 𝟒 ) ∗ 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎 ∗. 𝟔𝟗𝟓 ∗ 𝟐𝟑 ∗ (𝟏𝟎)−𝟓
 M(r) = 8.85 t.m ⇛ Use 8 ∯ 12 / m in each Direction
- Additional RFT ( 8 ∯ 12 /m) lower & (8 ∯ 12 / m) upper
VILLA 1.10
In X-Direction: (Lower):
In X-Direction: (Upper) :
VILLA 1.11
In Y-Direction: (Lower)
In Y-Direction: (Upper)
VILLA 1.12

1.2.2.2 Check for Long Term Deflection:

 Span for Check = 6.00m
 Allowable Deflection =0.024 m
VILLA 1.13
1.2.3 Typical Slab (Flat Slab System)
Figure 1.15 Statical System of Typical Roof
. Own weight = 0.30* 2.5 = 0.75 t/m2


Slab Thickness = 30 cm

Covering = 150 kg/m2 = 0.15 t/m2

Live load = 250 kg/m2 = 0.25 t/m2 ⇛ ( ‫) غرف سكنية‬

Wall load = 300 kg/m2 = 0.30 t/m2


= 0.75 + 0.3 + 0.15 = 1.20 t/m2
 L.L = 250 kg/cm2 = 0.25 t/m2
 Wu = 1.4 D.L + 1.6 L.L = 2.08 t/m2`
𝐌𝐮
 𝑨𝒔 =
𝐅𝐲∗𝐉∗𝐝
𝛑∗(𝟏.𝟔)𝟐
 Mu = As * Fy * J *d = 8*( 𝟒 ) ∗ 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎 ∗. 𝟔𝟗𝟓 ∗ 𝟐𝟑 ∗ (𝟏𝟎)−𝟓
 M(r) = 8.85 t.m ⇛ Use 8∯ 12 / m in each Direction
- Additional RFT ( 8 ∯ 12 /m) lower & (8 ∯ 12 / m) upper
VILLA 1.14
In X-Direction: (Lower)
In X-Direction: (Upper)
VILLA 1.15
VILLA 1.16


 Allowable Deflection 0.024 m
VILLA 1.17
1.2.4 Check of Punching Shear: (Basement Roof)
1.2.4.1 Edge Column (C1=30*60) on ( 1- ‫ ) د‬Axis
 d = ts – 20 mm = 250 – 20 = 230 mm = 0.23 m
Pcol
 𝑄𝑝𝑢 = = 31 ton
6
 Ap =( 𝒃𝟎 * d ) =
𝒅
⌊𝟐 (𝑪𝟏 + ) + (𝑪𝟐 + 𝟐𝟑𝟎)⌋* d
𝟐
𝟐𝟑𝟎
⌊𝟐 (𝟔𝟎𝟎 + ) + (𝟑𝟎𝟎 + 𝟐𝟑𝟎)⌋*230
𝟐
= 450800 mm2
𝑄𝑝𝑢
 𝒒𝒑𝒖 = *B
𝑨𝒑
𝟑𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
= ∗ 𝟏. 𝟑 = . 𝟖𝟗𝟑 𝑵⁄𝒎𝒎𝟐
𝟒𝟓𝟎𝟖𝟎
 𝒒𝒑𝒄𝒖 the smallest of :
𝐅𝐜𝐮 𝟐𝟓
 . 𝟑𝟏𝟔√ =. 𝟑𝟏𝟔√ = 𝟏. 𝟑 𝐍⁄
𝛄𝐜 𝟏.𝟓 𝐦𝐦𝟐
𝛂∗𝐝 𝐅𝐜𝐮 𝟑∗𝟐𝟑𝟎 𝟐𝟓

 .𝟖( +. 𝟐) ∗ √ 𝛄𝐜 = . 𝟖 ( 𝟐𝟒𝟔𝟎 +. 𝟐) ∗ √𝟏.𝟓 = 𝟏. 𝟓𝟔 𝐍⁄
𝐛 𝐦𝐦𝟐
𝐚 𝐅𝐜𝐮 𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝟐𝟓
 . 𝟑𝟏𝟔 (𝐛 +. 𝟓) ∗ √ 𝛄𝐜 =. 𝟑𝟏𝟔 (𝟔𝟎𝟎 +. 𝟓) ∗ √𝟏.𝟓 = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟗 𝐍⁄
𝐦𝐦𝟐
 1.6 𝐍⁄
𝐦𝐦𝟐
 𝐪𝐩𝐮 = . 𝟖𝟗𝟑 𝐍⁄ < 𝐪𝐩𝐜𝐮

𝐦𝐦𝟐
OK safe punching
VILLA 1.18
1.2.4.2 Interior Column (C3 = 30*100) on ( 5- ‫ )ب‬Axis:
 d = ts – 20 mm = 250 – 20 = 230 mm = 0.23 m
296
 𝑄𝑝𝑢 = = 49.33 ton
6
 Ap =( 𝒃𝟎 * d ) =
⌊𝟐(𝑪𝟏 + 𝒅) + 𝟐(𝑪𝟐 + 𝒅)⌋* d
⌊𝟐(𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 + 𝟐𝟑𝟎) + 𝟐(𝟑𝟎𝟎 + 𝟐𝟑𝟎)⌋*230
= 809600 mm2
𝑄𝑝𝑢
 𝒒𝒑𝒖 = *B
𝑨𝒑
𝟒𝟗𝟑𝟑𝟎𝟎
= ∗ 𝟏. 𝟒 = . 𝟖𝟓𝟑 𝑵⁄𝒎𝒎𝟐
𝟖𝟎𝟗𝟔𝟎𝟎
 𝒒𝒑𝒄𝒖 the smallest of :
𝐅𝐜𝐮 𝟐𝟓
 . 𝟑𝟏𝟔√ =. 𝟑𝟏𝟔√ = 𝟏. 𝟑 𝐍⁄
𝛄𝐜 𝟏.𝟓 𝐦𝐦𝟐
𝛂∗𝐝 𝐅𝐜𝐮 𝟑∗𝟐𝟑𝟎 𝟐𝟓

 .𝟖( +. 𝟐) ∗ √ 𝛄𝐜 = . 𝟖 ( 𝟐𝟓𝟎𝟎 +. 𝟐) ∗ √𝟏.𝟓 = 𝟏. 𝟕𝟓 𝐍⁄
𝐛 𝐦𝐦𝟐
𝐚 𝐅𝐜𝐮 𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝟐𝟓
 . 𝟑𝟏𝟔 (𝐛 +. 𝟓) ∗ √ 𝛄𝐜 =. 𝟑𝟏𝟔 (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 +. 𝟓) ∗ √𝟏.𝟓 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟑 𝐍⁄
𝐦𝐦𝟐
 1.6 𝐍⁄
𝐦𝐦𝟐
 𝐪𝐩𝐮 = . 𝟖𝟓𝟑 𝐍⁄ < 𝐪𝐩𝐜𝐮

𝐦𝐦𝟐
OK safe punching
VILLA 1.19
1.3 Design Of Stairs :
1.3.1 Manual Solution
Figure 1.22 Stair Cross Section
2.3.1 Dimensions:
𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑛 428
 𝑡𝑠 = 24∶30 = 24:30 = 0.20 𝑚
 𝐻Story= 3.00 𝑚
 𝑅𝑖𝑠𝑒 = 0.15 𝑚
 𝐺𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 0.30 𝑚
0.15
 𝜃= tan−1 ( ) = 26.5 °
0.30
2.3.2 Loads:
For Landing (S1)
 Ws = 1.4 D.L + 1.6 L.L
= 1.4 (0.20*25 + 1.5) + 1.6(3)

= 13.90 KN/m2
VILLA 1.20
for flight (S2)

𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑝 20 15
 tave = t’ + = 𝐶𝑜𝑠 (26.56) + = 29.85 cm
2 2
 Wu = 1.4 (25*0.2985 +1.5)+1.6(3) = 17.34 KN/m2
For Strip (1):

0.12
 Rs1 = 13.9 * = .834 KN/m
2
0.12 0.12
 Mu1 = .834*0.70-13.9* 4
* 2 = 0.56 KN.m
Design of Section of Landing

 Mu1 = 0.56 KN.m
𝑀𝑢
 d = c1 * √𝐹𝑐𝑢∗𝑏
0.56∗ 106
180 = c1 * √ 25∗1000
c1 = 38.03 ⇛ J = 0.826
𝑀𝑢 0.56∗106
 As = 𝐹𝑦∗𝐽∗𝑑
= 360∗0.826∗180 = 10.46 mm2
 Use AS ⇛ 5 ∯ 10 / m
VILLA 1.21
For Flight (S2)
∑ M@ Rs3 = 0
Rs2*4.53 = 14.46*1*(0.5+2.70+0.83)+17.30*2.70*2.70*(1.35+0.83)
+14.46*0.83*0.415
Rs2 = 36.5 KN/m
Rs3 = 36.78 KN/m
1 2.70 2.70 2.70
Mu2 = 63.5*2.35 - (14.46*1)*(2 + 2 ) – 17.34 *( 2 + 4 ) = 24.00 KN.m
Design of Section of Flight :

 Mu1 = 24.00 KN.m
𝑀𝑢
 d = c1 * √𝐹𝑐𝑢∗𝑏
24∗ 106
180 = c1 * √25∗1000
c1 = 5.80 ⇛ J = 0.826
𝑀𝑢 24.00∗106
 As = 𝐹𝑦∗𝐽∗𝑑
= 360∗0.826∗180 = 448.39 mm2
 Use AS ⇛ 5 ∯ 16 / m
VILLA 1.22
1.3.2 Using SAP program
VILLA 1.23
1.3.3 Design of supporting beam (‫( كمرة نصف الدور‬
b = 25 cm , t = 75 cm
Loads
O.W = 25*0.25*0.75=4.68 KN/m`
Rs3 = 36.78 KN/m`
Wwall = 0.12*1.1*1.5+0.05*2.1*1.1 = 0.32 t = 3.2 KN/m`
Figure 1.27 Beam Loads
2.97 2.97 1.44 1.41

Rb1 = 4.68 * +2.3 * + 36.78 * +36.78 * = 64.1133 KN/m
2 2 2 2
2.97 2.97 2.97 2.97 2.97 1.44 0.12

Mu (center) = (64.1133 * 2
) – (4.68 * 2
* 4
) – (2.3 * 2
* 4
) – (36.78 * 1.44*2
* 2
= 38.71 KN.m
Design of section
M = 38.71 KN.m
d = t-cover = 750-20 = 730 mm = 73 cm
𝑀𝑢
d = c1 * √𝐹𝑐𝑢∗𝑏
38.71∗ 106
730= c1 * √ 25∗250
c1 = 6.08 ⇛ J = 0.826
𝑀𝑢 38.71∗106
As = 𝐹𝑦∗𝐽∗𝑑 = 360∗0.826∗730 = 178.32 mm2
Use 4 ∯ 12
As`=0.1As Use 2 ∯ 12
Shrinkage Steel : The Largest of

2 ∯ 12
0.8As = 309 mm2 Use 2 ∯12
VILLA 1.24
1.3.3.1 Check of Shear on Beam Section:
𝐹𝑐𝑢 25
Qcu = 0.24√ 𝛾𝑐 = 0.24 √1.5 = 0.98 N/mm2
𝐹𝑐𝑢 25
qmax = 0.7 √ = 0.7 √ = 2.86 N/mm2
𝛾𝑐 1.5
9.994∗104
qu = 𝑄𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑏∗𝑑
=
250∗730
= 0.59 N/mm2
qcu > qu
Use Stirrups 5 ∯ 8 / m as minimum
increase stirrups around supports as shown in tables
1.3.4 Design of beam using SAP program
VILLA 1.25
Figure 1.31 Stair Reinforcement in plan
Figure 1.32 Reinforcement in sec 2-2
VILLA 1.26
Figure 1.33 Sec 1-1 Reinforcement
VILLA 1.27
1.4 Design of Beams:
 Concrete dimensions
Assume b = 25 cm
𝒍 𝟓.𝟕𝟎
t = 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟏𝟐 = .47 = 50 cm
t > 3ts ts = 25 cm t = 75 cm
 Loads on beams
1) Own weight
2) Load from slab
3) Load from wall
 𝑨𝒔= 𝑴𝒖
𝑭𝒚∗𝒋∗𝒅
1.4.1 Basement Slab Beams:
Figure 1.34 Moment of basement slab beams
Table 1.1 Reinforcement of basement slab beams
VILLA 1.28
1.4.2 Ground Slab Beams :
Figure 1.35 Moment of ground slab beams
Table 1.2 Reinforcement of Ground Slab Beams
VILLA 1.29
1.4.3 Typical Floor Beams:
Figure 1.36 Moment of typical floor beams
Table 1.3 Reinforcement Typical floor beams
VILLA 1.30
1.4.5 Shear on Beams:

1.4.5.1 Basement Beams:
Figure 1.37 Shear on Basement Roof Beams
1.4.5.2 Ground Beams:
Figure 1.38 Shear on Ground Roof Beams
VILLA 1.31
1.4.5.3 Typical Floor Beams:
Figure 1.39 Shear on Typical Floor Beams
1.4.6 Check of Shear on Beam Section:

Max Shear On Basement Floor (2-2) = 11.365 t
 𝒒 𝑭𝒄𝒖 𝟐𝟓
𝑪𝑼= .𝟐𝟒√ 𝜸𝒄 = .𝟐𝟒√𝟏.𝟓= .𝟗𝟖 𝐍⁄𝐦𝐦𝟐
 𝒒 𝑭𝒄𝒖 𝟐𝟓
𝑴𝒂𝒙= .𝟕√ 𝜸𝒄 = .𝟕√𝟏.𝟓= 𝟐.𝟖𝟔 𝐍⁄𝐦𝐦𝟐
𝑸𝑴𝒂𝒙 𝟏𝟏.𝟑𝟔𝟓∗𝟏𝟎𝟒
 𝒒𝒖= = =. 𝟓 𝐍⁄𝐦𝐦𝟐
𝒃∗𝒅 𝟐𝟓𝟎∗𝟗𝟎𝟎
 So Use Stirrups 5 ∯ 𝟖 ⋰ 𝒎 As A Minimum
 Increase Stirrups around Supports
VILLA 1.32
1.5 Design of Columns :
Figure 1.40 Axis of columns
VILLA 1.33
 1.5.1 Design of coulmns section ( subjected to axial compression force )

 For 1‫ ع‬on axis (5-5) ,( ‫آ‬-‫)أ‬
 Concrete dimensions use the largest of
 𝟐𝟎
𝒍
=
𝟑𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟓
=15cm
 𝟏𝟓
𝒉
=
𝟑𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟓
=20cm
 𝟑𝟎𝒄𝒎
Use b=30
 Pu=142.252 ton(from etabs )
 Pu actual=1420252*1.1=157 ton
 Pu actual=.35AC*fcu+.67AS*Fy (assume As=0.01Ac)
 157*10^3=.35*Ac*250+.67*3600*0.01Ac
 Ac= 1406.55 cm2
 𝑨𝑪
T= =60 cm
𝒃
 Check of buckling (braced column)
 In short direction
𝒌∗𝑯𝒐 .𝟕𝟓∗𝟑
𝜆= = = 7.5 < 15 short column
𝒃 .𝟑
 In long direction
𝒌∗𝑯𝒐 .𝟕𝟓∗𝟑
𝜆= = =3.75 < 15 short coulmn
𝒃 .𝟔
As =0.01*30*60=18 cm2 Use 10 ∯ 16
VILLA 1.34
 For 1‫ ع‬on axis (7-7) ,( ‫)ه –ه‬
 Concrete dimensions use the largest of
 𝟐𝟎
𝒍
=
𝟑𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟓
=15cm
 𝒉
𝟏𝟓
=
𝟑𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟓
=20cm
 𝟑𝟎𝒄𝒎
 Use b=30
 Pu=225.976 ton(from etabs )
 Pu actual=225.976*1.1=249 ton
 Pu actual=.35AC*fcu+.67AS*Fy (assume As=0.01Ac)
 249*10^3=.35*Ac*250+.67*3600*0.01Ac
 Ac= 2230.78cm2
 𝑨𝑪
T= =80 cm
𝒃
 Check of buckling (braced column)
 In short direction
𝒌∗𝑯𝒐 .𝟕𝟓∗𝟑
𝜆= = =7.5 < 15 short column
𝒃 .𝟑
 In long direction
𝒌∗𝑯𝒐 .𝟕𝟓∗𝟑
𝜆= = =2.81 < 15 short coulmn
𝒃 .𝟖
As =0.01*30*80=24 cm2 Use 12∯ 16
VILLA 1.35
1.5.2 Table of columns
Table 1.4 Columns loads and sections (ultimate)
VILLA 1.36
Figure 1.43 Columns reactions (Ultimate)
VILLA 1.37
 1.6 Design of Foundation
1) Bearing Capacity for Soil = 20 t/m2
2) Tensile Steel Stress Fs= 2000 kg/cm2
3) Compressive Concrete Stress Fc = 60 kg/cm2
4) Allowed Punching Stress t p= 100 t/m2
5) Allowed Shear Stress t s = 80 t/m2
6) Allowed Bond Stress t b= 12 kg/cm2
Table 1.5 Columns loads and sections (Working)
VILLA 1.38
Table of actual loads of columns that foundations designed by:
Table 1.6 Actual columns loads and sections for foundations
Figure 1.44 Columns reactions (Working)
VILLA 1.39
1) For ( 2 ‫) ق‬
1.1 Input Data :
 Column Working Load = 160 ton
 Column Dimension a = 80 cm
b = 30 cm
 Plain Concrete Depth = 0.30 m
 Plain Concrete Extension = 0.30 m
1.2 Concrete Dimension :

 B.C = Pt / (A x B)
160
20 = 𝐴∗𝐵
 A * B= 8
 (a+2x)*(b+2x) → x = 1.15 m
 Ap.c = 0.8+2*1.15 = 3.10 m , Bp.c = 0.3+2*1.15 = 2.60 m
 AR.C = 2.60 m , BR.C = 2.10 m
160
 qact = Pt/(AP.C*BP.C) = 3.10∗2.60 = 19.85 t/m2 < B.C
160
 qcon = Pt/(AR.C*BR.C) = = 29.30 t/m2 OK
2.60∗2.10
1.3 Design for Moment
Figure 1.45 Sections of Moment of 3 ‫ق‬
VILLA 1.40
 For Sec ( 1-1)
0.9
M1-1 = 29.30*0.9*2.10* 2 = 24.91 t.m
 For Sec (2-2)
0.9
M2-2 = 29.30*0.9*2.60* 2 = 30.85 t.m
assume t = 70 cm , d = t-cover = 65 cm
 As1
d = K1√(M1/B1)
65 = K1 √(24.91 ∗ 105 /210)
K1 = 0.6 , K2 = 1832
As1= M1-1/(K2*d) = 20.92 cm2
0.2
As min = µ Ac = *100*65 = 13 cm2 < As1
100
20.92
As1/m = 2.10
= 9.96 cm2/m (5Φ16/m)
 As2
d = K1√(M1/B1)
65 = K1 √(30.85 ∗ 105 /260)
K1 = 0.6 , K2 = 1832
As1= M2-2/(K2*d) = 25.9 cm2
0.2
As min = µ Ac = 100 *100*65 = 13 cm2 < As1
25.9
As1/m = = 9.96 cm2/m (5Φ16/m)
2.60
VILLA 1.41
1.4 Check of Punching
Figure 1.46 Check of Punch
𝑃𝑐𝑜𝑙
qp = 2( (𝑎+𝑑)+(𝑏+𝑑))∗𝑑
160∗103
= 2( (80+65)+(30+65))∗65 = 5.12 kg/cm2 = 51 t/m2 < 80 t/m2 OK . Safe
1.5 Check of Shear
Figure 1.47 Check of Shear of 3‫ق‬
 For Sec (1-1)
qs1 = Qsh1 / (B*d)

Qsh1 = 29.30*2.10*(1.15-0.65) = 30.77 ton
qs1 = 22.54 t/m2 < 60 t/m2
OK .Safe
 For Sec (2-2)
qs2 = Qsh2 / (B*d)

Qsh2 = 29.30*2.60*(1.15-0.65) = 38.09 ton
qs2 = 22.53 t/m2 < 60 t/m2 OK .Safe
VILLA 1.42
1.6 Check of Bond
Figure 1.48 Check of Bond

 For Sec (1-1)
Qmax = 29.30*1.15*2.10= 70.76 t

∑ 𝑜 = 7 ∗ 1.6 ∗ 𝜋 ∗ 2.10
𝑄 𝑚𝑎𝑥 69.47∗ 103
qB = ∑ 𝑜∗𝑑
= 8∗1.6∗𝜋∗2.10∗65 = 11.69 kg/cm2 < 12 kg/cm2
OK . Safe
 For Sec (2-2)
Qmax = 29.30*1.15*2.60 = 87.60 t

∑ 𝑜 = 7 ∗ 1.6 ∗ 𝜋 ∗ 2.60
𝑄 𝑚𝑎𝑥 87.60∗ 103
qB = ∑ 𝑜∗𝑑
= 8∗1.8∗𝜋∗2.60∗65 = 11.45 kg/cm2 < 12 kg/cm2
OK . Safe
VILLA 1.43
Figure 1.49 Foundations
Table 1.5 Foundations reinforcement
VILLA 1.44
1.7 Design of Retaining Wall :
Figure 1.50 Section of Retaining wall
1.7.1 Loads
 Thickness of wall: 30 cm
 Use Fill sand ∅𝟑𝟎
 𝛾𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙 = 1.8 t/𝑚3
1−sin ∅
 𝐾𝑎 = = 0.33
1+sin ∅
 𝑞( 𝑠𝑢𝑟 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 ) = 0.1 t/𝑚2
 𝑞 ∗ 𝐾𝑎 = 0.033 t/𝑚2
 𝛾 ∗ ℎ ∗ 𝐾𝑎 = 1.8 * 2.4 * 0.33 = 1.4256 t/𝑚2
@
 𝑃1 = 0.1 * 0.33 * 2.4 = 0.0792 t/𝑚2 → 1.2 m
2.4 @
 𝑃2 = 1.8 * 0.33 * 2.4 * 2
= 1.71 t/𝑚2 → 0.8 m
1.7.2 Design of critical section (𝒂𝒔 uncracked section)

 𝑀𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 = 0.0792 * 1.2 + 1.71 * 0.8 = 1.463 t.m/𝑚\
 t = 30 cm , d = 27 cm
𝑀 1.463∗105
 d = 𝐾1 √ 𝑏 27 = 𝐾1 √ 100
→ 𝐾1 = 0.7 , K2 = 1832
𝑀 1.463∗105
 As = 𝐾2∗𝑑 = 1832∗27
= 2.96 cm2
 Use 𝐴𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑛 6 ∯ 12 / 𝑚\ (Vertical) in both side
 Use 𝐴𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑛 6 ∯ 12 / 𝑚\ ( horizontal) in both side
VILLA 1.45
1.8 Design of Strip footing (under retaining wall)
1.8.1 Concrete dimensions
H = 2.6+0.8=3.4 m
B = 0.4H → 0.7H = 1.80 m
1.8.2 Loads
Pwall = (2.5*0.3*2.6)+(1.8*2.4*0.775)+(1.8*0.2*0.775)+(2.5*0.8*1.85) = 9.277 t/m`
1.8.2 Loads
Pwall = (2.5*0.3*2.6)+(1.8*2.4*0.775)+(1.8*0.2*0.775)+(2.5*0.8*1.85) = 9.277 t/m`
𝑃𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 9.277
qact = 𝐵 𝑟.𝑐 = 1.80 = 5.015 t/m` < B.C = 20 t/m2 OK Safe
1.8.3 Moment
𝑥2 0.7752
Mmax = q * 2
= 5.015 * 2
= 1.51 t.m/m`
𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥
d= K1*√
𝑏
d = t –cover = 80-5 = 75 cm
1.51∗ 105
75 = K1* √
100
K1 = 1.93 , K2 = 1832
𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 1.51∗ 105
As/m` = = = 1.1 cm2 → Use min 6Φ12
𝑘2∗𝑑 1832∗75
Figure 1.51 Reinforcement of R.w , strip footing
VILLA 1.46
1.9 Design of Hollow block slab
1.9.1 Given data

Fcu = 25 N/mm2
Fy = 360 N/mm2
L.L = 250 Kg/m2
Floor cover = 150 Kg/m2
Wall load = 280 Kg/m2
1.9.2 Concrete Dimension
Blocks
Use 20*20*40 (hagarite blocks)
Solid slab
ts = 5 → 10 cm use ts = 8 cm
ttotal = 20 + 8 = 28 cm
Ribs
assume b = 10 cm
e = 40 cm
Figure 1.53 Section of Hollow block slab
VILLA 1.47
1.8.3 Layout and arrangement
1) Short Direction
 Between 2 - 2 and 3 - 3
B3
420 = S + 2
+ n*40 + (n-1)*10
assume B3 = 100 cm
S = 25 cm
n = 8 blocks
 Between 1 - 1 and 2 - 2
B3 B3
366 = 2
+ 2
+n*40 *(n-1)*10
assume B5 = 100 cm
n = 6 blocks
2) Long Direction
 Between ‫ج‬-‫ ج‬and ‫ د‬-‫د‬
B4 B4
420 = 2
+ 2
+ n*40 + (n-1)*10
assume B4 = 100 cm
n = 7 blocks
3) Arrangement of Cantilever
73 = S1+n*20
assume S1 = 40 cm (Loaded)
n = 2 blocks
VILLA 1.48
Figure 1.54 Arrangement of blocks
1.8.4 Loads
Wsu = 1.4 D.L + 1.6 L.L

= 1.4 (Wtable + 𝛾c *(ts – 0.05) + covering + Wwall) + 1.6 L.L
= 1.4 (0.38+2.5(0.08-0.05)+0.15+0.28) + 1.6 *0.25 = 1.6 t/m2
W/rib = Wsu / 2 = 0.8 t/m2
 S1 (4.20 *4.20 )
4.20
r= = 1 < 2 (two way) → Marcus
4.20
α = 0.396 , β = 0.396
Wα = 0.3168 t/m2
Wβ = 0.3168 t/m2
 S2 (3.66 *4.20 )
4.20
r= = 1.14 < 2 (two way) → Marcus
3.66
α = 0.508 , β = 0.2975
2
Wα = 0.4064 t/m
Wβ = 0.238 t/m2
VILLA 1.49
 S3 (0.73*4.20) → Cantilever
4.20
r = 0.73 = 5.75 > 2 (one way)
Ws = 0.8 t/m2
 S4 (3.66 *4.20 )
4.20
r= = 1.14 < 2 (two way) → Marcus
3.66
α = 0.508 , β = 0.2975
Wα = 0.4064 t/m2
Wβ = 0.238 t/m2
Figure 1.55 Reinforcement of H.B
VILLA 1.50
Group 3 Concrete Project 2019
Part 2
High Rise Building
2.1
High Rise Building
2.2
High Rise Building
2.3
High Rise Building
2.1 INTRODUCTION:
2.1.1 High Rise Building Consists of:

 Basement of (3.52) m height
 Ground Floor of (3.04) m height
 11 Typical Floors each (3.04) m height
2.1.2 Material Properties Used:
 Fcu=300 kg/cm2
 Fy(main steel)=3600 kg/cm2
 Fy(stirrups)=2400 kg/cm2
 Weight of used brick =1500 kg/m3
 Bearing Capacity of Soil = 1.5 kg/m2
2.1.3 Cover Thickness
 Slabs Cover = 2 cm
 Beams Cover = 2 cm
 Columns Cover = 2.5 cm
 Foundations Cover = 5 cm
 Stairs Cover = 2 cm
 Ramp Cover = 2 cm
2.1.4 Loads Used:
 L.L= According to every Floor

 Cover = 0.15 ton
 0.05 * 1.5 ‫ سم‬5 ‫رمل تسوية بسمك‬
 0.01 * 2.1 ‫ سم‬1 ‫مونة أسمنتيه بسمك‬
 0.02 * 2.1 ‫ سم‬2 ‫سياميك بسمك‬
‫بالط ر‬
 0.02 * 2.1 ‫ سم‬2 ‫محارة أسفل البالطه بسمك‬
 Wall = 0.3 t/m
 0.20 * 1.5 = 0.30 t/m ‫ سم‬20 ‫حوائط بسمك‬
 Used 0.3 t/m
 D.L = Own weight + Covering Material + Wall Load
2.4
High Rise Building
2.1.5 Design Method:
 Ultimate limit state design
2.1.6 Computer Programs Used in Analysis :
 (Etabs + Safe + SAP2000 + CSI Column + Excel)
2.1.7 Design Code:
 Egyptian code of practice 2007
2.5
High Rise Building
2.2 DESIGN OF SLABS:
2.2.1 Basement Slab: (Flat Slab System)
Figure 2.2.1 Statical System of Basement Roof
 Own weight = 0.25* 2.5 = 0.625 t/m2.
 Covering = 150 kg/m2 = 0.15 t/m2.
 Live load = 300 kg/m2 = 0.3 t/m2 ⇛ (‫)سكن‬
 Wall load = 300 kg/m
2
= 0.3 t/m2.
2.6
High Rise Building
 D.L = O.W +Wwall + Covering material

 = 2.5 *0.25+ 0.3 + 0.15 = 1.075 ton/m2
 L.L = 300 kg/cm2 = 0.3 ton/m2
 Wu = 1.4 D.L + 1.6 L.L = 1.985 ton/m2

𝑀𝑢
- 𝐴𝑠 = [ ]
𝐹𝑐𝑢∗𝐽∗𝑑
𝜋∗(1.2)2
- Mu = As * Fy *J *d = 7*( ) ∗ 3600 ∗ 0.695 ∗ 23 ∗ (10)−5
4
- M(r)= 4.55 t.m ⇛ Use 7 ∯ 12 / m in each Direction
Additional RFT (3.5 ∯ 12 /m) & (7 ∯ 12 / m) upper and lower
2.7
High Rise Building
In Y-Direction (Upper):
2.8
High Rise Building
In Y-Direction (Lower):
2.9
High Rise Building
Figure 2.2.6 Short Term Deflection
For Slab :
 From Code Check = L/360

 Span for Check =5.25 m
 Allowable Deflection = 0.0145 mm
 Maximum Deflection = 0.00103 mm
For Capoly :

 Span for Check = 1.63 m
2.10
High Rise Building
Figure 2.2.7 Long Term Deflection
For Slab:

For Capoly:

2.11
High Rise Building
2.2.2 Ground Slab (Flat Slab System)
Figure 2.2.2.1 Statical System of Ground Roof
 Own weight = 0.25* 2.5 = 0.625 t/m2.
 Covering = 150 kg/m2 = 0.15 t/m2.
 Live load = 300 kg/m2 = 0.3 t/m2 ⇛ (‫)سكن‬
2
 Wall load = 300 kg/m = 0.3 t/m2.
2.12
High Rise Building
Solving this flat slab By Using CSI Safe program:

 = 2.5 *0.25+ 0.3+ 0.15 = 1.075 ton/m2
 L.L = 300 kg/cm2 = 0.3 ton/m2
 Wu = 1.4 D.L + 1.6 L.L = 1.985ton/m2

𝑀𝑢
- 𝐴𝑠 = [𝐹𝑐𝑢∗𝐽∗𝑑 ]
𝜋∗(1.2)2
- Mu = As * Fy *J *d = 7*( ) ∗ 3600 ∗ 0.695 ∗ 23 ∗ (10)−5
4
Figure 2.2.2.2 Additional Reinforcement in X-Direction (Uppe
2.13
High Rise Building
2.14
High Rise Building
2.15
High Rise Building
For Slab :

For Capoly :

2.16
High Rise Building
For Slab:

 Maximum Deflection = 0.0027mm
For Capoly:

2.17
High Rise Building
2.2.3 Typical Slab:
Figure 2.2.3.1 Statical System of Typical Slab
2
 Own weight = 0.25* 2.5 = 0.625 t/m .
2
 Covering = 150 kg/m = 0.15 t/m2.
2
 Live load = 300 kg/m = 0.3 t/m2 ⇛ (‫)سكن‬
2
 Wall load = 300 kg/m = 0.3 t/m2.
2.18
High Rise Building

 = 2.5 *0.25+ 0.3 + 0.15 = 1.075 ton/m2
 L.L = 300 kg/cm2 = 0.3ton/m2
 Wu = 1.4 D.L + 1.6 L.L = 1.985 ton/m2

𝑀𝑢
- 𝐴𝑠 = [𝐹𝑐𝑢∗𝐽∗𝑑 ]
𝜋∗(1.2)2
- Mu = As * Fy *J *d = 7*( ) ∗ 3600 ∗ 0.695 ∗ 23 ∗ (10)−5
4
2.19
High Rise Building
2.20
High Rise Building
2.21
High Rise Building
For Slab :

For Capoly :

2.22
High Rise Building
For Slab:

For Capoly:
 From Code Check = L/ 450

 Maximum Deflection = 0.00348mm
2.23
High Rise Building
2.2.4 Check of Punching Shear: (Basement Roof)
2.2.4.1 Edge Column (C8=40*160) on (1 – ‫ )ز‬Axis
𝐿1 𝑑
 𝑄𝑃𝑢 = Ws ∗ [ 2 ∗ 𝐿2 − (𝐶1 + 2 ) ∗ (𝐶2 + 𝑑 )]
 d = 𝑡𝑠 – 30 mm = 250 – 30 = 220 mm = 0.22 m
 𝑄𝑃𝑢 = 0.2* (5.10/2*4.25)-)0.4+0.22/2)*(1.6+0.22)( = 20.4 t
𝑑
 𝐴𝑃 = ( 𝑏𝑜 * d ) = 2 [( 𝐶2 + 2 ) + (𝐶1 + 𝑑 )] ∗ d
220
= [2 ( 1600 + 2
) + 2( 400 + 220) ] ∗ 220
= 932000 mm2
𝑄𝑃𝑢
 𝑞𝑃𝑢 = *B
𝐴𝑃
20400
= ∗ 1.3= 0.028 N/𝑚𝑚2
932000
𝑓 30
 𝑞𝑃𝑐𝑢 = 0.316 √ 𝛾𝑐𝑢 = 0.316 √1.5 = 1.41 N/𝑚𝑚2
𝑐
𝛼∗𝑑 𝑓
 𝑞𝑃𝑐𝑢 = 0.8 ( + 0.2) ∗ √ 𝛾𝑐𝑢 = 1.27 N/𝑚𝑚2
𝑏0 𝑐
𝑎 𝑓
 𝑞𝑃𝑐𝑢 = 0.316 (0.5 + 𝑏 ) * √ 𝛾𝑐𝑢 = 1.059 N/𝑚𝑚2 (Minimum according to code)
𝑐
 𝑞𝑃𝑢 = 0.00697 N/𝑚𝑚2 < 𝑞𝑃𝑐𝑢 = 1.059 N/𝑚𝑚2
OK safe punching
2.24
High Rise Building
2.2.4.2 Interior Column (C6 = 40*130) on (3 – ‫(ه‬Axis:
 𝑄𝑃𝑢 = Ws ∗ [𝐿1 ∗ 𝐿2 − (𝐶1 + 𝑑) ∗ (𝐶2 + 𝑑 )]
 d = 𝑡𝑠 – 30 mm = 250 – 30 = 220 mm = 0.22 m

 𝑄𝑃𝑢 = 2.0*[3.675 ∗ 4 − (0.4 + 0.22) ∗ (1.30 + 0.22 )] = 27.51 ton
 𝐴𝑃 = ( 𝑏𝑜 * d ) = [2( 𝐶1 + 𝑑) + 2(𝐶2 + 𝑑 )] ∗ d
= [2( 400 + 220 ) + 2( 1300 + 220) ] ∗ 220
= 941600 mm2
𝑄𝑃𝑢
 𝑞𝑃𝑢 = 𝐴𝑃
*B
27510
= 941600 * 1.15 = 0.03 N/𝑚𝑚2
𝑓𝑐𝑢 30
 𝑞𝑃𝑐𝑢 = 0.316 √ = 0.316 √ = 1.41 N/𝑚𝑚2
𝛾𝑐 1.5
𝛼∗𝑑 𝑓
 𝑞𝑃𝑐𝑢 = 0.8 ( + 0.2) ∗ √ 𝛾𝑐𝑢 = 1.45 N/𝑚𝑚2
𝑏0 𝑐
𝑎 𝑓
 𝑞𝑃𝑐𝑢 = 0.316 (0.5 + 𝑏 ) * √ 𝛾𝑐𝑢 = 1.141 N/𝑚𝑚2 (Minimum according to code)
𝑐
 𝑞𝑃𝑢 = 0.00697 N/𝑚𝑚2 < 𝑞𝑃𝑐𝑢 = 1.141 N/𝑚𝑚2
OK safe punching
2.25
High Rise Building
2.2.0034.3 Corner Column (C1 = 30*80) on (16 – ‫ )ل‬Axis:

𝐿1 𝐿2 𝑑 𝑑
 𝑄𝑃𝑢 = Ws ∗ [ 2 ∗ 2
− (𝐶1 + 2 ) ∗ (𝐶2 + 2 )]
 d = 𝑡𝑠 – 30 mm = 250 – 30 = 220 mm = 0.22 m
3.55 4.20 0.22 0.22

 𝑄𝑃𝑢 = 2.0∗ [ 2
∗ 2 − (0.3 + 2 ) ∗ (0.8 + 2 )] = 6.954 t
𝑑 𝑑
 𝐴𝑃 = ( 𝑏𝑜 * d ) = [(𝐶1 + 2 ) + (𝐶2 + 2 )] ∗ d
220 220
= [( 300 + 2
) + ( 800 + 2
)] ∗ 220
= 290400 mm2
𝑄𝑃𝑢
 𝑞𝑃𝑢 = 𝐴𝑃
*B
6954
= * 1.30 = 0.031 N/𝑚𝑚2
290400
𝑓 30
 𝑞𝑃𝑐𝑢 = 0.316 √ 𝛾𝑐𝑢 = 0.316 √1.5 = 1.41 N/𝑚𝑚2
𝑐
𝛼∗𝑑 𝑓
 𝑞𝑃𝑐𝑢 = 0.8 ( + 0.2) ∗ √ 𝑐𝑢 = 1.908 N/𝑚𝑚2
𝑏0 𝛾𝑐
𝑎 𝑓𝑐𝑢
 𝑞𝑃𝑐𝑢 = 0.316 (0.5 + ) * √ = 1.236 N/𝑚𝑚2 (Minimum according to code)
𝑏 𝛾𝑐
 𝑞𝑃𝑢 = 0.00697 N/𝑚𝑚2 < 𝑞𝑃𝑐𝑢 = 1.236 N/𝑚𝑚2
OK safe punching
2.26
High Rise Building
2.3 Design of Stairs
2.3.1 (Three Flight Stair Axis )‫ و) – (ز – ز‬- ‫(و‬
2.3.1.1 Manual Solution
Figure 2.3.1 Stair Cross Section
2.3.1 Dimensions:
𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑛 3.6
 𝑡𝑠 = 24∶30 = 24:30 = 0.16 𝑚
 𝐻Story= 3.04 𝑚
0.15
 𝜃= tan−1 (0.30) = 29.05 °
 𝑅𝑖𝑠𝑒 = 0.15 𝑚
 𝐺𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 0.27 𝑚
2.27
High Rise Building
2.3.2 Loads:
For Flight (S1, S2)
0.16 0.15
 tav =
𝐶𝑜𝑠(29.05)
+ 2 = 0.258 𝑚
 Wu = 1.4 D.L + 1.6 L.L
= 1.4 (25*.258 + 1.5) + 1.6(3) = 15.93 KN/m2
For Strip (1) (Flight 1):
Figure 2.3.2 Strip (1) of Stair
15.93∗0.54
 𝑅𝑆1 = 2
= 4.30 KN
0.54 0.54 0.54
 𝑀1 = 4.30*( 0.50 + 2
) - (15.93* 4 * 2
) = 2.73 KN.M
2.28
High Rise Building
Design of Section of Landing
 𝑀1 = 2.73 KN.M
𝑀
 d = 𝐶1 * √𝐹
𝑐𝑢 ∗ 𝑏
2.73∗106
258 – 30 = 𝐶1 * √
30∗1000
𝐶1 = 23.5 → J = 0.826
𝑀𝑢 2.73∗106
 𝐴𝑆 = 𝐹𝑦∗𝐽∗𝑑
= 360∗.826∗228
= 40.26 𝑚𝑚2
Use AS ⇛ 5 ∯ 10 / m
For Flight (S2)
𝞢 𝑴 @ 𝑅 𝑆3 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎
1 1.62
R S2 ∗ ( 1 + 1.62 + 1) = ( 15.93 + 4.30) ∗ 1 ∗ ( + 1.62 + 1) + (15.93 ∗ 1.62 ∗ ( + 1) +
2 2
(15.93 + 4.3) ∗ 1 ∗ 0.5
So R S2 = 33.13 𝐾𝑁
So R S3 = 33.13 KN
2.29
High Rise Building
1.62 1.62 1.62 1.62

𝑀2 = 33.13 ∗ (1 + ) − 20.23 ∗ 1 ∗ (0.5 + ) − 15.93 ∗ ∗
2 2 4 2
= 28.23 𝐾𝑁. 𝑀
Design of Section of Flight:
 𝑀2 = 28.23 KN.M
𝑀
 d = 𝐶1 * √𝐹
𝑐𝑢 ∗ 𝑏
28.23∗106
 258 – 30 = 𝐶1 * √ 30∗1000
 𝐶1 = 7.43 → J = 0.826
𝑀𝑢 28.23∗106
 𝐴𝑆 = 𝐹𝑦∗𝐽∗𝑑
= 360∗.826∗228
= 416.38 𝑚𝑚2 = 4.16 𝑐𝑚2
Use AS ⇛ 6 ∯ 12 / m but Use 5∯16 /m
Figure 2.3.3 Plan of reinforcement of stair
2.30
High Rise Building
Figure 2.3.4 Reinforcement of sec 1
2.31
High Rise Building
Figure 2.3.5 Reinforcement of sec 2
2.32
High Rise Building
2.4 Design of Beams

2.4.1 Basement Slab Beams:
Figure 2.4.1 Basement Slab Beams
2.33
High Rise Building
2.4.2 Ground Slab Beams :
Figure 2.4.2 Ground Slab Beams
2.34
High Rise Building
2.4.4 Typical Floor Beams:
Figure 2.4.3 Typical Floor Beams
2.35
High Rise Building
2.4.4 Shear on Beams:

2.4.4.1 Basement Beams:
Figure 2.4.4.1 Shear on Basement Roof Beams
Max Shear On Basement Floor On grid ( ‫ ز‬-‫) ز‬
On Basement Roof Section (2 ‫)ك‬
𝐹𝑐𝑢 30
 qcu = 0.24 √ γ = 0.24 √1.5 = 1.07 N/mm2
c
𝐹𝑐𝑢 30
 qmax = 0.7 √ γ = 0.7 √1.5 = 3.13 N/mm2
c
Qmax 5.48∗ 104

 qu = = = 0.2922
b∗d 250∗750
𝑞𝑐𝑢 > qu
Increase stirrups around supports as shown in tables
2.36
High Rise Building
2.4.4.2 Ground Beams:
Figure 2.4.4.2 Shear on Ground Roof Beams
Max Shear on Ground Floor On grid (‫ ز‬-‫) ز‬
On Ground Roof Section (2 ‫)ك‬
𝐹𝑐𝑢 30
 qcu = 0.24 √ = 0.24 √ = 1.07 N/mm2
γc 1.5
𝐹𝑐𝑢 30
 qmax = 0.7 √ γ = 0.7 √1.5 = 3.13 N/mm2
c
Qmax 5.5899∗ 104

 qu = b∗d
= 250∗750
= 0.2981
𝑞𝑐𝑢 > qu
2.37
High Rise Building
2.4.4.3 Typical Floor Beams
Figure 2.4.4.3 Shear on Typical Floor Beams
Max Shear on Repeated Floor On grid (1 -1)
On Repeated Roof Section (3 ‫)ك‬
𝐹𝑐𝑢 30
 qcu = 0.24 √ γ = 0.24 √1.5 = 1.07 N/mm2
c
𝐹𝑐𝑢 30
 qmax = 0.7 √ γ = 0.7 √1.5 = 3.13 N/mm2
c
Qmax 6.0541∗ 104

 qu = = = 0.3228
b∗d 250∗750
𝑞𝑐𝑢 > qu
2.38
High Rise Building
2.5 Design of Columns
Figure 2.5.1 Columns Axis
2.39
High Rise Building
2.5.1 Design of Column Section (subjected to axial compression force)
2.5.1.1 1 ‫ ع‬on axis (2-2), ( ‫) ب – ب‬
 PU = 222.45 ton (From Etabs Program)

 Pu actual = 222.45*1.1 = 244.69 ton = 245 ton
 Pu actual = 0.35 Ac Fcu + 0.67 As Fy
 245*1000 = 0.35*Ac*300 + 0.67*3600*0.01*Ac
 Ac = 1897.45 cm2
𝑨𝒄 𝟏𝟖𝟗𝟕.𝟒𝟓
 assume b = 30 cm , t = = = = 80 cm
𝑩 𝟑𝟎
 Check of Buckling (unbraced column)

 in short direction
b < ts (fixed-fixed)
𝐾 ∗ 𝐻0 ∗ 1.2 ∗ 3.04
λ = = =12
𝑏 .3
10< λ <15 ⇛ Long Column
 in Long direction
b > ts (partially fixed)
𝐾 ∗ 𝐻0 1.5 ∗ 3.04
λ = = = 5.7 < 10 ⇛ Short Column
𝑡 0.8
 Design
𝛌2 ∗𝑏 𝟏𝟐2 ∗300
δ= = = 21.6 mm = .0216 m
2000 2000
𝑀𝑎𝑑𝑑 = Pu * δ = 245*0.0216 = 5.292 t.m
𝑀𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 ⇛ The Largest of
 𝑀𝑎𝑑𝑑 = 5.292 t.m

 𝑀𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑝𝑢 * 𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑛 * = 245*0.05*0.8 = 9.8 t.m
𝑀𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 = 9.8 t.m

𝑝𝑢 245∗1000
= = 0.340
𝐹𝐶𝑢 ∗ 𝑏∗ 𝑡 300∗ 30∗ 80
𝑀𝑢 9.8∗100000
= = 0.0453
𝐹𝐶𝑢 ∗ 𝐛2 ∗ 𝑡 300∗ 𝟑𝟎2 ∗ 80
2.40
High Rise Building
Design using Interaction diagram
Figure 2.5.1.1 Interaction Diagram for Rectangular Section
P= 3
µ = 3*30* 𝟏𝟎−4 = 0.009
As = 0.009*30*80 = 21.6 cm
Use 12 Φ 16
2.41
High Rise Building
2.5.1.2 10‫ ع‬on axis (4-4), (‫ ج‬-‫) ج‬
 PU = 628.7 ton (From Etabs Program)

 Pu actual = 628.7*1.1 = 691.57 ton = 692 ton
 Pu actual = 0.35 Ac Fcu + 0.67 As Fy
 692*1000 = 0.35*Ac*300 + 0.67*3600*0.01*Ac
 Ac = 5359.35 cm2
𝑨𝒄 𝟓𝟑𝟓𝟗.𝟑𝟓
 assume b = 50 cm , t = = = = 110 cm
𝑩 𝟓𝟎
 Check of Buckling (unbraced column)

 in short direction
b > ts (fixed-fixed)
𝐾 ∗ 𝐻0 1.5 ∗ 3.04
λ = = = 9.12 < 10 Short column
𝑏 0.5
in Long direction
b > ts (partially fixed)
𝐾 ∗ 𝐻0 1.5 ∗ 3.04
λ = = = 4.14 < 10 Short column
𝑡 1.1
 Design
As = 0.01 Ac = 0.01*50*110 = 55 cm2
Use 18 Φ 20
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2.5.1.3 Table of Columns:
Table 2.5.1.3 Columns
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2.6 Design of Shear Wall (W1 = 0.4 *2.10) on axis ( ‫( ك – ك‬
Case (1):
 Pu = 712 t
 Mux = 4.8826 t.m
 Muy = 2.6792 t.m
𝑃𝑢 712∗ 104
1. Rb = = = 0.3
𝐹𝑐𝑢∗𝑏∗𝑡 30∗400∗2100
𝑀𝑢𝑥 4.8826∗107
2. 𝐹𝑐𝑢∗𝑏∗ 𝑡 2
= 30∗400∗21002 = 0.00092
𝑀𝑢𝑦 2.7∗ 107
3. 𝐹𝑐𝑢∗𝑡∗ 𝑏2
= 30∗2100∗ 4002 = 0.0026
4. p = 2
5. µ = 2*30*10−4= 0.006
6. As = 0.006*400*2100 = 5040 mm2
7. Use 26 ∯ 16
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Case (2):
 Pu = 479.68 t
 Mux = 29.72 t.m
 Muy = 7.85 t.m
𝑃𝑢 479.68∗ 104
 Rb = 𝐹𝑐𝑢∗𝑏∗𝑡 = 30∗400∗2100 = 0.3
𝑀𝑢𝑥 29.72∗107
 𝐹𝑐𝑢∗𝑏∗ 𝑡 2
= 30∗400∗21002 = 0.0056
𝑀𝑢𝑦 7.85∗ 107
 𝐹𝑐𝑢∗𝑡∗ 𝑏2
= 30∗2100∗ 4002 = 0.0077
1. p = 2
2. µ = 2*30*10−4= 0.006
3. As = 0.006*250*4100 = 5040 mm2
4. Use 26 ∯ 16
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Case (3):
 Pu = 470.038 t
 Mux = 122.571 t.m
 Muy = 1.52 t.m
𝑃𝑢 470.038∗ 104
 Rb = 𝐹𝑐𝑢∗𝑏∗𝑡 = 30∗400∗2100 = 0.3
𝑀𝑢𝑥 122.571∗107
 𝐹𝑐𝑢∗𝑏∗ 𝑡 2
= 30∗400∗21002 = 0.023
𝑀𝑢𝑦 1.52∗ 107
 𝐹𝑐𝑢∗𝑡∗ 𝑏2
= 30∗2100∗ 4002 = 0.0015
1. p = 2
2. µ = 2*30*10−4= 0.006
3. As = 0.006*400*2100 = 5040 mm2
4. Use 26 ∯ 16
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𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛= .01 * 400 * 2100 = 8400 mm2
Use Asmin 30 ∯16 , 15 ∯ 16 /each side
compression , tension ‫ نتيجة لل‬10 ∯ 18 ‫ تم تكثيف الحديد يف االركان‬: ‫ملحوظة‬
Figure 2.6.4 W1 Reinforcement
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2.6.1 Table of Walls:
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2.7 Design of Core 1 (using CSI Column program)
Case (1):
 Pu = 2721.06 t
 Mux = 96.0863 t.m
 Muy = 672.147 t.m
Case (2):
 Pu = 1570.82 t
 Mux = 4895.1 t.m
 Muy = 693.011 t.m
Case (3):
 Pu =1962.53 t
 Mux = 480.576 t.m
 Muy = 5301.31 t.m
Use As Total= 270 Φ 16
Figure 2.7.1 Core Cross Section
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2.7 Design of Core 2 (using CSI Column program)
Case (1):
 Pu = 2002.2 t
 Mux = 93.2968 t.m
 Muy = 6.2793 t.m
Case (2):
 Pu = 1814.62 t
 Mux = 795.957 t.m
 Muy = 642.057 t.m
Case (3):
 Pu =1426.6 t
 Mux = 4223.35 t.m
 Muy = 61.2171 t.m
Use As Total= 218 Φ 16
Figure 2.7.2 Core Cross Section
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2.8 Effect of Earthquake on tower
2.8.1 Manual solution
𝑊
𝐹𝑏 = 𝛿 𝑑 (𝑇1) ∗ 𝜆 ∗
𝑔
3⁄ 3⁄
𝑇1 = 𝐶𝑡 * (𝐻) 4 = 0.05 * (40) 4 = 0.795 Sec 𝐶𝑡 …. Other Structures
 Seismic Zone
Second Zone (𝑎𝑔 = 0.125g = 1.23 m/𝑠 2 )
 Soil Type (c) Type I
S =1.5 , TB = 0.1 , TC = 0.25 , TD = 1.2 TC < TI < TD

2.5𝜂 𝑇𝑐
𝛿 𝑑 (𝑇1) = 𝑎𝑔 * γ1 * S * *( ) > 0.2 𝑎𝑔 * γ1
𝑅 𝑇1
 γ1 (Importance factor) = 1
 𝜂 (damping factor) = 1
 R (Reduction factor) = 5
2.5𝜂 𝑇𝑐
𝛿 𝑑 (𝑇1) = 𝑎𝑔 * γ1 * S * *( ) > 0.2 𝑎𝑔 * γ1
𝑅 𝑇1
2.5∗1 .25
𝛿 𝑑 (𝑇1) = 1.23 * 1 * 1.5 * *( ) = 0.29 ≮ 0.2 ag * 1 = 0.2*1.23*1= 0.246
5 0.795
Use 𝛿 𝑑 (𝑇1) = 0.29
Wi = D.L +Ψ L.L
D.L = O.w + cover + Wwall
Wtotal (From Etabs) = 14423 Ton

𝑊 14423
𝐹𝑏 ( Ultimate Base Shear Force ) =𝛿 𝑑 (𝑇1) ∗ 𝜆 ∗ = 0.29 * 1 * = 426.36
𝑔 9.81
𝑊𝑖 ∗𝑍𝑖
𝐹𝑖 = * 𝐹𝑏
𝑆𝑢𝑚 (𝑊𝑖 ∗𝑍𝑖 )
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𝑀𝑂𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑇𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 =10311.89 t.m
M torsional = Vi * emin = 426.36 *0.05 * 40 = 852.72 t.m
Figure 2.8.1 Overturning Moment
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Check of stresses between (Shear wall, cores) and Foundation:
From AutoCAD program
𝐼𝑋 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑏 = 65.8871 𝑚4
𝐼𝑦 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑏 = 265.7979 𝑚4
𝐼𝑦 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑏 > 𝐼𝑋 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑏
The critical section is X-direction
A (Core, Shear Wall) = 12.5 𝑚2

−𝑁 𝑀𝑥
𝐹1,2 = 𝐴
± 𝐼𝑥
𝑦
−14423 10311.89
𝐹1 = 12.5
− 65..8871 ∗ 3.52 = -1045.14 t/𝑚2 = -104.51 Kg/𝑐𝑚2 < 1.25 𝐹𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙
1.25 𝐹𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 1.25* 95 =118.75 Kg/𝑐𝑚2

−14423 10311.89
𝐹2 = 12.5
+ 65..8871 ∗ 3.52 = 56.66 t/𝑚2 = 5.666 Kg/𝑐𝑚2 < 1.25 𝐹𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙
𝐹1 , 𝐹2 < 1.25 𝐹𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙 Ok Safe
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2.8.2 Check of Displacement
Figure 2.8.2 Maximum Story Displacement
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Table 2.8.2 Story Response Data
Max Displacement at 11th Floor
 X-Direction =0.1101
 Y-Direction = 0.067
Height of Building = 40 m
𝐻 40
Allowable Displacement according to ECP = 500 = 500
= 0.08 m Working Method
Ultimate Method = 0.08*1.5 = 0.12
Ok »»» Safe
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2.8.3 Check of Drift:
Figure 2.8.3 Maximum Story Drifts
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Table 2.8.3 Story Response Values ( Drift ) 2.58

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2.8.4 Check of Maximum Distance Between C.M , C.R:
Table 2.8.4 Story Response Values
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2.8.5 Check of Overturning Moment (Etabs program)
Table 2.8.5 Forces , Overturning moment
Figure 2.8.6 Forces caused by earthquakes
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2.9 Design of Deep Foundation (Raft on Piles)
Use Thickness of Raft = 130 cm
Pile diameter = 60 cm
Pile capacity = 100 ton
Total building weight (working method) = reactions of column , shear wall and
core + 𝑂𝑊𝑅𝑤 + 𝑂𝑊𝑟𝑎𝑓𝑡
 Reactions of columns (Etabs program) = 16235 ton

 𝑂𝑊𝑅𝑤 = 𝛾𝑐 ∗ 𝐻𝑊 ∗ 𝑡𝑊 ∗ 𝐿𝑊 = 2.5*0.3*3*85 = 191.25 ton
 𝑂𝑊𝑅𝑎𝑓𝑡 = ( 𝑂𝑊𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 + Cover + 𝑊𝑊𝑎𝑙𝑙 + 𝐿. 𝐿 𝐷𝑢𝑒 𝑇𝑜 𝐶𝑎𝑟𝑠 ) ∗ 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎
= ( (2.5*1.3 + .15 + .25 + 0.5 )) * 810.975 = 3365.15 ton
Total building weight = 16235+191.25+3365.15 = 19791.4 ton

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐵𝑢𝑖𝑙𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 19791.4
No. of piles = 100
= 100
= 200 Piles
Increase no. of piles by 25% to carry lateral loads generated by earthquake
No, of piles = 200 *1.25 =250 piles Use 279
Piles spacing (s) = (2→3)D
s = 1.57 m “ s = 2.616 D “
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Figure 2.9.1 Piles arrangement
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2.9.1 Design of Raft on Piles (Safe program)`
𝑡𝑅𝑎𝑓𝑡 = 130 cm
𝑑𝑃𝑖𝑙𝑒 = 60 cm
P = K ∆ → P = 100 ton, ∆ = 1cm

𝑃 100
𝐾𝑆𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 = = = 10000 t/m
∆ .01
Use 85% 𝐾𝑆𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 = .85 * 10000 = 8500 t/m
 For raft
𝜋 (2.22 )
𝑡𝑅𝑎𝑓𝑡 = 𝐴𝑆 * 𝐹𝑦 ∗ J * d = 7 * ( 4
) *3600 * .695 *125 * 10−5 = 83.22 t.m
Use mesh 7 ∯ 22 / m` upper, lower RFT
Additional RFT 3.5 ∯ 22/m
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Table of piles forces:
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Figure 2.9.6 Piles Cross Section
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2.9.1.1 Check of Punching Shear on Raft
 For Column 7 (40*150)
Col load = 685 ton
𝑡𝑅𝑎𝑓𝑡 = 130 Cm
d = 𝑡𝑅𝑎𝑓𝑡 – cover = 130-7 = 123 cm

𝑝𝐶𝑜𝑙
𝑞𝑢𝑝 =
𝟐((𝒂+𝒅)+(𝒃+𝒅)∗𝒅
685∗ 103
= 𝟐((𝟐𝟕𝟑+𝟏𝟕𝟑)∗𝟏𝟐𝟑 = 6.24 kg/cm2
< 8 kg/cm2
Ok Safe
For pile no. 158

Pile load = 80.73 ton
d pile = 60 cm
𝑄𝑢𝑝 80.73 ∗ 103

𝑞𝑢𝑝 = = = 1.14 kg/cm2
𝝅∗𝑫∗𝒅 𝝅∗𝟏𝟖𝟑∗𝟏𝟐𝟑
< 8 kg/cm2 Ok Safe
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2.10 Design of Retaining wall:
Thickness of wall = 30 cm
Use Fill sand ∅𝟑𝟎
𝜸𝒔𝒐𝒊𝒍 = 1.8 t/𝒎𝟑

1−sin ∅
 𝐾𝑎 = = 0.33
1+sin ∅
 𝑞( 𝑠𝑢𝑟 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 ) = 0.1 t/𝑚2
 𝑞 ∗ 𝐾𝑎 = 0.033 t/𝑚2
 𝛾 ∗ ℎ ∗ 𝐾𝑎 = 1.8 * 2.4 * 0.33 = 1.4256 t/𝑚2
@
 𝑃1 = 1 * 0.33 * 2.47 = 0.8151 t/𝑚2 → 1.235 m
2.47 @
 𝑃2 = 1.8 * 0.33 * 2.47 * 2
= 1.81 t/𝑚2 → 0.823 m
Figure 2.10.1 Section of Retaining wall
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2.10.1 Design of critical section (𝒂𝒔 uncracked section)
 𝑀𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 = 0.8151 * 1.235 + 1.81 * 0.823 =2.496 t.m/𝑚\

 t = 30 cm
 d = 27 cm
𝑀
 d = 𝐾1 √
𝑏
2.496∗105
27 = 𝐾1 √ → 𝐾1 = 0.54 𝐾1 = 1832
100
𝑀 2.496∗105
𝐴𝑠 = 𝐾2 ∗𝑑
= 1832∗27
= 5.04 𝑐𝑚2
Use 𝐴𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑛 6 ∯ 12 / 𝑚\ (Vertical) in both side
Use 𝐴𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑛 6 ∯ 12 / 𝑚\ (horizontal) in both side
Figure 2.10.2 Reinforcement of Retaining wall
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PART 3: (Shell roof structures)
i
Introduction 3.1
PART: 3 (Shell roof structures)

Chapter 1: Manual Analysis
Double curved shells are shells generated by translation of one plane curve over another plane
curve.
1-1-Dimensions & loads:
Empirical dimensions
Clear height = 6 m
30
Rise at crown = use rise = 4m
5−8
Assume t s = 10 cm
Loading
𝒘𝒖 = 1.4(𝛾𝑐 ∗ 𝑡𝑠 + 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟) + 1.6 ∗ 𝑙. 𝑙
𝒘𝒖 = 1.4(25 ∗ .1 + .5) + 1.6 ∗ 1
𝒘𝒖 = 𝟓. 𝟖 𝒌𝒏/𝒎𝟐
Getting A.B.C
A*b 2 = B*a 2 a=b=15cm
A=B 1
C-Aa2-Ab4/a2-6Ab2=-w/4r
C-225A-225A-6225A=-5.8/4*45
1 1
Radius of curvature = (𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 ) (152 + 152 ) = 45 m
2ℎ 2∗5
C-1800A=-.033222 2
𝑤𝑟
𝑏2𝐴 − 𝐶 =
2(𝑎2 +𝑏2 )
The HaLL 3.2

5.8∗45
152 𝐴 − 𝐶 =
2(152 +152 )
225A-C =-.29 3
Solving the three eqn we get
A=2.046*10-4 ,
B=2.046*10-4 , c=.336
Nx=2(2.046*10-4*X2 + 12.276*10-4X2Y2 + .244X2 - .2762Y2 - 65.24)

Ny=2(2.046*10-4*Y2 + 12.276*10-4X2Y2 + .244Y2 - .2762X2 - 65.24)
Nxy = -.976XY-.00164(X3Y+Y3X)
On the X – axis (Y = 0.0 )

X 0 5 10 15
Nx -130.48 -118.02 -77.6 0
Ny -130.48 -144.29 -185.72 -254.77
Nxy 0 0 0 0
At the edge (Y = 15 )
X 0 5 10 15
Nx -254.77 -228.5 -146.6 0
Ny 0 0 0 0
Nxy 0 -103.9 -226.4 -385.65
On the Y – axis (X = 0.0 )

Y 0 5 10 15
Nx -130.48 -118.02 -77.6 0
Ny -130.48 -144.29 -185.72 -254.77
Nxy 0 0 0 0
The HaLL 3.3

At the edge (X = 15 )
Y 0 5 10 15
Nx -254.77 -228.5 -146.6 0
Ny 0 0 0 0
Nxy 0 -103.9 -226.4 -385.65
1-2-Check of stresses:
1- Max NX Ny @ middle of the shell
N = - 130.48 kn/m
−130.48∗1000 .67 𝐹𝐶𝑢
F = = 1.3 MPA < = .45 Fcu = 13.5 MPA
1000∗100 𝛾𝑐
OK SAFE
2- Max NX Ny @ edge
N = - 254.77 kn/m
− 254.77 ∗1000 .67 𝐹𝐶𝑢
F = = 2.5477 MPA < = .45 Fcu = 13.5 MPA
1000∗100 𝛾𝑐
OK SAFE
3- @ corner ( shear only )
385.5 ∗1000
F = = 17.34 MPA > 1.35 UN SAFE
1000∗100
Increase Depth OK SAFE
1-3-RFT for moment @ edge:

M = .094 r.t.w
= .094*45*.1*5.8 = 2.45 kn.m/m
X = .6√𝑟𝑡 = .6 √45 ∗ .1 = 1.27 m
Moment is very small and can be neglected
Use mesh ∴ 𝑢𝑠𝑒 5 ∅ 10 /𝑚 upper and lower
The HaLL 3.4

1-4-RFT for diagonal tension @ corners:

It is recommended to increase the thickness of the shell @ corner to about 200 mm and to resist
the principal tensile stress N1 by top and bottom corner rft @ 45o to the axes X & Y normal to
the bisector of the corner angle
/ m
kn
. 7 2
85
8
0.
32
3 T1
T2
25
5.
9
1
T3
19
11
6.
12
T4
T5 1
/m
kn
2 1
6 1.
The HaLL 3.5

@ POINT 2 N1 ( tension) = N2 (compression) = Nxy= 385.7

@ POINT 1 X=10 , Y=10 Nx=Ny =-108.3 kn/m Nxy = -130.4
𝑁𝑥 +𝑁𝑦 𝑁𝑥 +𝑁𝑦 2
N12 = ± √( ) + Nxy 2
2 2
Get
N1 = -61.21 tension
N2 = 277.81 comp
385.7 − 61.21
𝛥= = 64.9
5
385.7 + 320.8
𝑇1 = = 353.25 𝐾𝑛 /𝑚
2
𝑇2 = 288.4 𝑘𝑛 /𝑚
𝑇3 = 223.5 kn/m
𝑇4 = 158.6 kn/m
𝑇5 =39.66 kn/m
𝑇𝑢 𝑇𝑢
𝐴𝑠 = 𝐹𝑦 𝐴𝑠 = 360
𝛾𝑠 1.15
As1 = 1128.5 mm2 ∴ 𝑢𝑠𝑒 6 ∅ 16 /𝑚

As2 = 921.3 mm2 ∴ 𝑢𝑠𝑒 5 ∅ 16 /𝑚
As3 = 714 mm2 ∴ 𝑢𝑠𝑒 5 ∅ 16 /𝑚 Top & bottom
As4 = 506.6 mm2 ∴ 𝑢𝑠𝑒 5 ∅ 12 /𝑚
As5 = 300 mm2 ∴ 𝑢𝑠𝑒 5 ∅ 10/𝑚
The HaLL 3.6

Chapter 2: Analysis using Sap2000 v18.2

Using the general equation of elliptic paraboloid
𝒛 𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐
= +
𝒄 𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐
2-1-Excel sheet & draw the shell:
An Excel sheet was made substituting in the above equation and getting various points on
the surface.
The HaLL 3.7

Then an autocad2016 3D model was made using these co-ordinates. Then, this model was
exported to Sap2000 as a dxf file.
Loads added to the model :
Dead load : 50 kg/m2 As covering material
Live Load : 100 Kg/m2 As maintainance and construction load.
Then membrane forces (f11,f22) and shear force (f12) and diagonal tension(fmax) and
diagonal compression (fmin) were investigated.
This analysis showed that manual analysis give higher results than finite element analysis
(approximately twice).
,so manual design results for shell were adopted and used.
The HaLL 3.8

F11
The HaLL 3.9

F22
F12
The HaLL 3.10

Fmax
2-2-Analysis and design of arch girders and columns:

Straining actions using sap2000
Moment (m33)
The HaLL 3.11

Axial Force
The HaLL 3.12

Chapter 3: Design of Diaphragms ( Arch Girders )

Arch A
Arch B
Arch B Arch C Arch B
Arch B
3-1-Design of section:
Sec (A)
M = 40 KN.m
N = 1237 KN
𝑀 110 𝑡
𝑒= = = .11 <
𝑁 1000 2
small ecc use interaction diagram
𝑷𝒖 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
=
𝑭𝒄𝒖 ∗ 𝒃 ∗ 𝒕 𝟑𝟎 ∗ 𝟒𝟎𝟎 ∗ 𝟑𝟎𝟎
= . 𝟑𝟒𝟒
𝑴𝒖 𝟒𝟎∗𝟏𝟎𝟔
= = . 𝟎𝟐𝟕𝟖
𝑭𝒄𝒖 ∗𝒃∗𝒕𝟐 𝟑𝟎∗𝟑𝟎𝟎∗𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟐
𝜁 = .8 GET : ρ = 1 µ = 1*3*10-4
Use As = .4/100*b*t = .4/100 *.3*.4 =4.8 cm2 top & bottom 3 ? 16
∴ 𝒖𝒔𝒆 𝟑 ∅ 𝟏𝟔 top & bottom 3 ? 16
The HaLL 3.13

3-2-Design of Tie:
Tu = 120 ton
As =150*10000/(360/1.15) =4791 mm2
Use 10 ∅ 25
3-3-Design of Hanger:
Tu=1.5*(2.5*.3*.3*5)=1.678
As=1.678*10000/(360/1.15)=54 mm2
Use 4∅ 12
The HaLL 3.14

3-4-Design of columns:
Reactions of columns using sap2000
The HaLL 3.15

Using ECG Company Excel Sheet

Example :
The HaLL 3.16

The HaLL 3.17

The HaLL 3.18

Chapter 4: Design of foundation

A csi safe 12.3.2 is used to analyze our pile cap :
4-1-Cap No: 1
Case Ultimate Working
Pu 190 ton 127 ton
Mx 22 m.t 15 m.t
My 9 m.t 6 m.t
Arrangement of piles:
Assume tcap = 60 cm
The HaLL 3.19

Model on safe to be analyzed:
Force on piles :-
The capacity of pile is 60 ton and diameter 40 cm

From results we see that the force on piles is less than the pile capacity
The HaLL 3.20

Check of shear :-
Shear at x direction :
Shear at Y direction :
The HaLL 3.21

𝑄𝑢𝑠 = 50 𝑡𝑜𝑛
𝑄𝑢𝑠 ∗ 104
𝑞𝑢𝑠 =
𝑏∗𝑑
50 ∗ 104
𝑞𝑢𝑠 = = 1 𝑀𝑃𝐴 < 1.07 𝑜𝑘 𝑠𝑎𝑓𝑒
1000 ∗ 500
Design for moment :-

Moment at x direction :
Moment at Y direction :
The HaLL 3.22

Max moment = 23 m.t
𝑀𝑈 23∗107
𝑑 = 𝐶1 √ 500 = 𝐶1 √
𝐹𝑐𝑢 ∗𝑏 𝐹𝑐𝑢 ∗𝑏
C1= 5.7 J =.826

𝑀𝑢
𝐴𝑠 =
𝑓𝑦 ∗𝑗∗𝑑
23∗107
𝐴𝑠 = ∴ 𝐴𝑠 = 1546𝑚𝑚2
360∗.826∗1000
∴ 𝑢𝑠𝑒 8 ∅ 16 /𝑚
Final layout:
The HaLL 3.23

4-2-cap No :2
Case Ultimate Working
Pu 110 ton 74 ton
Mx 36 m.t 24 m.t
My 9 m.t 6 m.t
Number of piles :
p𝑐𝑜𝑙
n= ∗ 1.2
𝑄𝑎𝑙𝑙
n = 3 piles
Arrangement of piles :-
Assume tcap = 60 cm
The capacity of pile is 60 ton and diameter 40 cm
The HaLL 3.24

Check of forces on piles :

𝑁𝑡 𝑀𝑥 ∗ 𝑦 𝑀𝑦 ∗ 𝑥
𝐹𝑏 = + +
𝑛 ∑𝑦 2 ∑𝑥 2
Nt = pcol + w pilecap
NT = 78 ton
Pile 1 & 2
Coordinates X Y
Pile 1 -.6 -.348
Pile 2 +.6 -.348
Pile 3 0.0 +.696

2
∑ .72 .723
78 24 ∗ .348 6 ∗ .6
Fb = + +
3 . 723 . 72
Fb = 42.6 ton < 60 ton ok safe
Pile 3
𝐹𝑏 = 31.8 𝑡𝑜𝑛 < 60 𝑡𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑘 𝑠𝑎𝑓𝑒
The HaLL 3.25

Check of punching shear ( edge col ) :
𝛼∗𝑑 𝑓𝑐𝑢
𝑞𝑐𝑢𝑝 = .8( + .2) ∗ √ = 1.78 𝑀𝑝𝑎
𝑏0 γc
𝑎 𝑓𝑐𝑢
= .316(.5 + ( ) ∗ √ = 2.11 𝑀𝑝𝑎
𝑏 γc
𝑄𝑢𝑝
𝑞𝑢𝑝 =
𝑏0 ∗ 𝑑
𝑄𝑢𝑝 = 𝑝𝑐𝑜𝑙 − 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠 = 110 − .5 ∗ 43 = 88.5 𝑡𝑜𝑛
88.5 ∗ 104
𝑞𝑢𝑝 = = .55 𝑀𝑝𝑎 < 1.4 𝑜𝑘 𝑠𝑎𝑓𝑒
4000 ∗ 400
Calculating of stresses :
I1: stress under column

𝑝𝑐𝑜𝑙 110
𝐼1 = =
(𝑎 + 𝑑)(𝑏 + 𝑑) (.6 + .4)(.6 + .4)
2
= 110 𝑡/𝑚
𝐼2 = 1.4(γc ∗ 𝑡) 1.75 𝑡/𝑚2
𝐼3 = 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑝𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠
The HaLL 3.26

Check of shear :
Sec 1-1
𝑄𝑢𝑠 = 43 ∗ 1.5 + 32 ∗ 1.5 − 110 ∗ .33 − 1.75 ∗ 1.18 = 74.058 𝑡𝑜𝑛

𝑄𝑢𝑠 ∗ 104
𝑞𝑢𝑠 =
𝑏∗𝑑
74.058 ∗ 104
1900 ∗ 400
Sec 2-2
𝑄𝑢𝑠 = 2 ∗ 43 ∗ 1.5 − 110 ∗ .35 − 1.75 ∗ 1.19 = 88.42 𝑡𝑜𝑛
𝑄𝑢𝑠 ∗ 104
𝑞𝑢𝑠 =
𝑏∗𝑑
88.42 ∗ 104
𝑞𝑢𝑝 = = 1.16𝑀𝑝𝑎 > 1.07 𝑢𝑛 𝑠𝑎𝑓𝑒
1900 ∗ 400
Increase depth to 60 cm
88.42 ∗ 104
1900 ∗ 500
The HaLL 3.27

Design for moment:-

Sec 1-1
M1=43*1.5*.3-110*.2*.125-1.75*.778*.2866=16.2 m.t
Sec 2-2
M2=32*1.5*.4-110*.275*.125-1.75*.32*.37=15 m.t
Sec 3-3
M3=2*.7*43*1.5*.1-110*.275*.125-1.75*.89*.22=5 m.t
M1 > M2 > M3
C1=6.28>5 j=.826 As=1089.58 mm2 ∴ 𝑢𝑠𝑒 6 ∅ 16 /𝑚
The HaLL 3.28

Part 4 : (CIRCULAR ELEVATED TANK)
i
The tank 4.1
Chapter 1: (INTRODUCTION)
1.1 Elevated circular tank consists of:
Upper tank
Lower tank
Shaft
1.2 Material Properties Used:
Fcu=300 kg/cm2
Fcall = 70 kg/cm2
Fy(main steel)=3600 kg/cm2
Fy(stirrups)=2400 kg/cm2
Bearing Capacity of Soil = 1.0 kg/m2
1.3 Cover Thickness ≮ 4 cm
1.4 Loads Used:
L.L= 0.1 t/m2
Cover = 0.05 t/m2
1.5 Design Method:
Ultimate limit state design
444
THE TANK 4.2
Chapter 2: Dimensions
2.1 Upper Tank
𝝅∗(𝟕)𝟐 𝝅∗(𝟏.𝟓)𝟐 𝑫−𝟕 𝑫−𝟕

W water = [ ( * 7.5 ) – ( * 7.5 ) ] + [ * 2.5 * 2 𝝅 * ( + 3.5 )]+
𝟒 𝟒 𝟐 𝟒
𝑫−𝟕 𝑫−𝟕
[ * .5 * 5 * 2 𝝅 * ( + 3.5 ) ]
𝟐 𝟒
800 = 275.4 +1.96 (𝐃 − 𝟕) 𝟐+27.5(D -7) +1.3(𝐃 − 𝟕) 𝟐+27.5(D -7)

800 = 275.4 +3.26(𝐃 − 𝟕) 𝟐+55(D-7)
D1 = 14 m
444
THE TANK 4.3
2.2 Lower Tank
𝑫−𝟕 𝑫−𝟕 𝑫−𝟕 𝑫−𝟕

W water = [ *2.5 *2 𝝅 * ( + 3.5 ) ] + [ * .5 * 5 * 2 𝝅 * ( + 3.5 ) ]
𝟐 𝟒 𝟐 𝟔
400 = 3.26 (𝐃 − 𝟕) 𝟐 +55(D -7)
D2 = 13 m
444
THE TANK 4.4
Chapter 3: Design
3.1 Upper tank

3.1.1 Covering Floor
assume ts = 10 cm
L.L = 100 kg/m2 = 0.1 t/m2
Covering = 50 kg/m2 = 0.05 t/m2
P = 0.1*2.5+0.05+0.1 = 0.4 t/m2
M = coeff * P * r2 = 0.2*0.4*(3.5)2 = 0.98 t.m
(Neglect)
Use 6 Φ 10 /m
3.1.2 Posts
Height = 2 m
assume bp = 25 cm
tp = 25 cm
No, of posts = 15
𝝅∗𝟕𝟐
𝟎.𝟒∗( )
V = 𝟒
= 0.7 t/m
𝝅∗𝟕
𝝅∗𝟕
Load for Every post = 0.7 * + 2.5*0.25*0.25*2 = 1.34 ton
𝟏𝟓
𝟏.𝟑𝟒∗𝟏.𝟒∗𝟏𝟎𝟒
As = 𝟑𝟔𝟎
= 60 mm2 Use 4 Φ 12
𝟏.𝟏𝟓
444
THE TANK 4.5
3.1.3 Dry Cone
1. Geometrical Design
S = √𝟑𝟐 + 𝟑. 𝟓𝟐 = 4.6 m

𝟑
Sin Φ = 𝟒.𝟔 = 0.65
𝟑.𝟓
Cos Φ = = 0.67
𝟒.𝟔
𝟑
tan Φ = = 0.85
𝟑.𝟓
𝟕
a = = 10.77 m
𝐒𝐢𝐧 𝚽
2. Loads
Assume ts = 10 cm
g = O.W + Covering = 0.1*2.5+0.05 = 0.3 t/m2
L.L = 0.1 t/m2
𝟎.𝟑𝟒 ∗ 𝟏𝟓
V (load from posts) = 𝛑∗𝟕
= 1.34 t/m
W total = g*π*s(r1+r2) + L.L π r2 +V*2πr
= 0.3 * π * 4.6 (7+3.5) + 0.1* π * 72 +1.34 *2* π *3.5 = 80.7 ton
Pz = g cos Φ + L.L cos2 Φ = 0.3*0.76 + 0.1*(0.76)2 = 0.29 ton
444
THE TANK 4.6
3. Forces (at footing of the cone)
𝑾 𝟖𝟎.𝟕𝟎
V = 𝛑∗𝑫 = 𝛑∗𝟏𝟒
= 1.83 t/m
𝑽 𝟏.𝟖𝟑
NΦ compression = 𝐒𝐢𝐧 𝚽 = 𝟎.𝟔𝟓= 2.82 t/m
𝑽 𝟏.𝟖𝟑
H = 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝚽 = 𝟎.𝟖𝟓 = 2.15 t/m
Nθ compression = Pz * a = 0.29 *10.77 = 3.12 t/m
4. Check of stresses
NΦ,Nθ
Fc = 𝐛∗𝐭
≤ Fc all = 70 kg/cm2
For NΦ
𝟐.𝟖𝟐∗𝟏𝟎𝟑
Fc = 𝟏𝟎𝟎∗𝟏𝟎
= 2.82 kg/cm2 ≤ Fc all OK
For Nθ
𝟑.𝟏𝟐∗𝟏𝟎𝟑
Fc = 𝟏𝟎𝟎∗𝟏𝟎
5. Moment at edge
X = 0.6√𝒂 ∗ 𝒕 = 0.6 √𝟏𝟎. 𝟕𝟕 ∗ 𝟎. 𝟏𝟓
(𝟎.𝟑+𝟎.𝟏)∗(𝟎.𝟕𝟔)𝟐
M= = 0.12 t.m
𝟐
Very Small ---------- Neglected
Use 6 Φ 10 /m for NΦ , Nθ
444
THE TANK 4.7
3.1.4 Design of Ring beam
T = H * r = 2.15 *7 = 15.05 ton
Assume Ring Beam (30*60) cm
1. Check of Stresses
T 𝟏𝟓.𝟎𝟓∗𝟏𝟎𝟒
Fct = 𝐛∗𝐭 = 𝟑𝟎𝟎∗𝟔𝟎𝟎
= 0.84 N/mm2
Fct 𝟎.𝟔√𝟑𝟎
Fctr = = = = 2.2 N/mm2
𝜼 𝟏.𝟓
Fct < Fctr OK . Safe
2. Reinforcement
𝑻 𝟏𝟓.𝟎𝟓∗𝟏.𝟒∗𝟏𝟎𝟒
As = 𝑭𝒚 = 𝟑𝟔𝟎⁄ = 673 mm2
𝜸𝒔 𝟏.𝟏𝟓
As
As/side = 𝟐
= 336.5 mm2
Use 4 Φ 12
444
THE TANK 4.8
3. Loads form Ring Beam to Wall
V = 2.5 * 0.3 * 0.6 = 0.45 t/m
3.1.5 Design of Wall
assume Hinged connection

assume tw = 30 cm
D = 14 m
𝐻2 2.52
Tank Coefficient = 𝐷∗𝑇𝑤 = 14∗0.3 = 1.6
Straining actions:
1. Ring Tension (Table II)
T (duo to𝜸whw) = Coeff * * h * R = 0.385 *1 *2.5 *7
= 6.7 ton
Check of tensile stress
𝑇 6.7∗104
Fct = 𝑏∗𝑡 = 300∗1000 = 0.22 N/mm2
Fct 𝟎.𝟔√𝟑𝟎
Fctr = 𝜼
= 𝟏.𝟓
= 2.2 N/mm2
444
THE TANK 4.9
Reinforcement
𝑻
𝑭𝒚 𝟔.𝟕∗𝟏.𝟒∗𝟏𝟎𝟒
As = 𝜸𝒔
= 𝟎.𝟖𝟓∗𝟑𝟔𝟎 = 352.5 mm2
⁄𝟏.𝟏𝟓
As
As/side = = 176.3 mm2 Use 6 Φ 10
𝟐
2. Bending Moment (Table VIII)
M (duo to 𝛾w hw) = Coeff *𝛾 * (h)3

M ( at 0.7 h ) = 0.0255 * 1 * (2.5)3 = 0.4 t.m
3. Normal Forces
N = o.w wall + ( V1 + o.w ring beam )

= 2.5 *0.3 *2.5 + 2.28 = 4.2 t/m
4. Shear at base of wall
Q (duo to 𝜸w hw) = Coeff * 𝜸 * (h)2 = 0.204 *1*(2.5)2 = 1.3 t/m

(Causes HZ forces on Ring beam)
Design of Sec (1)
M = 0.4 t.m , N = 3.6 t/m
- Check of Stresses
−𝑵 𝟔𝑴 − 3.6∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟒 6∗0.4 ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟕

Fct = 𝒃∗𝒕 + 𝒃∗𝒕𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎∗𝟑𝟎𝟎 + 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎∗𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟐
= 0.15 N/mm
444
THE TANK 4.10
Fct
Fctr = 𝜼
Fct ( N ) −0.12
tv = t (1 – Fct ( M ) ) = 300 ( 1 - 𝟎.𝟐𝟕
) = 433 mm
η = 1.65
Fct 𝟎.𝟔√𝟑𝟎
Fctr = 𝜼
= 𝟏.𝟔𝟓
= 1.99 N/mm Fct < Fctr OK . Safe
- Reinforcement
M 0.4 t
e= 𝑵
= 𝟑.𝟔
= 0.111 < 𝟐
= 0.15 (Small eccentricity)
Pu 3.6∗ (𝟏𝟎)𝟑
= 𝟑𝟎𝟎∗𝟏𝟎𝟎∗𝟑𝟎 = 0.004
𝑭𝒄𝒖∗𝒃∗𝒕
Mu 0.4∗ (𝟏𝟎) 𝟓
Fcu∗b∗t2
= 𝟑𝟎𝟎∗𝟏𝟎𝟎∗𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝟐 = 0.001
ρ=1
μ = ρ *Fcu*𝟏𝟎−𝟒 = 1*30*𝟏𝟎−𝟒 = 3*𝟏𝟎−𝟑
As = μ*b*t = 0.003*100*30 = 9 cm2
Use 6 Φ 16 /side
444
THE TANK 4.11
3.1.6 Design of Wet Cone
S = √𝟓𝟐 + 𝟑. 𝟓𝟐 = 6.1 m

𝟓
Sin Φ = = 0.82
𝟔.𝟏
𝟑.𝟓
Cos Φ = 𝟔.𝟏 = 0.57
𝟓
tan Φ = 𝟑.𝟓 = 1.43
𝟕
a = 𝐒𝐢𝐧 𝚽 = 10.77 m
2. Loads
assume ts = 40 cm
g = O.W + Covering = 0.4*2.5+0.05 = 1.05 t/m2
W total = gπs(r1+r2) + 𝜸 *Vw + N.f *2πr
= 1.05 * π * 6.1 (7+3.5) + 1[( π * 0.5*5*3.5*2*4.7 )+(3.5*2.5*2* π*5.25)]
+4.2*2* π*7 = 943 ton
Pz = g cos Φ + 𝜸w*hw = 1.05*0.57+1*7.5 = 8.1 t/𝒎𝟐
444
THE TANK 4.12
𝑾 𝟗𝟒𝟑
V = 𝛑∗𝑫 = 𝛑∗𝟕 = 42.88 t/m
𝑽 𝟒𝟐.𝟖𝟖
NΦ compression = 𝐒𝐢𝐧 𝚽 = 𝟎.𝟖𝟐
= 52.3 t/m
𝑽 𝟒𝟐.𝟖𝟖
H = 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝚽 = 𝟏.𝟒𝟑
= 30 t/m
(Cause HZ force on Ring Beam)
NΦ,Nθ
Fc = 𝐛∗𝐭
For NΦ
𝟓𝟐.𝟑∗𝟏𝟎𝟑
Fc = = 13.1 kg/cm2 ≤ Fc all OK
𝟏𝟎𝟎∗𝟒𝟎
For Nθ
𝟑𝟒.𝟔∗𝟏𝟎𝟑
Fc = 𝟏𝟎𝟎∗𝟒𝟎
5. Reinforcement
NΦ 𝟓𝟐.𝟑∗𝟏.𝟒∗𝟏𝟎𝟒
As = 𝑭𝒚 = 𝟑𝟔𝟎∗𝟎.𝟖𝟓 = 2752 mm2
⁄𝟏.𝟏𝟓
𝜸𝒔
As
As/side = 𝟐
= 1376 mm2
Use 8 Φ 16
444
THE TANK 4.13
T = (H +Q)*r = (30 +1.3)*7 = 219.1 ton
T 𝟐𝟏𝟗.𝟏∗𝟏𝟎𝟒
Fct = 𝐛∗𝐭 = 𝟗𝟎𝟎∗𝟏𝟑𝟎𝟎 = 1.87 N/mm2
Fct 𝟎.𝟔√𝟑𝟎
Fctr = 𝜼
= 𝟏.𝟕
= = 1.9 N/mm2
2. Reinforcement
𝑻 𝟐𝟏𝟗.𝟏∗𝟏.𝟒∗𝟏𝟎𝟒
As = 𝑭𝒚 = 𝟑𝟔𝟎∗𝟎.𝟖𝟓 = 11528 mm2
⁄𝟏.𝟏𝟓
𝜸𝒔
As
As/side = = 5764 mm2
𝟐
Use 16 Φ 22
444
THE TANK 4.14
3.2 Design of Floor with circular hole
Hinged connection
Assume tf = 40 cm
Wf = O.w floor + 𝜸whw = 2.5*0.4 + 1*7.5 = 8.5 t/m2
O.w of area above floor =𝜸chw*twall*P = 2.5*8.15 *0.25*1.25*π = 20 ton
𝟐𝟎
O.w / Area of floor = 𝛑(𝟕𝟐 −𝟏𝟐 )
= 0.53 t/m2
𝟒
Wfloor total = 8.5+0.53 = 9.03 t/m2
Straining actions
- Radial and Tangential moment
M = coeff * Wfloor total * r2

Radial
Mradial = 0.041*9.03*(3.5)2 = 4.54 t.m
Tangential
Mtangential = 0.235*9.03* (3.5)2 = 26 t.m
Mtangential =0.117*9.03* (3.5)2 = 12.95 t.m
444
THE TANK 4.15
- Normal forces on floor
Design of Sec (1-1) → (water side section)
M = 26 t.m
N = 30 ton
- Check of Stresses
−𝑵 𝟔𝑴 − 30∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟒 6∗26 ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟕

Fct = 𝒃∗𝒕 + 𝒃∗𝒕𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎∗𝟒𝟎𝟎 + 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎∗𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟐
= 9 N/mm
Fct
Fctr = 𝜼
Fct ( N ) −0.75
tv = t (1 – Fct ( M ) ) = 300 ( 1- 𝟗.𝟕𝟓
) = 430.8 mm
η = 1.65
Fct 𝟎.𝟔√𝟑𝟎
Fctr = 𝜼
= 𝟏.𝟔𝟓
= 1.99 N/mm Fct > Fctr Unsafe
Increase (t) = 900 mm
−𝑵 𝟔𝑴 − 30∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟒 6∗26 ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟕

Fct = 𝒃∗𝒕 + 𝒃∗𝒕𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎∗𝟗𝟎𝟎 + 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎∗𝟗𝟎𝟎𝟐
= 1.59 N/mm < Fctr OK
- Reinforcement
M 26
e= 𝑵
= 𝟑𝟎
= 0.87 m → Big eccentricity
es = e +0.5t – cover = 0.87+0.45-0.04 = 1.28 m
Mus = 1.4*30*1.28 = 53.76 t.m

𝑀
d = c1√𝐹𝑐𝑢∗𝑏
53.76∗(10)7
860 = c1 √ 30∗1000
C1 = 6.42 → J = 0.826
444
THE TANK 4.16
𝐌𝐮𝐬 𝐍
As = 𝑭𝒚∗𝒋∗𝒅 - 𝑭𝒚
⁄𝜸𝒔
𝟓𝟑.𝟕𝟔 ∗ (𝟏𝟎)𝟕 𝟏.𝟒∗ 𝟑𝟎 ∗ (𝟏𝟎)𝟒

As = 𝟎.𝟖𝟓∗𝟑𝟔𝟎∗𝟎.𝟖𝟐𝟔∗𝟖𝟔𝟎 - 𝟎.𝟖𝟓∗𝟑𝟔𝟎⁄ = 894.77 𝒎𝒎𝟐
𝟏𝟓𝟎
As / side = 447.385 mm2
𝟎.𝟏𝟓
As min = 0.15% Ac = * 900 *1000 = 1350 𝒎𝒎𝟐
𝟏𝟎𝟎
As min > As
Use As min
As min / side = 675 mm2
Use (6 Φ 16 /side)
444
THE TANK 4.17
3.3 Lower Tank
3.3.1 Dry Cone
S = √𝟑𝟐 + 𝟑𝟐 = 4.24 m

𝟑
Sin Φ = 𝟒.𝟐𝟒 = 0.708
𝟑
Cos Φ =𝟒.𝟐𝟒 = 0.708
𝟑
tan Φ = = 1
𝟑
𝟔.𝟓
a = 𝐒𝐢𝐧 𝚽 = 9.18 m
2. Loads
assume ts = 10 cm
g = O.W + Covering = 0.1*2.5+0.05 = 0.3 t/m2
L.L = 0.1 t/m2
W total = gπs(r1+r2) + L.L π r2
= 0.3 * π * 4.24 (6.5+3.5) + 0.1* π * 6.52 =53.23 ton
Pz = g cos Φ + L.L cos2 Φ = 0.3*0.708 + 0.1*(0.708)2 = 0.26 ton
444
THE TANK 4.18
𝑾 𝟓𝟑.𝟐𝟑
V = 𝛑∗𝑫 = 𝛑∗𝟐∗𝟔.𝟓 = 1.3 t/m
𝑽 𝟏.𝟑
NΦ compression = 𝐒𝐢𝐧 𝚽 = 𝟎.𝟕𝟎𝟖= 1.84 t/m
𝑽 𝟏.𝟑
H = 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝚽 = 𝟏
= 1.3 t/m
NΦ,Nθ
Fc = 𝐛∗𝐭
For NΦ
𝟏.𝟖𝟒∗𝟏𝟎𝟑
𝟏𝟎𝟎∗𝟏𝟎
For Nθ
𝟐.𝟑𝟗∗𝟏𝟎𝟑
𝟏𝟎𝟎∗𝟏𝟎
5. Moment at edge
X = 0.6√𝒂 ∗ 𝒕 = 0.6 √𝟗. 𝟏𝟖 ∗ 𝟎. 𝟏𝟓
(𝟎.𝟑+𝟎.𝟏)∗(𝟎.𝟕)𝟐
M= = 0.098 t.m
𝟐
Very Small ---------- Neglected
Use 6 Φ 10 /m for NΦ , Nθ
444
THE TANK 4.19
T = H * r = 1.3 *6.5 = 8.45 ton
T 𝟖.𝟒𝟓∗𝟏𝟎𝟒
Fct = 𝐛∗𝐭 = 𝟑𝟎𝟎∗𝟔𝟎𝟎 = 0.47 N/mm2
Fct 𝟎.𝟔√𝟑𝟎
Fctr = = = = 2.2 N/mm2
𝜼 𝟏.𝟓
2. Reinforcement
𝑻 𝟖.𝟒𝟓∗𝟏.𝟒∗𝟏𝟎𝟒
As = 𝑭𝒚 = 𝟑𝟔𝟎⁄ = 3779.9 mm2
𝜸𝒔 𝟏.𝟏𝟓
As
As/side = 𝟐
= 188.95 mm2
Use 4 Φ 12
444
THE TANK 4.20
3. Loads form Ring Beam to Wall
V = 2.5 * 0.3 * 0.6 = 0.45 t/m
3.3.3 Design of Wall
assume tw = 30 cm
D = 13 m
𝐻2 22
Tank Coefficient = 𝐷∗𝑇𝑤 = 13∗0.3 = 1.2
Straining actions:
1. Ring Tension (Table II)
T (duo to𝜸whw) = Coeff * * h * R = 0.362 *1 *2 *6.5
= 4.706 ton
Check of tensile stress
𝑇 4.706∗104
Fct = 𝑏∗𝑡 = 300∗1000
= 0.157 N/mm2
Fct 𝟎.𝟔√𝟑𝟎
Fctr = = = 2.2 N/mm2
𝜼 𝟏.𝟓
444
THE TANK 4.21
Reinforcement
𝑻
𝑭𝒚 𝟒.𝟕𝟎𝟔∗𝟏.𝟒∗𝟏𝟎𝟒
As = 𝜸𝒔
= 𝟎.𝟖𝟓∗𝟑𝟔𝟎 = 247.6 mm2
⁄𝟏.𝟏𝟓
As
As/side = = 123.8 mm2 Use 6 Φ 10
𝟐
2. Bending Moment (Table VIII)
M (duo to 𝛾w hw) = Coeff *𝛾 * (h)3

M ( at 0.7 h ) = 0.0296 * 1 * (2)3 = 0.24 t.m
3. Normal Forces
N = o.w wall + ( V1 + o.w ring beam )

= 2.5 *0.3 *2 + 1.75 = 3.25 t/m
4. Shear at base of wall
Q (duo to 𝜸w hw) = Coeff * 𝜸 * (h)2 = 0.22 *1*(2)2 = 0.88 t/m

(Causes HZ forces on Ring beam)
Design of Sec (1)
M = 0.24 t.m , N = 2.8 t/m
- Check of Stresses
−𝑵 𝟔𝑴 − 2.8∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟒 6∗0.24 ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟕

Fct = + = + = 0.067 N/mm
𝒃∗𝒕 𝒃∗𝒕𝟐 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎∗𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎∗𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟐
Fct
Fctr = 𝜼
444
THE TANK 4.22
Fct ( N ) −0.093
tv = t (1 – Fct ( M ) ) = 300 ( 1- 𝟎.𝟏𝟔
) = 474.4 mm
η = 1.65
Fct 𝟎.𝟔√𝟑𝟎
Fctr = 𝜼
= 𝟏.𝟔𝟓
= 1.99 N/mm Fct < Fctr OK . Safe
- Reinforcement
M 0.4 t
e= 𝑵
= 𝟑.𝟔
= 0.111 < 𝟐
= 0.15 (Small eccentricity)
Pu 2.8∗ (𝟏𝟎)𝟑
= 𝟑𝟎𝟎∗𝟏𝟎𝟎∗𝟑𝟎 = 0.0031
Mu 0.24∗ (𝟏𝟎) 𝟓
Fcu∗b∗t2
= 𝟑𝟎𝟎∗𝟏𝟎𝟎∗𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝟐 = 0.0009
ρ=1
μ = ρ *Fcu*𝟏𝟎−𝟒 = 1*30*𝟏𝟎−𝟒 = 3*𝟏𝟎−𝟑
As = μ*b*t = 0.003*100*30 = 9 cm2
Use 6 Φ 16 /side
444
THE TANK 4.23
3.3.4 Design of Wet Cone
S = √𝟓𝟐 + 𝟑𝟐 = 5.83 m

𝟓
Sin Φ = = 0.858
𝟓.𝟖𝟑
𝟑
Cos Φ = 𝟓.𝟖𝟑 = 0.515
𝟓
tan Φ = 𝟑 = 1.667
𝟑.𝟓
a = = 4.08 m
𝐒𝐢𝐧 𝚽
2. Loads
assume ts = 40 cm
g = O.W + Covering = 0.4*2.5+0.05 = 1.05 t/m2
W total = gπs(r1+r2) + 𝜸 *Vw +N.f*2πr2
= 1.05 * π * 5.83 (6.5+3.5) + 1[( π * 0.5*5*3*2*4)+(3*2*2* π*5)]
+3.25*2* π*6.5 = 702.04 ton
Pz = g cos Φ + 𝜸w*hw = 1.05*0.515+1*7 = 7.54 t/𝒎𝟐
444
THE TANK 4.24
𝑾 𝟕𝟎𝟐.𝟎𝟒
V = 𝛑∗𝑫 = 𝛑∗𝟕
= 31.92 t/m
𝑽 𝟑𝟏.𝟗𝟐
NΦ compression = 𝐒𝐢𝐧 𝚽 = 𝟎.𝟖𝟓𝟖= 37.2 t/m
𝑽 𝟑𝟏.𝟗𝟐
H = 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝚽 = 𝟏.𝟔𝟔𝟕 = 19.15 t/m
(Cause HZ force on Ring Beam)
NΦ,Nθ
Fc = 𝐛∗𝐭
For NΦ
𝟑𝟕.𝟐∗𝟏𝟎𝟑
Fc = 𝟏𝟎𝟎∗𝟒𝟎
For Nθ
𝟑𝟎.𝟕𝟔∗𝟏𝟎𝟑
Fc = 𝟏𝟎𝟎∗𝟒𝟎
5. Reinforcement
NΦ 𝟑𝟕.𝟐∗𝟏.𝟒∗𝟏𝟎𝟒
As = 𝑭𝒚 = 𝟑𝟔𝟎∗𝟎.𝟖𝟓 = 1957.3 mm2
⁄𝟏.𝟏𝟓
𝜸𝒔
As
As/side = 𝟐
= 978.65 mm2
Use 6 Φ 16
444
THE TANK 4.25
T = (H +Q)*r = (19.15 +0.88)*6.5 = 130.2 ton
T 𝟏𝟑𝟎.𝟐∗𝟏𝟎𝟒
Fct = 𝐛∗𝐭 = 𝟕𝟎𝟎∗𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 = 1.86 N/mm2
Fct 𝟎.𝟔√𝟑𝟎
Fctr = = = = 1.9 N/mm2
𝜼 𝟏.𝟕
2. Reinforcement
𝑻 𝟏𝟑𝟎.𝟐∗𝟏.𝟒∗𝟏𝟎𝟒
As = 𝑭𝒚 = 𝟑𝟔𝟎∗𝟎.𝟖𝟓 = 6850.4 mm2
⁄𝟏.𝟏𝟓
𝜸𝒔
As
As/side = = 3425.2 mm2
𝟐
Use 10 Φ 22
444
THE TANK 4.26
Chapter4: Effect of Earthquakes on Tank

𝑊
Fb = δd (T1) * λ * 𝑔
3⁄ 3⁄
TI = Ct * ( 𝐻) 4 = 0.05 * ( 39.7) 4 = 0.795 sec
Seismic Zone
Second Zone (ag = 0.125g = 1.23 m/s2)
Soil Type (B) Type I
S =1.35 , TB = 0.05 , TC = 0.25 , TD = 1.2
TC < TI < TD
2.5 η 𝑇𝑐
δd (T1) = ag *𝛾1 * S * 𝑅
* [ 𝑇1 ] > 0.2 ag * 𝛾1
𝛾1 (Importance factor) = 1.2

η (damping factor) = 1
R (Reduction factor) = 6
2.5∗1 0.25
δd (T1) = 1.23 * 1.2 * 1.35 * 6
* [ 0.79 ] = 0.265 ≮ 0.2 ag * 𝛾1 = 0.2*1.23*1.2 = 0.3
Use δd (T1) = 0.3
W = Total tank weight
= Weight of upper tank + Weight of lower tank + Weight of shaft + Weight of stairs
Weight of upper tank = 943+800-547.03 = 1195.97 ton

Weight of lower tank = 702.04 ton
𝛑∗(𝟕𝟐 −𝟔𝟐 )
Weight of shaft = 2.5*39.7* = 1013.4 ton
4
Weight of stairs = 30 ton

Wtotal = 2942 ton
2942
Fb (ultimate base shear force) = 0.3 * 1 * 9.81
= 89.97 ton
𝛑∗(𝟕𝟐 −𝟔𝟐 )
W1 (weight of upper tank) = 1195.97 + 2.5*9.05 * = 1433 ton
4
𝛑∗(𝟕𝟐 −𝟔𝟐 )
W2 (weight of lower tank) = 702.04+2.5*30.65* 4
+24 =1509 ton
444
THE TANK 4.27
𝑾𝒊∗𝒁𝒊
Fi = 𝚺𝑾𝒊∗𝒁𝒊 * Fb
Zi Wi WiZi Fi M over
Upper Tank 39.7 1433 56890.1 53.88 --------
Lower Tank 25.25 1509 38102.25 36.1 778.6
Sum ------- ------- 94929.4 ------- 3050.6
Check of stresses between shaft and foundation
f1,2 = −𝑁
𝐴
± 𝑀𝑥
𝐼𝑥
y
N = 2942 t
𝛑∗(𝟕𝟐 −𝟔𝟐 )
A = = 10.2 m2
4
Mx = 3050.6 t.m
𝛑∗(𝟕𝟒 −𝟔𝟒 )
Ix = = 54.2 m4
64
y = 3.5 m
−2042
F1,2 = = 10.2
± 3050.6
54.2
* 3.6
F1 = -27.4 Kg/cm2 < Fcall = 1.25*95 = 118.75 kg/cm2 OK
F2 = -9.1 Kg/cm2 < Fcall = 1.25*95 = 118.75 kg/cm2 OK
444
THE TANK 4.28
Effect of earthquake on tank ( CH 10 in loads code)
h = 7.4 m , D = 14 m
ℎ 7.4
= = 0.53
𝑑 14
7.4𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘 2942

m (sum of masses of structure) = 𝑔
= 9.81
= = 299.89 ton
‫يتم الحصول علي المعامالت االتية من كود االحمال‬
(mc , mi , kc , hi , hc ,ℎ𝑖∗ , ℎ𝑐∗ )
‫األسطوانية للخزانات الكتلة – الزنبرك نموذج بمعامالت المعامالت هذه تسمي‬
444
THE TANK 4.29
𝑚𝑐
𝑚
= 0.45 → mc = 134.95 ton
𝑚𝑖
𝑚
= 0.55 → mi = 164.94 ton
𝐾𝑐∗ℎ
𝑚∗𝑔
= 0.75 → kc = 298.067 ton
ℎ𝑖
= 0.55 → hi = 4.07 m
ℎ
ℎ𝑖``
ℎ
= 0.25 → ℎ𝑖∗ = 1.85 m
ℎ𝑐
ℎ
= 0.525 → hc = 3.885 m
ℎ𝑐``
ℎ
= 0.55 → ℎ𝑐∗ = 4.07 m
Ci =3.5
Cc = 4.5
(Ti( ‫حساب زمن الطول الموجي الحركي‬
𝑴𝒊+𝑴𝒔
Ti = 2π√
𝑲𝒔
‫ هي قيمة الحامل كتلة الخزان مضاف لها ثلث كتلة الهيكل له‬ms ‫حيث‬
444
THE TANK 4.30
1 1 1013.4 800+400
ms = 3 weight of shaft + weight of water = 3 * 9.81
+ 9.81
= 156.76 ton
(lateral stiffness) ‫ هي الجساءة الجانبية للهيكل الحامل في اتجاه القوة الزلزالية‬Ks

𝛑
3 𝐸𝐼 3∗2.1∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟔 ∗ ∗ (𝟕𝟒 −𝟔𝟒 )
64
Ks = 𝐿3
= 𝟑𝟗.𝟕𝟑
= 5461.365 t/m
𝟏𝟔𝟒.𝟗𝟒+𝟏𝟓𝟔.𝟕𝟔
Ti = 2π √ = 1.52 sec
𝟓𝟒𝟔𝟏.𝟑𝟔𝟓
‫( من العالقة‬Tc ( ‫حساب زمن الطول الموجي الدفعي‬

𝑴𝒄 𝟏𝟑𝟒.𝟗𝟓
Tc = 2π *√ = 2π √ = 4.227 sec
𝑲𝒄 𝟐𝟗𝟖.𝟏𝟔𝟕
:‫قوي القص فوق منسوب ظهر األساسات‬

Vi ‫) نتيجة التشكل الحركي‬1)
Vi = δd(Ti)(mi+ms)
Vc ‫) نتيجة التشكل الدفعي‬2)
Vc = δd(Tc)(mc)
For δd(Ti)
Ti = 1.52 sec
Seismic Zone
Second Zone (ag = 0.125g = 1.23 m/s2)
Soil Type (B) Type I
S =1.35 , TB = 0.05 , TC = 0.25 , TD = 1.2

Ti > TD
2.5𝜼 Tc∗Td
δd (Ti) = ag *𝛾1 * S * 𝑹
*[ 𝑻𝟐
] > 0.2 ag * 𝛾1
𝛾1 (Importance factor) = 1.2

η (damping factor) = 1
R (Reduction factor) = 1.8 (Tank supported on R.C Shaft)
2.5∗1 0.25∗1.2
δd (Ti) = 1.23 * 1.2 * 1.35 * 𝟏.𝟖
*[ 𝟏.𝟓𝟐𝟐
] = 0.359 sec ≮ 0.2 ag * 𝛾1 = 0.2*1.23*1.2 = 0.295
δd (Ti) = 0.359 sec
444
THE TANK 4.31
For δd(Tc)
Tc = 4.227 sec
Tc > TD
2.5𝜼 Tc∗Td
δd (Tc) = ag *𝛾1 * S * 𝑹
*[𝑻𝒄𝟐
] > 0.2 ag * 𝛾1
2.5∗𝟏 0.25∗1.2
δd (Tc) = 1.23 * 1.2 * 1.35 * 𝟏.𝟖
*[ 𝟒.𝟐𝟐𝟕𝟐
] = 0.046 sec ≮ 0.2 ag* 𝛾1 = 0.2*1.23*1.2 = 0.295
δd (Ti) = 0.295 sec

:‫قوي القص فوق منسوب ظهر األساسات‬
Vi ‫) نتيجة التشكل الحركي‬1)

Vi = δd(Ti)(mi+ms) = 0.359*(164.94+156.76) = 112.595 ton
Vc ‫) نتيجة التشكل الدفعي‬2)
Vc = δd(Tc)(mc) = 0.295*134.95 = 39.81 ton
V = √(𝑽𝒊𝟐 − 𝑽𝒄𝟐 ) = √(𝟏𝟏𝟐. 𝟓𝟗𝟓𝟐 − 𝟑𝟗. 𝟖𝟏𝟐 ) = 119.426 ton
444
THE TANK 4.32
Check of stresses:
For Case (1) → gravity load
𝜋(11.50)2
N = structural load + o.w raft = 2942 +2.5*1.60* 4
= 3357.48 ton
𝑊 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 1.4∗3357.48
No ,of piles = (1.2 : 1.4) * 𝑃𝑖𝑙𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 100
= = 48 piles
𝑁 3357.48
F/pile = 𝑛 = 48
= = 69.95 ton < 100 ton OK . Safe
For Case (2) → gravity load +Moment
N = 3357.48 ton
Mx = 5203.15 t.m
No ,of piles = 48 piles
−𝑁 𝑀∗𝑟𝑖
f1,2 = 𝐴
± ∑(𝑟) 2 y
∑(𝑟)2 = (24*4.8752) + (16*3.252) + (8*1.6252) = 760.5
−3357.48 5203.15
F1 = 48
- 760.5
*4.875= -103.3 ton < qall = 1.25*100 = 125 ton
−3357.48 5203.15
F2 = 48
+ 760.5
*4.875= -36.59 ton < qall = 1.25*100 = 125 ton
There is no tension SAFE
444
THE TANK 4.33
Chapter5: Design of Shaft

W = P = 2942 ton
Mu = 3050.6 t.m
Step (1) Calculate the following terms
r = 0.5 d = 3500 mm
Ac = π (𝑟 2 – 𝑟𝑖 2 ) = = π (35002 – 30002) = 10.21 m2

Pu 2942∗ (𝟏𝟎)𝟑
= 𝟑𝟎𝟎∗(𝟏𝟎.𝟐𝟏∗(𝟏𝟎)𝟔 = 0.096
Mu 3050.6∗ (𝟏𝟎) 𝟕
Fcu∗Ac∗r
= 𝟑𝟎𝟎∗(𝟏𝟎.𝟐𝟏∗(𝟏𝟎) 𝟔 ∗𝟑𝟓𝟎𝟎 = 0.0028
Step (2) Reinforcement
Assume 40 mm concrete cover

r` = r – cover = 3500-40 = 3460 mm
r` 3460 ri 3000
ζ= r
= 3500
= 0.989 , r
= 3500
= 0.857
Using I.D for Circular Section
444
THE TANK 4.34
ρ=2
μ = ρ*Fcu*( 10)−4 = 2*30*( 10)−4 = 0.006 < μmin = (0.008)
Use μmin = (0.008)
As = μ *Ac = 0.008 *10.21*( 10)6 = 81680 mm2= 816.6 cm2
Use 290 Φ 20
Internal Reinforcement
Use 115 Φ 20 (6 Φ 20 /m)
External Reinforcement
Use 175 Φ 20 (8 Φ 20 /m)
Step (3) HZ Reinforcement
Assuming that :
- We shall use 7Φ12 /m stirrups perimeter and Asp for Φ12= 113 mm2
- The Volume of the stirrups in (1 meter)
- Outer perimeter
Vs = n*Asp*(π*Ds) = 7*113*(π*6920) = 17.2*(10)6 mm3
- Inner perimeter
Vs = n*Asp*(π*Ds) = 7*113*[π*(2*(3000-40))] = 14.7*(10)6 mm3
Vs total = Vs Inner + Vs Outer = 17.2*(10)6 +14.7*(10)6 = 31.9 (10)6 mm3
0.25
Vs min = 0.25% Ac = 100
*10.21*(10)6 *1000 = 25.53*(10)6 mm3 < Vs total OK
444
THE TANK 4.35
Chapter 6: Design of Foundations
assume tf = 1.60 m
𝜋(11.50)2
W total = Wtank + O.w Foundation = 2942 +2.5*1.60* 4
= 3357.48 ton
𝑊 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 1.4∗3357.48
No ,of piles = (1.2 : 1.4) * = = = 48 piles
𝑃𝑖𝑙𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 100
∑ 𝑟 2 = (24*4.8752) + (16*3.252) + (8*1.6252) = 760.5
−𝑵 𝑴∗𝒓𝒊
f1,2 =
𝒏
± ∑(𝒓) 𝟐
444
THE TANK 4.36
Point (1)
−3357.48 3050.6
F1 = 48
- 760.5
*4.875= -89.5 ton < qall =100 ton
−3357.48 3050.6
F2 = 48
+ 760.5
*4.875= -50.4 ton < qall =100 ton
Point (2)
−3357.48 3050.6
F1 = 48
- 760.5
*3.25= -82.98 ton < qall =100 ton
−3357.48 3050.6
F2 = + *3.25= -56.91 ton < qall =100 ton
48 760.5
Point (3)
−3357.48 3050.6
F1 = 48
- 760.5
*1.625= -76.47 ton < qall =100 ton
−3357.48 3050.6
F2 = 48
+ 760.5
*1.625= -63.43 ton < qall =100 ton
Max (- ve) Moment = 191.6 t.m
d = K1√𝑀⁄𝑏 = 0.35 * √191.6 ∗ 105⁄ = 153.2 cm

100
t = 160 cm
𝑀 191.6∗105
As = = = 68.4 cm2
𝐾2∗𝑑 1832∗153
Use 14 Φ 25
Max (+ ve) Moment = 145.44 t.m
𝑀 145.44∗105
As = 𝐾2∗𝑑 = 1832∗153
= 51.89 cm2
Use 14 Φ 22
444
THE TANK 4.37
References:
1- Yosef, A. Lectures notes on design fundamentals of reinforced
concrete
2- Yosef, A. Lectures notes on design of reinforced concrete part 1
3- Yosef, A. Lectures notes on earthquakes resistance design of
structures
4- Hamed, reinforced concrete constructions water tank
5- El-Behairy, S. reinforced concrete design handbook
6- Hilal, M. design of reinforced concrete halls
7- Ghoneim, M. & El-Mihilmy, M. design of reinforced concrete
structures
8- Egyptian code for loads
9- Egyptian code for design and construction of R/C structures
( ECP 203-2007 )
i
References I

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MANSOURA UNIVERSITY

REINFORCED CONCRETE PROJECT

Prof. Dr. / Ahmed M. Yousef

Prof. Dr. / Mohamed El-Zoughiby Abdelrhman Shrief El Kamony

Prof. Dr. / Awad El-Mansy

Appreciation and thanking

Before we start to wright this book, we should express

Prof. Dr. / Ahmed M. Yousef

Prof. Dr. / Hamed Hassan Askar

Prof. Dr. / Mohamed El-Zoughiby

Prof. Dr. / Awad El-Mansy

At the end, we would like to thank our biggest supportive team -

chapter4 : Design of Beams ..................................................................................................... 1.28

Figure 1.29 Maximum negative moment on beam

Part2: (HIGH RISE BULIDING)

2.1.1 High Rise Building Consists of....................................................................... 2.4

2.1.2 Material Properties Used............................................................................. 2.4

2.1.3 Cover Thickness........................................................................................... 2.4

2.1.4 Loads Used.................................................................................................. 2.4

2.1.5 Design Method............................................................................................ 2.5

2.1.6 Computer Programs Used in Analysis........................................................... 2.5

2.1.7 Design Code............................................................................................... 2 .5

2.2 DESIGN OF SLABS: ......................................................................................... 2.6

2.2.1 Basement Slab: (Flat Slab System)........................................................... 2.6

2.2.1.1 Check for Short Term Deflection ....................................................... 2.10

2.2.1.2 Check for Long Term Deflection........................................................ 2.11

2.2.2 Ground Slab (Flat Slab System) ................................................................ 2.12

2.2.2.1 Check for Short Term Deflection .......................................................... 2.16

2.2.2.2 Check for Long Term Deflection ......................................................... 2.17

2.2.4 Typical floor (Flat Slab System) ............................................................. 2.18

2.2.4.1 Check for Short Term Deflection ......................................................... 2.22

2.2.4.2 Check for Long Term Deflection ............................................................. 2.23

2.2.5 Check of Punching Shear: (Basement Roof)............................................... 2.24

2.2.5.1 Edge Column ........................................................................................ 2.24

2.2.5.2 Interior Column................................................................................... 2.25

2.2.5.3 Corner Column...................................................................................... 2.26

2.3 Design of Stairs ........................................................................................... 2.27

2.3.1 Three Flight Stair Axis ………………………………………………………………………… 2.27

2.3.1.1 Manual Solution ................................................................................. 2.27

2.4 Design of Beams......................................................................................... 2.33

2.4.1 Basement Slab Beams ............................................................................ 2.33

2.4.2 Ground Slab Beams............................................................................... 2.34

2.4.4 Typical Floor Beams .............................................................................. 2.35

2.4.5 Shear on Beams................................................................................... 2.36

2.4.5.1 Basement Beams ........................................................................... 2.36

2.4.5.2 Ground Beams ............................................................................... 2.37

2.4.5.4 Typical Floor Beams ......................................................................... 2.38

2.4.6 Check of Shear on Beam Section................................................ 2.36, 2.37, and 2.38

2.5 Design of Columns ........................................................................................ 2.39

2.5.1 Design of Column Section.......................................................................... 2.40

2.5.1.1 1 ‫ ع‬on axis (2-2) , ( ‫…………………………………………………) ب – ب‬.. ………… 2.40

2.5.1.2 10‫ ع‬on axis (4-4) , (‫ ج‬-‫……………………………………………………………… ) ج‬ 2.42

2.5.1.3 Tables of Columns ……………………………….…………………………………………… 2.4

2.6 Design of Shear Wall.................................................................................... 2.44

2.7 Design of Core............................................................................................. 2.49

2.8 Effect of Earthquake on tower ..................................................................... 2.51

2.8.1 Manual solution................................................................................... 2.51

2.8.2 Check of Displacement......................................................................... 2.54

2.8.3 Check of Drift......................................................................................... 2.56

2.8.4 Check of Maximum Distance Between C.M, C.R ....................................... 2.59

2.8.5 Check of Overturning Moment (Etabs program) .................................... 2.60

2.9 Design of Deep Foundation (Raft on Piles)................................................. 2.61