GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 (FINAL TERM)

LEARNING ACTIVITY # 4 CALCULATING ATP

NAME: Erandio Angela P. SECTION: 11-Stem Gauss

CALCULATING ATP YIELD

Cellular Respiration is a series of Redox
reactions that eventually yield to the
extraction of energy from Glucose
molecule into a more usable form as
ATP molecules. In the presence of
oxygen, Aerobic Respiration occurs.
Aerobic Respiration is occurring as a
series of redox reactions but is generally
divided into 4 Main Pathways:

• Glycolysis
• Formation of Acetyl-CoA
• Citric Acid Cycle and
• Oxidative Phosphorylation

GLYCOLYSIS

• Complete the table by listing the Reactants and the Final products of Glycolysis.
REACTANTS PRODUCTS
Glucose (6-carbon sugar) 2 molecules of Pyruvate (3-carbon
compounds)
2 NAD+ (Nicotinamide adenine 2 NADH (Reduced form of NAD+
dinucleotide)
2 ATP 2 ADP
4 ADP (Adenosine diphosphate) 4 ATP (2 ATP produced, 2 ATP used)

• How many total ATP is produced during Glycolysis?

- a net of 2 ATP molecules are produced per molecule of glucose. Initially, 4 ATP
molecules are produced, but 2 ATP are used in the early steps, leaving a net gain of
2 ATP molecules per glucose molecule.

• How many NADH/NADPH and FADH is produced during this Pathway, enumerate
them below.
- 2 NADH molecules are produced per molecule of glucose during glycolysis.
FADH (flavin adenine dinucleotide) is not directly produced during glycolysis. FADH
is typically associated with the later stages of cellular respiration, such as the Citric
Acid Cycle.

• Did this Pathway use any ATP? If so, how many net ATP is produced by the cycle?
- Yes, glycolysis involves both ATP consumption and production. In the early steps of
glycolysis, there is an investment of 2 ATP molecules per glucose molecule.
However, in the later steps, 4 ATP molecules are produced. Therefore, there is a net
gain of 2 ATP molecules per glucose molecule during glycolysis.
FORMATION OF ACETYL-COA

• Complete the table by listing the Reactants and the Final products of this pathway.
REACTANTS PRODUCTS
2 molecules of Pyruvate (from glycolysis) 2 molecules of CO2 (carbon dioxide)
2 NAD+ (Nicotinamide adenine 2 molecules of NADH
dinucleotide)
2 CoA (Coenzyme A) 2 molecules of Acetyl-CoA

● How many total ATP is produced during this step in Aerobic Respiration?
- 30-36 of ATP per 1 molecules of glucose

• How many NADH and FADH is produced during this Pathway?

- 6 NADH, 2 FADH2

• Did this Pathway use any ATP? If so, how many net ATP is produced by the cycle?
- The net production of ATP is not directly associated with this pathway;

• How many NET ATP and NADH are produced so far up to this stage of Aerobic
Respiration?
- Net ATP: 2 ATP (from glycolysis)
NADH: 4 NADH (2 from glycolysis + 2 from the formation of Acetyl-CoA)

Citric Acid Cycle

• Complete the table by listing the Reactants and the Final products of the Citric Acid
Cycle.
REACTANTS
2 molecules of Acetyl-CoA
6 NAD+ (Nicotinamide adenine
dinucleotide)
2 FAD (Flavin adenine dinucleotide)
2 ADP (Adenosine diphosphate) + 2 Pi
(Inorganic Phosphate
PRODUCTS
4 molecules of CO2 (carbon dioxide)
6 molecules of NADH (Nicotinamide
adenine dinucleotide, reduced)
2 molecules of FADH2 (Flavin adenine
dinucleotide, reduced)
2 ATP (Adenosine triphosphate)

● How many total ATP is produced during Citric Acid Cycle?

- Since the citric acid cycle turns twice for each glucose molecule (since two
molecules of acetyl-CoA enter the cycle), you can multiply this by 2
2(cycles)×1(ATP/cycle)=2ATP

• How many NADH and FADH is produced during this Pathway, enumerate them
below.
- 10 NADH (including 2 from glycolysis) 2 FADH.

• Did this Pathway use any ATP or NADH? If so, how many net ATP is produced by
the Citric Acid Cycle?
- The net ATP production directly from the Citric Acid Cycle is 2 ATP equivalents per
glucose molecule.
 • How many NET ATP and NADH are produced so far up to this stage of Aerobic
Respiration?
- Up to the end of the Citric Acid Cycle, including glycolysis, the formation of Acetyl-CoA, and
the Citric Acid Cycle, the net ATP and NADH production per glucose molecule is
Net ATP: 6 ATP
NADH: 10 NADH

ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN

• During Electron Transport Chain, the

NADH and FADH molecules are used
by the Electron Transport System to
generate ATP.
• The NADH molecule passes 2
electrons into complex I. Complex I
and Complex III each pump 4 protons
and complex IV pumps 2 protons.
Complex II is not involved in the ETC
initiated by NADH molecule. Therefore
10 protons pumped per NADH
molecule.
• The FADH2 passes 2 electrons to
complex II but only Complex III and
Complex IV pumps protons, each pumping 4protons and 2 protons respectively. This
totals to 6 Protons pumped per FADH molecule.
• During ATP synthesis, 4 Protons are used to produce 1 ATP molecule.

In order to identify how many NADH and FADH2 are produced during the preceding pathways, complete
the Table below

Aerobic Respiration Pathway NADH Molecules produces FADH2 Molecules produced

Glycolysis 2 (per glucose) 0
Formation of Acetyl-CoA 2 (per glucose) 0
Citric Acid Cycle 6 2
Total 10 2

• How many Total NADH molecules are produced?

- Glycolysis: 2 NADH (per glucose)
Formation of Acetyl-CoA: 2 NADH (per glucose)
Citric Acid Cycle: 6 NADH (per glucose, since there are 3 NADH produced per turn,
and the cycle turns twice)
- So, a total of 10 NADH molecules are produced in glycolysis, the formation of
Acetyl-CoA, and the Citric Acid Cycle for each glucose molecule

• How many FADH2 molecules are produced?

- Glycolysis: 0 FADH2 (per glucose)
Formation of Acetyl-CoA: 0 FADH2 (per glucose)
Citric Acid Cycle: 2 FADH2 (per glucose, since there is 1 FADH2 produced per turn,
and the cycle turns twice)
- So, a total of 2 FADH2 molecules are produced in glycolysis, the formation of
Acetyl-CoA, and the Citric Acid Cycle for each glucose molecule.
In order to identify how many ATP, the ATP synthase can produce for each NADH and FADH
produced during the preceding pathways, complete the table below.

A B C D E
Electron Carrier Total Protons Total Protons ATP
Molecules molecules pumped by Protons Required to molecules
produced each electron pumped produce produced by
during aerobic carrier from the and ATP the ATP
respiration molecule energy in molecule synthase
the ECM
(A x B)
NADH 10 NADH 3 protons 3 x 10 = 30 4 protons 3 ATP
molecules
FADH2 2 FADH2 2 protons 2x2=4 2 protons 2 ATP
molecules

• How many ATP is produced from the NADH molecules?

- The number of protons required to produce one ATP is often considered to be
around 3 for NADH.

• How many ATP is produced from the FADH2 molecules?

- The number of protons required to produce one ATP is often considered to be
around 2 for FADH2.

• How many total ATPs are produced in the entire Aerobic Respiration?
- 38 ATP per glucose molecule.

• How can you compare the ATP produced during the Electron Transport Chain and
during Glycolysis? Can you compare it in-terms of percentage of ATP produced?
- based on my research This comparison highlights that the majority of ATP
production (around 94% or more) occurs through Oxidative Phosphorylation (ETC)
compared to a smaller percentage (around 6% or less) from Glycolysis in the
process of aerobic respiration.

• How can you compare the ATP produced during the Electron Transport Chain and
during Citric Acid Cycle? Can you compare it in-terms of percentage of ATP
produced?
- same as comparing electron transport chain and glycolysis This comparison
emphasizes that the majority of ATP production (around 94% or more) occurs
through Oxidative Phosphorylation (ETC) compared to a smaller percentage
(around 6% or less) from the Citric Acid Cycle in the process of aerobic respiration.
Keep in mind that these percentages are theoretical estimates and may vary in
actual biological systems.