INTERNSHIP REPORT

A report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of a degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
St.JOSEPH'S INSTITUTE O F TECHNOLOGY-

OMR CHENNAI-600119

By
SHANTHINI S
312421106146

TITLE:"STUDY OF OVERALL ELECTRICAL SYSTEM IN TPS-

1 EXPANSION, NLCIL, NEYVELI"
ORGANIZATION:TPS-1
EXPANSION, NLCIL, NEYVELI"
(Duration:4 MAY 2023 to 17 MAY2023)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND

COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
St.JOSEPH'S INSTITUTE O F TECHNOLOGY-OMR

CHENNAI-600119

2021-2025
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

At the outset, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to our beloved

Chairman Dr. B. BABU MANOHARAN, M.A., M.B.A., Ph..D., for his constant
guidance and support.

I would like to express my sincere thanks to our respected Managing

Director, Mrs. S. JESSIE PRIYA, M. Com, and Executive
Director,Mr.B.SASHISEKAR, M.Sc., for their kind encouragement.

I express my sincere gratitude and wholehearted thanks to our Principal,

Dr. P. RAVICHANDRAN, M. Tech., Ph.D., for his encouragement to make
this
Internship successful.
I wish to express our truthful thanks and gratitude to our Head of the
Department, Dr. C. GNANA KOUSALYA, M.E., Ph.D., Department of
Electronics and Communication Engineering for her constant support and
motivation throughout my internship.

I express my heartfelt thanks to Dr. J. JEBA JOHANNAH, Associate

Professor for her guidance and encouragement in completing the internship with
in the stipulated time.
SHANTHINI S
 TABLE OF CONTENT
INDEX
PAGE NO
S.NO CONTENT

1 INTRODUCTION 4

2 ABOUT UNIT 5

3 TRANSFORMER 8

4 GENERATOR 11

5 ASH HANDLING SYSTEM 14

6 LIGNITE HANDLING SYSTEM 17

7 COOLING SYSTEM 23

8 CONCLUSION 26
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 ABOUT NLCIL

Energy can neither be created nor be destroyed. In thermal power plants, the
chemical energy in fuels like lignite is burnt to produce heat energy. This heat energy is
used to convert the state of water from a liquid to a gaseous state (Potential Energy).
This steam is made to travel through various tubes and moves towards the turbine
(Kinetic Energy). Then the steam is made to rotate the turbine (mechanical energy). The
generator rotor is coupled to the same shaft to which the turbine is coupled. The DC
excitation is given to the rotor which rotates and produces a rotating magneticfield in
the air gap. This rotating magnetic field cuts stator windings. As a result ofthis, an EMF
(Electro Motive Force) is induced .

This 15.75 KV is stepped up into 400 KV through a Generating transformer with

a capacity of 250 MVA for transmission purposes. The capacity of TPS-I EXPANSION is
420 MW generated out of which the plant consumes nearly 30 to 35 MW for its usage and
only 385 to 390 MW is transmitted. NLCIL (Neyveli Lignite Corporation India Limited)

Despite lignite's efficiency being less compared to coal, lignite is used because of its
availability. It is also economically good to use. If other fuels like oil and diesel are used for
producing heat energy then the cost of one unit ofpower will be more. This report comprises
information about 400 KV Switchyard Equipments in TPS- 1 Expansion.

1
 MINING UNITS

1. MINE-I (INCLUDING EXPANSION):

The lignite seam was first exposed in August 1961 and regular mining of lignite
commenced in May 1962. German excavation technology was applied in open cast
mining, and Bucket Wheel Excavators, Conveyors, and Spreaders were used for the
very first time in the country in Neyveli Mine-I. The capacity was increased, to 10 MT
of lignite per annum from March 2003 under the Mine-I expansion scheme, and at the
present it meets the fuel requirement for generating power from TPS-I Expansion and
NNTP.

2. MINE-II (INCLUDING EXPANSION):

In February 1978, The Government of India sanctioned the Second Lignite Mine
with a capacity of 4.7 MT of lignite per annum and in February '83, it sanctioned the
expansion of the Second Mine capacity from 4.7 million Tonnes to 10.5 million
Tonnes. GOI sanctioned the expansion of Mine-Il from 10.5 MTPA to 15.0 MTPA
of lignite in October 2004 with a cost of Rs. 2295.93 crores. The mine-II Expansion
project was completed on 12th March 2010. The lignite excavated from Mine II
meets the fuel requirements of Thermal
Power Station-Il and Thermal Power Station-II Expansion.
3. MINE-IA AND EXPANSION:
Mine-IA for a capacity of 3.0 million tons commenced on 30th July 2001 &
lignite production commenced on 30th March 2003. Mine IA meets the fuel requirement
of the 250 MW Independent Power Project put up at Neyveli and caters to additional
requirements of NLC’s power stations. Further in 2015, MOEF has approved for
expansion

2
4. TALABIRA II & III
OCP:
GOL, MOC, allotted Talabira-II & III coal block in favour of NLC India Limited on
02/05/2016. The block is having 553.98 MT of coal reserves. The capacity of mine: 20
MIPA (Normative), Peak 23 MTPA. The block is operated by MDO. MDO hasbeen
engaged for "Talabira II & III". The coal from the block caters to the needs of coal-based
pithead TPS (5 X 800MW) in 2 Phases and to NTPL (2 X 500 MW), Tuticorin.

5. BARSINGSAR MINE:

GOI sanctioned the implementation of the Barsingsar mine with a capacity of

2.1 MTPA of lignite per annum at an estimated cost of Rs. 254.60 crore in December
2004. Both overburden and lignite production has been outsourced. Lignite excavation
commenced on 23rd November 2009 and production attained the rated capacity on 31st
January

1. THERMAL POWER STATION-

II:
The 1470MW Second Thermal Power Station consists of 7 units of 210 MW
each. The first 210 MW unit was synchronized in March 1986 and the last unit (Unit- VI)
was synchronized in June 93. The power generated from the Second Thermal Power
Station after meeting the needs of the Second Mine is shared by the Southern States viz.,
Tamil Nadu,
Kerala, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh Telangana, and Pondicherry.

2. THERMAL POWER STATION-I

EXPANSION:
Thermal Power Station-I has been expanded using the lignite available from
Mine- 1 from this Thermal Power Station after meeting the internal requirements is
shared by Expansion. The scheme was sanctioned by the Government of India in
February 1996 Unit synchronized in October 2002 and Unit-II in July 2003. The power
was generated by the

Southern States viz., Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka, and Pondicherry.

4
3. BARSINGSAR THERMAL POWER STATION:
The government of India sanctioned the Barsingsar Thermal Power Station 250
MW(2 X 125 MW) in October 2004. Both the units were commissioned in December 2011
and January 2012. The power generated from this thermal power station after meeting
internal requirements is shared by the DISCOMS of the state of Rajasthan

4. TPS-11 EXPANSION:
The Project is consisting of two units of 250 MW capacity each. Unit-l attained
commercial operation in April 2015 and Unit-t in July 2015. The lignite requirement is
met by the Mine-II expansion which has already been commissioned. The steam
generators of this project employ eco-friendly "Circulating Fluidised Bed Combustion
(CFBC)
technology. This technology is being adopted for 250 MW Capacity units for the first time
in India.

5. NLC TAMIL NADU POWER LIMITED (NTPL), TUTICORIN:

NLC TAMILNADU POWER LIMITED (NTPL) coal-based 2x500 MW
thermal Power project at Tuticorin in Tamil Nadu is a joint venture company with
TANGEDCO. NLC holds 89% of equity and TANGEDCO 11% Unit- 1 attained
commercial operation in June 2015 and Unit- 11 in August 2015. NTPL has signed a
fuel supply agreement with Mahanadhi Coalfields Limited for the supply of 3.0
MTPA of coal and to meet the shortfall in the requirement, a contract has also been
awarded on M/s. MSTC for
the supply of imported coal.

6. NEYVELI NEW THERMAL POWER PROJECT (NNIPP):

This project is consisting of two units of 500MW each. It is the first of its kind

and size in India, which has been commissioned at a capital cost of rupees 7980.79

crores.

5
 This project is envisaged as a replacement plant for 600MW TS- 1, which was
decommissioned in September 2020 COD ofunit-I and II was declared on 28 December
2020
and 10 February 2021 respectively.
7. NEYVELI UTTAR PRADESH POWER LIMITED (NUPPL):

NLCL and UP Government-made joint venture, Uttar Pradesh Rajya Vidyut

Utpadan Nigam Limited (UPRVUNL), is setting up a 3x660 MW Coal based
Thermal Power Plant at Ghatampur Tehsil, Kanpur Nagar District. Uttar
Pradesh, through its subsidiary company Neyveli Uttar Pradesh Power Limited
(NUPPL) with an equity participation ratio of 51:49, The Project will get its
fuel resource from Pachwara South Coal Block (11 MTPA),
Dumka, District, Jharkhand State.

8. TALABIRA PROJECT:

NLCIL under its Expansion plan established a Coal based Pit-head TPS of 5 X
800 MW in two phases. The project will get its fuel resource from the Talabira II & III coal
blocks, Odisha State (20 MTPA). Mine Development Operator (MDO) contract for Talabira
mine is Award

OVERALL THERMAL PROCESS

ENERGY CONVERSION:
Heat Energy

Kinetic Energy

Chemical Energy

Electrical Energy

Mechanical6 Energy

 CHAPTER 2

CONTENT OF STUDY

2.1 OVERALL THERMAL PROCESS:

FUEL ASH CYCLE:

Initially, HFO (Heavy Furnace oil) is used for ignition and to increase the
temperature further LDO (Light Diesel Oil) is burnt. Lignite from Mine-I is taken to
the crusher house where it is crushed into particles of size 80 mm. A vent from the boiler
is given to the path connecting the crusher and mill because the hot air from the boiler
removes the moisture content in the lignite. From the crusher house, it is taken to the
boiler through the mill again where it is crushed into 80 micromicron size particles. Due
to the burning oflignite,

9
COOLED WATER CIRCULATION:

The steam from the LP turbine is sent to the condenser. The condensation takes
the help of cold water from the lake. The cold water absorbs the heat from the water in
the condenser pipe and moves to the cooling tower. After condensation in the cooling
tower, the cool water is sent to the condenser for recirculation.

2.2 TRANSFORMERS:

• Total number of oil-filled transformers: 90

• Total number of dry-type transformers: 28
• Number of generating transformers: 2 [one for each unit, Oil Type]
• Number of station transformers: 2 [Oil Type]
• Number of auxiliary transformers:4 [2 for each unit, Oil type]
• Number of excitation transformers:2 [1 for each unit, Dry-type]
• Number of neutral grounding transformer:2 [1 for each unit, Dry- type
• Number of neutral grounding rectifier:4 [2 for each unit]
• Number of station service transformers: 7 [Dry type]
• Number of unit service transformer:4 [2 for each unit, Dry type]
• Number of LHS transformers: 4 [Oil Type]
• Number of AHS transformers.2 [Oil Type]
• Number of ESP transformers: 4 [2 for each unit, Oil Type]
• Number of ESP HV rectifier transformer: 48 [24 for each unit, Oil •
Type] Number of bore well transformer:2 [Oil Type]
• Number of drinking water transformers.2 [Oil Type]
• Number of service water transformers: 10 [Oil Type]
Number of CWPH transformer:2 [Oil Type]

10
INDICATIONS:

IN OIL TYPE

TRANSFORMER:

Oil Temperature [Alarm/Trip] 75˚- Alarm 85˚ - Trip

Winding Temperature 85˚ - Alarm 95˚ - Trip
Alarm/Trip] Fan [On/Off] 65˚ - Fan On 60˚ - Fan OFF
Pump [On/Off] 70˚ - Pump On 65˚ - Pump Off

• Oil Temperature: 95°-Alarm; 105°- Trip

• Winding temperature: 110˚- Alarm; 120°- Trip
• Number of fans: 10 [2 groups, each 5 in which 4 in service, 1 in reserve]
• Number of pumps 4 [2 groups, each 2 in which I in service, 1 in
• reserve]
Number of PRV:2

WORKING:

The oil flow from the conservator tank to the main tank through the Buchholz
relay. The hot oil is then directed towards the radiator groups. The oil is cooled down
using fans. After cooling the oil flow back to the main tank through pumps. The oil
recirculates in this way.

14
2.3 LIGNITE HANDLING SYSTEM (LHS):

• Number of HT Conveyors: 6 [ 16.6KV/500KW]

• Number Of LT Conveyors: 14 [0.45/55KW]
• Capacity Of LHS System: 2000 tonnes per hour
• Capacity Of RCC Bunker: 10,000 tonnes
• Number Of Slots in RCC Bunker: 13 Capacity Of Boiler Bunker: 12 [6 for each unit]

Capacity Of Lignite Consumed Per Day: 9000 tonnes [4500 tonnes per
WORKING:
In 11A, 11B conveyors carry lignite from Mines- 1, and the lignite is filled into
the RCC BUNKER through Reversible Shuttle Conveyor (RSC) which moves in both
directions (both forward and backward).

From RCC BUNKER, 12A, 12B Conveyors and Universal shuttle

conveyor (USC) carry lignite to the crusher house with the help of a paddle feeder w
equal extraction of lignite from the RCC BUNKER slots.
In the Crusher House, the screening process takes place to separate lignite
particles whose size is greater than 80mm are crushed in the crusher and their size is
reduced. The eccentric screening technique is used here and double rolled eccentric
crushing method is used here. From the crusher, lignite is taken to the boiler bunker
through 13A, 13B Conveyor, Reverse Conveyor, 14A, 14B, and RSC.

PROTECTIVE SCHEME:
While lignite comes from one conveyor to the next conveyor various

protection schemes are adopted. They are listed as follows:

23
2.4 COOLING TOWER:

The temperature of the water inside the condenser is 45°C, the circulating water is sent
to the condenser to cool down the temperature of the water in the condenser through the
Heat Exchange process. To cool down the circulating water it is sent to the cooling
tower, where the temperature of circulating water is reduced by natural convection.
Height of cooling tower 114.5m Shape of the cooling tower-Hyperbolic Type-approx.
7200 sprayers-Natural draft type Water pours down at a height of 10m from the ground.
Vaporization takes place at a rate of 36000liters/hr. Due to vaporization, salts are left
behind.

26
 Some Percentage of Si Increases, so blow down is done. To avoid fungus formation,

it's chlorinated.

2.5 DEMINERALISED WATER

PLANT
The main motive of the DM Water plant is to remove the salts and ions present in the raw
water to avoid corrosion in the boiler tube and the turbine plates. The raw water contains
Sodium chloride, Calcium carbonate, Silicate, etc. And some dissolvedgas particles. Since
the raw water has a conductivity of 127 mhos, the conductivity should be
maintained low and PH should be kept at 6.5-8.5.

The salts are of suspended, dissolved, and gaseous types. The suspended salts
are removed by mechanical filtration of a sand filter. The dissolved salts are removed by
the ion exchange process by using a medium called Resin. Two types of resins namely
cations resin and anion resin are used to remove the cations and anions in the mixed bed.

Firstly, the water is passed through a cationic resin tank in which hydrogen("11")
is replaced by cations present in the water. Resin is packed between water and air which
gives time for the diffusion of gasses in the water to air. The water from the degasser flows
to an anionic tank in which Hydroxyl ions (OH) are replaced by anions present in water.
The water after this is sent to Condensate Storage Tank (CST). The water stored in this
tank has a pll of nearly 7 and conductivity of approximately 0.08
mho. Each tank has a capacity of 30 Metric Tonnes and they are subjected to ultrasonic
testing to test the strength of filters and external tests to check the pressure vessel valve
thickness.

27
MOTOR RATINGS:

Power
11 KW
Current 23.5
Speed 960 RPM
Voltage 415 V AC

STAND BY PUMP:

A standby pump is driven by an AC motor. Identical to the mam pump, and starts
up in case of failure of the main pump. The motor drives the pump to supply Oil To
seals

MOTOR RATINGS:

Power
11 KW
Current
23.5
Speed
960 RPM
Voltage 415 V AC

VACCUME PUMP:
The vacuum pump driven by an AC motor, maintains an absolute pressure of
approximately 0.02 bar, inside the vacuum tank. This assures the scavenging of
moisture .

Power 2.2 KW

Voltage 415 VAC

29
EMERGENCY PUMP [DC]:

To maintain continuity of the oil supply to the seals at all times during operation,
emergency sources of oil have been provided to back up the primary supply. The 3rd
source of the seal oil is the emergency seal oil pump. This pump is driven by a DC
motor and in case of failure or loss of AC power of the main and of the standby AC
motor pumps, it will automatically start up and supply seal oil to the seals. The DC
motor pump starts automatically. The command comes directly from differential
pressure switches the pressure of the oil being pumped to the seals is controlled by a
regulating valve as it is when pumped by the main pumps.

Power 4.5 KW
Current 22.1 A 2300
Speed RPM
Voltage 220 V AC

FLOAT TRAP:

The outflow from the hydrogen side detaining tank passes through a tank
containing a float valve which prevents the passage of the hydrogen further along the
drain lines. Hydrogen is vented from the float trap to the hydrogen side detaining tank.
If the seal oil system is operated at generator gas pressure below 0.35 bar, it may be
necessary to bypass the float trap to prevent backing up of the hydrogen side seal oil
flow. In the event of float trap malfunction, the oil level can be controlled by throttling
the bypass valve to establish a level in the sight glass. During normal operation, the
outflow from the float trap returns to the lube oil system through the air side detaining
tank. During standstill operation,
lube oil from the bearing header is not flowing, the outflow from the float trap

recirculates through the seal oil system through a check valve.

COOLERS:

Two coolers are provided in parallel, horizontally placed, with eight pipes one
as reserved to the other. They are sized to provide that the seal oil enters the seal at a constan

temperature. Here, water acts as a coolant.

CONDITION:

The differential pressure (pressure difference between seal oil and hydrogen

gas) should be at 0.5 bars under normal working conditions.

SEAL OIL INTERLOCKS:

If differential pressure is

• 0.35 bar: After 3 sec Standby pump starts.

• 0.20 bar: After 5 sec DC pump starts.
• 0.18 bar: DC pump instantaneously.

• 0.20 bar: After 15-sec turbine trips (2 out of 3 pressure switches).

DRIER:

Hydrogen is sent via a drier which removes the moisture content in it. The drier contains
activated alumina that absorbs the moisture and regeneration (hot air is sent inside)
is done to keep the alumina dry.

31
2.7 GENERATOR:

The generator used in TPS-I Expansion is a Synchronous Generators capacity is

283.5 MVA. The excitation is DC excitation. 346 V DC and 2725A are enough to excite
the generator. It rotates at a speed of 3000 RPM since it has 2 poles. The winding
insulation class of both stator and rotor is F class. There are 9 carbon brush holders and
each holder has 4 brushes thus 36 positive carbon brushes and 36 negative carbon brushes.
The air gap between the stator and rotor is 85mm. It produces an output of 15.75 K V.

PRINCIPLE:

The generator depends upon Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction which

says the current induced in the conductor inside in the magnetic field whenever there is a
relative motion between that conductor and the magnetic field.

33
WORKING:

The rotor of an alternator or a synchronous generator is mechanically coupled to

the shaft or the turbine blades, which is made to rotate at a synchronous speed under
some mechanical force resulting in magnetic flux cutting of the stationary armature
conductors housed on the stator. As a direct consequence of these flux cutting an induced
emf, the current starts to flow through the armature conductors which first flow in one
direction for the first ha cycle and then in the other direction for the second half cycle for
each winding with a definite time lag of 120˚ due to the space displaced arrangement of
120˚ between them. This particular phenomenon results in three-phase power flow out of
the alternator.

EXCITATION:

The excitation is given to this generator via AVR (Automatic Voltage

Regulator). The excitation given to this generator should lie between 346V to 150V DC
supply. The excitation is given to the rotor. The generator voltage 15.75KV stepdown
using Excitation transformer to 480V. Then this supply is fed to the rectifier circuit and
then this DC is compare with the reference field excitation then the error is amplified
and the excitation is given to the ro with the help of carbon brushes. There are 4 carbon
brush holders each of which has 9 carbon brushes.

2.9 TURBINE:

A turbine is a turbo machine with at least one moving part called a rotor
assembly, which is a shaft or drum with blades attached. Steam turbines are used
for the generation of electricity in thermal power plants, such as plants using coal
and fuel oil. A steam turbine is a device that extracts thermal energy from
pressurized steamand uses it to do mechanical work on a rotating output shaft.

34
 2.11 BOILER:
The main function of the boiler is to convert water to steam.
BOILER FEATURES:

The boiler produces 640 tonnes of steam/hour to produce a power of 210 MW.
At a pressure and temperature of 155kg/cm and 540 C. Boiler is 80m in height, consisting of
173 steel tubes on each side of 12m with as it forms a cubical shape. The width of the steel
tube is 50mm. The boiler drum is located at a height of 72m. The gaps between the steam
tubes are welded with a thin sheet of metal.

BOILER DRUM:

The boiler drum is at a height of 72m from ground level. The water is converted
to steam after 7 natural circulations from downcomer to drum. The principle is that
there will be a difference in temperature between the tube inside the boiler and
outside the boiler. The water circulating in the tube inside the boiler will be heated
and density reduces. In this way, steam is moved upwards and natural circulation
takes place. After 7 circulations water
is converted to steam completely. A cyclone separator is used to separate steam and
water inside the drum. The present inside the drum is wet steam of temperature 330˚
̊and pressure 164atta which will affect the turbine blades. Therefore, its temperature
increased superheater where it will become dry steam.

BOILER WORKING:
The firing place will be at the centre of the boiler at a height of 20-27m. Initially
for ignition (Light Diesel Oil) is added and lightened with the help of field flash, latter
HFO (Heavy Furnace Oil) is added to get the ignition temperature of lignite. After
attaining a temperature of 500˚C, lignite is sprinkled within the boiler. For any fuel to
the ignited, heat the triangle must be there i.e., source, air, and heat. The source (lignite)
is obtained from LHS. And the heat will be obtained from igniting oil with the help of
field flash. The atmospheric air is sucked with the help of an FD fan. Usually, it
contains some moisture that tent will lead to boiler corrosion. To remove this moisture
RAPH is used. The air will be passed to one side and flue gas will be passed to another
side. Heat exchange will take place where the moisture content is removed and the
temperature and pressure of air .

36
 ELECTRICALSCHEME:

TPS I EXPN gets its station supply from TPS 1. The 220KV bus in TPS I is
connected to an MST I and MST 2 (main station transformer) of capacity 50/63 MVA and
it steps down voltage is 33 KV which is connected to the 33KV bus via a circuit breaker.
This circuit breaker gets closed only when line PT measures 33KV. Then the 33KV is
stepped down to 6.6KV (OBCA or OBCB) and 11 KV.

11 KV BUS:

There is a total of 10 service water pumps and 2 drinking water pumps to suck
water from the ground. Normally only 2 service water and 1 drinking water pump will be in
service and 8 service pumps and one drinking Water pump will be in reserve. There are 6
borewell substations each of them is connected to two pumps via a vacuum circuit breaker
and 11/0.4KV transformer but SW 1, and SW 10 are connected to the LHS substation
whereas DW1 connected to the circulating water pump house to avoid water shortage which
occurs due to fault in 11 KV bus.
All borewell substations are connected to the ring main system. One 11KV bus (incomer 1)
is connected to ring main feeder I and the other is connected to ring main feeder 2. The ring
main feeder is connected to SS1 via SF6 CB and isolators. Each SS bus has two bus PTs to
measure the bus voltage. SS1 connected to SS2 via II-line isolators and similarly, SS2 is
connected to SS3 via 2-ltne isolators. These isolator may be in open or closed position
normally. The line isolator connecting SS3 and SS4 is normally held open position. The
other 11 KV bus or (incomer 2) is connected to ring main feeder 2. It is connected to SS6
bus via SF6 CB and a isolator. SS6, SS5, SS4 are connected in a similar way to SS1, SS2,
SS3. The line PT is connected to every line connecting substation to measure the line
voltage.

38
STATION:
6.6 KV BUS (OBCA OR OBCB)
• O-STATION
• B-ELECTRICAL
• C-6.6 KV
• A/B-BUS A OR BUS B
There is a bus coupler between OBCA and OBCB buses which closes when one of these is
left uncharged due to supply failure. LHS, AHS, CWPH, and CWP-3, tie to 1BBA and
2BBA in the case of OBCA and tie to 1BBB and 2BBB in the case of OBCB bus.And also,
to 0.4KV bus through a step-down transformer.

STATION 0.4KV BUS:

This buses are used to feed lighting panels, service building distribution board.
and ventilation and air conditioning devices.

39
UNIT 0.4KV BUS:

Normally 0.4KV unit section 1BFA is fed from 1BFT01 Transformer and 1BFC
bus from 1BFA section keeping the bus coupler between 1BFA and 1BFC in closed condition
.Similarly, 1BFB & 1BFD are fed from 1BFT02 transformer.
When the AC supply fails in 0.4 KV unit bus 1BFA and if the supply in 1BFB
bus healthy, supply fed from 1BFB by automatically closing the tie-breaker between 1BFA
& 1BFB then the failure section 1BFA & 1BFC become live. Similar in the case when the
supply in the 1BFB bus fails then it is fed from 1BFA.If AC supply is not resumed in 1BFA
& 1BFC or 1BFB & 1BFD then it results in the opening of the respective bus coupler
between 1BFA & 1BFC or 1BFB & 1BFD and auto start impulse will be sent to DG house.
When DG set starts 1BFC & 1BFD will get DG set supply. Emergency MCC, emergency
lighting DB, turbine auxiliaries MCC, soot blower, and boiler valves are connected to these
buses. The flash supply for the generator is given from the BJI bus. There will be a similar
arrangement for unit 2 also.
In TPS-I, 220KV is stepped down to 33K V and obtained in TPS I Expansion.
Here the line PT senses the 33KV voltage and is stepped down by transformers available in
the station and borewell transformers.The station transformer OBCT01 (where 0 station
/common B-electrical, C-6.6KV, A-A bus) and OBCT02 of each capacity 30MVA steps
down to 33 KV. In 11 KV system there are two transformer to feed borewell pumps. There
are two 11 KV buses and a bus coupler between both buses.
The station supply of 6.6KV is given to two bus bars OBCA and OBCB. It
connects the loads AHS through a 2 transformers of each capacity 1750KVA, CWPH
through 2 transformers each of capacity 1600KVA, lighting transformer OBHT 04 and
OBHT 05 through of capacity 1000KVA and service transformer OBHT 01, OBHT 02,
OBHT 03, OBHT 04, OBHT 06, OBHT 07 each of-capacity 1600KVA. Tie lines and bus
coupler are available. For LHS 6.6 tie feeder are available from OBCA & OBCB.

49
CIRCUIT BREAKER[52]:

An electrical circuit breaker is a switching device that can be operated manually

and automatically for controlling and protecting an electrical power system. Here , SF6 CB

used due to its fast recombination property after arc extinction and excellent insulating

property.

400 KV SWITCH YARD DIAGRAM:

46
 PROTECTION SYSTEM:CORONA
RINGS:
Corona rings are used to reduce power loss due to corona discharge, Corona
discharge (also known as the corona effect) is an electrical discharge caused by
the ionization of a fluid such as air surrounding a conductor that is electrically
charged. The corona effect will occur in a high voltage system unless sufficient
care is taken to limit the strength of the surrounding electric field. Corona
discharge can cause an audible hissing or cracking noise as it ionizes the air
around the conductor. This is common in high voltage electric power
transmission lines.

LIGHTING ARRESTERS:

The lightning arrester protects the electrical equipment from lighting. It is

placed very near to the equipment and when the lighting occurs the arrester
diverts the voltage way of lighting to the ground. The lighting mast is used in
the switch yard which helps to protect the equipment at about 30 degrees of
angle from the lighting and also surge arrester is used to protect the
transformer from the traveling waves.

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3.2 CONCLUSION:

This internship period proved to be a useful one. We got to see what we learned
in the theory being applied practically in a professional environment. Also, we
had a great chance of learning some concepts in-depth and interacting with
people who were experts in their respective subjects.
Thus, the visit to various sites of the thermal power station (TPS- 1 Expansion)
under the guidance of respective guides, officers, and trainees provided
knowledge of the construction, working, and advancement of various electrical
systems.
NLC INDIA LIMITED is having great responsibility to power states like Tamil
Nadu and its neighboring states like Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Pondicherry
[Union Territory], etc. Neyveli Thermal power stations are very efficient as they
can produce 1MW power in just 0.693% of manpower which justifies its motto
"PROVEN VALUES POWERFUL VISION" as it is meant to stand successfully
marching towards "NAVRATNA".

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