Year 10 genetics revision

1. For each of the words below match the definition.

Genotype a) A recessive gene carried on the X chromosome

homozygous b) A version of a gene
Sex- linked c) When both genes for a trait are the same
Phenotype d) Where the fittest organisms survive and reproduce
allele e) A chromosome that is not a sex chromosome
heterozygous f) A cell division that produces gametes
mutation g) The genes present in an organism
meiosis h) A structure that no longer has an apparent purpose
autosomes i) The gradual change in the genetics of a poulation
pedigree j) When both genes for a trait are different
Vestigial k) The appearance of an organism
structures
Natural l) A sudden and permanent change in the genetics of an organism
selection
evolution m) The appearance of an organism
Crossing over n) Where two genes must be present for a characteristic to be
expressed
Independent o) The exchange of genetic material between homologous
assortment of chromosomes during meiosis
chromosomes
Sexual p) The random distribution of homologous chromosomes during
reproduction gamete formation
Recessive q) A type of reproduction involving male and female gametes
characteristic

2. Give two examples of sex linked conditions that occur in humans:

3. In pea plants tallness is dominant to shortness which is recessive. The correct genotype for a
heterozygous tall plant is

TT Tt ST Ts

4. The phenotype for a short plant is

ss SS tt short

5. Two hybrid pea plants are crossed. Use a punnet square to determine the genotypic and
phenotypic ratios among the offspring.

Genotypes

Phenotypes
 6. Haemophilia is a sex linked characteristic. If a female carrier has a genotype represented by
XHXh give the genotype of the following

A normal male

A haemophiliac female

A haemophiliac male

7. Why do males show a greater incidence of haemophilia than females?

8. A normal male reproduces with a woman who is known to be a carrier for colour blindness.
Use a punnet square to determine the genotypes of the children

9. Why are the chances of a daughter being born colour blind zero.

10. A student drew the following pedigree for haemophilia.

If shaded individuals have the condition write the genotype for each individual

11. A student drew the following pedigree for a curved nose

How do you know the condition is not sex linked?

12. Give the genotypes of both parents.

 13. Eye colour in some flies is expressed as intermediate inheritance. When a red eyed fly is
crossed with a white eyed fly the resulting offspring all have pink eyes. Use a punnet square
to identify the genotypic and phenotypic ratios when two pink eyed flies are mated.

Genotypes

Phenotypes

14. Which two of the following is not an important source of variation:

i. Independent assortment of chromosomes,
ii. crossing over
iii. mutation
iv. Evolution
v. natural selection and

15. Sequence the following statements to explain the process of evolution

The use of antibiotics selected for the bacteria that had this gene
Many years ago a mutation occurred which made a bacterium able to survive some
types of antibiotics
These bacteria survived more often than those without immunity and the frequency of
the resistant gene was increased in the population
The offspring of these bacteria were more likely to possess the immune gene

16. Sequence the following statements about speciation

The finches who hunt in the earliest dawn or latest dusk eat more moths than those
finches awake during only the daylight hours
A mutation occurred making some finches tend towards a nocturnal life style while
others hunted during the day
Finches living in a forested woodland on the mainland survive by eating a variety of
different insects
The frequency of the mutated gene rose in the population
A storm carries a small flock of these finches to an island where there are few insects
but many nocturnal moths
The island finches could not mate with the mainland finches because they were
awake at different times of the day
A storm carried some of the island finches back to the mainland after many many
generations

17. Name three forms of evidence that support the theory of evolution.