MCHS Grade 9 Science 1st Term

2nd Quarter: Chemistry

1) Introduction to Chemistry
2) Atoms and its particles
3) Chemical bonding
4) Structures of Carbon compounds
5) Organic compounds
6) Mole concepts
7) Percentage Composition
8) Empirical and Molecular Formulas
MCHS Grade 9 Science 1st Term
UPDATE: RECITATION RUBRICS

Rubric for
recitation shall be
posted for
reference.

MCHS Grade 9 Science 1st Term

UPDATE: REQUIREMENTS FOR 2nd QUARTER

1) Periodic table will be

provided
2) Scientific calculator is
needed during the
end part of (mole
concept)
3) E-books (2nd Quarter)
will be used from time
to time

MCHS Grade 9 Science 1st Term

 Goal Setting
• Write your concrete goals for the
second quarter

• What do you want to improve? How

would you improve them?

• Consider this as your starting attitude

J
Research Task:
Atoms
Research Output/ SW 2.1
(pairwork)

MCHS Grade 9 Science 1st Term

 Genyo upload
1. What does Dalton’s
Atomic Theory state?
2. What were the
drawbacks of Dalton’s 4.
Theory? (What were
disproved later?)
3. Describe the following
parts of the atom / sub-
atomic particles based
on their charge, 5.
location in the atom, 6.
and their size:
a. electron
b. neutron
c. proton
Define the following
characteristics of an
atom:
a. Atomic Number
b. Mass Number
c. Neutron Number
What is an isotope?
What is a periodic table?
At the end of the period, you should be able to
answer the following general questions:

1) What is Dalton’s atomic theory?

2) What makes up an atom?
3) What are subatomic particles?
4) How do atoms differ from each
other?

MCHS Grade 9 Science 1st Term

Dalton’s Atomic Theory
1. All matter is composed of small, indivisible
particles, called atoms.

2. All atoms of a given element are identical

both in mass and in chemical properties.
Atoms of different elements have different
masses and different chemical properties.

MCHS Grade 9 Science 1st Term

Dalton’s Atomic Theory

3. Atoms are not created, destroyed, or

converted into other kinds of atoms in
chemical reactions.

4. Atoms combine in simple, fixed, whole-

number ratios to form compounds.

MCHS Grade 9 Science 1st Term

What were the
drawbacks of
Dalton’s Theory

MCHS Grade 9 Science 1st Term

 Drawbacks of Dalton’s Theory

1. Atoms can further be subdivided into

elementary particles like protons, neutrons
and electrons.

2. Atoms of the same element can have

slightly different masses, these are called
isotopes.
What makes up an
atom?

MCHS Grade 9 Science 1st Term

Inside an Atom
Location of Subatomic Particles

electrons

protons

neutrons
 Sub-Atomic Particles
Part of Atom Charge Location Mass/Size
(amu)

Electron - negative outside .0006 amu

nucleus (too small to
count)
OR 1/1837

Proton + positive inside 1 amu

nucleus

Neutron no charge inside 1 amu

nucleus
What is a periodic
table?

MCHS Grade 9 Science 1st Term

 Periodic Table of Elements

l represents physical and chemical

behavior of elements

l arranges elements by increasing atomic

number

l repeats similar properties in columns

known as chemical families or groups
Periodic Table
 How do you
differentiate one
atom with the other?

MCHS Grade 9 Science 1st Term

 Atomic Number (Z)
•The number of protons in an atom of
an element is called its atomic
number.

◦ The atomic number is indicated

consecutively from left to right.

•Atoms of different elements differ by

the number of protons in their
nucleus.

•All atoms of an element have the

same number of protons.
Mass Number (A)

◦ the number of protons and

neutrons in the nucleus of an
element’s atom

◦ is the sum of the atomic number

(Z) that represents the protons and
the neutrons which are not
explicitly indicated in the PTE.

A=Z+N
Neutron Number (N)

• the number of neutrons in

the nucleus of an element’s
atom

N=A-Z
 Atomic Number (Z) and
Mass Number (A)

Z
N= A – Z
= 107.9 – 47
A N= 60.9
Check Point: Determine the number of
protons in one atom of each element:
1. Nitrogen (N)

a) 5 protons b) 7 protons c) 14 protons

2. Sulfur (S)

a) 32 protons b) 16 protons c) 6 protons

3. Barium (Ba)

a) 137 protons b) 81 protons c) 56 protons

 Solution 1
State the number of protons for atoms of each of the
following:

1. Nitrogen

b) 7 protons

2. Sulfur

b) 16 protons

3. Barium

c) 56 protons
 Number of Electrons in a
Neutral Atom (no net charge)

l number of electrons = number of protons

l number of electrons = Atomic number (Z)

Examples:
 Isotopes

l are variants of an element with different

neutron numbers

l They still have the same proton and

electron numbers.
Using the Periodic Table
n Mass Number
35.5 – Represented by the letter “A”
Cl – Total AVERAGE mass of Protons +
Neutrons
17
n Symbol/ Element Symbol
– “Shorthand” for the element – Note
2nd letter is always lowercase

n Atomic Number
n Represented by the letter “Z”
 DRILL 1
Fill-in the missing data without using a periodic table

MCHS Grade 9 Science 1st Term

DRILL 1
A Z P+ e- n0
Element (Mass (Atomic protons electrons neutron
Number) Number)

1) 82 2) 3) 125

112 4) 5) 6) 7)

F 19 9 8) 9) 10)

He 11) 12) 2 13) 2

K 39 14) 19 19 15)
 A Z P+ e- n0
(Mass (Atomic protons electrons neutron
Element Number) Number)

207 82 82 82 125

112 48 48 48 64

F 19 9 9 9 10

He 4 2 2 2 2

K 39 19 19 19 20