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New species of shore flies from

Hong Kong and Taiwan (Diptera :
Canaceidae)
a
Mercedes O. Delfinado
a
Entomology Department , University of Hawaii ,
Honolulu , Hawaii , 96822 , U.S.A.
Published online: 08 May 2012.

To cite this article: Mercedes O. Delfinado (1971) New species of shore flies from
Hong Kong and Taiwan (Diptera : Canaceidae), Oriental Insects, 5:1, 117-123, DOI:
10.1080/00305316.1971.10433997

To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00305316.1971.10433997

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 -Vol. 5 (t) : 117-124 ORIENTAL INSECTS January 1971
•

NEW SPECIES OF SIIORE FLIES FHOl\I HONG KONG

AND TAIWAN (DIPTERA : CANACEIDAE)l

By Mercedes D. Delftnado
Entomology Department, Unh'ersityof Hawaii.
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Honolulu. Hawaii 96822, U.S.A.

AnSTRACT. Four new species of Canaceidue from Hong Kong and Taiwan are
described and figured, belonging to the genera Procan(lce and Nocl/callilce. These are: P.
talwal/{msis. P. helldeli, N. Ii/ora/is and N. sinensis.

A series of canaceid sp:!cimens in the B.P. Bishop Museum collection represents

four undescribed species: two of Nocticanace Malloch from Hong Kong nnd
Taiwan, and two of Procanace from Taiwan. The new distribution records of
Nocticanaee have now extended the mnge of the genus to southern China. The
genus Procanacc, as recogniz!d here, includes species (P. cresson; Wirth and
P. taiwancnsis, sp. nov.) with well-developed posterior ocellars. e.g. as strong as
the anterior occllars. and the arisla not haired to the tip. The latter is a unique
feature of P. tailVanensis, sp.nov. Other characteristics of {he genus are as. given
by Wirth (1951: 253).
Nothing is definitely known of the breeding habitats of the new species
described here; it can only be assumed that they are found along the seacoasts.
It was observed jn this study that the eggs of certain species show very interesting
aspects. The chorionic ornamentations (reticulate pattern) of Nocticanace
litoralls. sp. nov. and N. sinensis, sp.nov. are basically similar to those of
P. taiwanensls, sp.nov., but the latter species differs by having the characteristic
papilla. The other known egg with similar chorionic pattern and non-papillate
is Canac(oides nuda(us, of authors. not Cresson, as figured by Williams 1938 :
109, fig. 47). The non-papillate feature of the eggs has also bcen observed in
the Hawaiian canaceids (in preparation). Significantly, chorionic ornamentation.
oval shape and non-pnpillate features of the eggs of known species of Nocticanace.
Procanace and Canaceoldes provide further evidence for the affinity of the genera.
However. the relation of P. ta/wanensls, sp. nov. will remain u matter for
speculation until the eggs of other species hnve been obserevd. It should also
be noted elsewhere that the C! and ~ terminaliu of lalwal1l!ns/s, sp.nov. arc unlike

1. Published with the IIpproval of the Director or the Hawaii Agrl.:ulture Experlment
Stilt/on as Journal Serie. No. 1195.

Published April 1971

 118 ORIENTAL INSECTS Vol. 5, No.1

any other known species which to me raise some doubts of including it in

Procanace.
Holotypes are in the D.P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii; paratypes
will be deposited in the U.S. National Museum, Washington, D.C., and British
Museum (Natural History), London.
I am grateful to Miss Setsuko Nakata for the loan of tbe specimens upon
which this study is based.

1. Procanace talwancnsis, sp. nov. (Figs. 1-4)

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This species is readily recognizable 'from any other species by having strong
posterior ocellars and the arista not haired to the tip; the female having well
sc\erotized somewhat tubular sternum 8 in contrast to tbe plate-like structures
of the others, and the spermathecae each with a long sc\erotized neck. The
J surstyli are very short. about 4 X as broad as long. posteriorly covered with
numerous short hairs and anteriorly with a small finger-like process.
Male and Female: Moderately large, greyish·brown speck-so Frons seen from
in front reddish·brown, approximately as broad as long, narrowing toward an-
tennae ; ocellar triangle blacldsh with thin olive pruinosity, only slightly J aised ;
face. cheeks and c1ypeus greyish-olive poIlinose; frons anteriorly with 10-11
fairly strong hairs; no interfrontals ; 6·7 short hairs inside ocellar triangle;
ocellars strong, posteriors welI developed as strong as anterior ocellars ; 3 strong
genals, occasionally with a short, weak seta between; 3 pairs of strong orbitals
nnd short setae between. Face high, medianly prominent between antennae,
with a ridge separating face from cheeks; oral margin slightly emarginate.
Antenna brown, third segment orbicutate, finely pubescent; arista swollen at
base, not haired to the tip. Palpus brownish·yellow. slender with 4-5 fine hairs.
Mesonotum and scutellum brown pollinose. with a few short hairs scattered
anteriorly; 4 pairs of dorsocentrals ; no prescutellars ; I humeral; 2 notopleurals
4 marginal scutellars, occasionally with 1-3 discal setae. Pleuron olive-grey
pollinose ; meso-and sternopleuron each with 1 bristle and a few short hairs.
Wing brownish, about 2.5 mm long; squama yellowish with short whitish fringe.
Haltcre yellow. Legs yellowish tinged with olive or bluish-grey pruinosity ;
front tarsomeres 3-4 ventrally each with distal pair of flattened, spatulate spines;
c1nws short, slender. Abdomen predominantly olive-grey pollinose with brown
dusting dorsally. Female lamellae (Fig. 3) long. slender, curved, each with a
very large flattened apical spine, 2 small ones subapically, a few spinules scattered
dorsally and 1 long hair on ventral side. Tergum 7 fused with sternum meeting
narrowly dorsally; tergum 8 (Fig. 3) with 4 very long marginal hairs and 6 shorter
ones between. Sternum 8 somewhat tubular, well sclerotized, posteriorly with a
pair of plates each bearing 10-12 short spines; sternum 9 large (Fig. 2) subquad-
rate, well scJerotized, lacking long hairs. Atrial sclerotization complete, oval in
outline. 2 spcrmathecae as in Figure 1. Male surstylus (Fig. 4) yellow in situ,
 1971 DELFINADO : ON SIIORE FLIES FROM IIONG KONG AND TAIWAN 119

separated from (epandrium) tergum 9, very short, about 4 x as broad as long.

posterior end covered with numerous yellow short hairs. anteriorly with a small
finger-like process bearing a few short hairs.
llolotype~, TAIWAN: Yehtiu Beach, Taipei Hsien, 29.31.Hi.1965, Coli. C.M.
Yoshimoto & B. O. Perkins. Paratypes 12~~, 8~~, same data and locality as
holotype (30-0-, 2~~ each in U.S. National Museum & British Musuem).

2. Pro canace hendcli, sp. nov. (Figs. 5-7)

This species is distinguished from other members of Procan(lce by the yellow
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tarsomeres 1-3, 4·5 being dark brown; by the brown frons, and by the small
bow-shaped sternum 9 lacking long hairs of ~ abdomen. It is related most
closely to P. williamsi Wirth in coloration and chaetotaxy, but /umdeli, sp.nov.
differs by having straight posterior margin of 9 sternum 7, it being deeply cleft
medially in williams/.
Female: A small predominantly grey pollinose species. Frons brown with
grey fronto-orbital margins and ocellar triangle; ocellar triangle slightly raised;
no interfrontals ; 3 pairs of orbitals and short setae between; anterior ocellars
strong. posteriors very wenk ; 7-8 very short hairs scattered on anterior frons.
Face, cheeks and clypeus grey pollinose; 3 strong gcnals and very short hairs
between. Antenna brown with yellowish spot on inner side of. base; third
segment longer than wide. rounded distally, pubescent; arista haired to tip.
PaJpus yellow. lacking long hairs. Mesonotum grey with thin brownish pruinosity;
4 pairs of dorsocentrals ; no prescutellars ; 1 humeral; 2 notopleurals. Sc~\tellum
entirely grey pollinose, with 4 marginals, no discal setae. Pleuron grey, with 3
short hail'S on mesopleuron, 1 on sternopleuron. Wing length about 2.25 mm,
clear; squama and fringe whitish. Haltere yellow. Femora grey pruinose;
tibiae brownish-yellow; tarsomeres 1-3 yellow; 4·5 dark brown. Because front
tarsomeres were glued te cardboard, the distal spines were not observed; claws
slender, c.urved. Abdomen olive-grey with very thin brown dusting. ~ lamellae
as in Figure 7, each with 2 very large spines and 1 short hair on ventral side.
Tergum 8 (Fig. 7) with 4 very long hairs on posteriol' margin: 7 separated from
sternum 9 (Fig. 6) very small, bow-shaped, lacking long hairs; posterior plates
on sternum each bearing 7 stout blUnt spines. Atrial sclerotizalioll oval. 2
spermathecae rounded, without neck as in Fig. 5.
Male: Unknown.
}[olotype~, TAIWAN: Wulai, Taipei Hsien. 150 m, 23.x.l96S, Call. T.C.
Maa. Paratypc 1 ~, same data and locality as ho)otype.

3. Noctlcanace Iltoralls. sp. nov. (Figs. 8·1 t)

The female of this species is distinguished from other members of Noel/canace
by the rectangular shape of sternum 9 slightly produced medinnly and with 3
 120 ORIENTAL INSECTS Vol. 5. No.1

long hairs on each posterolateral corner. The male surstyli are incompletely
separated from tergum 9, deeply cleft into 2 subequal lobes.
Male and Female.' A small greyish-brown species. Frons seen from in front
dark brown, somewhat greyish pruinose; frontal triangle slightly prominent.
anteriorly reaching beyond halfway to frontal margin; ocellar triangle flat;
3 pairs of strong orbital and shan setae between; 1 pair of strong interfrontals ;
anterior ocellars strong. posteriors weak, very small. Face. cheeks and clypeus
grey pollinose ; upper face prominent between antennae; 3 !.trong gena)s and
1·2 very short hairs ventrally out of line. Antenna dark brown. third segment
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longer than wide. pubescent. rounded distally; arista swollen at base. haired to
tip. Pal pus dark brown. slender with a short bristle at apex. Mesonotum
bl'O\\<l1. with thin grey pruinosity. a few short hairs scattered anteriorly. 4 pairs
of dorsocentrals ; 1 humeral; only posterior notop!eura! present; scutellum with
4 marginal scutellars. without discal setae. Pleuran brown. grey polJinose;
mesopleuron with 3 short bristles ar.d a few very short hairs; 1 fairly long
bristle on sternopleuron plus 1·2 very short hairs. Wing about 2.0 mm long.
squama and fringe brownIsh. Ualtere yellowish. Legs dark brown with thin
grey pruinosity ; distal spines of tarsomt'res 3-4 small. not at all differentiated
from other spines; claws sickle-shaped, noticeably long~r in malt.. Abdomen
nearly black, very thinly grey pollinose. Female lamellae (Fig. 10) each with 1
very large somewhat flattened apical spine, dorsally a smaller one and 2 spinules
1 long hair on ventral side. Tergum 8 (Fig. 10) with 2 vcry long hnirs ; sternum
8 with posterior plates each bearing 5·6 long. curved spines; sternum 9 (Fig. 9)
rcct(lngular with posterior margin produced medianly. 3 long hairs on each
posterolateral corner. Atrial sclerotization oval, complete. 2 spermathecae as
in Figure 8. Male surstylus (Fig. 11) incompletely separated from (epandrium)
tergum 9, deeply cleft into 2 unequal lobes, a short inner lobe bearing a group of
spine-like setae on ventral side and a long. blunt outer lobe with 2 prominent
short setae distally.
lIolotype J. TAIWAN: Yehliu Deach. Taipei Hsien, 29-31.iii.1965. CoIl.
C.M. Yoshimoto & D.O. Perkins. Paratypes 2 JJ. 2 <f''t? same data and locality
as holotype. IJ l<f,' ill U.S. National Museum.

4. Noctlcnnace sinensis, sp. nov. (Figs. 1215)

This species is very difficult to distinguish by external characters from Iilo-
ralis. sp. nov. It can be recognized with certainty only by the characters of
J and ~ terminalia.
Female.' Exact coloration cannot be determined because the specimens aro
greasy. Jlead and thoracic chaetotaxy as in Ii/ora/is. sp.noY. Wing length about
2.5 mm. fuscous ; squama and fringe brownish. llaltere yellowish-brown. Legs
brown to dark brown ; distal spines on front tarsomeres 3·4 fairly strong
lanceolate; tarsal claws rather short.. Female lamellae lFig. 14) each with n very
 1971 DELFINADO : ON snORE fLIES moM I10NG KONG AND TAIWAN ]21

large apical spine, a smaller subapical one and spinulcs scattered dorsally, 1
moderately tong hair on ventral side. Tergum 8 (Fig. 14) with 2 very long hairs;
sternum 9 (Fig. 13) small, rounded posteriorly, with 6 short marginal setae 2 of
which are noticeablY stronger than others; sternum 8 with posterior plates each
bearing a group of 5 large, curved spines. Atrial sclerotlzation elongate oval.
2 spermathecae as in Figure 12. Male tergum 8 ventrally narrowly produced;
surstylus (Fig. 15) incompletely separated from tergum 9 (epandrium), simple,
not divided and bluntly pointed with 8·9 short spines and setae en outer posterior
margin.
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Ilololype ~ (greasy), HONG KONG: N.T. Sai Kung Station, 5.iii.1965, ColI.
W.J. Voss, Jr. & Hui Wai Ming, light trap. Paralypes 2<f!<f!, same data and locality
as holotype, except 27.L·3J.iii.196S, 10' (headless), 8.xii.I964.

REFERENCES

WILLIAMS, F.X. 1938. Diological studies in Hawaiian waler-loving insects. Part IT, Dipteru
or flies. A, Ephydridue and Anthomyiidae. Proe'. IIm1'(liiClII Ell!. Soc. 10: 35·J J9,
I tig.9 pIs. I

WIRTU, W.W. 1951. A revision or the diplerolls family Cllnaceit'ae. B.P. Bishop M/lv. Oce.
Papers 20 : 24S·27S, 6 figs.
WIRTH, W.W. 1969. The shore flies of the genus Canact'oidt'.f Cresson (Dip1ern:
Cnnaceidae). Prot'. Calif, Acnd. Sci. (4) 36: SSI·S70, 35 ligs.
 122 ORIENTAL INSECTS Vol. S, No.1
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FillS. J·1. P. faiwanenlll, sp. nov. : 1, 9 spermatbecae: 2, sterna 7,8,9 & atrial
5clerotization (S.1,8, 9 & a); 3, teraulll 8 & lamellae (1·8): 4, (l'surslylus(s),
e-epandrium. P. hen dell. sp. nov. ; S, 9 sperlllalhecae: 6, sterna 1,8,9 & atrial
sclerotlzalion i 1, terllum 8 & lamellae.
 1971 DELFINA DO : ON SHORn fLlllS FROM 1I0NO KO!110 AND TAIWAN 123
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FiBS. 8-1S. N. IIforalls, ap. nov. : 8, ~ spermathecae; 9, ~ Iterna 7, 8.

9 & atrial sclerolization; 10, ~ tersum 8 & lamellae; II, 3' Burstylus.
N. sinensis, sp. nov.: 12, 9 spermathecae; 13, 9 sterna 7, 8.9& atrial
aclerotizatlon ; 14. 9 tergum 8 & lamellae; IS, 3' suutylus.