Fundamentals of Ict Notes - PDF - Computer Data Storage - DVD

6/19/23, 6:47 PM Fundamentals of Ict Notes | PDF | Computer Data Storage | Dvd
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D]BNELMBÊ@Y GD JI^
JBDGQLE^JGB IGLL]BJIE^JGB ^MICBG@GKZ
JB^QGN]I^JGB8
JI^ - Jbdgrletjgb _rgimss Iglputmrs + Iglputmr ^micbg`gky Bmtwgrhs
Cernwerm - js tebkja`m gr pcysjie` perts gd e iglputmr m.k hmyagerns, lgusms, sirmmb, prjbtmr
Ygdtwerm - js jbtebkja`m perts gd e iglputmr jt rmdmrs tg jbstruitjgbs tcet njrmit iglputmr cernwerm gb wcet
tg ng.
D]BI^JGBY GD ^CM M@MLMB^Y GD IGL_]^MQ CEQN[EQM
5. JB_]^ NMTJIMY - usmn tg mbtmr nete jbtg tcm iglputmr systml
1. G]^_]^ NMTJIMY - usmn tg njspèy rmsu`ts gd prgimssjbk
9. EQJ^CLM^JI EBN @GKJI ]BJ^ (E@]) - usmn tg pmrdgrl erjtclmtji ebn `gkjie` gpmretjgbs
>. IGB^QG@ ]BJ^ - usmn tg igbtrg` ebn iggrnjbetm e`` tcm m`mlmbts gd e iglputmr systml
=. LEJB LMLGQZ
-QEL js vgètj`m j.m QEL iglms tg nete gb`y wcmb pgwmr js gb.
Qebngl Qmen
Eiimss Lmlgry Gb`y Lmlgry
(QEL) ;?% (QGL) 9?%
-QGL iebbgt am e`tmrmn. ^cm igbtmbts gd Qglm erm jbste``mn ay tcm lebudeiturmr (Djrlwerm)
-Jt js bgb-vgètj`m
Lejb lmlgry js usmn tg stgrm8

-nete ewejtjbk prgimssjbk
-jbstruitjgbs ewejtjbk mxmiutjgbs
-prgkrels tcet erm bmmnmn gb tcm iglputmr et e`` tjlms m.k AJGY - Aesji Jbput-Gutput Yystml
4. AEIHJBK Y^GQEKM - js usmn tg supp`mlmbt tcm lejb lmlgry.
U]MY^JGB6 [cy ng wm bmmn tg supp`mlmbt lejb lmlgry wjtc aeihjbk stgrekm7

Lejb lmlgry js vmry mxpmbsjvm. Aeihjbk stgrekm js icmep

QEL pert gd lejb lmlgry js vgètj`m j.m ieb gb`y am usmn tg stgrm nete gb`y wcmb pgwmr js gb.

Aeihjbk stgrekm js bgb-vgètj`m j.m ieb stgrm nete mvmb wcmb pgwmr js gdd
QGL, pert gd lejb lmlgry iebbgt am e`tmrmn ymt leby dj`ms bmmn upnetms. Aeihjbk stgrekm erm

usmn tg stgrm dj`ms wcmb bmmn drmqumbt upnetms

Lejb lmlgry js `jljtmn jb iepeijty. Aeihjbk stgrekm erm usmn dgr less stgrekm gd nete.

Aeihjbk stgrekm js usmn tg trebsdmr nete drgl gbm `gietjgb tg ebgtcmr


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 Ytgrekm js usmn dgr aebhjbk purpgsms j.m tg hmmp e nup`jietm igpy gd ebgtcmr dj`m dgr smiurjty ebn
rmigvmry purpgsms.
IGL_]^MQ
Cernwerm Ygdtwerm
I._.] _mrjpcmre`
Jbput Nmvjims Gutput Nmvjims Aeihjbk Euxj`èry

Lejb Lmlgry E@] Igbtrg` ]bjt
Ytgrekm

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YGD^[EQM
Yystmls sgdtwerm Epp`jietjgbs sgdtwerm
Gpmretjbk Nmvjim Nteaesm

^rebsètgrs Amspghm _rm-wrjttmb
systml nrjvmrs ]tj`jtjms Lebekmlmbt
sgdtwerm sgdtwerm
Yystmls
Cgrjzgbte` Tmrtjie`
Lerhmt Lerhmt
Ygdtwerm Ygdtwerm
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^CM D@G[ GD NEÊ, JBY^Q]I^JGBY EBN IGLLEBNY JB IGL_]^MQ YZY^MLY
IGB^QG@ ]BJ^
EQJ^CLM^JI EBN @GKJI

]BJ^ (E.@.])
JB_]^ NMTJIMY LEJB LMLGQZ G]^_]^ NMTJIMY
AEIHJBK Y^GQEKM
HMZ6
Nete/jbstruitjgb d`gw.
Igllebn d`gw.
-Nete d`gws drgl jbput nmvjims jbtg tcm lejb lmlgry. tcm lejb lmlgry stgrms nete tmlpgrerj`y amdgrm
dgrwernjbk jt tg tcm erjtclmtji ebn `gkji ubjt.erjtclmtji ebn `gkji ubjt pmrdgrls erjtclmtji ebn `gkjie`
gpmretjgbs gb nete ebn Qmturbs tcm rmsu`ts gd prgimssjbk tg tcm lejb lmlgry. ^cm rmsu`ts gd prgimssjbk
ieb tcmb am smbt tg tcm gutput nmvjim. rmsu`ts gd prgimssjbk ieb e`sg am smbt tg tcm aeihjbk stgrekm tg am
gutput gd e ètmr tjlm.
-Jbstruitjgbs d`gws drgl aeihjbk stgrekm tg tcm lejb lmlgry. ^cm lejb lmlgry stgrms tcm jbstruitjgbs
tmlpgrerj`y amdgrm dgrwernjbk tcml tcm igbtrg` ubjt. tcm igbtrg` ubjt jbtmrprmts tcm jbstruitjgbs jb
smqumbim ebn jssum igllebns tg tcm m`mlmbt gd iglputmr systmls.
-igllebn d`gw drgl lejb lmlgry tg tcm m`mlmbts gd iglputmr systml.
]BJ^Y GD Y^GQEKM
AJ^ ’ Ajbery Njkjt j.m ? gr 5
BJAA@M ’ ]bjt gd stgrekm mqujve`mbt tg > ajts.

AZ^M ’ ]bjt gd stgrekm mqujve`mbt tg 3 ajts.
HJ@GAZ^M (HA) ’ ]bjt gd stgrekm mqujve`mbt tg 1 5? aytms
LMKEAZ^M (LA) ’ ]bjt gd stgrekm mqujve`mbt tg 1 1? aytms

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KJKEAZ^M (KA) ’ ]bjt gd stgrekm mqujve`mbt tg 1 9? aytms
^MQEAZ^M (Â) ’ ]bjt gd stgrekm mqujve`mbt tg 1 >? aytms
=?
_MÊAZ^M (_A) ’ ]bjt gd stgrekm mqujve`mbt tg 1 aytms
4?
ZG^ÊAZ^M (ZA) ’ ]bjt gd stgrekm mqujve`mbt tg 1 aytms
;?
MSEAZ^M (SA) ’ ]bjt gd stgrekm mqujve`mbt tg 1 aytms
JB_]^ NMTJIMY
5. HMZAGEQN - Jt js usmn dgr mbtmrjbk nete jbtg tcm iglputmr.
e.) @E_^G_ HMZAGEQNY-jt js e sle`` vmrsjgb gd tcm typjie` U[MQ^Z hmyagern. Jt ces selm iesm es
bgrle` hmyagern mximpt dgr tcm deit tcet èptgp hmyagerns igbnmbsm tcm sylag`s jbtg dmwmr auttgbs tg
eiigllgnetm speim. ^cmrm erm e`sg mxtre hmys m.k pgwmr auttgbs, vgùlm auttgbs, pèy auttgb, lutm
auttgb mti
a.) KELJBK HMZAGEQN
 Erm sjljèr tg bgrle` hmyagern mximpt tcmy kmbmre``y igbtejb mxtre dmeturms suic es j`ùljbetmn
hmys, lu`tjlmnje hmys, eb ennjtjgbe` sirmmb, pe`l rmst
 j`ùljbetmn hmyagerns erm usmdu` dgr pèyjbk kelms nurjbk tcm bjkct wcmb jt js tgg nerh tg smm
hmyagern bgrle``y
 ^cm lu`tjlmnje hmys erm usmdu` dgr enfustjbk tcm vgùlm
i.)MQKGBGLJI IGL_]^MQ HMZAGEQN
-jt js e iglputmr hmyagern nmsjkbmn wjtc mrkgbglji igbsjnmretjgb tg ljbjljsm lusi`m strejb ebn e `gt gd
rmètmn prga`mls
Jt js nmsjkbmn dgr lehjbk typjbk mesjmr ebn `mssmb tcm Ytrejb tcet ygur cebn ley suddmr.
n.) [JQM@MYY HMZAGEQNY.

^cmy ng bgt bmmn tg am igbbmitmn tg tcm iglputmr vje e wjrm. ^cjs lehms jt vmry igbvmbjmbt dgr tcm usmr
tg usm tcm hmyagern igldgrtea`y.
^cmy bmmn mxtmrbe` pgwmr tg dubitjgb (aettmrjms)
m.) JB^MQBM^ HMZAGEQNY

^cmy cevm spmije` hmys ie``mn cgthmys wcjic pmrdgrl dubitjgbs rmètmn tg jbtmrbmt typjie``y cgthmys cevm
dubitjgbs `jhm aeihwern, dgrwern, mlej`, mlej` jbagx, Kggk`m smeric mti
^cjs lehms argwsjbk tcm Jbtmrbmt vmry igbvmbjmbt es tcm usmr ngms bgt cevm tg kg tcrgukc tcm prgimss gd
i`jihjbk auttgbs ay e lgusm.
1. LG]YM -]smn tg lgvm tcm iursgr drgl gbm pgjbt tg ebgtcmr, tg lehm sm`mitjgb ebn i`jihjbk gb tcm
gafmit, tg cjkc`jkct ebn sm`mit e im``.
9. FGZY^JIH - ]smn pèjb iglputmr gr vjnmg kelms
>. ^G]IC YIQMMB - Eb e`tmrbetjvm tg lgusm gr gtcmr sirmmb rmètmn nmvjim. Zgu ieb eitjvetm eb gafmit
ay tguicjbk jt wjtc ygur djbkmr. Ieb am usmn tg eitjvetm lmbus ebn lehm e sm`mitjgb drgl tcm lmbu.
=. @JKC^ _MB - Jbstmen gd usjbk ygur djbkmr ygu ieb usm e spmije` nmvjim wjtc e `jkct smbsjbk lmicebjsl
tg tguic tcm sirmmb. _gjbtjbk wjtc e `jkct pmb js lgrm eiiuretm amieusm ygu ieb pgjbt et vmry sle``
gafmits. ^cm `jkct pmb js igbbmitmn tg tcm iglputmr ay e iea`m.
4. G_^JIE@ ICEQEI^MQ QMENMQ (GIQ) - Js usmn tg rmen ngiulmbts mbignmn jb gptjie` icereitmr
rmenmr dgbts. ^cmy rmigkbjsm meic icereitmr ay tcm pettmrbs gd rmd`mitmn `jkct.
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]sms gd gptjie` icereitmr rmenmr
5. _ua`ji utj`jty aj``s. ^cm aj`` wcjic js smbt tg e iustglmr ces rmturbea`m s`mmp gb wcjic jt js prjbtmn
jb gptjie` icereitmr rmenmr icereitmrs. Iustglmr ignm ebn elgubt gwjbk tcm s`mmp js rmturbmn wjtc
peylmbt ebn usmn dgr jbput.
1. Ye`ms grnmr dgrl. ^cjs ieb am prjbtmn ay tcm iglputmr wjtc stebnern nete nmtej`s gd tcm grnmr gb
tcm dgrls ebn Qmturbs jt dgr tcm gptjie` icereitmr rmenmr prgimssjbk.
9. Ytgihtehjbk scmmt. tcm iustglmr ieb prjbt gut stgih scmmt jb gptjie` icereitmr rmenmr icereitmrs
ebn tcmjr stgih icmihmr mbtmrs tcm eitue` stgih ebn quebtjtjms gb tcm dgrl jb e iermdu` cebnwrjtjbk.
tcm scmmt ieb tcmb am gptjie``y rmen jbtg tcm iglputmr dgr prgimssjbk ebn elmbnjbk stgih dj`m.
Envebtekms gd gptjie` icereitmr rmenmr

Bg typjbk gr trebsirjptjgb cebns trebsirjptjgb mrrgrs erm ljbjljsmn.

_rgvjnm sedmst jbput es iglpermn tg tcm usm gd hmyagern nmvjims


^cm igbtmbts gd ngiulmbts erm agtc culeb ebn leicjbm-rmenea`m cebns rm`jea`m

Njsenvebtekms gd gptjie` icereitmr rmenmrs

 Mxpmbsjvm lmtcgn gd jbput amieusm gd spmije`jsmn tmicbjqums ebn leicjbms
 Cebn`jbk prmieutjgbs erm bmimssery m.k tcm ngiulmbt bmmn tg am ubdg`nmn dgr eiiuretm rmenjbk.
 Ngiulmbt sjzm ebn typm ley am `jljtmn dgr eiiuretm rmenjbk.
 Ypmije` typjbk ebn pepmr que`jty erm iruije`.
ûrbergubn ngiulmbt - Jt js e leicjbm-rmenea`m ngiulmbt wcjic js jssumn gut tg tcm iustglmr EYNE
gutput ngiulmbt wjtc tcm iustglmr rmturbs tg tcm pgjbt gd grjkjb tg am usmn es eb jbput ngiulmbt m.k
gptjie` icereitmr rmenmr utj`jty aj``s, ljirg aebh icmqum.
;. G_^JIE@ LEQH QMENMQ (GLQ)

Qmenjbk gd ngiulmbts prmpermn jb gptjie` lerhs wj`` am eiiglp`jscmn es dg``gws. E lerh jb e pertjiuèr
pgsjtjgb gb tcm ngiulmbt wj`` trjkkmr gd e rmspgbsm jt js tcm pgsjtjgb gd tcm Lerh tcet js igbvmrtmn tg e
veùm gb tcm rmenmr.
tcm lmtcgn jbvg`vms njrmitjbk tmel amels gd `jkct gbtg tcm pepmr surdeim wcjic erm rmd`mitmn jbtg e `jkct
nmtmitgr ub`mss amel js easgramn gb e nerh pmbij` lerh j.m e lerh js rmigkbjsmn gb tcm rmnuitjgb gd
rmd`mitjvm `jkcts.
E A I N
E A I N
E A I N
E A I N
]sms gd gptjie` Lerh rmenmr

usmn jb lerhjbk lu`tjp`m icgjim qumstjgbs, prgimssjbk qumstjgbbejrms, prgimssjbk jbsurebim

prmljul ebn smeric epp`jietjgb. ^cmy ieb e`sg am usmn jb wetmr ebn m`mitrjijty lmtrm rmenjbk.
Envebtekms gd gptjie` Lerh rmenmrs
Yelm es tcgsm gd Gptjie` Icereitmr rmenmr
Njsenvebtekms gd gptjie` Lerh rmenmr

Yelm es tcgsm gd gptjie` icereitmr rmenmr
3. LEKBM^JI JBH ICEQEI^MQ QMENMQ (LJIQ)
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6/19/23, 6:47 PM Fundamentals of Ict Notes | PDF | Computer Data Storage | Dvd

D]BNELMB^E@Y GD JI^

JBDGQLE^JGB IGLL]BJIE^JGB ^MICBG@GKZ

JI^ - Jbdgrletjgb _rgimss Iglputmrs + Iglputmr ^micbg`gky Bmtwgrhs

Lejb lmlgry js usmn tg stgrm8

4. AEIHJBK Y^GQEKM - js usmn tg supp`mlmbt tcm lejb lmlgry.

U]MY^JGB6 [cy ng wm bmmn tg supp`mlmbt lejb lmlgry wjtc aeihjbk stgrekm7

usmn tg stgrm dj`ms wcmb bmmn drmqumbt upnetms

Aeihjbk stgrekm js usmn tg trebsdmr nete drgl gbm `gietjgb tg ebgtcmr

Jbput Nmvjims Gutput Nmvjims Aeihjbk Euxj``ery

Yystmls sgdtwerm Epp`jietjgbs sgdtwerm

Gpmretjbk Nmvjim Nteaesm

^CM D@G[ GD NE^E, JBY^Q]I^JGBY EBN IGLLEBNY JB IGL_]^MQ YZY^MLY

EQJ^CLM^JI EBN @GKJI

JB_]^ NMTJIMY LEJB LMLGQZ G]^_]^ NMTJIMY

-igllebn d`gw drgl lejb lmlgry tg tcm m`mlmbts gd iglputmr systml.

BJAA@M ’ ]bjt gd stgrekm mqujve`mbt tg > ajts.

5. HMZAGEQN - Jt js usmn dgr mbtmrjbk nete jbtg tcm iglputmr.

n.) [JQM@MYY HMZAGEQNY.

m.) JB^MQBM^ HMZAGEQNY

9. FGZY^JIH - ]smn p`ejb iglputmr gr vjnmg kelms

Envebtekms gd gptjie` icereitmr rmenmr

_rgvjnm sedmst jbput es iglpermn tg tcm usm gd hmyagern nmvjims

Njsenvebtekms gd gptjie` icereitmr rmenmrs

;. G_^JIE@ LEQH QMENMQ (GLQ)

]sms gd gptjie` Lerh rmenmr

Njsenvebtekms gd gptjie` Lerh rmenmr

3. LEKBM^JI JBH ICEQEI^MQ QMENMQ (LJIQ)

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