CATABOLISM

Carbohydrate catabolism is the breaking down or digestion of carbohydrate molecules into smaller units.

FUNCTIONS
 To provide raw materials for the synthesis of other molecules
 To provides chemical energy required for many activities.
Energy produced by respiration process in MITOCHONDRIA in the form of ATP (Adenosine
Triphosphate). ATP is utilized by all living things to carry out life activities.

CELL RESPIRATION

Respiration Process
✘ Aerobic Respiration ✘ Anaerobic respiration
 Is the burning of fuel molecules that involves  Does not utilize oxygen as its final acceptor
oxygen. of electrons during formation of ATP
 Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in ATP  Anaerobic is also fermentation process.
formation

Carbohydrates enter respiration process in the form glucose. Therefore, carbohydrates

(polysaccarides) must be converted into glucose (monosaccharides) through digestion process.

AEROBIC RESPIRATION
Aerobic respiration occur in four stages
1. GLYCOLISIS Occur in cytoplasm of cell
1) energy-requiring;
2) energy-releasing steps

INPUT OUTPUT
1 molecule glucose 2 H2O
2 ATP 2 piruvate acid
2 NAD+ 2 ATP
2 NADH

GLYCOLISIS RESULT
2 H2O, 2 Piruvate Acid, 2
NADH and 2 ATP
 2. OXIDATIVE DECARBOXILATION Occur in in matrix mitochondria
the product of glycolysis, to enter the next pathway, it must undergo several changes to become
acetyl Coenzyme A (acetyl CoA). 
INPUT OUTPUT
2 piruvate acid 2 Acetyl CoA
2 NAD+ 2 NADH
2 Co-A 2 CO2
3.

OXIDATIVE DECARBOXILATION
RESULT
2 Acetyl CoA , 2 NADH, 2 CO2

3. KREBS CYCLE (citric acid cycle)

The krebs cycle occurs in matrix mithocondria

INPUT OUTPUT
2 Acetyl CoA 2 Coenzym A
6 NAD+ 4 CO2
2 H2O 6 NADH
2 FAD+ 2 ATP
2 ADP 2 FADH2

KREBS CYCLE RESULT

2 Coenzym A, 4 CO2, 6 NADH, 2 ATP, 2 FADH2

4. ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN Occur in inner membrane of mitochondria

ATP Synthetase

IMPORTANT CONCEPT
1 NADH = 3 ATP
1 FADH = 2 ATP

INPUT OUTPUT Glycolysis

2 ATP  2 ATP
2 Acetyl CoA 2 Coenzym A 2 NADH  6 ATP
6 NAD+ 4 CO2 Oxidative Decarboxilation
2 H2O 6 NADH 2 NADH  6 ATP
2 FAD+ 2 ATP Krebs Cycle
2 ADP 2 FADH2 6 NADH  18 ATP
OUTPUT ELECTRON TRANSPORT 2 FADH2 4 ATP
CHAIN 2 ATP  2 ATP
========================
Total = 38 ATP
 Glycolysis
2 NADH  6 ATP
Oxidative Decarboxilation
2 NADH  6 ATP
Krebs Cycle
6 NADH 18 ATP
2 FADH2  4 ATP
========================
Total = 34 ATP

Total ATP : 38 ATP – 2 ATP (energy used for transporting NADH to innermembrane) = 36 ATP

ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION

LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION ALCOHOL FERMENTATION

Occurs in human muscle during demending Occurs in yeast (Saccaromyces cereviseae)

activities when blood cannot properly fulfill their (Fermentasi Alkohol
oxygen requirements (Fermentasi asam laktat)
RESULT:
RESULT: 2 ATP, 2 Ethanol, and 2 CO2
2 ATP and 2 Lactic Acid