HYDROGEN BONDING

Aga Ahmed Balen Idrees Dilshad Nawzad Mohammed Abdulwahid

 1. What is a Hydrogen?

2. Types of Hydrogen Bonding

a) Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding

b) Intermolecular Hydrogen Bond

OUTLINE
3. Properties of Hydrogen Bonding

4. Hydrogen Bonding Examples

5. Applications of Hydrogen Bonding

 Hydrogen bonding is a special
type of dipole-dipole attraction

WHAT IS between molecules, not a

covalent bond to a hydrogen

HYDROGEN atom. It results from the attractive

force between a hydrogen atom

BOND? covalently bonded to a very

electronegative atom such as a N,
O, or F atom and another very
electronegative atom.
 TYPES OF
HYDROGEN
BONDING:
• TYPES OF HYDROGEN BONDING:

1. Intramolecular hydrogen bonding:

Within a single molecule, an intramolecular hydrogen bond is formed. It is

formed when two functional groups of a molecule form hydrogen bonds
with each other. In order to form intramolecular hydrogen bonding, the
hydrogen donor and hydrogen acceptor must be present within one
molecule. They must be present within each other's proximity.

Example Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding:

-Ethylene glycol (CH (OH)) has two hydroxyls groups .

Here hydrogen bonding is present between the

two groups due to molecular geometry.

• TYPES OF HYDROGEN BONDING:

2. Intermolecular Hydrogen Bond

An intermolecular hydrogen bond is formed between two or more separate

molecules in a substance. The donor atoms and acceptor atoms that took part in
hydrogen are present in suitable positions where they can interact .

Examples of Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonding:

* Water

* Ethanol

* Ammonia

* Hydrogen fluoride
 • It is a weak force of attraction between
molecules.

PROPERTIES OF
• Any compound or molecule having hydrogen
bonding shows different physical properties.
HYDROGEN • It is stronger than the weak Van der Waals
BONDING bonds.

• Hydrogen bonds are comparatively weaker

than covalent and ionic bonds.
 Hydrogen Bonding Examples

1. Ammonia:

The hydrogen bonds in ammonia (NHs) are

formed between nitrogen and hydrogen atoms.
Nitrogen is a highly electronegative atom that is
linked to hydrogen atoms in order to make
hydrogen bonds.
 Hydrogen Bonding Examples

2. Hydrogen Fluoride:

Fluorine is an element that has the highest value

of electronegativity, and it forms the strongest
hydrogen bond.
 Hydrogen Bonding Examples

3. Alcohols:

Alcohols are organic compounds. It contains at

least one -OH group. When any molecule
containing the hydrogen atom is connected to
either oxygen or nitrogen directly, it usually has
the tendency to form hydrogen bonding.
 Hydrogen Bonding Examples

4. Carboxylic Acid:

Hydrogen bonding can occur in a pure carboxylic

acid in between two molecules of acid in order to
produce a dimer. The hydrogen bonding in
carboxylic acid doubles the size the molecule.
Applications of
Hydrogen Bonding
 Applications of Hydrogen Bonding

Hydrogen Bonding in Plants

Applications of Hydrogen Bonding

DNA Structure
Applications of Hydrogen Bonding

Drug Design
THANK YOU