DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM SECTION FOR SHEAR 2011/2018

Example: A simply supported beam which has a span of 6m is subjected to a uniformly

distributed super-imposed dead load of 3.2kN/m, and live load of 4kN/m in addition to its self-
weight. The dimension of the beam is restricted to 250 x 350mm. Design the beam for shear
using rectangular stress block. Also sketch the reinforcement detail. (Use concrete class C20/25
and steel grade S-400 and 𝐴𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 = 942.48𝑚𝑚2 ).

Solution
1. Compute design shear (𝑽𝑬𝒅 )
Dead load:
 Superimposed dead load=3.2KN/m

 Self-weight= rc*b*D = 25kN/m3* 0.25m * 0.35m = 2.19kN/m

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑; 𝐷𝐿 = 3.2𝑘𝑁/𝑚 + 2.19𝑘𝑁/𝑚 = 5.39𝑘𝑁/𝑚
Live load: LL = 4kN/m
Design load, Pd = 1.35DL + 1.5LL
Pd = 1.35 * 5.39𝑘⁄𝑚 + 1.5 * 4𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚 = 13.28𝐾𝑁⁄𝑚.

Pd=13.39kN/m

A B

L=6m

𝑃𝑑 𝑙 2 13.39∗62
𝐵𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔, 𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑀𝐸𝑑 = = = 60.26𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
8 8

𝑃𝑑 ∗ 𝑙 13.39 ∗ 6
𝑆ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟, 𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = = 40.17𝑘𝑁
2 2
2. The design shear resistance of the member without shear reinforcement (𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 ) is
determined as follow:
1⁄
[𝑐𝑅𝑑,𝑐 𝑘 (1001 𝑓𝑐𝑘 ) 3 + 𝑘1 𝑐𝑝 ]𝑏𝑤 𝑑
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = max { 𝑜𝑟
[𝑣𝑚𝑖𝑛 + 𝑘1 𝑐𝑝 ]𝑏𝑤 𝑑
Where:
 𝑓𝑐𝑘 is in MPa
0.18 0.18
 𝐶𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = = = 0.12
𝛾𝑐 1.5
200 200
 𝑘 = 1+√ = 1 + √302 = 1.814 ≤ 2.0 ………… Ok (Take k=1.814)
𝑑
𝐴 942.48𝑚𝑚2
 𝜌1 = 𝑑∗𝑏𝑠𝑡 = 250𝑚𝑚∗302𝑚𝑚 = 0.0125 ≤ 0.02 …………Ok (Take 𝜌1 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟐𝟓)
𝑤
3 1 3 1
 𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.035 ∗ 𝑘 2 ∗ 𝑓𝑐𝑘 2 = 0.035 ∗ 1.8142 ∗ 202 = 0.382
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 DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM SECTION FOR SHEAR 2011/2018

𝑁𝐸𝐷
 𝜎𝑐𝑝 = =0
𝐴𝐶
 𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 - in [N]

Thus the design shear resistance of the member will be:

1
[ 0.12 ∗ 1.814(100 ∗ 0.0125 ∗ 20)3 + 0.15 ∗ 0] ∗ 250 ∗ 302 = 48.06𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = max { 𝑜𝑟
[0.382 + 0.15 ∗ 0]250 ∗ 302 = 28.84𝑘𝑁

𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = 48.06 kN

Since 𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = 48.06𝑘𝑁 > 𝑉𝐸𝐷 = 40.17𝑘𝑁 the section doesn’t require design for shear
reinforcement. Thus provide minimum reinforcement for shear.

3. Provide minimum reinforcement for shear.

The ratio of shear reinforcement is given by the expression
𝐴𝑠𝑤
𝜌𝑤 = 𝑠∗𝑏 Where, 𝜌𝑤 is the shear reinforcement ratio
𝑤 ∗𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼

0.08√𝑓𝑐𝑘 0.08√20
𝜌𝑤,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.000894
𝑓𝑦𝑘 400

=> 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝜌𝑤 = 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.000894

𝐴𝑠𝑤 is area of shear reinforcement with length s
α is the angle between shear reinforcement and the longitudinal axis
s is the spacing of the shear reinforcement measured along the
longitudinal axis of the member
𝜋∗2 𝜋∗82
𝐴𝑠𝑤 2∗ 2∗
then 𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙 = 𝜌 =𝜌 4
= 0.000894∗250∗𝑠𝑖𝑛90𝑜 = 449.8𝑚𝑚
4
𝑤 ∗𝑏𝑤 ∗𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 𝑤 ∗𝑏𝑤 ∗𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼

𝑠𝑙,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75𝑑(1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝛼) , considering α=90o

𝑠𝑙,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75𝑑 = 0.75 ∗ 302 = 226.5𝑚𝑚

𝑠𝑙,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 226.5𝑚𝑚 < 𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙 = 449.8𝑚𝑚 Take 𝑆 = 220𝑚𝑚

Provide: 2-leg stirrup ɸ8/220mm

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 DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM SECTION FOR SHEAR 2011/2018

Example 2: A simply supported beam which has a span of 6m is subjected to a uniformly

distributed super-imposed dead load of 3.2kN/m, and live load of 13kN/m in addition to its self-
weight. The width of the beam is restricted to 250 x 350mm. Design the beam for shear. Also
sketch the reinforcement detail. (Use concrete class C20/25, steel grade S-400, unit weight of
concrete (rc) =25kN/m3, As provided in tension zone =942𝑚𝑚2 , 8 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑢𝑝).

Solution
1. Compute design shear (𝑽𝑬𝒅 )
Dead load:
 Superimposed dead load=3.2KN/m

 Self-weight= rc*b*D = 25kN/m3* 0.25m * 0.35m = 2.19kN/m

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑; 𝐷𝐿 = 3.2𝑘𝑁/𝑚 + 2.19𝑘𝑁/𝑚 = 5.39𝑘𝑁/𝑚
Live load: LL = 13kN/m
Design load, Pd = 1.35DL + 1.5LL
Pd = 1.35 * 5.39𝑘 ⁄𝑚 + 1.5 * 13𝑘𝑁 ⁄𝑚 = 26.78𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚.
Pd=26.78kN/m
A B
L=6m

𝑃𝑑 𝑙 2 26.78 ∗ 62
𝐵𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔, 𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑀𝐸𝑑 = = = 120.51𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
8 8
𝑃𝑑 ∗𝑙 26.78∗6
𝑆ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟, 𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = = 80.34𝑘𝑁
2 2

2. The design value of the shear resistance is determined as follow

1⁄
3
[𝑐𝑅𝑑,𝑐 𝑘 (1001 𝑓𝑐𝑘 ) + 𝑘1 𝑐𝑝 ] 𝑏𝑤 𝑑
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = max 𝑜𝑟
{ [𝑣𝑚𝑖𝑛 + 𝑘1 𝑐𝑝 ]𝑏𝑤 𝑑
Where:
 𝑓𝑐𝑘 is in MPa
0.18 0.18
 𝐶𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = = = 0.12
𝛾𝑐 1.5
200 200
 𝑘 =1+√ = 1 + √302 = 1.814≤ 2.0 ………… Ok (Take k=0.788)
𝑑
𝐴 942𝑚𝑚2
 𝜌1 = 𝑑∗𝑏𝑠𝑡 = 250𝑚𝑚∗302𝑚𝑚 = 0.0125 ≤ 0.02 …….. Ok (Take𝜌1 = 0.0125)
𝑤
3 1 3 1
 𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.035 ∗ 𝑘 2 ∗ 𝑓𝑐𝑘 2 = 0.035 ∗ (1.814)2 ∗ 202 = 0.382
𝑁𝐸𝐷
 𝜎𝑐𝑝 = =0
𝐴𝐶

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 DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM SECTION FOR SHEAR 2011/2018

1⁄
[0.12 ∗ 1.814 (100 ∗ 0.0125 ∗ 20) 3 + 0.15 ∗ 0] 250 ∗ 301 = 48.06𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = max { 𝑜𝑟
[0.382 + 0.15 ∗ 0]250 ∗ 302 = 28.84𝑘𝑁

𝑇𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑽𝑹𝒅,𝒄 = 𝟒𝟖. 𝟎𝟔𝒌𝑵

Since 𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = 48.06𝑘𝑁 < 𝑉𝐸𝐷 = 80.34𝑘𝑁 the concrete section doesn’t resist the coming shear
alone, thus the section requires design for shear reinforcement.

3. Determine shear resistance (𝑽𝑹𝒅 )

For members with vertical shear reinforcement, the shear resistance (VRd) is determined as
follow:
𝐴𝑠𝑤
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑠 = 𝑠
𝑧𝑓𝑦𝑢𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃
VRd = Min { 𝛼𝑐𝑤 ∗𝑏𝑤 ∗𝑧∗𝑣1 ∗𝑓𝑐𝑑
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃

Where

 𝛼𝑐𝑤 = 1 (Recommended value for 𝛼𝑐𝑤 is 1 for non prestressed structure)

 θ - is the angle between concrete compression struts and the main tension chord
 z - is the inner lever arm, z = 0.9d(1+ 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃) = 0.9*302 = 271.8mm)
 𝑣1 = 0.6 - for fck ≤ 60 MPa

Let’s determine the angle θ between the concrete compression strut and the main tension chord
by considering VRd,max = VEd

𝛼𝑐𝑤 ∗ 𝑏𝑤 ∗ 𝑧 ∗ 𝑣1 ∗ 𝑓𝑐𝑑 𝛼𝑐𝑤 ∗ 𝑏𝑤 ∗ 𝑧 ∗ 𝑣1 ∗ 𝑓𝑐𝑑 1 2 ∗ 𝑉𝐸𝑑

𝑉𝐸𝑑 = = => 𝜃 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑖𝑛( )
𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃 2 𝛼𝑐𝑤 ∗ 𝑏𝑤 ∗ 𝑧 ∗ 𝑣1 ∗ 𝑓𝑐𝑑
2
1 2 ∗ 80830
𝜃 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( ) = 10.24°
2 1 ∗ 250 ∗ 271.8 ∗ 0.6 ∗ 11.33

Thus 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑡(10.24°) = 5.924 but the limiting value of 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 is 1 ≤ 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 ≤ 2.5

Take 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 = 2.5 =>𝜃 = 22°

𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑠 =
𝐴𝑠𝑤
𝑧𝑓𝑦𝑢𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 =>
𝐴𝑠𝑤 𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑠
= 𝑧𝑓 =
80340
= 0.34𝑚𝑚2⁄
𝑠 𝑠 𝑦𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 271.8∗347.83∗2.5 𝑚𝑚

𝐴𝑠𝑤 2
= 0.34 𝑚𝑚 ⁄𝑚𝑚
𝑠

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 DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM SECTION FOR SHEAR 2011/2018

2∗∗2 2∗∗82
But𝐴𝑠𝑤 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑙𝑒𝑔; 𝐴𝑠𝑤 = = = 100.48mm2
4 4

100.48
𝑆𝑐𝑎𝑙 = = 295.52𝑚𝑚
0.34
4. Now determining the maximum spacing of shear reinforcement

The ratio of shear reinforcement is given by the expression

𝐴𝑠𝑤
𝜌𝑤 = 𝑠∗𝑏 Where, 𝜌𝑤 is the shear reinforcement ratio
𝑤 ∗𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼

0.08√𝑓𝑐𝑘 0.08√20
𝜌𝑤,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.000894 => 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝜌𝑤 = 0.000894
𝑓𝑦𝑘 400

𝐴𝑠𝑤 is area of shear reinforcement with length s

𝜋∗𝑑2 𝜋∗82
𝐴𝑠𝑤 2∗ 2∗
Thus 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝜌 =𝜌 4
= 0.000894∗250∗𝑠𝑖𝑛90𝑜 = 449.8𝑚𝑚
4
𝑤 ∗𝑏𝑤 ∗𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 𝑤 ∗𝑏𝑤 ∗𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼

Maximum spacing of shear reinforcement

𝑠𝑙,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75𝑑(1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝛼) , considering α=90o

𝑠𝑙,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75𝑑 = 0.75 ∗ 301 = 226.5𝑚𝑚

𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙 = 295.52𝑚𝑚
S = min{ 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 449.8𝑚𝑚 Take 𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 = 226.5𝑚𝑚
𝑠𝑙,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 226.5𝑚𝑚

Use 𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 = 220𝑚𝑚

Provide: 2-leg stirrup ɸ8/220mm

The additional tensile force, 𝐹𝑡𝑑 , in the longitudinal reinforcement due to shear 𝑉𝐸𝑑 may be
calculated from:

𝐹𝑡𝑑 = 0.5 𝑉𝐸𝑑 (cot - cot ) = 0.5*80.34*( cot22° - cot 90°)

= 0.5*80.34*(2.5 - 0) = 100.425kN

5 Reinforced Concrete Structure - I