The research process
PROCESS 3: IDENTIFY
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES,
PROCESS 1 : IDENTIFYING
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
THE PROBLEM RESEARCH
The task involves in
establishing the problem
relationship between the
are:
1. Analysis of secondary
data
2. Discussion with
management
3. Informal interviews with
professionals in the field
in the study
4. Qualitative research
Steps required in setting
the problem for particular
research
Understand the
management objectives
Understand the problem
Differentiate between the
actual problem and
systems of a problem
Determine the unit of
the model
analysis (UDA)
PROCESS 4: DEVELOP THE
PROCESS 2: IDENTIFYING
THE APPROPRIATE
RESEARCH VARIABLES
Classification of variables
( Determine the
measurement issues and
scales of variable )
proceed till the end in terms
1. Dependent variables
The main interest in the
study
Response variables
2. Independent
the main focus in the
variables to test the stated hypothesis
The variable that causes
the dependent variable to
change in values
Predictor variables
3. Mediating variables
Mediates the relationship
between the independent
and dependent variable
4. Moderating variable
Moderates the
performance of s
dependent variable
PROCESS 5: REVIEW PROCESS 7: DEVELOPING
PROCESS 9 : DATA
LITERATURES RELATED AN APPROPRIATE
ANALYSIS
AND RESEARCH TO THE PROBLEM RESEARCH DESIGN
HYPOTHESIS
( The researcher begins the
process of turning raw data
into data structures that can
be used in generating
meaningful and useful
information for the manager )
Data analysis procedure
Non-experimental research Statistically test for the
design significance of the
difference between two
The exploratory research or more populations on
design the variable of interest in
Conducted to clarify the the study
nature of ambiguous Statistically test for the
problems significance of the
The purpose of the literature
review The descriptive research variables of interest in
1. To ensure all the design the study
important findings in the Describe the Statistically test the
previous studies are characteristic of a hypothesis of
included population or an existing interdependence among
2. To enable the researcher phenomena the variables of interest
Researchers discover
to understand and define
some uncertainties
the underlying problem The experimental research Statistically test the
regarding the variables,
precisely design significance of causal
the factors influencing
3. To guide the researcher Causal research design : effects of independent
the variables, and the
in selecting the variables -Cause and effect variables on their
nature of the relationship
for the study relationship corresponding dependent
among variables
Steps required in conducting Quasi-experimental variable
the literature survey research design Statistically test the
1. Identifying the relevant -Characteristic versus significance of the
resources Cross-sectional design hypothesized relationship
2. Extracting and gathering versus longitudinal design among the variables in
the relevant information
3. Writing a literature review The cross-sectional design
Data collection is Factors:
gathered from the sample The number of groups
only once involved in the study,
The longitudinal design whether it is one group,
Data collected from the two groups, or more
same sample on the same if two or more groups are
variable at two different involved, then the next
time question is: Are they
independent or related to
each other?
The measurement scale
employed in data
collection, whether the
scale is nominal, ordinal,
interval, or ratio
PROCESS 6: RESEARCH PROCESS 10 : PREPARE
THEORETICAL PROCESS 8: DATA
APPROACHES TO THE THE FINAL REPORT TO
FRAMEWORK FOR THE COLLECTION
PROBLEM THE MANAGEMENT
STUDY
Setting the research
objectives
The elements of what
your research trying to
archive
To study/examine the
relationship between x
and y
Forming the research
question
Census versus sample
The list of questions the
Provide proper direction to Census - An investigation of
research is trying to
elements that made up the
answer
of the instrumentation to population
the researcher and
measure each variable, the Sample -A portion of
manager should identify
methods of sampling and elements selected for the
the ambiguous
data collection, and the study Important and should be
procedure for data analysis
The importance of
Pilot testing research
research questions
The survey conducted
a) Provides a clear direction
Independent variables prior to the actual field Should be able to
In organizing the research
(x): service quality, study address the question
project
corporate image Purpose - To detect clearly
b) Delimits the research
dependent variable (y): weaknesses in the
project by showing its
customer loyalty questionnaire and its
boundary
mediating variable: instrumentation so that
c) Keeps the research
customer satisfaction correction can be made
project in focus at all times
Starting the research
hypothesis
A good hypothesis
provides a transition from
an interrogative
statement into a
declarative statement
Types of hypothesis
-Null hypothesis
-Alternatives hypothesis