NOVEMBER 2018 / VOL. 21 / NO.

Inspection
Trends
THE MAGAZINE FOR MATERIALS INSPECTION AND TESTING PERSONNEL

AWS.ORG

▪ Using Photos in
Inspection Reports

▪ Welding Symbols to Support

T- and Corner Joints,
Plus Seal Welds

▪ How to Prevent Arc Blow

PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN WELDING SOCIETY TO ADVANCE THE SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND APPLICATION OF WELDING
AND ALLIED JOINING AND CUTTING PROCESSES WORLDWIDE, INCLUDING BRAZING, SOLDERING, AND THERMAL SPRAYING
American Welding Society®
MEMBERSHIP
aws.org

Our Corporatee Members Get MO

ORE
Whether your organization has joined American Welding Society as a Supporting,
Sustaining or Affiliate member, as a Distributor or Educational Institution, we are proud to
support the com
mpanies and organizaations that support us. Here are just somee of the ways
WS Corpoorate members experiience MORE:
our AW
MORE ACCEESS
• Membershhip for up to twenty (20) people
p (depending on meembeership level)
• Complimeentary VIP passes to FA ABTTECH for staff incentives oor cuustomer
relations
• Exclusive
E l i usage off th the A
AW
WS Corpor
C rate
t Member
M b logo l on your bus
b siness
i andd
promotionnal materials
• Annual subscription for each member to the award-winningg Weelding el
Journnal annd American Weelder (a sppecial section of the Weeldding Jour
J rnan l)
• Company Listing on AWS..orgg

MORE PROFFESSIONAL GROWTH

H
• Customizeed seminars and workshoops for your organization
• Member--oonly networking opportunnities at AW
WS-sponsored event
e ts
• Online AW
W Standards eLibrary Acccess for your employees (depeending on
WS
membershhip level)

MORE DISC
COUNTS
• 25% off over
v 300 technical standarrds and publications offered at a the
AW
WS Bookkstore
• Additionall 5% discount off the already-reduced member reggistration
a price
of any AW
W conference
WS
• Savings on certification programs and
a seminars offered throughh AW WS
• Get discouunted rates on insurance, travel, shipping, AW
WS loggo merchandise
and more

Too review
e , renew or increase your meembership beneffits,,
contact Am
merican Weldingg Society
T: 800-443-9353, ext. 4880. | info@aws.org | aws.org/membership
 AWS MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION
Join or Renew: Mail: Form with your payment, to AWS Call: Membership Department at (800) 443-9353, ext. 480
Fax: Completed form to (305) 443-5647 Online: www.aws.org/membership 8669 NW 36 St, # 130
Miami, FL 33166-6672
CONTACT INFORMATION Telephone (800) 443-9353

q New Member q Renewal

FAX (305) 443-5647
Visit our website: www.aws.org

q Mr. q Ms. q Mrs. q Dr. Please print • Duplicate this page as needed Type of Business (Check ONE only)
A q Contract construction
q Chemicals & allied products
Last Name:_______________________________________________________________________________
B
C q Petroleum & coal industries
q Primary metal industries
First Name:___________________________________________________________________ M.I:_______
D
E q Fabricated metal products
q Machinery except elect. (incl. gas welding)
Birthdate: _____________________________ E-Mail:____________________________________________
F
G q Electrical equip., supplies, electrodes
q Transportation equip. — air, aerospace
Cell Phone ( )__________________________ Secondary Phone ( )______________________
Were you ever an AWS Member? q YES q NO If “YES,” give year________ and Member #:____________________
H
I q Transportation equip. — automotive
J q Transportation equip. — boats, ships
Company (if applicable):___________________________________________________________________ K q Transportation equip. — railroad
L q Utilities
Address:________________________________________________________________________________ M q Welding distributors & retail trade
N q Misc. repair services (incl. welding shops)
_______________________________________________________________________________________ O q Educational Services (univ., libraries, schools)
P q Engineering & architectural services (incl. assns.)
City:_____________________________________State/Province:__________________________________ Q q Misc. business services (incl. commercial labs)
R q Government (federal, state, local)
Zip/PostalCode:_____________________Country:______________________________________________ S q Other

Œ Who pays your dues?: q Company q Self-paid  Sex: q Male q Female Job Classiication (Check ONE only)
q President, owner, partner, oicer
Ž Education level: q High school diploma q Associate’s q Bachelor’s q Master’s q Doctoral 01
02 q Manager, director, superintendent (or assistant)
q Check here if you learned of the Society through an AWS Member? Member’s name:_______________________Member’s # (if known):________ 03 q Sales
q Purchasing
q Check here if you would prefer not to receive email updates on AWS programs, new Member beneits, savings opportunities and events.
04
05 q Engineer — welding
20 q Engineer — design
INDIVIDUAL MEMBERSHIP 21 q Engineer — manufacturing
q Engineer — other
è Please check each box that applies to the Membership or service you’d like, and then add the cost together to get your Total Payment.
06
10 q Architect designer
q AWS INDIVIDUAL MEMBERSHIP (One Year)......................................................................................................$87 12 q Metallurgist
13 q Research & development
AWS INDIVIDUAL MEMBERSHIP (Two Years) SAVE $25 New Members Only....................................$149 22 q Quality control
q Inspector, tester
q New Member Initiation Fee ...........................................................................................................................................$12
07
08 q Supervisor, foreman
OPTIONS AVAILABLE TO AWS INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS ONLY: 14 q Technician
09 q Welder, welding or cutting operator
A.) OPTIONAL Book Selection (Choose from 25 titles; up to a $192 value; includes shipping & handling) q Consultant
q Individual Members in the U.S..................................................................................................................................$35
11
15 q Educator
q Librarian
q Individual Members outside the U.S (includes International shipping)...........................................................................$85
17
16 q Student
ONLY ONE SELECTION PLEASE. For more book choices visit https://app.aws.org/membership/books 18 q Customer Service
q Jeferson’s Welding Encyc.(CD-ROM only) q Design & Planning Manual for Cost-Efective Welding q Welding Metallurgy q Welding Inspection Handbook 19 q Other

Welding Handbook Selections: q WHB (9th Ed., Vol. 5) q WHB (9th Ed., Vol. 4) q WHB (9th Ed., Vol. 3) q WHB (9th Ed., Vol. 2) q WH (9th Ed., Vol. 1) Technical Interests (Check all that apply)
Pocket Handbook Selections: q PHB-1 (Arc Welding Steel) q PHB-2 (Visual Inspection) q PHB-4 (GMAW / FCAW) A q Ferrous metals
B q Aluminum
B.) OPTIONAL Welding Journal Hard Copy (for Members outside North America) C q Nonferrous metals except aluminum
q Individual Members outside North America (note: digital delivery of WJ is standard)..............................................$50 D q Advanced materials/Intermetallics
E q Ceramics
F q High energy beam processes
q Arc welding
INDIVIDUAL MEMBERSHIP TOTAL PAYMENT..................................................................................$_____________
G
q Brazing and soldering
NOTE: Dues include $17.30 for Welding Journal subscription and $4.00 for the AWS Foundation.
H
I q Resistance welding
q Thermal spray
STUDENT MEMBERSHIP J
q Cutting
q AWS STUDENT MEMBERSHIP (with digital Welding Journal magazine)................................................$15
K
L q NDT
q Safety and health
q AWS STUDENT MEMBERSHIP (with hard copy Welding Journal magazine)..............................................$35
M
N q Bending and shearing
q Roll forming
Option available only to students in U.S., Canada & Mexico.
O
P q Stamping and punching
PAYMENT INFORMATION Q q Aerospace
R q Automotive
Payment can be made (in U.S. dollars) by check or money order (international or foreign), payable to the American Welding Society, or by charge card. S q Machinery
q Check q Money Order q AMEX q Diners Club q MasterCard q Visa q Discover q Other T q Marine
U q Piping and tubing
V q Pressure vessels and tanks
q Sheet metal
CC#:____________ / ____________ / ____________ / ____________ Expiration Date (mm/yy) ________ / ________
W
X q Structures
q Other
Signature of Applicant:_________________________________________ Application Date:_______________________
Y
Z q Automation
OFFICE USE ONLY Check #:_______________________________ Account #____________________________________ 1 q Robotics
Source Code: IT Date:_________________________________ Amount:_____________________________________ 2 q Computerization of Welding
REV. 11/15
 November 2018 / Vol. 21 / No. 4

Inspection
Trends
THE MAGAZINE FOR MATERIALS INSPECTIONS AND TESTING PERSONNEL

Features

Applications of Welding Symbols to Support T- and Corner

Cover photo: The introduction of a known arti-
fact, such as a machinist's rule, enhances the
value of photography in a welding inspection
report.
Joints, Plus Seal Welds
by Richard D. Campbell and J. P. Christein / he eighth in a series of
articles about the proper use and requirements of welding symbols,
this feature addresses welding symbols to support T- and corner
joints, plus seal welds, including illet weld reinforcement of groove
welds, and welds on skewed T-joints / 14

Using Photographs in Inspection Reports

by Calvin E. Pepper / Well-planned inspections can be signiicantly
enhanced by the use of thoughtful and relevant photographs.
he positive impact of using quality images and indicators are
INSPECTION TRENDS (ISSN 1523-7168) is
discussed / 18
published quarterly by the American Welding Society.
Editorial and advertising offices are located at 8669 NW How to Prevent Arc Blow
36 St., #130, Miami, FL 33166; telephone (305) 443-
9353. Printed by R. R. Donnelley & Sons Co., Senatobia, by Albert J. Moore Jr. / Arc blow is the delection of an arc from its
Miss. Subscriptions $30.00 per year for noncertified, normal path due to magnetic forces, which impedes the completion
nonmembers in the United States and its possessions;
$50.00 per year in foreign countries; $20.00 per year for of satisfactory welds. he sources of arc blow and correction
noncertified members and students; $10.00 single issue methods are described / 20
for nonmembers; and $7.00 single issue for members.
American Welding Society is located at 8669 NW 36 St.,
#130, Miami, FL 33166; telephone (305) 443-9353.
Periodicals postage paid in Miami, Fla., and additional
mailing offices.
POSTMASTER: Send address changes to
Inspection Trends c/o American Welding Society, 8669
NW 36 St., #130, Miami, FL 33166.

Readers of Inspection Trends may make copies of articles

for personal, archival, educational, or research
purposes, and which are not for sale or resale. Permis-
sion is granted to quote from articles, provided custom-
ary acknowledgment of authors and sources is made. Departments
Starred (*) items excluded from copyright.

AWS MISSION STATEMENT Editorial........................................6 Mark Your Calendar ..................24

The mission of the American Welding Society is to advance
the science, technology, and application of welding and
allied joining processes worldwide, including brazing,
News Bulletins .............................8 Certiication Calendar ...............26
soldering, and thermal spraying.
Print and Product ......................10 Classiieds ..................................28
AWS DIVERSITY AND INCLUSION
STATEMENT Just the Facts.............................12 Advertiser Index ........................28
AWS values diversity, advocates equitable and inclusive
practices, and engages its members and stakeholders in
establishing a culture in the welding community that Technology Notes ......................23
welcomes, learns from, and celebrates differences among
people.
AWS recognizes that a commitment to diversity, equity,
and inclusion is essential to achieving excellence for the
Association, its members, and employees.

November 2018 / Inspection Trends 5

 Editorial
Publisher
Mary Ruth Johnsen, mjohnsen@aws.org

Editorial

What’s Next in Your Future? Editor

Carlos Guzman, cguzman@aws.org
By Brent E. Boling
Senior Editor
Cindy Weihl, cweihl@aws.org

Features Editor
By the time you read this, we will be close to wrapping up 2018.
Kristin Campbell, kcampbell@aws.org
I don’t know about you, but I like to use this time of year for relection
and planning with goal setting. Look back on the past year and what
Associate Editor
worked and what didn’t work. Plan for the future and how I intend to
Katie Pacheco, kpacheco@aws.org
reach my goals. You already spent the time, money, and resources to
become a Certiied Welding Inspector (CWI). What is next in your
future? What are your plans for your career? Assistant Editor
Inspection Trends has given us several articles on various aspects Roline Pascal, rpascal@aws.org
of nondestructive examination (NDE) this year, such as features on Design and Production
penetrant testing (PT), leak testing, ultrasonic testing (UT), NDE
schools, and NDE work experience requirements. Learning about Production Editor
these topics and examination methods is an opportunity to improve Zaida Chavez, zaida@aws.org
our CWI resumes and enhance our knowledge while broadening our
work horizons. Make yourself more valuable as an employee or con- Assistant Production Manager
tractor. Adding more NDE certiications to your CWI will only help to Brenda Flores, blores@aws.org
keep you busier performing inspections. Broadening your credentials
in inspections cannot be overdone and will never be a waste of money. Manager of Electronic Media
To achieve our CWI status, we all had some serious studying to do. Carlos Guzman, cguzman@aws.org
he same will be true to reach our goals of acquiring some NDT
qualiications. Self-study, online courses, NDE schools, and a Level III Advertising
NDT trainer will be your best friends in this portion of your
education. Media Sales Executives
he American Welding Society (AWS) has partnered with a group of Jef Rhodes, jef.rhodes@mci-group.com
people who I recommend very highly for online classroom hours. Kim Daniele, kim.daniele@mci-group.com
Chuck Hellier and Jim Treat have pulled together a top-notch group of
people and prepared a series of classes on visual examination (VT), Production Specialists
magnetic particle testing (MT), radiographic testing (RT), PT, UT, and Megan Lebo, megan.lebo@mci-group.com
associated procedures. he NDT Classroom is a well-done program Amy Gosen, amy.gosen@mci-group.com
and is available through the AWS website (awo.aws.org).
And for those who are experienced CWIs, have you started Subscriptions Representative
considering how you are going to complete your nine-year CWI Sonia Aleman, saleman@aws.org
renewal? AWS has a very good ofering of online courses that all count
American Welding Society
toward PDHs for the nine-year renewal of your CWI.
8669 NW 36 St., #130
Are you going to set yourself up for failure or success? Failing to
Miami, FL 33166-6672
plan is most deinitely planning to fail. Challenge yourself. Expand (800/305) 443-9353
your horizons. Enhance your resume. Explore NDE.
Copyright
Copyright © 2018 by American Welding Society in both
printed and electronic formats. The Society is not responsi-
ble for any statement made or opinion expressed herein.
Data and information developed by the authors of specific
articles are for informational purposes only and are not
intended for use without independent, substantiating
investigation on the part of potential users.

Brent E. Boling, President, Arc-Tech Welding, Inc., is an AWS CWI with

Structural Bolting Inspection endorsement; ASNT VT and MT Level II;
and ICC S1 and S2.

6 Inspection Trends / November 2018

American Welding Society®
aws.org

Prepare
pare
par
aree for
fo YYou
oour
urr CCWI
CW
WII Ex
W Exa
xam mw wit
withitith
th th
tthe
hhee
Organization
aniz atio
ti thathat
th
hhat
ha
a t Set
at ett t he
h e Sta
SSt
Stan
tand
taanda
aan ddard
dar
ardrdd
American
rica Wele ngg So
Society’
S ty’s Inst
nstrruuc
ucto
cto
ctt -Led
tor-Le
-L
L and
Le
Online CWII Stu
S udy Option
ions
ion
onns Are Yoour
ons ouurs
ur for the Ta Taaking.
For close to
to a century, AWS
S has
hass bbeen the worldwide authority
ority in w
weldding standards
developmment and compliance.
complia So, when you prepare for your
yo CW I exam, it just
makes sennse to use AWSW study options.
 Onlinee and instructor-led seminars available
 Inform
mation presented is the most current and accurate
 Instructor-led seminar is the shortest, most comprehensive in the industry:

Req
R
Requires
ires onl
only 40 hours
ho rs of intensive
intensi e classroom instruction
instr ction (noot 80!)

Inncludes a week-long seminar right before your exam

Comes
C W study materials, including codebook
with all AWS
 10-coourse online CWI Pre-Seminar covers fundamental concepts and principles
frequeently used by CWIs:

Self-paced*
S program with short, easy-to-understand interactiive modules

Easy
E online access anytime, anywhere

User
U -friendly interface and live technical support

B
Benchmarking quizzes and practice problems included
* Students have 90 days to successfully complete all 10 courses.

$7500 Online Pre-Seminar

Save Up to $4000 on the 10-Course Online Pre-Seminar
when you reegister before December
December 30,
30 2018
2018.
To get this special offer or to leaarn about our other Seminnar options, go to aws.org//WJ750.
 News Bulletins

American Welding Society Implements

NDE Endorsement Programs
he American Welding Society (AWS), Miami, Fla., has
recently implemented two new Certiied Welding Inspector
(CWI) endorsements for magnetic particle testing (MT)
and liquid penetrant testing (PT). Both are earned through
examination.
he endorsement program was established by AWS to
promote additional weld inspection qualiications through
the examination of related topics. he AWS MT, and PT en-
dorsements are designed to meet the examination require-
ments where the employer’s procedure technique matches
the speciic and practical exams administered.
he general exam for each method is based on the
ASTM standard practices used in the United States. he MT
exam consists of 40 multiple choice questions derived from
ASTM E709, Standard Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing. he Zetec recently marked 50 years of providing nondestructive
speciic and practical exams are based on an AWS MT proce- examination tools.
dure standard speciication developed utilizing the nonluo-
rescent (visible) dry particle yoke technique. he practical time, but our commitment to improving inspection produc-
exam entails the evaluation of two weld specimens. he PT tivity, reliability, and safety through advanced technologies
exam consists of 40 multiple choice questions derived from has been consistent,” Wilkinson said. “As we celebrate our
ASTM E165, Standard Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examina- history, we’re looking forward to another 50 years of inno-
tion for General Industry. he speciic and practical exams are vation and customer focus.”
based on an AWS PT procedure standard speciication utiliz-
ing the Type II (visible penetrant examination), method C
(solvent removable) technique. Likewise, the practical exam
entails the evaluation of two weld specimens.
For any CWI, either of these two endorsements can be TÜV SÜD Inaugurates Nondestructive
used to meet the CWI nine-year recertiication requirement, Examination Laboratory in Noida, India
or at any period of time after the CWI’s initial certiication.
For more information on these endorsements, includ-
ing how they are administered, and all other available AWS
CWI endorsements, go to aws.org.

Zetec Celebrates 50 Years of Providing

Nondestructive Examination Solutions
Zetec, Snoqualmie, Wash., has celebrated its 50th an-
niversary, marking the company’s place as a global provider
of nondestructive examination solutions for power genera-
tion, oil and gas, aerospace, and other industries.
“hanks to our customers, channel partners, our inno-
vative products, and a highly skilled workforce, we’ve accom-
plished far more than anyone could have imagined back in Representatives of TÜV SÜD, a Germany-based inspection
1968 when Zetec began developing analog eddy current company, gather at the launch of its new nondestructive
testers in a small oice and dairy barn near Seattle, Wash.,” examination facility in India.
said Wayne Wilkinson, Zetec president.
Since then, the company has established numerous
milestones in eddy current and ultrasonic instrumentation, TÜV SÜD, a Germany-based training, inspection, con-
probes, robotics, and data analysis software. sultancy, testing, and certiication company, has inaugurat-
“Market conditions and regulations have evolved over ed a nondestructive (NDE) and destructive examination

8 Inspection Trends / November 2018

(DE) laboratory in Noida, India. he fully equipped laborato-
ry will help businesses prevent incidents that are hazardous
to human life and environment through standards as well as
customized NDE and DE services.
he company will cater to conventional and advanced
NDE needs with equipment and technical specialists con-
ducting tests to ensure that sudden downtime and shut-
down of the manufacturing plants and projects are reduced.
It will also provide testing in accordance with international
standards, such as UIC 960 (DIN 27201-7), EN ISO 9712,
ISO 9712, PCN, SNT-TC- 1A, EN4179/NAS410, and API.
Testing services ofered are eddy current, advance ultra-
sound, long range ultrasound, and corrosion testing. During
inspection, the experts can also conduct a gap assessment
and identify an organization’s NDE training and certiica-
tion needs.
“Technological advancements and digitalization have
transformed the way consumers perceive and expect quali-
ty... and businesses need to bolster their manufacturing
processes through comprehensive testing to ensure that
the end product embodies superior quality and safety
standards,” said Niranjan Nadkarni, CEO of South Asia,
South East Asia, Middle East, and Africa Region, TÜV SÜD.
“Our new nondestructive testing and destructive testing
laboratory will support businesses uphold organizational
goodwill, brand credibility, and inspire conidence among
consumers.”

Weld Qualification Pipe & Plate Coupons

Full Testing Services
Stocked materials: carbon, stainless, aluminum, nickel alloys
Coupons beveled both ends with weldable rust preventative
Marked with heat #, mill certs provide complete traceability
Online Store: prepackaged boxes, AWS Test Kits, Combo Boxes

Like us on facebook

Contact us for pallet quantity discounted pricing and testing services

6 Industrial Way, Hanover, MA 02339-2425
  
s
  
s
&AX  
www.trieng.com

November 2018 / Inspection Trends 9

 Print and Product Showcase
engines, without disassembly. he tip
Videoscopes Provide of a videoscope’s insertion tube, which
Bright, Clear Images can be freely manipulated, is itted
with a very small camera with its own
he IPLEX® GX/GT industrial light source. he videoscope’s white
videoscopes are used to inspect the LED light source can easily be changed
interior of conined spaces, such as to ultraviolet (UV) or infrared light,
power plant equipment or aircraft making it adaptable to a wide range of

applications. Infrared can be used to

inspect in the dark, whereas UV is
better at detecting ine cracks and
showing the presence of lubricants.
American Welding Society® Proprietary image processing delivers
FOUNDAATTION clearer images with less noise. he
videoscopes are also comfortable to
aws.org hold and operate. he weight balance
of the controller is optimized, mini-
mizing operator fatigue. Additional
features include a joystick control
Completing the Arc betweeen of scope-tip articulation; intuitive
touch panel control option; 30 to 60
Welding Education and Financial Asssistance frames/s video capture rate; and 30%
brighter LED light source than the
The AW WS Foundation has more thann $1,000,000 previous model. he videoscopes can
in scholarships available for studennts attending be controlled using the touch screen,
allowing inspections to be performed
weld
ldi
ding ttrade
d schools,
h l two-year
t ccolleges and without the use of the controller. Live
four-year
-year universities,
universities and can rannge in value streaming is also available with a wire-
from
m $500 to $5,000 or more. Thhere aree two less adaptor. Users, including trainees,
can simultaneously view the inspec-
prim
mary types of scholarships that are avaailable tion video using the IPLEX® Image
to welding students. Share App for iOS devices.

Olympus
WELDING EDUCATTION: Studeents pursuing education in welding or a related disscipline olympus-ims.com
at an accredited trade/technicaal school, two-year college or four--year uuniversity may be
eligible for one or more of ourr National, District or Section scholarshipps, ranginng from
$500 to $5,000 or more. Appllications open in December with a deadline of March M 1 Narrow-Diameter Wireless
for scholarships to be used thee following Fall term. Apply at scholarshhip.aws.oorg. Borescope Camera Adds
Accessibility
WELDER TRAINING: Studentss seeking tuition assistance for a welder training program
of up to two years at a trade/tecchnical school, college, or other training facility caan apply he BR250-4 wireless video in-
for a $1,000 scholarship. Applications are accepted year--round andd selectioons are spection borescope camera is designed
to get into openings as small as 4.5
made on a rolling basis until thee District awards its designated funds foor the yearr. Learn
mm while providing clear images on
more and apply at aws.org/w weldertrainingscholarship. its detachable, 3.5-in. color display.
Users can position the borescope as
needed to access a diicult location
For more innformation on eligibility annd without losing sight of the wireless
application instructions, visit aws.org/schollarshipps. display. he monitor can be handheld
and kept in direct view or aixed to
any metallic surface using its magnet

10 Inspection Trends / November 2018

 sile specimens with up to 1½- × 2-in.
ends. It is capable of testing high
tensile-strength materials using their
full section thickness. Jaws are avail-
able for lat and round specimens. A
digital readout displays live and peak
loads. It meets ASME and AWS Codes
as well as military standards. he fac-
tory calibration is traceable to NIST.
UV Inspection Lamp
Speeds Up Fluorescent
Inspection
he ST700 overhead inspection
LED UV light speeds up luorescent
nondestructive examination processes
while also improving inspection

Fischer Engineering Co.

fischerengr.com — continued on page 27
mount (included). Alternately, for in-
spection sites near hazardous or mov-
ing components, users can take the
wireless monitor and inspect condi-
tions remotely up to 32 ft (9.75 m)
away. Captured video (960 × 240 AVI)
and images (640 × 480 JPEG) can be
viewed on the unit’s monitor or trans-
ferred to a computer via the 2GB SD
card or USB cable (both included). Ad-
ditionally, video-out connectivity per-
mits viewing on an external monitor.
For instructors, live video from the
camera can also be received by the
BRD10 wireless USB video receiver for
transmission on live internet video
streams. he wireless borescope also
features the waterproof (IP67-rated)
4.5-mm-diameter BR-4CAM camera
with a 63-deg viewing angle, and ad-
justable four-LED lighting. he video
borescope comes in a hard carrying
case including a magnetic base stand,
microSD memory card and adaptor,
USB and video cables, AC adaptor,
rechargeable display battery, and four
AA batteries.

Extech Instruments
extech.com

Tensile Tester Analyzes

High-Tensile Strength
Materials
he Model TT100 tensile tester is
designed for testing large, welded ten-

November 2018 / Inspection Trends 11

 Just the Facts
When Can Visual or Nondestructive
Examination of Welds be Performed?
Find out why some codes allow visual examination to be performed immediately after
welds have cooled to room temperature, while for certain metals, the same code
requires the examination to be delayed
Visual examination or inspection
of welds can be performed once the
weldment has cooled to room temper-
ature, when it is safe to handle the
weldment and use appropriate visual
examination tools. However, there are
several codes or standards that require
a delay in performing the inal evalua-
tion for acceptance criteria for certain
materials.
AWS D1.1
he American Welding Society
(AWS) D1.1/D1.1M:2015, Structural
Welding Code — Steel, was speciically
developed for welded steel structures
Fig. 1 — Pictured is a weldment with hydrogen-induced cracks.
12 Inspection Trends / November 2018
that utilize carbon or low-alloy steels.
However, some of the alloys are high-
strength low-alloy steels that are sus-
ceptible to hydrogen-induced cracking.
his code addresses visual inspection
requirements in Clause 6, Inspection.
Paragraph 6.9 states, “All welds shall be
visually inspected and shall be accept-
able if the criteria of Table 6.1…are sat-
isied.” Table 6.1, Visual Inspection Ac-
ceptance Criteria, Item (5), Time of In-
spection, states the following: “Visual
inspection of welds in all steels may be-
gin immediately after the completed
welds have cooled to ambient tempera-
ture. Acceptance criteria for ASTM
A514, A517, and A709 Grade HPS
100W [HPS 690W] steels shall be based
By Richard D. Campbell
on visual inspection performed not less
than 48 hours after completion of the
weld.”
his requirement allows the visual
inspection to be performed on welds
on all steels after they have cooled to
ambient temperatures. his includes
welds on high-strength steels such as
ASTM A514, A517, and A709 Grade
HPS 100W steels, which can be in-
spected after they have cooled. Any de-
fects that are already present can then
be repaired. However, the diference
with these steels is that their inal ac-
ceptance criteria is based on visual in-
spection performed not less than 48
hours after completion of the weld.
his is because these steels have mini-
mum yield strengths of 90,000 psi and
are susceptible to hydrogen-induced
cracking.
As identiied in the AWS Welding
Handbook, Materials and Applications,
Part 1, 9th edition, Volume 4, pg. 12,
“Hydrogen cracking (also known as
underbead cracking, cold cracking, or
delayed cracking) can occur when
welding carbon and low-alloy steels.
he potential for hydrogen cracking in
the weld metal or heat-afected zone,
or both, depends on the composition,
hydrogen content, and tensile stress
level of these areas. Hydrogen cracking
generally occurs at a temperature be-
low 150°C (300°F), either immediately
on cooling or after an incubation peri-
od of up to 48 hours.” his same refer-
ence identiies that “Cracking some-
times occurs in the weld metal, partic-
ularly when its yield strength is
over…90 ksi. In general, however, alloy
steels are more likely to crack in the
HAZ.”
Allowing the weldment to remain
at ambient temperature for 48 hours is
generally suicient time for the hydro-
gen to difuse through the metal and
for any cracking to occur. hus, wait-
ing 48 hours has generally been
shown to be suicient time to allow
hydrogen-induced cracking to occur
and be evaluated — Fig. 1.
he AWS D1.1 Code imposes the
same 48-hour criteria in paragraph 6.11
for nondestructive testing (NDT),
where it allows testing to “begin imme-
diately after the completed welds have
cooled to ambient temperature.” How-
ever, “acceptance criteria for ASTM
A514, A517, and A709 Grade HPS
100W [690W] steels shall be based on
NDT performed not less than 48 hours
after completion of the welds.”
he AWS D1.1 Commentary on
paragraph 6.11 explains that the ac-
ceptance criteria for these “high-
strength quenched and tempered steels
are based on inspection, visual or NDT,
conducted at least 48 hours after com-
pletion of the weld. Since high-strength
steels, when welded, and weld metal are
susceptible to delayed cracking caused
by hydrogen embrittlement, stress rup-
ture, etc., it has been necessary to im-
pose this time restriction to assure that
any delayed cracking has a reasonable
chance of being discovered during the
inspection.”
AWS D1.6
he AWS D1.6/D1.6M:2017, Struc-
tural Welding Code — Stainless Steel, is
mainly utilized for austenitic stainless
steels, such as Types 304 and 316,
which are not susceptible to hydrogen-
induced cracking. However, this code
may also be utilized for other types of
stainless steels, such as martensitic and
precipitation hardening stainless steels.
he Visual Inspection Acceptance Crite-
ria in Table 8.1 identiies that inal in-
spection and evaluation for “austenitic,
ferritic, and duplex stainless steels, may
begin immediately after the completed
welds have cooled to ambient tempera-
ture.” However, for “martensitic and
precipitation hardening stainless steels,
[inal inspection and evaluation] shall
begin not less than 24 hours after the
completed welds have cooled to ambient
temperature.” Paragraph 8.11, Nonde-
structive Testing (NDT), makes similar
statements.
his same code includes Annex G,
Nonprequaliied Stainless Steels —
Guidelines for WPS Qualiication and
Use, which addresses nonaustenitic
stainless steels. his annex states that
“martensitic stainless steels are sus-
ceptible to cold cracking, in which dif-
fusible hydrogen can play a contribut-
ing role.”
API Standard 1104
he 21st edition of API Standard
1104, Welding of Pipelines and Related
Facilities, covers welding of carbon and
low-alloy steel pipelines. Annex B, In-
Service Welding, covers welding re-
pairs and welding of appurtenances on
in-line pipelines that are in service and
have luids passing through them. his
annex addresses two main concerns:
burn-through of the pipe wall and hy-
drogen-induced cracking. his latter
concern is because “welds made in
service cool at an accelerated rate as
the result of the lowing contents’ abil-
ity to remove heat from the pipe wall.”
Included in this annex is paragraph
B.2, which provides requirements for
qualiication of in-service welding pro-
cedures that include face bend tests of
weld coupons. he irst requirement for
these tests is that the “face bend speci-
mens should not be tested less than 24
hours after welding,” because of the is-
sue of hydrogen-induced cracking.
his annex continues with recom-
mendations in paragraph B.5, Inspec-
tion and Testing of In-service Welds,
where it identiies that “When deter-
mining appropriate delay times prior to
inspection for hydrogen cracking, the
time-dependent nature of cracking
should be considered, as well as the
probability of the weld to crack. Longer
delay times decrease the chance that
cracking can occur after inspection has
been completed. he probability of
cracking, and thus the importance of
determining an appropriate delay time,
can be minimized by using more conser-
vative welding procedures.” his state-
ment recommends including delay
times prior to inspection of in-service
welds to ensure that any hydrogen-in-
duced cracking has already occurred.
ISO 15614-1
ISO 15614-1:2017, Speciication and
Qualiication of Welding Procedures for
Metallic Materials — Welding Procedure
November 2018 / Inspection Trends 13
Test — Part 1: Arc and Gas Welding of
Steels and Arc Welding of Nickel and Nick-
el Alloys also addresses delay times.
Clause 7.3, Nondestructive Testing, rec-
ommends that for materials susceptible
to hydrogen-induced cracking and
where no postweld heat treatment is
speciied, nondestructive testing of
welding procedure qualiication coupons
should be delayed.
Summary
Weld inspection or examination,
whether visual or nondestructive,
shall be performed in accordance with
the timing requirements in the appro-
priate codes or standards.
For the most part, these examina-
tions can be performed immediately
after the weld has cooled to ambient
temperature. his includes examina-
tions on high-strength steels, where if
defects are discovered (such as cracks),
they can be repaired at this time. How-
ever, for the high-strength steels iden-
tiied in certain codes, the inal accept-
ance criteria shall not be imposed
until the appropriate time period has
passed to ensure that if hydrogen-
induced cracking will occur, it has been
given the appropriate delay time.
RICHARD D. CAMPBELL, PhD, PE
(rdcampbe@bechtel.com) is a
Bechtel Fellow and Welding
Technical Specialist with Bechtel
Corp., Houston, Tex. He is an AWS
Senior Certified Welding Inspector,
a CWB Level 2 Welding Inspector,
an ASNT NDT Level III Visual
Testing Inspector, a registered
professional metallurgical
engineer, member of the AWS D1
Committee on Structural Welding,
chair of the D1K Subcommittee on
Stainless Steel, member of the D1H
Subcommittee on Sheet Steel,
member of the AWS A2C
Subcommittee on Symbols,
member of the ASME B31.3
Process Piping Section Committee,
chair of the ASME B31.3 Subgroup
E on Fabrication, Examination, and
Testing, chair of the ASME B31
Fabrication and Examination
Committee, and vice chair of the
ASME Board on Conformity
Assessment.
 Feature By J. P. Christein and Richard D. Campbell

Applications of Welding Symbols to Support

T- and Corner Joints, Plus Seal Welds
Their use and proper applications are described, including fillet weld
reinforcement of groove welds and welds on skewed T-joints

his is the eighth in a series of arti- and slot). he welding symbol contains reference line to the arrow-side member
cles about improving the communica- the weld symbol with all the additional of the weld joint. he arrow may or may
tion of welding symbols. he previous element information (for example, size, not be broken to indicate the member
seven issues of Inspection Trends have length, and pitch) applied to it. Even to receive the preparation for the weld.
addressed groove weld symbols; illet though a welding symbol may consist of
weld symbols; spot, seam, and projec- several elements, only the reference line
tion weld symbols; plug and slot weld and an arrow are required elements — Fillet Weld Reinforcement
symbols; edge weld symbols; stud, Fig. 1.
back, backing, and surfacing weld he reference line is always drawn Groove welds in T-joints usually
symbols; and supplementary welding horizontally. he arrow connects the have some type of illet weld reinforce-
symbols. his article will address weld-
ing symbols to support T- and corner
joints, including illet weld reinforce-
ment of groove welds and welds on
skewed T-joints. It will also cover seal
welds. REFERENCE LINE
Welding symbols provide a system
for placing welding information on
drawings, procedures, and data sheets
for the purpose of relaying informa- ARROW
tion to itters, welders, fabricators,
and inspectors. Welding symbols
quickly indicate the type of weld joint Fig. 1 — Reference line and arrow.
needed to satisfy the requirements for
the intended service conditions.
here are a number of standards
throughout the world that relate to
welding symbols; however, AWS A2.4,
Standard Symbols for Welding, Brazing,
and Nondestructive Examination, is the
standard most widely used. he data
in this article is referenced from
AWS A2.4:2012 and AWS A3.0M/
A3.0:2010, Standard Welding Terms
and Deinitions.

Welding Symbol Basics

In the AWS system, the terms weld

symbol and welding symbol have impor-
tant and diferent meanings. he weld
symbol identiies the speciic type of
weld (for example, illet, groove, plug, Fig. 2 — Double-square-groove weld with a double-fillet weld reinforcement on a T-joint.

14 Inspection Trends / November 2018

ment. he illet weld reinforcement re-
duces the stress concentration of the
T-joint connection and helps distrib-
ute the stress low from one member
to the other. It also contributes to the
strength of the weld joint.
As an application of this, AWS
D1.1/D1.1M:2015, Structural Welding
Code — Steel, states that two or more
welds of diferent types may be com-
bined, such as a groove weld and a il-
let weld, and identiies what deter-
mines the efective throat of the com-
bination weld (paragraphs 2.4.2.7 and
2.7.4, and Annex A).
Per AWS A2.4, for T-joints requir-
ing more than one weld type, a combi-
nation symbol is used to specify each
weld. he size of the illet weld rein-
forcement is placed to the left of the
Fig. 3 — Double-bevel-groove weld with a double-fillet weld reinforcement on a T-joint.
illet weld symbol in lieu of placing it
on the reference line.
Figures 2 and 3 provide examples of
the application of weld symbols for
combined groove and illet welds for a
T-joint connection, while Fig. 4 illus-
trates the same for a corner joint.

Welds on Skewed T-Joints

AWS A3.0 deines a skewed joint as
a variation of any one of the ive basic
joint types in which the members are
oriented at angles diferent than typi-
cal orthogonal angles.
Per AWS A2.4, a skewed T-joint is
when the angle between the fusion
faces is such that the identiication of
the weld type and proper weld symbol
is in question. he detail of the desired
joint, weld coniguration, and dimen-
sions are required to be shown on the Fig. 4 — Double-bevel-groove weld with a single-fillet weld reinforcement on a corner joint.
drawing. hree skewed T-joints, show-
ing various edge preparations with di-
mensioning, are provided in Figs. 5–7.
he AWS D1.1 code addresses weld
design requirements. It states that for
illet welds between parts with sur- 3/8
faces meeting at an angle between 80
and 100 deg, the design drawings
must specify the illet weld size — in- 1/16

dicating that these are considered illet 1/4

45° SEE
welds, and that for these angles close DETAIL A

to perpendicular, there is no require- 1/4 5/16

ment to alter the weld size because of
the angle. However, for skewed T- 5/8
joints where the angle between the
surfaces of the components is less DETAIL A
than 80 or greater than 100 deg, the
drawings are required to specify the ef-
fective throat. his acknowledges that
for these acute (that is, less than 90 Fig. 5 — Skewed T-joint (natural bevel).
deg) or obtuse (greater than 90 deg)

November 2018 / Inspection Trends 15

angles, the weld is considered either a
groove or a illet weld and the size is
based on the efective throat, not the
illet weld size (based on the leg) (Ref. 3/8
AWS D1.1, paragraph 2.3.4).
his is why AWS A2.4 states to 3/16
specify the dimensions on the drawing
45° SEE
rather than calling this either a illet or 1/4 DETAIL A
groove weld. Note that these dimen- 1/4 1/4
sions are measurable with skewed T-
joint weld gauges. 5/8
he AWS D1.1 Code provides de-
tails on design requirements and pre- DETAIL A
qualiied welding procedure speciica-
tion (WPS) status for welds in skewed
T-joints (Ref. AWS D1.1, Clauses 2 and
3). Annex B, Efective hroats of Fillet
Welds in Skewed T-joints, provides a Fig. 6 — Skewed T-joint (parallel preparation).
conversion table showing how the
equivalent illet weld size is afected by
the angle of the skewed T-joint if the
weld is detailed as a illet weld.

3/8
Seal Welds
7/16
he AWS A3.0 Standard deines a
seal weld as any weld intended prima- 5/16 45° SEE
DETAIL A
rily to provide a speciic degree of 7/16
5/16
tightness against leakage. his in-
cludes luids or gases.
5/8
Per AWS A2.4, when the intent of
the weld is to fulill a sealing function
only, the weld shall be speciied in the DETAIL A
tail of the welding symbol as a “Seal
Weld” as shown in Fig. 8.
However, the AWS A2.4 Commen-
tary cautions that a welding symbol Fig. 7 — Skewed T-joint (vertical preparation).
with only “Seal Weld” in the tail and
no other requirements will delegate
welding details to the discretion of the
fabrication shop, whose judgment and
welding practice may not ensure the
service performance of the joint as ex-
pected by the designer. It is pointed
out that a seal weld may require care-
ful consideration regarding weld size
as well as the type. his is because a
seal weld will not perform its function
if the weld cracks. Additional stresses
such as handling, storage, shipping, vi- Fig. 8 — Seal weld.
brations, temperature changes, and so
forth should be considered (Ref. AWS
A2.4:2012, paragraph D7.12).
Figure 9 provides a weld size for a il-
let seal weld, such as on a T-joint. A
groove seal weld might also be speciied
(see Fig. 10). A seal weld is often used to
ensure a leak-tight connection around a
pipe-to-plate or pipe-to-end cap joint,
such as a plate welded to the end of a
pole (Fig. 11), to ensure water does not
seep in, or to keep luid on the inside of
the pipe from leaking out. Fig. 9 — Fillet weld size for a seal weld.

16 Inspection Trends / November 2018

 Summary

his article provided a review of

welding symbols to support T- and
corner joints, including illet weld rein-
forcement of groove welds and welds
on skewed T-joints. It also covered seal
welds.
his article is part of a series of ar-
Fig. 10 — Groove weld size for a seal weld.
ticles to provide a foundation of basic
welding symbol requirements per AWS
A2.4. he next article will provide in-
formation on NDE symbols.

J. P. CHRISTEIN (jpc00@verizon.net) is
chair of the AWS A2 Committee on
Definitions and Symbols as well as chair
of the A2C Subcommittee on Symbols. He
is also a member of the AWS Technical
Activities Committee.

Fig. 11 — Fillet seal weld between a pipe and plate.
RICHARD D. CAMPBELL
(rdcampbe@bechtel.com) is with Bechtel
Corp. and has taught AWS CWI seminars
for more than 21 years. He also developed
a seminar on welding symbols that he
teaches for AWS at FABTECH shows and
in-house seminars. He is also a member
of the AWS D1 Structural Welding
Committee.

November 2018 / Inspection Trends 17

 Feature By Calvin E. Pepper

Using Photographs in
Inspection Reports
The positive impact of using quality images and indicators are discussed

When was the last time you looked the quality of results is not only en- images can now be captured and
for something interesting to read and hanced by photographs, but also the stored in high deinition on a camera
reached for an inspection report? Nev- focal point for the reader of the report. or iPad to be retrieved and inserted
er? Perhaps you sometimes wonder Today’s photographic capabilities appropriately into reports.
what happened to all those inspection have advanced well beyond the old Where old concerns were for ilm
reports you submitted last year. Were standard of cameras and ilm. Digital media that was subject to deteriora-
they read by your supervisor? he
project manager? he welding engi-
neer? Maybe they were “iled,” never
to be seen again. Most of us wonder if
A
our reports make a diference. In some
organizations, it is obvious that our
reports are used to improve the manu-
facturing or fabrication process; unfor-
tunately, that is the exception, not the
rule.
he contents and form of visual in-
spection reports are typically pre-
scribed by the code or speciication.
For code work, the referenced code
document has a section specifying
minimum information requirements,
and in some cases, the format to be
used to present the results of inspec- B
tions. hese are minimum require-
ments, however, they can generally be
supplemented with additional infor-
mation such as photos of the object,
joint, or equipment.
Codes are generally silent on the
use of photographs as either supple-
mental to written descriptions or as
direct evidence of conditions or dis-
continuities. For some assignments,
photographs supplementing written
descriptions are simply not available
because of prohibitions on photo-
graphic devices (including phones with
cameras) within certain facilities.
he most compelling reason to use
photography to supplement written Fig. 1 — An overlay image photographed with and without a quality indicator. While the
descriptions of inspections is a desire overlay thickness and location of hardness test points are visible in photo A, the reader can
to produce the most informative and use the image quality indicator provided in photo B to measure any features necessary,
useful report possible. Many times, even after the specimen is no longer available.

18 Inspection Trends / November 2018


Fig. 2 — Introduction of a measurement standard adds significantly to both the understand-
ing and the usefulness of photographs in a final inspection report.
tion from the elements, today the con-
cern is for compatibility between the
images and the text software.
Quality Indicators
he quality of photographic images
is enhanced by establishing a context
for the image, as well as including
an image quality indicator to aid in
interpretation.
he introduction of a known arti-
fact enhances the value of photogra-
phy as evidenced in Figs. 1 and 2, and
can be either a professionally devel-
oped set of measuring standards, or
any available measuring device (steel
mechanist’s rule, precision markings,
or even a coin, for example) that can
provide a comparative analysis for
conditions or defects present in the
photographic image — Figs. 3–5.
he value of properly referencing
photographs by introducing image
quality indicators cannot be overem-
phasized. Without context, photo-
graphic images simply cannot provide
meaningful data for the interpreter.
his could be compared to radiograph-
ic images without image quality indi-
cators against which to measure de-
tectable defect size.
Well-planned inspections with
strong documentation, including both
well-researched and presented data,
can be signiicantly enhanced by the
use of thoughtful and relevant photo-
graphs. Photos alone, however, do not
show an adequate representation of
the facts needed to address issues or
defects, nor can photos provide guid-
ance into corrective and preventive
measures.
November 2018 / Inspection Trends 19
Fig. 3 — The image of the crack below the
repair weld shown would benefit from the
introduction of an image quality indicator
showing the actual size of the crack.
Fig. 4 — A set of professionally produced
image quality indicators that can be
placed into the field of view of a photo-
graph for comparing the actual size of
indications.
Fig. 5 — A steel machinist’s rule makes
an excellent image quality indicator when
introduced into the field of view within a
photograph.
CALVIN E. PEPPER
(cpepper1946@gmail.com) has spent the
past 44 years in inspection and quality,
engineering, project, and construction
management. He is an instructor at
Southeastern Louisiana University where
he teaches codes and standards, NDE, and
engineering materials and metallurgy.
Additionally, he has experience both
internationally and in the United States,
serves on the AWS Q&C and Welding
Handbook Committees, is a past director-
at-large, and is an AWS Life Member.
 Feature By Albert J. Moore Jr.

How to Prevent Arc Blow

The causes of arc blow and correction methods are explained

Welders often encounter arc blow
so severe they are not able to “put the
metal where it’s supposed to go,” and
they may ask you, the CWI, to solve
the problem.
Arc blow is deined as the delection
of an arc from its normal path due to
magnetic forces, and there are several
causes. Often it is caused by the
welder without him or her realizing
why. Whenever an electrical current
lows through a conductor, a circular
magnetic ield is produced around the
conductor. Have you ever noticed the
grindings on the shop loor next to the
welding leads stand up and dance
whenever the welder strikes the weld-
ing arc? What you are observing is the
efects of the magnetic ield surround-
ing the welding leads while the current
is lowing. he strength of the magnet-
ic ield is directly proportional to the
magnetizing current. If the welder in-
creases the welding current, the
strength of the magnetic ield also in-
creases, and the grindings on the loor
further away from the welding leads
are afected.
Ferromagnetic material, such as
low-carbon steel, is easily magnetized,
but it does not retain the magnetic
ield once the magnetizing current is
interrupted. Low-carbon steel has
high permeability, but low retentivity.
he permeability of low-carbon steel is
somewhere between 5000 and 6000
henries per meter (H/m). On the other
hand, quench and tempered high-
strength low-alloy steel is more dii-
cult to magnetize, but once it is mag-
netized, it tends to remain magnet-
ized. High-strength steel with high
hardness has lower permeability, but
higher retentivity. he welder notices
arc blow to be more of a problem on
steel that has lower strength and
lower hardness, such as ASTM A36 or
ASTM A53. Quenched and tempered
steel such as ASTM A515 is stronger
and harder, and not afected by arc
blow to the same degree as ASTM A36
while welding at the same welding
current.
Ineffective Solutions
Welders often try wrapping the
welding lead around the part when
they encounter arc blow. While that
disrupts the circular magnetic ield, it
produces a longitudinal magnetic ield.
If they attempt to wrap the welding
lead in the opposite direction, there
will be no change if they are welding
with alternating current. If they are

Fig. 1 — The total amperage passing through the right end of the member is the sum of the current used by each of the four welders. In this
case, four welders, each using 450 amps (A), would cause 1800 A to flow through the right end. The intense magnetic field would probably
make welding difficult. There would be lots of spatter but little acceptable weld deposited. The welder to the far left would probably have little
difficulty because the member would only have 450 A passing through that end.

20 Inspection Trends / November 2018

 Fig. 2 — The sketch shows how the welding leads can be reconfigured to mitigate the possibility of a strong magnetic field that produces
magnetic arc blow. Two welding machines are connected to the left end and two welding machines are connected to the right end. As the
arrows showing the amperage and direction of the current flow indicates, the currents are “bucking” each other, thus canceling each other. If
the net current flowing through the member is zero, there is no magnetic field generated, thus no magnetic arc blow.
welding with direct current, they will
reverse the magnetic poles. In other
words, the north and south poles
switch, but the inluence of the mag-
netic ield is unchanged. If the welder
wraps more loops (turns) around the
member, the density of the magnetic
lux increases and the strength of the
magnetic ield increases. Once mag-
netized, the member will still be mag-
netized even if the current is turned
of. As previously explained, once the
welding current is no longer lowing,
the strength of the magnetic ield is a
function of the retentivity of the steel.
he strength of the magnetic ield
is dependent on the magnetizing cur-
rent times the permeability of the
steel. Doubling the amperage doubles
the intensity of the magnetic ield.
Consider what happens when several
welders are welding on the same mem-
ber. If the work leads are connected to
one end of a long member, the welding
current is additive if all the welding
machines are using the same polarity.
his is a typical condition when several
welders are welding on a bridge girder
or long column. he strength of the
magnetic ield increased in proportion
to the sum of the welding current
lowing through the steel member.
Figure 1 shows four welding ma-
chines connected to one end of the
member. he four welding machines,
each putting out 450 amps (A), result
in 1800 A passing through the right
end of the member. You now have four
very unhappy welders complaining
about severe arc blow.
Preventing Arc Blow
Multiple Welders
Figure 2 depicts the same number
of welders welding on the same mem-
ber. However, the welding leads have
been reconigured. he work leads are
connected to opposite ends of the
member. he new coniguration pro-
duces “bucking currents,” that is, the
current from two of the welders count-
er the current from the other two
welders. One can assign either a “+” or
“–“ to the current depending on the di-
rection of low (not to be confused
with polarity). he current lowing to
the right has a positive sign; the cur-
rent lowing toward the left has a nega-
tive sign. he sum of +900 and –900 A
equals 0. hus, the currents cancel each
other, so no magnetic ield is produced.
In short, reconiguring the welding
leads mitigates the arc blow.
Single Welder
A weld between two long plates
draws the far end of the plates togeth-
er if the welder starts welding at one
end and progresses toward the oppo-
site end. As the welder deposits the
irst inch of weld, the deposited weld
November 2018 / Inspection Trends 21
acts as a hinge. Any additional weld
deposited in the groove cools and con-
tracts as the welder progresses down
the length of the groove. he contrac-
tion pulls the two plates together until
at the far end one plate is sitting on
top of the other. Where the weld is ini-
tiated, a magnetic ield is generated.
he magnetic ield is concentrated
around the weld and delects the weld-
ing arc. he strength of the magnetic
ield is intensiied because all of the
current is lowing through a small
cross section. As the welder continues
to deposit weld, the amperage doesn’t
change, but the cross section of the
weld increases so the density of the
magnetic lux and the inluence of the
magnetic ield on the arc are reduced.
Once the welding arc reaches the op-
posite end of the groove, assuming
one plate isn’t on top of the other al-
ready, the magnetic ield tends to blow
the welding arc back and away from
the groove end.
he problems can be mitigated by
using several heavy tack welds or a
plate welded to the end to secure the
plates and provide an additional path-
way to conduct the welding current.
Increasing the cross-sectional area of
the tack welds and the run-of tabs re-
duces the magnetic lux density and
the inluence of the magnetic ield on
the arc.
here are a couple of techniques
that can be employed to mitigate trou-
blesome magnetic ields. One is to use
 current lows through the other. Bot-
tom line, the current through each
work lead is reduced by 50%, and as a
result, the intensity of the magnetic
ield is reduced by 50%. If the work
leads are placed in opposite corners,
the beneits are greater because the
magnetic ields are balanced and tend
to cancel out. Lastly, use the backstep
technique to minimize the movement
of the plates. he backstep technique
practically eliminate the tendency of
one plate to ride up and over the other
plate. Figure 3 shows how the tack
welds are placed, the location of the
multiple work leads, and the backstep
technique.
Welders often look to the CWI to
solve their problems. his is one more
“tool” to add to your tool box.
Fig. 3 — The sketch shows two work leads that provide alternate current paths that
effectively reduces the current through each plate by 50% and mitigate the magnetic field
through the two opposite but balanced magnetic fields. The large tack welds secure the ALBERT J. MOORE JR.
plates and provide a larger cross section that reduces the magnetic flux density. The (amoore999@comcast.net) is vice
backstep technique reduces or eliminates the tendency of one plate “pulling” toward the president, Marion Testing & Inspection,
other to the extent that one plate ends up on top of the other. Canton, Conn. He is an AWS Senior
Certified Welding Inspector and an ASNT
NDT Level III. He is also a member of the
large tack welds as already mentioned. rent lowing through each work lead. AWS Certification Committee and the
Committee on Methods of Inspection of
Multiple work lead connections placed One can assume half the current lows Welds.
at opposite corners will reduce the cur- through one work lead, and half the

22 Inspection Trends / November 2018

 Technology Notes

Code Edition: D15.1:2012-AMD1 1. If a WPS is outside of these set-

Interpretation
AWS D15.1/D15.1M:
2012-AMD1
Subject: PQR essential variable
changes requiring WPS requalification
for SMAW, SAW, GMAW, FCAW, and
GTAW — Process parameters
(ed. 5)
Code Provision: Subclause 10.1 and
Table 10.1 (17)
Inquiry: Table 10.1, Item 17 specifies
if there is “A change in amperage or
voltage that is not within a range rec-
ommended by the electrode supplier,”
then WPSs must be requalified.
tings, is the range that may be
produced from a PQR similar to item
18?
2. Is the term supplier intended to
be the manufacturer of the wire?
Response: 1. No. The only ranges
qualified are those recorded on the
PQR(s). 2. Yes

Erratum
he following Erratum has been
identiied and will be incorporated
into the next reprinting of this
document.

AWS Standard: AWS A5.18/A5.18M:

2017, Speciication for Carbon Steel Elec-
trodes and Rods for Gas Shielded Arc
Welding, Page 12, Table 6, GMAW
Groove Weld Assembly Test Condi-
tions for Solid Electrodes: Change the
travel speed for 0.045 in. [1.2 mm]
size electrodes from “131 in/min ± 1
in/min” to “13 in/min ± 1 in/min” as
shown in the second column (see
boxed table).

Correction
he August 2018 issue of Inspection Trends con-
tained the following errors in the feature article, “Sup-
plementary Welding Symbols,” and on the cover.
he title of the article was wrongly written as,
“Supplementary Weld Symbols,” whereas it should
have been, “Supplementary Welding Symbols.”
Furthermore, the cover mistakenly showed an incom-
plete drawing of the weld-all-around symbol. he cor-
rect symbol is shown below.
hese corrections have been made in the online
version of Inspection Trends (http://www.nxtbook.com/
nxtbooks/aws/it_201808/).
We apologize to the readers and the authors for the
mistake.
Leak Testing Article Clarification
he article, “Overview of Leak Testing,”
published in the August 2018 issue of Inspection
Trends requires clariication.
he article stated that, “Traditionally, soapy
water was used to detect leaks, but ASTM and
ASME no longer accept that method.” his
should be amended to state that soapy water
made with household soap or detergent is no
longer accepted, but a commercial leak-testing
luid should be used.
We apologize to our readers for any confu-
sion this may have caused.

Weld-all-around
symbol.

November 2018 / Inspection Trends 23

 Mark Your Calendar
2018 AWS Professional Program
Nov. 6–8. World Congress Center, Atlanta, Ga. The Ameri-
can Welding Society’s 2018 annual conference, known
as the 2018 AWS Professional Program, welcomes presen-
tations on novel developments and research areas related
to materials joining, including surfacing and additive
manufacturing. Visit aws.org.
FABTECH
Nov. 6–8. Georgia World Congress Center, Atlanta, Ga. This
trade show provides a one-stop shop venue where visitors
can meet with world-class suppliers; see the latest industry
products and developments; find the tools to improve
productivity; increase profits; and discover new solutions
to metal forming, fabricating, welding, and finishing needs.
This year’s event is expected to have more than 35,000
attendees and 1500 exhibiting companies. Visit
fabtechexpo.com.
ASNT Research Symposium
April 1–4. Hyatt Regency Orange County, Garden Grove,
Calif. The theme for the 2019 Research Symposium is “Ad-
24 Inspection Trends / November 2018
vancing NDE Technologies, Research and Engineering in a
Changing World.” It aims to address key research, develop-
ment, and innovation of advancing NDE technologies as
well as bridge gaps in NDE research, engineering, and tech-
nology transfer. Visit asnt.org.
Educational Opportunities
ASME Section IX Seminar
Learn how to use ASME Section IX quickly and cost effec-
tively. This three-day ASME-sponsored course is scheduled
for the following dates and locations: New Orleans, La., Dec.
10–12; Portland, Ore., April 8–10, 2019; and Houston, Tex.,
June 10–12, 2019. Contact Marion Hess, hessm@asme.org,
(212) 591-7161, or register at asme.org/products/courses/
bpv-code-section-ix-welding-brazing-fusing.
The Atlas of Welding Procedure Specifications
he AWS Connecticut Section is hosting a three-day semi-
nar/workshop on developing welding procedure speciica-
tions, procedure qualiication records, and welder qualiica-
tion records. his event, scheduled for March 25–27 in Sims-
bury, Conn., will provide instruction and the rationale for
developing qualiied and prequaliied welding procedures
that meet AWS and ASME standards. In-class exercises cov-
er the process of writing prequaliied WPSs and the mechan-
ics of qualifying WPSs by testing. he welding documents
developed are applicable to AWS, ASME, NAVSEA, and oth-
er military standards, and commercial welding standards.
Contact Albert Moore, workshop leader, for more informa-
tion at amoore999@comcast.net.
AWS Online CWI Pre-Seminar
he online CWI Pre-Seminar covers fundamental concepts
and principles frequently used by CWIs. he ten-course pro-
gram has been thoughtfully engineered to provide a strong
foundation for those who are preparing to take the CWI
exam or as a refresher for accomplished CWIs in need of
professional development hours (PDHs). Visit aws.org.
NDE Classes
Moraine Valley Community College, Palos Hills, Ill., offers
NDE classes in PT, MT, UT, RT, radiation safety, and eddy
current, as well as API 510 exam prep and weld inspection.
(708) 974-5735; ccce@morainevalley.edu; morainevalley.edu.
NDT Classroom Training and e-Learning Course
GE’s Inspection Academy offers courses in UT, RT, MT, PT,
eddy current, and remote visual inspection. Onsite training
also available. (855) 232-7470; geinspectionacademy.com; in-
spection.academy@ge.com.
NDT Courses and Exams
Brea, Calif., and customers’ locations. Level I, II, and III re-
fresher courses in PA, UT, MP, radiation safety, radiography,
visual, etc. Test NDT LLC; (714) 255-1500; testndt.com.

Preparation for AWS® — CWI®/CWE® Examination

Certification Classes and Seminar Troy, Ohio. This two-week class offers nine days of instruc-
Steel Tank Institute/Steel Plate Fabricators Association tion with the test being administered on the tenth day. In-
offer the upcoming STI/SP001 Aboveground Tank System cludes a backpack for the convenience of carrying your
Inspector Training, Dec. 10–14. Visit steeltank.com. books and other study materials. Contact Hobart Institute
of Welding Technology; (800) 332-9448; welding.org.
CPCC NDE Continuing Education Courses
Central Piedmont Community College presents the follow-
ing 2019 spring courses: Online: Introduction to NDE, Jan.
14–May 10; NDE Visual Testing Level I & II, Jan. 14–May
10. Classroom: Magnetic Particle Testing Level I & II, Jan.
14–Feb. 11; Level I & II Penetrant Testing, March 18–April
1; Ultrasonic Testing Level 1, Jan. 23–Feb. 27; Ultrasonic
Testing Level 2, March 18–April 24. To register, visit
cpcc.edu/cce/register-now.

CWB Online/Classroom Courses

Courses in NDE disciplines to meet certifications to Canadi-
an General Standards Board or Canadian Nuclear Safety
Commission. The Canadian Welding Bureau; (800) 844-
6790; cwbgroup.org; info@cwbgroup.org.

CWI/CWE Course and Exam

A ten-day program presented in Troy, Ohio. Contact Hobart
Institute of Welding Technology, (800) 332-9448;
hiwt@welding.org; welding.org.

E-Courses in Destructive and Nondestructive Testing

of Welds and Other Welding-Related Topics
Online video courses taken at one’s own pace offer certifi-
cates of completion and continuing education units. Hobart
Institute of Welding Technology, (800) 332-9448;
welding.org/product-category/online-courses/.

EPRI NDE Training Seminars

EPRI ofers NDE technical skills training in visual examina-
tion, ultrasonic examination, ASME Section XI, and UT opera-
tor training. Contact Sherryl Stogner, (704) 547-6174; sstogn-
er@epri.com.

November 2018 / Inspection Trends 25

 Note: The 2018 and 2019 schedule for all certifications is posted
online at aws.org/w/a/registrations/prices_schedules.html.
Certification Schedule

Certified Welding Inspector (CWI) Orlando, FL July 21–26 July 27

Cleveland, OH July 28–Aug. 2 Aug. 3
Location Seminar Dates Exam Date 9-Year Recertification Seminar for CWI/SCWI
Charlotte, NC Nov. 11–16 Nov. 17 For current CWIs and SCWIs needing to meet education re-
Reno, NV Nov. 25–30 Dec. 1 quirements without taking the exam. The exam can be taken
Orlando, FL Nov. 25–30 Dec. 1 at any site listed under Certified Welding Inspector.
Houston, TX Dec. 2–7 Dec. 8
Los Angeles, CA Dec. 2–7 Dec. 8 Location Seminar Dates
Richmond, VA Dec. 9–14 Dec. 15 Houston, TX Nov. 25–30
Miami, FL Dec. 9–14 Dec. 15 Miami, FL Dec. 9–14
Charlotte, NC Jan. 13–18 Jan. 19 Miami, FL Jan. 20–25
Dallas, TX Jan. 13–18 Jan. 19 Houston, TX Feb. 10–15
Denver, CO Jan. 20–25 Jan. 26 San Diego, CA Feb. 17–22
Long Beach, CA Jan. 20–25 Jan. 26 New Orleans, LA March 10–15
Houston, TX Jan. 27–Feb. 1 Feb. 2 Dallas, TX March 24–29
Milwaukee, WI Jan. 27–Feb. 1 Feb. 2
Los Angeles, CA Feb. 10–15 Feb. 16 Certified Welding Educator (CWE)
Pittsburgh, PA Feb. 10–15 Feb. 16 Seminar and exam are given at all sites listed under CWI. Semi-
Orlando, FL Feb. 17–22 Feb. 23 nar attendees will not attend the Code Clinic portion of the
Seattle, WA Feb. 17–22 Feb. 23 seminar (usually the first two days).
New Orleans, LA Feb. 24–March 1 March 2
San Diego, CA Feb. 24–March 1 March 2
Atlanta, GA March 3–8 March 9
Certified Welding Sales Rep. (CWSR)
Prometric testing centers. More information at aws.org/
Salt Lake City, UT March 10–15 March 16
certification/detail/certified-welding-sales-representative.
Annapolis, MD March 10–15 March 16
Houston, TX March 10–15 March 16
Chicago, IL March 17–22 March 23 Certified Welding Supervisor (CWS)
Phoenix, AZ March 17–22 March 23 Prometric testing centers. More information at aws.org/
Boston, MA March 24–29 March 30 certification/detail/certified-welding-supervisor.
Portland, OR March 24–29 March 30
Miami, FL March 31–April 5 April 6 Certified Radiographic Interpreter (CRI)
Minneapolis, MN March 31–April 5 April 6 The CRI certification can be a stand-alone credential or can
Dallas, TX April 7–12 April 13 exempt you from your next 9-Year Recertification. More in-
Las Vegas, NV April 7–12 April 13 formation at aws.org/certification/detail/certified-radiographic-
Bakersfield, CA April 28–May 3 May 4 interpreter.
St. Louis, MO April 28–May 3 May 4
Baton Rouge, LA May 5–10 May 11 Location Seminar Dates Exam Date
Detroit, MI May 5–10 May 11 Cleveland, OH Jan. 28–Feb. 1 Feb. 2
Denver, CO May 19–24 May 25 Dallas, TX April 1–5 April 6
Nashville, TN May 19–24 May 25 Las Vegas, NV June 3–7 June 8
Birmingham, AL June 2–7 June 8 Pittsburgh, PA July 29–Aug. 2 Aug. 3
Kansas City, MO June 2–7 June 8 Houston, TX Sept. 30–Oct. 4 Oct. 5
Pittsburgh, PA June 9–14 June 15
Spokane, WA June 9–14 June 15 Certified Robotic Arc Welding (CRAW)
Beaumont, TX June 16–21 June 22 OTC Daihen Inc., Tipp City, OH; (937) 667-0800, ext. 218
Hartford, CT June 16–21 June 22 Lincoln Electric Co., Cleveland, OH; (216) 383-4723
Newark, NJ June 23–28 June 29 Wolf Robotics, Fort Collins, CO; (970) 225-7667
Omaha, NE June 23–28 June 29 Milwaukee Area Technical College, Milwaukee, WI;
Louisville, KY July 7–12 July 13 (414) 456-5454
Phoenix, AZ July 7–12 July 13 College of the Canyons, Santa Clarita, CA; (651) 259-7800
Norfolk, VA July 14–19 July 20 Ogden-Weber Applied Technology College, Ogden, UT;
Milwaukee, WI July 21–26 July 27 (800) 627-8448

IMPORTANT: This schedule is subject to change without notice. Please verify your event dates with the Certification Dept. to confirm your
course status before making travel plans. Applications are to be received at least six weeks prior to the seminar/exam or exam. Applications
received after that time will be assessed a $250 Fast Track fee. Please verify application deadline dates by visiting our website aws.org/
certification/ docs/schedules.html. For information on AWS seminars and certification programs, or to register online, visit aws.org/
certification or call (800/305) 443-9353, ext. 273, for Certification; or ext. 455 for Seminars.

26 Inspection Trends / November 2018


Print and Product
Showcase
— continued from page 11
quality with an ultra-wide, 12 × 24 in./
30 × 61 cm UV-A beam when mounted
39 in./1 m from the inspection sur-
face. he UV-A inspection area allows
inspectors to quickly examine parts
while minimizing part handling, espe-
cially with larger test parts, and the
high-intensity, UV illumination helps
indications stand out for faster detec-
tion. he custom UV-A ilters reduce
glare and increase luorescent contrast E3022 and Rolls-Royce RRES 90061
to make indications easier to see. he standards. he stationary loor UV
lamp also contains a maximum inspec- light is fully sealed to prevent dust or
tion area of 22 × 25 in./55 × 64 cm water damage.
with UV-A over 1000 μW/cm2. Addi-
tionally, providing 7000 μW/cm2 of Magnaflux
high-intensity, UV-A light at 15 in./ magnaflux.com
38 cm, the product makes luorescent
penetrant and magnetic particles
stand out bright and clear for high-
contrast visibility. he high-intensity
LEDs allow the inspection lamp to be
mounted up to 36 in./90 cm from the
inspection surface and still maintain
UV-A over 1000 μW/cm2. he stable
intensity of the LEDs meets the ASTM

Statement of Ownership, Management, and Circulation for U.S. Postal Service (Required by U.S.C. 3685)

1. TITLE OF PUBLICATION: Inspection Trends

2. PUBLICATION NO.: ISSN 1523-7168
3. DATE OF FILING: 9/28/18
4. FREQUENCY OF ISSUE: Quarterly
5. NO. OF ISSUES PUBLISHED ANNUALLY: 4
6. ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION: $30.00
7. MAILING ADDRESS OF KNOWN OFFICE OF PUBLICATION: 8669 NW 36 St., #130, Miami, Miami-Dade County, Florida 33166
8. MAILING ADDRESS OF THE HEADQUARTERS OR GENERAL BUSINESS OFFICES OF THE PUBLISHERS:
8669 NW 36 St., #130, Miami, FL 33166
9. NAMES AND COMPLETE ADDRESS OF PUBLISHER, EDITOR, AND MANAGING EDITOR:
PUBLISHER: Mary Ruth Johnsen, AWS, 8669 NW 36 St., #130, Miami, FL 33166
EDITOR: Carlos Guzman, AWS, 8669 NW 36 St., #130, Miami, FL 33166
10. OWNER: NAME: American Welding Society Inc. ADDRESS: 8669 NW 36 St., #130, Miami, FL 33166
11. KNOWN BONDHOLDERS, MORTGAGEES, AND OTHER SECURITY HOLDERS OWNING OR HOLDING 1 PERCENT OR MORE
OF TOTAL AMOUNT OF BONDS, MORTGAGES, OR OTHER SECURITIES: None
12. The purpose, function, and nonprofit status of this organization and the exempt status for Federal income tax purposes:
Has not changed during preceding 12 months
13. Publication Title: Inspection Trends
14. Issue Date for Circulation Data Below: November 2018
15. EXTENT AND NATURE OF CIRCULATION:
Average No. Copies Each Actual No. Copies of
Issue during Preceding Single Issue Published
12 Months Nearest to Filing Date

A. Total No. Copies Printed (Net Press Run) 29,376 30,685

B. Paid and/or Requested Circulation
1. Paid/Requested Outside-County Mail Subscriptions Stated on Form 3541 28,852 29,814
2. Paid In-County Subscriptions Stated on Form 3541 None None
3. Sales through Dealers and Carriers, None None
Street Vendors, Counter Sales, and Other Non-USPS Paid Distribution
4. Other Classes Mailed through the USPS None None
C. Total Paid/Requested Circulation 28,852 29,814
D. Free Distribution by Mail (Samples, Complimentary and Other Free)
1. Outside-County as Stated on Form 3541 82 82
2. In-County as Stated on Form 3541 None None
3. Other Classes Mailed through the USPS None None
4 Free Distribution Outside the Mail (Carriers or Other Means) None None
E. Total Free Distribution 82 82
F. Total Distribution 28,934 29,896
G. Copies Not Distributed 442 189
H. Total 29,376 30,085
I. Percent Paid and/ or Requested Circulation 99.7% 99.7%
16. Statement of Ownership will be printed in the November 2018 issue of this publication.
I certify that the statements made by above are correct and complete:
Mary Ruth Johnsen, Publisher

November 2018 / Inspection Trends 27

 Classified Ads

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

*)+('&+%$#"%$!+ ! ''&++
!+ ! '!(++ !+%$# +!' +$# +
'%#%!+'(+ !&++! !# #+++
'(+%!+(&++ '++ ++(' &+
!'&+$ '++!+' +%'(
( +
'!+!+ ! %!+#!+ +
+ The Atlas of Welding

#!+ '++%!+$#+!'+ Procedure Specifications
+ '#%+! #%'"+++ his three-day seminar/workshop on the subject of
%'+!+'$ '&+ +$+ developing welding procedure speciications,
procedure qualiication records, and welder
 #+#!+%!+$#+!' ++!+

qualiication records is being ofered once again.
! #%'+$#+ #(! $ '+& +!!( + he three-day workshop/seminar is scheduled for
+

#'+# !%#+%! March 25 through March 27, 2019 in Simsbury,

Connecticut. he seminar provides a rational basis
!!'+$++(+ !+
+' ++##++
for developing welding procedure speciications that
'(++'##++!$+%$ $# + meet AWS and ASME codes. In-class exercises cover
' +!# +++#+# ! !' #++
' the process of writing prequaliied WPSs and the
mechanics of qualifying WPSs by testing. he
$!(#+ %!(!+('!'+
welding documents developed are applicable to AWS
%$+%$#+)++%$#+!!$'+ and ASME as well as other standards that include
+ NAVSEA standards, other military standards, and
%'+++!'# +
commercial welding standards.
*   )
+ +
#!'!(
%'# '
% + Albert Moore is the point of contact and the instructor
for the workshop. Seating is limited, so register early.
he October ofering sold out very quickly. If you
missed the October seminar, this is your next
opportunity to attend. For more information contact
Albert Moore at amoore999@comcast.net

Advertiser Index
Atlas API Training, LLC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24 Hobart Institute of Welding Technology . . . . . . . . .9
atlasapitraining.com . . . . . . . . . . . . .(409) 527-2699 welding.org . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(937) 332-9500

Atlas Evaluation & Inspection Services (AEIS) .25 NDT Seal Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
iweldusa.com . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(732) 388-7711 ndtseals.com . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(800) 261-6261

AWS Education Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 Olympus Corp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .OBC

aws.org/education . . . . . .(800) 443-9353, ext. 455 olympus-ims.com/vanta . . . . . . . . .(281) 922-9300

AWS Foundation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 Sonaspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24

aws.org/foundation . . . . .(800) 443-9353, ext. 250 sonaspection.com . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(704) 262-3384

AWS Member Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .IFC & IBC Test Equipment Distributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
aws.org/membership . . .(800) 443-9353, ext. 480 tedndt.com . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(800) 962-1788

Fischer Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 Triangle Engineering Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9

fischer-technology.com . . . . . . . . . .(860) 683-0781 trieng.com . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(781) 878-1500

FlawTech Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
flawtech.com . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(704) 795-4401
IFC - Inside Front Cover
Gradient Lens Corp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 IBC - Inside Back Cover
gradientlens.com . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(800) 536-0790 OBC - Outside Back Cover

28 Inspection Trends / November 2018

 AWS MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION
Join or Renew: Mail: Form with your payment, to AWS Call: Membership Department at (800) 443-9353, ext. 480
Fax: Completed form to (305) 443-5647 Online: www.aws.org/membership 8669 NW 36 St, # 130
Miami, FL 33166-6672
CONTACT INFORMATION Telephone (800) 443-9353

q New Member q Renewal

FAX (305) 443-5647
Visit our website: www.aws.org

q Mr. q Ms. q Mrs. q Dr. Please print • Duplicate this page as needed Type of Business (Check ONE only)
A q Contract construction
q Chemicals & allied products
Last Name:_______________________________________________________________________________
B
C q Petroleum & coal industries
q Primary metal industries
First Name:___________________________________________________________________ M.I:_______
D
E q Fabricated metal products
q Machinery except elect. (incl. gas welding)
Birthdate: _____________________________ E-Mail:____________________________________________
F
G q Electrical equip., supplies, electrodes
q Transportation equip. — air, aerospace
Cell Phone ( )__________________________ Secondary Phone ( )______________________
Were you ever an AWS Member? q YES q NO If “YES,” give year________ and Member #:____________________
H
I q Transportation equip. — automotive
J q Transportation equip. — boats, ships
Company (if applicable):___________________________________________________________________ K q Transportation equip. — railroad
L q Utilities
Address:________________________________________________________________________________ M q Welding distributors & retail trade
N q Misc. repair services (incl. welding shops)
_______________________________________________________________________________________ O q Educational Services (univ., libraries, schools)
P q Engineering & architectural services (incl. assns.)
City:_____________________________________State/Province:__________________________________ Q q Misc. business services (incl. commercial labs)
R q Government (federal, state, local)
Zip/PostalCode:_____________________Country:______________________________________________ S q Other

Œ Who pays your dues?: q Company q Self-paid  Sex: q Male q Female Job Classiication (Check ONE only)
q President, owner, partner, oicer
Ž Education level: q High school diploma q Associate’s q Bachelor’s q Master’s q Doctoral 01
02 q Manager, director, superintendent (or assistant)
q Check here if you learned of the Society through an AWS Member? Member’s name:_______________________Member’s # (if known):________ 03 q Sales
q Purchasing
q Check here if you would prefer not to receive email updates on AWS programs, new Member beneits, savings opportunities and events.
04
05 q Engineer — welding
20 q Engineer — design
INDIVIDUAL MEMBERSHIP 21 q Engineer — manufacturing
q Engineer — other
è Please check each box that applies to the Membership or service you’d like, and then add the cost together to get your Total Payment.
06
10 q Architect designer
q AWS INDIVIDUAL MEMBERSHIP (One Year)......................................................................................................$87 12 q Metallurgist
13 q Research & development
AWS INDIVIDUAL MEMBERSHIP (Two Years) SAVE $25 New Members Only....................................$149 22 q Quality control
q Inspector, tester
q New Member Initiation Fee ...........................................................................................................................................$12
07
08 q Supervisor, foreman
OPTIONS AVAILABLE TO AWS INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS ONLY: 14 q Technician
09 q Welder, welding or cutting operator
A.) OPTIONAL Book Selection (Choose from 25 titles; up to a $192 value; includes shipping & handling) q Consultant
q Individual Members in the U.S..................................................................................................................................$35
11
15 q Educator
q Librarian
q Individual Members outside the U.S (includes International shipping)...........................................................................$85
17
16 q Student
ONLY ONE SELECTION PLEASE. For more book choices visit https://app.aws.org/membership/books 18 q Customer Service
q Jeferson’s Welding Encyc.(CD-ROM only) q Design & Planning Manual for Cost-Efective Welding q Welding Metallurgy q Welding Inspection Handbook 19 q Other

Welding Handbook Selections: q WHB (9th Ed., Vol. 5) q WHB (9th Ed., Vol. 4) q WHB (9th Ed., Vol. 3) q WHB (9th Ed., Vol. 2) q WH (9th Ed., Vol. 1) Technical Interests (Check all that apply)
Pocket Handbook Selections: q PHB-1 (Arc Welding Steel) q PHB-2 (Visual Inspection) q PHB-4 (GMAW / FCAW) A q Ferrous metals
B q Aluminum
B.) OPTIONAL Welding Journal Hard Copy (for Members outside North America) C q Nonferrous metals except aluminum
q Individual Members outside North America (note: digital delivery of WJ is standard)..............................................$50 D q Advanced materials/Intermetallics
E q Ceramics
F q High energy beam processes
q Arc welding
INDIVIDUAL MEMBERSHIP TOTAL PAYMENT..................................................................................$_____________
G
q Brazing and soldering
NOTE: Dues include $17.30 for Welding Journal subscription and $4.00 for the AWS Foundation.
H
I q Resistance welding
q Thermal spray
STUDENT MEMBERSHIP J
q Cutting
q AWS STUDENT MEMBERSHIP (with digital Welding Journal magazine)................................................$15
K
L q NDT
q Safety and health
q AWS STUDENT MEMBERSHIP (with hard copy Welding Journal magazine)..............................................$35
M
N q Bending and shearing
q Roll forming
Option available only to students in U.S., Canada & Mexico.
O
P q Stamping and punching
PAYMENT INFORMATION Q q Aerospace
R q Automotive
Payment can be made (in U.S. dollars) by check or money order (international or foreign), payable to the American Welding Society, or by charge card. S q Machinery
q Check q Money Order q AMEX q Diners Club q MasterCard q Visa q Discover q Other T q Marine
U q Piping and tubing
V q Pressure vessels and tanks
q Sheet metal
CC#:____________ / ____________ / ____________ / ____________ Expiration Date (mm/yy) ________ / ________
W
X q Structures
q Other
Signature of Applicant:_________________________________________ Application Date:_______________________
Y
Z q Automation
OFFICE USE ONLY Check #:_______________________________ Account #____________________________________ 1 q Robotics
Source Code: IT Date:_________________________________ Amount:_____________________________________ 2 q Computerization of Welding
REV. 11/15
American Welding Society®
MEMBERSHIP
aws.org

3 WAYS TO MAXIMIZE YOUR MEMBERRSHIP

1 CONNECT WITTH OTHERS
• MemberNetwork o AW WS.org – Access ourr exclusive, members-only online network
and enter an active online community off AWS
W members who sharee ideas, discuss
technical concerns
erns, and get input and suupport on welding-related
welding related issues
issue
• Become activeely involved in your local AW
WS Section activities
• Attend AW
WS-Spponsored events such as FA
FABTECH USA, Mexico or C
Canadda;
Welding Summ
mit, and others

2 ENJOY NUMEROUS DISCOUNTS

• Receive discouunts on technical standards, publications, certificatioons, educa
e tion
offerings and subscriptions
s
• Enjoy reduced admission to AW
WS-sponsoored events and conferencces
(FAABTECH, etc..)
• Get discountedd rates on insurance, traveel, shipping, AW
WS logo merrchanndise
and more

3 ENHANCE YOU
UR CAREER
• Increase your welding knowledge throuugh AW
WS online seminarss, including
code clinics, deestructive and non-destrucctive testing, metallurgy, econo
e omics,
fabrication matht and more.
• Get certified by the organization that seets the standards includinng Ceertified
Welder, Welding Inspector, Welding Educator, Engineer, Sales Repreesenttative
and more.
• Stay informed with complimentary subsccriptions to Weelding Journnal (mmonthly),
American Weeldder (quarterly) and Weeldingg Marketplace (twice annuually)

There’s no tiime like the present to start taking full addvantage of your meembeership!
Spread the new
ws and invite oothers to join!
aws.org/membership