Management Approaches and Control Techniques
School of Graduate Studies
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Unpacking Teacher Tardiness: Causes and Administrative Strategies for
Promoting Punctuality in an Educational Institution
Andrea M. Juanatas
Teacher 1, Department of Education / Saavedra Saway Central Elementary School
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Abstract— Font size: 10, Times New Roman, Bold.
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I. INTRODUCTION
One of the problems being encountered by the
schools at present is the performance of their teachers
in terms of their tardiness that really affects their flow
of work. Employee’s tardiness is a phenomenon that
is common in many organizations. This has been a
perennial problem of many companies and has a big
impact on the employee’s productivity and
performance, as well as to the organization as a
whole. It will affect their performance and as such it
ruins not only the image of the school but also the
performance of the employees and students. Tardy
teachers affect more than just their own productivity;
yes, they are not technically getting work done when
they are late (Belcher, 2012).
Tardiness not only affects colleagues, but also to a
much greater degree, the students. However, the
negative implications remain the same. Kearney,
Plax, Hays, and Ivey (1991) reported on teacher
misbehaviours, that is, behavior by a teacher that
negatively interferes with student learning or
instruction. Tardy instructors were included under
this undesirable label as students felt such teachers
were indolent, as they did not appear to give high
regard to the students and their learning. The
researchers warned that teacher misbehaviours could
negatively influence teacher credibility and the
students’ respect and liking for the teacher, which
may lead to a decrease in learning.
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Mindanao State University
General Santos City
According to the Civil Service Commission,
tardiness is defined simply as the failure to arrive at a
time set; lack of punctuality or not arriving on time.
This definition inevitably implies that an officer or
employee may, in one working day, incur tardiness
twice--one in the morning and another in the
afternoon. Hence, in just five days, it is possible for
said officer or employee to be tardy ten (10) times.
Any employee shall be considered habitually tardy if
he incurs tardiness, regardless of the number of
minutes, ten (10) times a month for at least two (2)
months in a semester or at least two (2) consecutive
months during the year. For the first violation, the
employee, after due proceedings, shall be meted the
penalty of 6 months and 1 day to 1 year suspension
without pay. For the second violation, and after due
proceedings, he shall be dismissed from service.
Aims of the Study
This study focuses on the teachers of Saavedra
Saway Central Elementary School located at Purok
Maguindanao, Labangal, General Santos City. The
school is managed by Norha Tan Marohombsar,
Principal II. The school has 102 teaching personnel
and 4 non-teaching personnel. The official time
followed is at 7:15 A.M to 4:30 P.M. All teaching
and non-teaching personnel are required to utilize the
Biometrics and attendance logbook for daily log in
and log out (15 minutes before the time in the
morning, log out during noon break not earlier than
12:00 noon, log in after noon break not earlier than
12:30 P.M. and log out in the afternoon after 15
minutes from the prescribed time). Although with
clear rules and strict guidelines, tardy employees are
still evident and around 5 teachers commit habitual
tardiness. Considering this data, it can be predicted
that it may also happen in other schools. As such, this
paper aims to pose the following questions:
1. What are the causes of tardiness of teachers?
 Management Approaches and Control Techniques
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2. What are the administrative strategies for
promoting punctuality in the school?
II. HEADINGS AND SUBHEADINGS
Main headings shall include The Problem,
Theoretical Framework, Discussion, and Conclusion.
Subheadings must be in italic form, Times New
Roman, 10. It must be listed in capital letters.
III. TABLES AND FIGURES
Positioning Figures and Tables: Table heads
should appear above the tables in capital letters.
Figure captions should be below the figures in
uppercase and lowercase letters. Insert figures and
tables after they are cited in the text. Use the
abbreviation “Fig. 1”, even at the beginning of a
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TABLE I. TABLE TYPE STYLES
Table Table Column Head
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Head Subhead Subhead
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Figure 1. Captions of figures should be as short as
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Consider the following When the names of the
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following example:
Wirth and Mitchell (1994) found that
although there was a reduction in insulin
dosage over a period of two weeks in the
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School of Graduate Studies
Mindanao State University
General Santos City
treatment condition compared to the control
condition, the difference was not statistically
significant.
b) When the authors of a source are not part of
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authors and year of publication appear in
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Reviews of research on religion and health
have concluded that at least some types of
religious behaviors are related to higher levels
of physical and mental health (Gartner,
Larson, & Allen, 1991; Koenig, 1990; Levin &
Vanderpool, 1991; Maton & Pargament, 1987;
Paloma & Pendleton, 1991; Payne, Bergin,
Bielema & Jenkins, 1991)
[Note: & is used when multiple authors are
identified in parenthetical material. Note also
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example:
Reviews of the research on religion and
health have concluded that at least some types
of religious behaviors are related to higher
levels of physical and mental health (Payne,
Bergin, Bielema, & Jenkins, 1991).
Payne at al. (1991) showed that …
e) When a source that has six or more authors is
cited, the first author’s surname and “et al.”
are used every time the source is cited
(including the first time).
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sources that you have actually read. When it is
necessary to cite a source that you have not
read (“Grayson” in the following example)
that is cited in a source that you have read
(“Murzynski & Degelman” in the following
example), use the following format for the text
citation and list only the source you have read
in the References list:
Grayson (as cited in Murzynski &
Degelman, 1996) identified four components
 Management Approaches and Control Techniques
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of body language that were related to
judgments of vulnerability.
g) To cite a personal communication (including
letters, emails, and telephone interviews),
include initials, surname, and as exact a date as
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B.F. Skinner (personal communication,
February 12, 1978) claimed …
h) To cite a Web document, use the author-date
examples: Degelman (2009) summarizes
guidelines for the use of APA writing style.
Changes in Americans’ views of gender
status differences have been documented
(Gender and Society, n.d.)
i) To cite the Bible, provide the book, chapter
and verse. The first time the Bible is cited in
the text, identify the version used. Consider
the following example:
“You are forgiving and good, O lord,
abounding in love to all who call to you”
(Psalm 86:5, New International Version).
[Note: No entry in the References list is
needed for the Bible.]
B. Quotations:
When a direct quotation is used, always include
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a) A quotation of fewer than 40 words
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b) Consider the following example:
c) Patients receiving prayer had “less
congestive heart failure, required less
diuretic and antibiotic therapy, had fewer
episodes of pneumonia, had fewer
cardiac arrests, and were less frequently
intubated and ventilated” (Byrd, 1988,
p.829).
d) K. A lengthier quotation of 40 or more
words should appear (without quotation
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in block format, with each line indented
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School of Graduate Studies
Mindanao State University
General Santos City
V. REFERENCES
References in the text should be cited with the authors’
names and date of publication.
The list of references should be unnumbered and arranged
alphabetically and, for the same author, chronologically.
Format: Times New Roman, Font Size 9, The references
(with hanging indent) begin on the line following the
References heading. Entries are organized
alphabetically by surnames of first authors. Most
reference entries have the following components:
Authors: Authors are listed in the same order as specified in
the source, using surnames and initials. Commas
separate all authors. When there are eight or more
authors, list the first six authors followed by three
ellipses (…) and then the final author. If no author is
identified, the title of the document begins the
reference.
Year of Publication: In parentheses following authors, with
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Source Reference: Includes title, journal, volume, pages
(for journal article) or title, city of publication,
publisher (for book). Italicize titles of the books, titles
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Electronic Retrieval Information: Electronic retrieval
information may include digital objectifiers (DOIs) or
uniform resource locators (URLs). DOIs are unique
alphanumeric identifiers that lead users to digital source
materias
Journal article with DOI Murzynski, J., & degelman, D.
(1996). Body language of women and judgments of
vulnerability to sexual assault. Journal of Applied
Social Psychology, 26, 1617-1628. Doi:10.1111/j.1559-
1818.1996.tb00088.x
Journal article without DOI, print version Koenig, H.G.
(1990). Research on religion and mental health in later
life: A review and commentary. Journal of Geriatic
Psychiatry, 23, 23-53.
Journal article without DOI, retrieved online [Note: For
articles retrieved from databases, include the URL of
the journal home page. Database information is not
needed. Do not include the date of retrieval.] Aldridge,
D. (1991). Spirituality, healing and medicine. British
Journal of General Practice, 41, 425-427. Retrieved
from http://www.rcgp.org.uk/publications/bjgp.aspx
Book Paloutzian, R.F. (1996). Invitation to the psychology
of religion (2nd ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
Informally published Web document Degelman, D.
(2009). APA style essentials.
Informally published Wed document (no date) Nielsen,
M.E. (n.d.). Notable people in psychology of religion.
Retrieved from
http://www.psywww.com/psyrelig/psyrelpr.html
Informally published Wed document (no author, no
date) Gender and society. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://www.trinity.edu/~mkearl/gender.html
 Management Approaches and Control Techniques
School of Graduate Studies
Mindanao State University
General Santos City
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