LUSAKA APEX MEDICAL UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF PRE-MEDICAL SCIENCES

DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY
PLANT AND ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY (BS1002)
JANUARY- JUNE 2023
SCHEME OF WORK

weeks Topic/subtopic c Objectives Teaching References

aids
1-2 1. White 2. Ravern Johnson (2002) Biology.
Overview of the course outline  List material exchanged board, 3. 6th edition Fried .Schaums outline
Gaseous Exchange between living organisms and markers, 4. of Biology
 Material exchanged the environment eraser,
 Gas exchange in  list the characteristics of microscop
protozoa; gaseous exchange surfaces es
 Gas exchange in  Describe how concentration
humans gradients are maintained in
protozoa and animals
 List the functions of upper
respiratory structures

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3-4 Mechanism of Ventilation 1. White 2. Ravern Johnson (2002) Biology. 6th edition
 Relate Boyle's law to board, 3. Fried .Schaums outline of Biology
 Structure of thorax, ventilation. markers,
 Mechanism of  Identify the muscles used eraser,
ventilation, during ventilation. microscop
 Control of breathing  Describe how volume changes es, springs
 Cellular respiration. in the thoracic cavity cause
 Lung volumes pressure changes that lead to
breathing
 Discuss how breathing is
controlled
 Define the different lung
volumes
 Relate respiration to ventilation
5-6  Blood and body fluids  1. White
list the functions and properties 2. Ravern Johnson (2002) Biology. 6th edition
 Plasma of blood board, 3. Fried .Schaums outline of Biology
 Composition  Relate the structure of markers,
and functional eraser,
erythrocytes to their functions microscop
properties of
blood;  Understand the principle es
 Blood cells behind vaccinations
 Structure and role of  list structural differences of
erythrocytes in fetal Hb and adult Hb
transport  Relate antigen presentation and
 Respiratory pigments antibody production
(hemoglobin, fetal  List the factors that lead to
hemoglobin & erythropoietin production
myoglobin);  List structures that produce
 Dissociation curves of blood at different stages in
hemoglobin and the human from fetal stage to
Bohr Effect; adulthood

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  Interchange of
materials between
capillaries and tissue
fluid
5-6 Human circulatory system
 Pulmonary circulation
 Systemic circulation
 Blood vessels
 Heart and major heart
diseases
7-8 Human reproductive system.
 Reproductive structures
 Reproductive hormones
 Puberty
 Fertilization in humans
9 Plant water relationships
-10  The concept of water
potential;
 Uptake and Transport
of water by root hair
cells
 TACT mechanism
 Discuss the factors that shift
the oxygen dissociation curve
Explain the flow of blood within the 1. White 2. Ravern Johnson (2002) Biology. 6th edition
heart board, 3. Fried .Schaums outline of Biology
Describe how common heart conditions markers,
develop amd how they are related to eraser,
each other microscop
es
Discuss the differences between male 1. White 2. Ravern Johnson (2002) Biology. 6th edition
and female reproductive systems board, 3. Fried .Schaums outline of Biology
Discuss spermatogenesis markers,
Discuss menstruation and female eraser,
monthly cycle heart
Outline the functions of different models
reproductive structures
Relate development of secondary
sexual characteristics to reproductive
hormones
Identify ways of keeping the
reproductive system healthy
Relate water potential to movement of1. White 2. Ravern Johnson (2002) Biology. 6th edition
water in a plant board, 3. Fried .Schaums outline of Biology
Explain different pathways in which markers,
plants take up water from the roots to eraser,
the leaves microscop
Discuss how properties of water es
support life
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11 -13 Photosynthesis: Relate structure of chloroplast to its 1. White 2. Ravern Johnson (2002) Biology. 6th edition
 Structure of the function board, 3. Fried .Schaums outline of Biology
chloroplast, Illustrate cyclic and non -cyclic markers,
 Light dependent phosphorylation eraser,
reactions microscop
 Calvin cycle es, flower
 Mineral nutrition: models
 Fertilization in
flowering plants

PRESCRIBED BOKS

1. Ravern Johnson (2002) Biology. 6th edition

2. Fried .Schaums outline of Biology

RECOMENDED BOOKS
1. AS and A Level Biology, Jones, Fosbery, Taylor and Gregory, published by CUP (ISBN 9780521703062) and endorsed by
CIE.
2. Practical Advanced Biology, King, Reiss and Roberts, published by Nelson Thornes (ISBN 9780174483083)
3. Comprehensive Practical Biology for A Level
4. Richard A. Harvey (2011). Lippincott’s illustrated Reviews Biochemistry. Copyright © 2011 (2008, 2005, 1994, 1987)
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, a Wolters Kluwer business
5. Guyton A.C. and Hall E. J. (2006) Textbook of medical physiology. 12th edition.

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