G3 Research Paper Final

ASSESSMENT OF THE BUD AND THE GROWTH RATE OF BALOBO
(Diplodiscus Paniculatus Turcz.) IN SWIETENIA MAHAGONI ROOTSTOCK

THROUGH CLEFT GRAFTING: A NOVEL TECHNIQUE IN BALOBO
TREE PROPAGATION
A SCIENCE INVESTIGATORY TEST

GROUP 3
OF
BAROBO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
BAROBO SURIGAO DEL SUR
CRISTAL ALAIZA FLOR G. PESADO

ADVISER
ADRIAN C. VITANZOS
ALLEAH MAE DIANNE D. AMPORINGUES
ARCEL KEN C. COLANGO
BM M. CEJAS
DORIS MAE E. VERANO
HARVEY KENT G. PONGOS
JESSICA M. ESCODO
JOHN VINCENT C. ABELLA
KYER C. GOLES
MARJORIE E. GUSTON
MER INEZA A. CONDOLON
PHILIP LOUISE L. URBIZTONDO
Researchers
School Year 2021 – 2022

Assessment of the bud and the growth rate of Balobo (Diplodiscus Paniulatus Turxz.)
in Swietenia mahagoni rootstock through cleft grafting
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CONTENTS
Title Page . . . . I
Table of Contents . . . . II
List of Tables . . . . III
List of Figures . . . . V
List of Appendices . . . . VI
Abstract . . . . VII
Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Rationale . . . .
1
1.2. Research Hypothesis . . . . 2
1.3. Research Objectives . . . . 3
1.4. Conceptional Framework . . . .
4
1.5. Scope and limitation . . . . 5
1.6. Review of Related Literature . . . . 6-11
1.7. Definition of Terms . . . . 12-14
Chapter 2. METHODOLOGY
2.1. Research Design . . . . 15-16
2.2. List of Materials . . . . 15
2.3. Methods and Procedures . . . . 17-20
Chapter 3. RESULTS
3.1. Results and Discussion . . . . 21
Chapter 4. DISCUSSIONS
4.1. Conclusion . . . . 22
4.2. Recommendations . . . . 23
4.3. Bibliography . . . . 27
4.4. Appendices . . . . 28-35
LIST OF TABLES
TABLES TITLE PAGE
2.3.1. Measurements of Balobo Branches scion 16
(Diplodiscus panicultus) and Swietenia mahagoni
rootstock sizes ( Length and Width)
2.3.2. Materials/Equipment and its Function 16
2.3.3. Soil Measurements in POT A, POT B, and POT C 29
2.4.1 Legend for Water Session 29
2.4.2. Sample A Water Session (1.5L) 30
2.4.3. Sample B Water Session (1.5L) 30
2.4.4. Sample C Water Session (1.5L) 30

LIST OF FIGURES
TABLES TITLE PAGE
1 Schematic Diagram of cleft grafting planting technique 4

used to propagate the Balobo tree (Diplodiscus paniculatus)
branches on Mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni) rootstock.
2 Grafted Balobo (Diplodiscus paniculatus Turcz) branches 20

onto Mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni) rootstock
after a month
LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX TITLE PAGE
Appendix A List of Tables 28-30
Appendix B Greenhouse Design 31
Appendix C Expenses 32
Appendix D Research Profile 33-35

ABSTRACT
Balobo tree was the landmark tree of Surigao Del Sur and was known for
its beneficial properties that come from the family of Malvaceae-Tiliaceae. However,
due to the negative actions of humans, natural disasters, and educational deficit prior
to this specie, the Balobo tree lost its habitat and decreases the specie’s population
(IUCN Red List), and lower the probability of being discovered and known for its
potential. Thus, this study promotes the Balobo tree. This study aims to propagate the
Balobo tree through the cleft grafting planting method. Specifically, this aims to know
if Balobo’s branches can be used to propagate Balobo seedlings and to determine if
Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq rootstock is compatible to graft with Balobo’s
branches. Researchers used experimental data for the research design and a student’s
t-test for the statistical analysis to compare the growth of the samplings. 6 - 7 pencil
size Balobo branches, 3 Swietenia mahagoni rootstock, pruning shear, utility
deboning knife, 3 plastic pots, cellophane (2 x 8), measuring tape, weighing scale,
scissors, a sack of black soil, 1.5L bottle, and wooden greenhouse were used in this
study. As a result, researchers conclude that cleft grafting Balobo (Diplodiscus
paniculatus Turcz) braches to Mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni) rootstock with the
same scion and rootstock measurements allows for faster propagation of Balobo trees.
Keywords: Balobo tree, Swietenia Mahagoni, Cleft grafting, Propagate,
Malvaceae, Tilaceae, Meliaceae.

INTRODUCTION
1.1. Rationale
According to legend, the Manobo tribesmen were the first to inhabit the region
in the center section of Surigao del Sur. The landmark was an indigenous kind of tree
known as "Barobo," which was abundant in the settlement's location. As a result, the
area became generally known as Barobo [1]. Balobo was named the ‘Philippine
almond’ and it bears nuts that are edible and can also be ingredients for higher-value
products like chocolate bars (Jaime Laya). DOST SciNet - Phil, promotes that Balobo
fruits could be processed in various ways and found out that Balobo fruits are more
nutritious, for it’s rich in carbohydrates, and they give heat and energy to the body. Its
bark can be used to make ropes and paper, and its wood is used for general
construction, furniture, and more. However, due to illegal logging, deforestation,
shifting cultivation, natural disasters, and negative human actions, the Balobo tree lost
its habitat, decreasing the species' population. The Balobo tree is destroyed faster than
it is being produced, putting the species at risk of extinction [ IUCN and DAO 2007-
1]. Balobo tree belonged to the family of Malvaceae [2]. While, based on Ecosystems
Research and Development Bureau, the Balobo tree belonged to the family of
Tiliaceae [3]. However, Malvaceae is similar to Tiliaceae or they have mucilaginous
sap, and stipulate leaves [4]. This study is promoting the Balobo tree, its properties,
relevance, and advantages to the natural diversity, people, as well as the contributions
it gives to people's health. This will alleviate the Balobo tree from the list of
vulnerability. Also, this will raise as an awareness on conserving native trees and this
would be useful to future researchers to conduct a further study particularly on its
potentials. Outcomes of this study certainly assist the population of Balobo tree
(Diplodiscus paniculatus Turcz.).

1.2. Hypothesis
H1: Balobo (Diplodiscus paniculatus) branches grafted in Swietenia mahogani (L.)
Jacq., rootstock can propagate Balobo seedlings.
H2: Balobo (Diplodiscus paniculatus) branches grafted in Swietenia mahagoni (L.)
Jacq., rootstock can’t propagate Balobo seedlings.
H3: Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq., rootstock is compatible to graft with Balobo’s
(Diplodiscus paniculatus) branches.
H4: Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq., rootstock is not compatible to graft with Balobo’s
(Diplodiscus paniculatus) branches.

1.3. Objectives
The main objective of this study is to ascertain if Balobo’s (Diplodiscus
paniculatus Turcz.) branches asexually grafted in Mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni)
rootstock can propagate Balobo seedlings.
Specifically, it aims to:
 To determine if Balobo (Diplodiscus Paniculatus Turcz.) branches can be use to
proliferate Balobo seedlings.
 To asses the compatibility of Balobo (Diplodiscus Paniculatus Turcz.) branches
grafted in Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq., rootstock.
 To determine the capability of Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq., to sustain the
grafted Balobo branches.
 To determine the effectiveness of the Cleft grafting planting method on
propagating Balobo seedlings.
 To determine what are the impacts of this study to nature

1.4. Conceptional Framework
Propagation of Balobo (Diplodiscus Paniculatus Turcz.) Grafted in Swietenia

Mahagoni (L.) Jacq. Rootstock through Cleft Grafting Planting Method./
A. Experimental Research Design
B. Cleft Grafting
C. Students t – test
Compatibility of Balobo’s Effectiveness of Cleft Grafting

(Diplodiscus Paniculatus Turcz.) on propagating Balobo tree
Branches grafted in Swietenia (Diplodiscus Paniculatus Turcz.)
Mahagoni Rootstock. Seedlings.
Figure 1. Schematic Diagram of cleft grafting planting technique used to
propagate balobo tree (diplodiscus paniculatus) branches on mahogany (swietenia
mahagoni) rootstock.
The researchers used schematic diagram that shows the process to examine the
asexual propagation of Balobo tree (Diplodiscus Paniculatus Turcz.) branches in
Swietenia mahagoni rootstock. In this study, experimental data was used for the
research design and a student’s t - test for the statistical analysis to monitored the
growth of the samplings that undergone cleft grafting planting method. By this
processes, researchers will know if Balobo’s branches was compatible to graft in
Swietenia mahagoni rootstock and monitored how effective does Cleft grafting
planting method on propagating seedlings.

1.5. Scope and Limitation
This section discusses the techniques, design and layout, research variables,
subjects, sampling processes, materials, research instruments, and procedures used
for data processing and interpretation. Researchers collected 6-7 branches of Balobo
tree (Diplodiscus paniculatus Turcz.) at P 1 - A Townsite Barobo Surigao Del Sur.
This study was conducted at the school; Barobo National High School (BNHS)
provided nurseries.
1.6. Review of Related Literature
According to legend, the Manobo tribesmen were the first to inhabit the region
in the center section of Surigao del Sur. It was probably in the 1930s that five fishing
families arrived at the upper end of the river and settled for convenient access to the
fishing grounds. Because of the area's abundant fish harvest, more people from
adjacent areas arrived and settled. The landmark was an indigenous kind of tree
known as "Barobo," which was abundant in the settlement's location. As a result, the
area became generally known as Barobo [1].
Balobo tree scientifically known as Diplodiscus paniculatus Turcz is a
monotypic and an endemic genus tree in the Philippines that came from the family of
Malvaceae - Tiliaceae; Kingdom: Plantae; Phylum: Tracheophyta; Class:
Magniolipsida; Order: Malvalves [5]. Balobo tree (Diplodiscus paniculatus Turcz) is
one of the lesser-used timber and one of the under-exploited native fruit trees in the
Philippines and a promising orchard specimen (UP Diliman). Reaching a height of
about 20 meters and a diameter of 80 centimeters with an irregular trunk and
buttressed base. Its bark is brown, fibrous and flaky. The leaves are alternate, smooth,
and pointed at both ends that measure about 15 to 25 centimeters long. Its flowers are
yellowish-white, short pedicel, each having five calyx segments and five petals with
fragrance. The stamens are interlaced. Its ovary is scale-covered and plain towards the
top. The fruit is edible.

According to the Herbarium Records, Balobo tree (Diplodiscus paniculatus
Turcz.) flowers bloom from January to July and September, with fruit appearing from
May to July (GBIF 2019). It is found that it flourishes at low elevations up to 600
meters (Fernando et al. 2004). It has a 599,316 km2 Extent of Occurrence (EOO) and
a 176 km2 Area of Occupancy (AOO), at low and medium altitude, often on flat lands,
seldom on sloping area (Ramon Aboitiz Foundation Inc.).
Balobo (Diplodiscus paniculatus Turcz.) has common names of: Balabu,
Banago, Kamiling, Malubo, Puyus, Balabo, Banago, puyus , Barobo, Bulolo, barobo
Maobo Balugo, Kideng, Maramani, Balugo, Bulugug, Badabo, Balubu, Barubo,
Barubu, Bukad, Bulubu, Bulugai, Bulugug, Buru, Dupdupan, Manaring, Mangabu,
Marobo, Marubo, Mayobo, Tagpam, Talu-talu, and Manaring (IUCN Red List ).
Balobo tree (Diplodiscus paniculatus Turcz.) is prevalent and widespread from
northern Luzon to southern Mindanao’s forests. It can be found in Cagayan, Isabela,
Aurora, Palawan, Catanduanes, and other places. Mindoro, Masbate, Samar, Leyte,
and Panay, as well as Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, Agusan del Norte,
Agusan del Sur, Surigao del Norte, Davao del Norte, Davao Oriental, and Lanao del
Sur. It is occasionally the most numerous understory tree (ERDB;Vol. 30 No.1). Pro-
Seeds Development Association, Inc. detected 512 individuals of Diplodiscus
paniculatus at Mount Makiling Forest Reserve in 2019, and it has previously been
classified as a dominant species in the vicinity (Buot and Osumi 2011). Furthermore,
Pro-seeds has identified 82 people in South Cotabato, six people in Quezon, and four
people in Nueva Vizcaya. A total of 11 individuals were documented on a small piece
of land in Mt. Maculot, Batangas (Umali et al. 2018) and an additional nine
individuals in Mt. Maculot, Batangas (Arsenio et al. 2011). It's a notable species in
Naujan Lake National Park, with a few sightings in Oriental Mindoro (Gruezo 2010).
However, the entire population size is unknown, and more research is required.
Furthermore, a continued population decline is suspected due to ongoing forest losses
in the provinces and localities where the species occurs. Deforestation driven by
commodities, shifting agriculture, urbanization, and losses from forest plantations and
natural forest harvests are all contributing factors. The 2020 Global Forest Watch
Analysis indicated that between 2001 and P2018, 744,260 hectares of tree cover were
lost in the places where the species was gathered. These losses also equal 284.29
megatons of CO2 emissions over the last 18 years.
The natural occurrence of species in some protected areas (PAs) across the
country aids in the conservation of specific sub - populations and species, as these
areas are protected by their respective implementing legislation under the National
Integrated Protected Areas System Act of 1992 from excessive and unauthorized
degradation and utilization. Though no implementing legislation protects this place, it
is deemed a top priority conservation area in the country where site-scale conservation
initiatives would be the most effective means of protecting species and habitat (FPE
2020). It is also known as ex situ collection in at least two botanic gardens around the
world (BGCI 2019). To account for the entire population size and inform
conservation plans for the species, more inventory and study is required. As the
DENR’s research arm, the ERDB should support the department’s efforts to shift
away from exotic species and toward endemic or native species in our government’s
rehabilitation, protection, and forestation projects. It is critical to promote the usage of
lesser - used species (LUS) as a means of increasing the forest’s value. Instead of
continuing to use alien species, we must acknowledge the value of our native species
and conserve the Philippine ecosystem, particularly against exotic invading species
that endanger our native specie’s survival in their natural habitat.
Historically, the Balobo tree (Diplodiscus paniculatus Turcz.) was particularly
useful to the early inhabitants since its fruit is edible when cooked. Aside from using
timber to build dwellings, they also utilized wood to make "baroto," or canoes for
fishing. This species is beneficial for humans, animals, and natural diversity. Study
shows that Balobo seeds are rich in starch, which is humans' primary energy source.
Balobo was named the ‘Philippine almond’ because it bears nuts that are edible and
can also be ingredients for higher-value products like chocolate bars (Jaime Laya). Its
bark can be used to make ropes and paper, and its wood is used for general
construction, furniture, and more.
Balobo (Diplodiscus paniculatus Turcz.) belonged to the family of Malvaceae
- Tiliaceae, both of which known for it’s anti - microbial, anti - cancer and anti -
tumor effects properties. Malvaceae is a malvales family of plants, shrubs, and trees
distinguished by Monadelphous stamens and one-celled anthers (Meriam - Webster
Dictionary). It's also known as the cotton family or the mallow family. The family has
around 85 genera and 1500 species, 111 of which are found in India. The plants are
virtually worldwide in range, but many are restricted to the tropics and subtropics.
Malvaceae shares mucilaginous sap, simple alternating leaves, and stipulate leaves
with Tiliaceae [6]. It varies from others in that it has Monothecous anthers, a
monadelphous state, and the existence of involucre or epicalyx, according to Bentham
and Hooker. Malvales was assigned to the single family by Hutchinson. This family
was included in the order Malvales by Engler and Prandtl, together with Tiliaceae
(EFLORAPARNER).
Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq. that came from the family of: Meliaceae ;
Kingdom: Plantae; Phylum: Tracheophyta ;Class: Magnoliopsida ; Order:
Sapindales; is a 30 meters tall evergreen or semi-evergreen tree with a ramified trunk
that can reach a meter in diameter and fissured reddish-brown bark in ancient
specimens. The leaves are alternating, paripinnate, 10-18 cm long, with 2-4 pairs of
ovate lanceolate or ovate elliptic leaflets, 2-8 cm long and 2-3 cm wide, with whole
margin, and 10-18 cm long. The inflorescence are axillary panicles, 5-16 cm long,
with uni - sexual blooms of both sexes that are oval, about 3 mm long, and greenish
yellow in color. The fruit is an upright woody capsule, ovoid, 5-12 cm long, dark
brown in color, with five valves at the base, holding hundreds of flat, winged, 4-5 cm
long, dark brown seeds on a long and strong peduncle.
According to the article published by Daniel Drumpeh et.al from Kwame
Nkrumah University Of Science and Technology and University of Energy and

Natural Resources stated that the top-cleft grafting technique is most successful for
sustained production of superior cultivars for restoration and conservation.
Based on the article published by Ecosystems Research and Development
Bureau Volume 30 No. 1, Balobo tree (Diplodiscus paniculatus Turcz) can be
propagated on an asexual propagation through cleft grafting planting method.
According to the site of UGAOO, Grafting is the most efficient approach to develop
popular, desirable fruiting tree and flowering shrub species on a big scale. Cleft
grafting is a technique of propagating new limbs on plants such as fruit trees or
bushes, by removing a healthy branch known as a scion and physically connecting it
to the stock of another tree at the desired location. There are numerous grafting
techniques, but the Cleft graft is one of the simpler ones. It is a higher success rate
and requires no specialized equipment based on ABC - Gardening Australia.

1.7. Definition of Terms
Altitude - the elevation of an object or point in relation to sea or ground level.
Asexual - not involving the fusion of gametes.
Axil - the angle between a branch or leaf and the axis from which is arises.
Axillary - in or growing from an axil.
Bark - the protective outer covering of the trunk, branches and roots of trees.
Balobo tree - scientifically known as diplodiscus paniculatus. A monotypic and an
endemic genus tree in the Philippines that came from the family of Tiliaceae.
Buttressed - a projecting support.
Calyx - a flower’s green outer whorl is made up of separate or fused sepals.
Deforestation - the deliberate clearance of forested area.
Elliptic - relating to or having the form of an ellipse.
Ellipse - a regular oval shape.

Ex situ - is a technique of conversation of all levels of biological diversity outside
their natural habitat through different techniques like zoo, captive breading,
aquarium, botanical garden and gene bank.
Grafting - is a asexual plant propagation procedure that involves grafting plant
portions from multiple plants together so that they can mend and develop as one.
Hypothesis - an assumption or concession taken as the ground for action.
Inflorescence - the complete flower head of a plant.
Lanceolate - shape like the head of a lance; of a narrow oval shape tapering to a point
at each end.
Monotypic - compromising only one type of representative, particularly (of genus)
containing only one species.
Objectives - limited to choices of fixed alternatives and reducing subjective factors to
a minimum.
Ovate - having an oval outline or ovoid shape.
Panicle - a loose branching cluster of flowers.
Paripinnate - having an even number of leaflets and no terminal leaflets.

Pedicel - a small stalk bearing an individual flower in an inflorescence.
Piduncle - the stalk bearing a flower or fruit, or the main stalk of an inflorescence.
Produce - to bear, make or yield something.
Propagate - to multiply sexually or asexually.
Rhizomatous - a plant that grows underground and has shoots and roots growing
from it.
Rootstock - a rhizomatous underground part of a plant.
Scion - plant that is attach to part of another plant.
Shifting Cultivation - a type of farming in which a plot of land is cleared and
cultivated for a brief time, then abandoned and allowed to return to its natural state
while the farmer moves on another plot.
Tiliaceae - is a family of flowering plants.
Urbanization - a rise in the proportion of people who live in towns and cities.
METHODOLOGY
2.2. Research Design
The Study used an experimental research methodology. Branch samples from
the Balobo tree and Mahogany saplings were randomly chosen from the sample
locations. Three Balobo tree branches as scion are being grafted together with three
mahogany saplings acting as the rootstock. The three grafted individuals had different
lengths and width, and they are being labelled as Sample 1, Sample 2, Sample 3. The
initial length of the scion and rootstock, the rate development of buds and the number
of buds are displayed in the following tables for Sample 1, 2, and 3.

Table 2.2.1.
Measurements of Balobo Branches scion (Diplodiscus panicultus) and

Swietenia mahagoni rootstock sizes ( Length and Width)
Measurements of Scion and Rootstock
Sample
Scion Rootstock Width Grafted Union Initial Length
(inch) (inch) (inch) (inch) (inch)
1 8inches 6inches 1inches 1.2inches 12.8inches
2.3. List of Materials
Researchers used in the experimentation: 6 - 7 pencil size Balobo branches, 3
Swietenia Mahagoni rootstock, 1 pruning shear, 1 utility deboning knife, 3 plastic
pots, 1 bag of cellophane (2 x 8), 1 measuring tape, 1 weighing scale, a pair of
scissors, a sack of black soil, 1.5L bottle and a handmade wooden greenhouse.
2.4. Methods and Procedures
Researchers collected three (3) semi - young fresh branches of Balobo tree at P - 1
A Townsite Barobo Surigao Del Sur. And, collected three (3) rootstock with the
same soil (black soil) and same ages at P - 1B Poblacion Barobo Surigao Del Sur.
Using measuring tape and pruning shears, researchers measured and cut the width
and the length of Balobo trees (Diplodiscus paniculatus) with a measurement of 1
inch (width) and 8 inches (length).
The three Swietenia Mahagoni rootstock were individually sequenced named

Sample 1, 2 & 3
Researchers controlled the heights of the rootstock with measuring tape and were
cut with a pruning shears; for Sample 1, the Mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni)
rootstock length was measured 6 inches.
For Sample 2, the Swietenia mahagoni rootstock length was measured 8 inches.
For Sample 3, the Swietenia mahagoni rootstock length measured 10 inches.
Researchers wrapped the upper part of the Balobo’s (Diplodiscus paniculatus)

branches with a (2 x 8) cellophane.
Then, cut the edges of Balobo’s (Diplodiscus paniculatus) branches into a V - cut.
Afterwards, researchers made an incision in of the Swietenia mahagoni rootstock

and inserted the scion.
Researchers wrapped the grafted samplings with (2 x 8) cellophane to support its

consistency.
Then, researchers put the grafted samplings inside the handmade greenhouse
directly expose to sunlight and kept the samplings monitored and controlled.
Lastly, researchers watered the samplings everyday early in the morning (5:00
A.M. – 6:00 A.M.) and late afternoon (5:00 P.M. – 6:00 P.M.). [Appendix A]
Researchers checked the samplings every day for observation and kept them
moistened.
RESULTS
Figure 2. Photograph of grafted Balobo (Diplodiscus paniculatus Turcz) branches

onto Mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni) rootstock after a month
This photograph shows a grafted balobo (Diplodiscus paniculatus tucz) scion
on a mahogany (Swietinia mahagoni) rootstock. On the 17th day of the
experimentation process, the grafted balobo (Diplodiscus paniculatus tucz) scion with
a length of 8 inches and mahogany (Switeniea mahagoni) rootstock with a length of 6
inches showed signs of buds growing on the mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni)
rootstock, and the scion's length increased to 8.2 inches. Set-up B is the positive
control. It has the fastest growing buds of all of the grafted balobo (Diplodiscus
paniculatus tucz) scions on the mahogany (Switeniea mahagoni). It showed signs of
buds growing on the mahogany (switeniea mahagoni) rootstock on the 10th day of the
experimentation process. Buds were growing on the balobo (Diplodiscus paniculatus
tucz) scion's length increased to 8.5 inches on the 18th day of the experimentation
process. Set-up C was the least effective pot because it grew the slowest on the two
grafted balobo (diplodiscus paniculatus turcz) scions on the mahogany (switeniea
mahagoni) rootstock; on the 23rd day of the experimentation process, it showed signs
of buds growing on the rootstock, but the scion's length did not change.
DISCUSSION
4.1. Conclusion
This study is designed to propagate the Balobo (Diplodiscus paniculatus
Turcz) branch when grafted to a Mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni) rootstock through
the cleft grafting method asexually. The asexual reproduction of Balobo (Diplodiscus
paniculatus Turcz) branches on mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni) rootstock through
the cleft grafting method is successful due to the fact that all the samples 1, 2, and 3
developed their growth rate, leaf and bud count, and stronger fused graft union. Thus,
researchers' hypotheses are successful. They subsequently found that sample 2, with
the same measurement of scion and rootstock’s width and length, is developing faster
compared to the other two samples with dissimilar measurements. As a result,
researchers conclude that cleft grafting Balobo (Diplodiscus paniculatus Turcz)
braches to Mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni) rootstock with the same scion and
rootstock measurements allows for faster propagation of Balobo trees.

4.2. Recommendations
The advice for the future usage of this project for new innovations is offered below,
based on the results and conclusions reached. This project recommends:
 To decontaminate the soil before use.

4.3. Bibliography
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APPENDICES
Appendix A List of Tables
Materials / Functions
Equipment
Pruning Shears Used to cut the Balobo’s branches and Mahogani’s rootstock.
Knife It is used to trim the scion and to form a v cut, it is also used to
slice the mahogany rootstock in order to the balobo scion to be
inserted.
Plastic Pots It is used to contain the Black soil and the planted saplings.
Cellophane it provide security to the branches, as the material that provides
consistency to the inserted scion to the rootstock.
Tape Measure Used to measure the length and width of the Branches.
Weighing Scale It is materials that are used to measure the weight of a certain
object.
Scissors It is a material that is used to cut a certain object.
Black Soil It serves as one of the important materials to store and supply
nutrient to the sampling.

1.5 Liter Bottle It is a container that filled a exact amount of water and that is used
to pour water to the sampling.
Wooden Green This structure is being built to control the variables.
House
Table 1. Materials / Equipment and its function.
Measurements
Sample Rootstoc Scion Cleft Branch Total Height
k size size size Diamete (Inches)
Length Length Length r Width
(Inches) (Inches) (Inches) (Inches)
1 6 8 1.2 1 12.8 inches
inches inche inch inches
s
2 8 8 1.5 1 14.5 inches
s
3 10 8 1.6 1 16.4 inches
s
Table 2.
Measurements of Balobo (Diplodiscus Paniculatus Turcz.) branches and Swietenia
Mahagoni (L.) Jacq., rootstocks sizes (Length & Width).
Measurements
Sample Soil per pot Weight (kg)
1 4 kilograms
2 4 kilograms
3 4 kilograms
Table 3. Soil Kilograms in Pot A, Pot B, & Pot C.

Legend
morning afternoon wet dry Amount of water Note :
5:00 – 6:00 4:30 – 5:30 1.5L per pot
AM PM
Table 4. Guide Schedule for Water Sessions

Sample 1 Water Session (1.5L)

Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
A P A P A P A P A P A P A P
M M M M M M M M M M M M M M
Table 5. Unit A Water Session (1.5L)

A PM AM PM AM PM AM PM AM PM A PM AM P
M M M
Table 6. Unit B Water Session (1.5L)

AM PM A PM AM PM AM PM AM PM AM PM A PM
M M
Table 7. Unit C Water Session (1.5L)
Appendix B Greenhouse Design

Appendix C Expenses
Experimentation Expenses
ITEM PRICE/AMOUNT
Fare Php. 400.00
Gardening Knife Php. 120.00
2x8 plastic cellophane Php. 20.00
Pruning shears Php. 280.00
3pcs Plastic pot Php. 120.00
1 sack Soil Php. 100.00
TOTAL Php. 1,040.00
Green house Expenses

ITEM PRICE/AMOUNT
Thumb tacks Php. 30.00
Wood 1x2 Php. 240.00
Nail no. 1.5 Php. 20.00
Nail no. 2 Php. 20.00
Transparent Cellophane 1x7-meters Php. 100.00
TOTAL Php. 410.00
Appendix D Research Profile
Name: Adrian C. Vitanzos
Address: P – 4, Poblacion, Barobo, Surigao Del

Sur
Birthdate: May 25, 2006
Name: Alleah Mae Dianne P. Amporingues
Address: P – 4, Liatimco, Lianga, Surigao Del Sur
Birthdate: January 16, 2006
Name: Arcel Ken Colango
Address: P – 1B, Poblacion, Barobo, Surigao Del

Sur
Birthdate: March 08, 2005
Name: Bm M. Cejas
Address: P – 6 Poblacion, Barobo, Surigao Del

Sur
Birthdate: July 06, 2006

Name: Doris Mae E. Verano
Address: P – 1A, Poblacion, Barobo, Surigao Del

Sur
Birthdate: January 11, 2006
Name: Harvey Kent G. Pongos

Sur
Birthdate: June 11, 2005
Name: Jessica E. Escodo

Sur
Birthdate: October 30, 2006
Name: John Vincent C. Abella

Sur
Birthdate: July 03, 2006

Name: Kyer C. Goles
Address: P – 1B, Poblacion, Barobo, Surigao Del

Sur
Birthdate: October 15, 2006
Name: Marjorie E. Guston
Address: P – 1C, Poblacion, Barobo, Surigao Del

Sur
Birthdate: February 16, 2006
Name: Mer Ineza A. Condolon
Address: P – 4, Anibongan, Lianga Surigao Del

Sur
Birthdate: August 27, 2006
Name: Philip Louise L. Urbiztondo

Sur
Birthdate: April 11, 2005

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ASSESSMENT OF THE BUD AND THE GROWTH RATE OF BALOBO

(Diplodiscus Paniculatus Turcz.) IN SWIETENIA MAHAGONI ROOTSTOCK

A SCIENCE INVESTIGATORY TEST

CRISTAL ALAIZA FLOR G. PESADO

School Year 2021 – 2022

TABLES TITLE PAGE

2.3.1. Measurements of Balobo Branches scion 16

(Diplodiscus panicultus) and Swietenia mahagoni

rootstock sizes ( Length and Width)

2.3.2. Materials/Equipment and its Function 16

2.3.3. Soil Measurements in POT A, POT B, and POT C 29

2.4.1 Legend for Water Session 29

2.4.2. Sample A Water Session (1.5L) 30

2.4.3. Sample B Water Session (1.5L) 30

2.4.4. Sample C Water Session (1.5L) 30

TABLES TITLE PAGE

1 Schematic Diagram of cleft grafting planting technique 4

2 Grafted Balobo (Diplodiscus paniculatus Turcz) branches 20

APPENDIX TITLE PAGE

Appendix A List of Tables 28-30

Appendix B Greenhouse Design 31

Appendix D Research Profile 33-35

its beneficial properties that come from the family of Malvaceae-Tiliaceae. However,

if Balobo’s branches can be used to propagate Balobo seedlings and to determine if

Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq rootstock is compatible to graft with Balobo’s

size Balobo branches, 3 Swietenia mahagoni rootstock, pruning shear, utility

study. As a result, researchers conclude that cleft grafting Balobo (Diplodiscus

paniculatus Turcz) braches to Mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni) rootstock with the

Keywords: Balobo tree, Swietenia Mahagoni, Cleft grafting, Propagate,

Malvaceae, Tilaceae, Meliaceae.

construction, furniture, and more. However, due to illegal logging, deforestation,

Tiliaceae [3]. However, Malvaceae is similar to Tiliaceae or they have mucilaginous

relevance, and advantages to the natural diversity, people, as well as the contributions

would be useful to future researchers to conduct a further study particularly on its

(Diplodiscus paniculatus Turcz.).

H1: Balobo (Diplodiscus paniculatus) branches grafted in Swietenia mahogani (L.)

Jacq., rootstock can propagate Balobo seedlings.

H2: Balobo (Diplodiscus paniculatus) branches grafted in Swietenia mahagoni (L.)

Jacq., rootstock can’t propagate Balobo seedlings.

(Diplodiscus paniculatus) branches.

(Diplodiscus paniculatus) branches.

The main objective of this study is to ascertain if Balobo’s (Diplodiscus

paniculatus Turcz.) branches asexually grafted in Mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni)

rootstock can propagate Balobo seedlings.

Specifically, it aims to:

 To determine if Balobo (Diplodiscus Paniculatus Turcz.) branches can be use to

proliferate Balobo seedlings.

 To asses the compatibility of Balobo (Diplodiscus Paniculatus Turcz.) branches

grafted in Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq., rootstock.

 To determine the capability of Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq., to sustain the

grafted Balobo branches.

 To determine the effectiveness of the Cleft grafting planting method on

propagating Balobo seedlings.

 To determine what are the impacts of this study to nature

1.4. Conceptional Framework

Propagation of Balobo (Diplodiscus Paniculatus Turcz.) Grafted in Swietenia

A. Experimental Research Design

Compatibility of Balobo’s Effectiveness of Cleft Grafting

Figure 1. Schematic Diagram of cleft grafting planting technique used to

propagate balobo tree (diplodiscus paniculatus) branches on mahogany (swietenia

asexual propagation of Balobo tree (Diplodiscus Paniculatus Turcz.) branches in

processes, researchers will know if Balobo’s branches was compatible to graft in

planting method on propagating seedlings.