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ﺍﻟﻌﻁﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﻣﻬﺎ ﻣﻭﺍﺿﻊ ﻓﺗﺢ ﺇﻥ ﻭﻛﺳﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺟﻣﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻭﺿﻊ ﺣﺎﻝ} :ﻛﻣﺎ ﺃﺧﺭﺟﻙ ﺭﺑﻙ ﻣﻥ ﺑﻳﺗﻙ ﻣﺛﺎﻝ :ﺇﻥ ﺯﻳﺩﺍ ﻟَﻁﻌﺎﻣﻙ ﺁﻛﻝ
ﻣﻣﺗﻧﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﺣﻕ ﻭﺇﻧﻪ ﻓﺭﻳﻘﺎ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺅﻣﻧﻳﻥ ﻟﻛﺎﺭﻫﻭﻥ{ ﺑﺷﺭﻁ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺗﻭﺳﻁ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻻﺳﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺧﺑﺭ ،ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﻛﻭﻥ
ﺍﻟﺧﺑﺭ ﻣﻣﺎ ﻳﺻﻠﺢ ﺩﺧﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻳﻪ
ﻣﺛﺎﻝ} :ﺇﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﻟﻬﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﺻﺹ ﺍﻟﺣﻕ{
ﻣﻊ ﺇﻥ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻭﻟﻛﻥ
ﻣﺛﺎﻝ :ﻋﻠﻣﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺯﻳﺩﺍ ﻗﺎﺋﻡ ﻭﻋﻣﺭﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﺭﻓﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﻣﻭﻝ ﺧﺑﺭﻫﺎ
ﺑﺷﺭﻁ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺗﻭﺳﻁ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻻﺳﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺧﺑﺭ
ﺟﺎﺋﺯ ﻣﺛﺎﻝ :ﺇﻥ ﺯﻳﺩﺍ ﻟﻳﺫﺭ ﺍﻟﺷﺭ
ﻣﺛﺎﻝ ﺁﺧﺭ :ﻣﺎ ﺯﻳﺩ ﻗﺎﺋﻣﺎ ،ﻟﻛ ّﻥ ﻋﻣﺭﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﻣﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺻﻝ
ﺑﻌﺩ ﺍﺳﺗﻛﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺧﺑﺭ ﺗﻧﺻﺏ ﺍﻻﺳﻡ ﻭﺗﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺧﺑﺭ ﻋﻣﻠﻬﺎ
ﻣﻧﻁﻠﻕ ﻭﺧﺎﻟﺩ ﻣﺛﺎﻝ} :ﻭﺇﻧﻪ ﻟﻐﻔﻭﺭ ﺭﺣﻳﻡ{
ﺑﺷﺭﻭﻁ :ﻣﺅﺧﺭﺍ ﻣﺛﺑﺗﺎ
ﻏﻳﺭ ﻣﺎﺽ ﻣﺗﺻﺭﻑ ﺇﻻ
ﺇﻧﻣﺎ ﺯﻳﺩ ﻗﺎﺋﻡ ﺇﻥ ﻭﺃﺧــﻭﺍﺗـﻬـﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺑﺭﻫﺎ
ﺇﻥ ﺳﺑﻕ ﺑـﻘﺩ ﻣﺛﺎﻝ :ﺇﻥ ﺯﻳﺩﺍ ﻟﻘﺩ ﻗﺎﻡ
ﺩﺧﻭﻝ ﻻﻡ ﺍﻻﺑﺗﺩﺍء )ﻳﺧﺗﺹ ﺑﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻛﺳﻭﺭﺓ(
ﻳﺑﻁﻝ ﻋﻣﻠﻬﺎ )ﺇﻥ ،ﺃﻥ ،ﻟﻳﺕ،
ﺩﺧﻭﻝ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺯﺍﺋﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻳﻬﺎ ﻟﻛﻥ ،ﻟﻌﻝ،ﻛﺄﻥ( ﻣﻌﻧﺎﻫﺎ
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﻣﻬﺎ ﺑﺷﺭﻁ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺗﺄﺧﺭ ﻣﺛﺎﻝ} :ﻭﺇﻥ ﻟﻙ َﻷﺟﺭﺍ ﻏﻳﺭ ﻣﻣﻧﻭﻥ{
ﺧﺑﺭﻫﺎ
ﻳﺑﻘﻰ ﻋﻣﻠﻬﺎ ﻳﺣﺫﻑ ﺍﺳﻣﻬﺎ ،ﻭﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﺿﻣﻳﺭ ﺷﺄﻥ ﻭﻗﺩ ﻳﻅﻬﺭ ﺍﺳﻣﻬﺎ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻏﻳﺭ ﺿﻣﻳﺭ
ﺍﺳﻣﻬﺎ ﺧﺑﺭﻫﺎ ﺷﺄﻥ :ﺑﺄﻧﻙ ﺭﺑﻳﻊ ﻭﻏﻳﺙ ﻣﺭﻳـﻊ ﻣﺛﺎﻝ ﺁﺧﺭ :ﻓﻠﻭ ﺃﻧﻙ ﻓﻲ ﻳﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺭﺧﺎء ﺳﺄﻟﺗﻧﻲ
ﻳﺟﻭﺯ ﺗﻘﺩﻳﻡ ﺍﻟﺧﺑﺭ ﻭﺗﺄﺧﻳﺭﻩ ﻣﺛﺎﻝ :ﻟﻳﺕ ﻓﻳﻬﺎ ﻏﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﺑﺫﻱ
ﻭﺃﻧﻙ ﻫﻧﺎﻙ ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺛﻣﺎﻻ ﻁﻼﻗـﻙ ﻟﻡ ﺃﺑﺧﻝ ﻭﺃﻧﺕ ﺻﺩﻳﻕ
ﺟﻣﻠﺔ ﺍﺳﻣﻳﺔ
ﺟﻣﻠﺔ ﺍﺳﻣﻳﺔ :ﻛﺄﻥ ﺯﻳﺩ ﻗﺎﺋﻡ ﻣﺻﺩﺭﺓ :ﺃﺷﻬﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﷲ
ﺭﻭﻱ ﺇﺛﺑﺎﺗﻪ :ﻛﺄﻥ ﻅﺑﻳﺔً ﺗﻌﻁﻭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻭﺍﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﺳـﻠﻡ ﻻ ﻳﺣﺗﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻓﺎﺻﻝ ،ﺇﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺻﺩ ﺍﻟﻧﻔﻲ
*ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺎﻟﺭﻓﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺫﻑ ﺍﻻﺳﻡ ،ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻧﺻﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻣﻠﺔ ﻓﻌﻠﻳﺔ ﻣﺻﺩﺭﺓ ﺏ"ﻟﻡ": ﺟﻣﻠﺔ ﻓﻌﻠﻳﺔ ﻓﻳﻔﺻﻝ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻭﺧﺑﺭﻫﺎ ﺣﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﻧﻔﻲ
ﻣﺟﺭﺩﺓ} :ﻭﺁﺧﺭ ﺩﻋﻭﺍﻧﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺣﻣﺩ � ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻣﻳﻥ{
ﺣﺫﻑ ﺍﻟﺧﺑﺭ ،ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺟﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﺻﻝ )ﻛﻅﺑﻳﺔٍ( ﻭﺃﻥ }ﻛـﺄﻥ ﻟﻡ ﺗﻐـﻥ ﺑﺎﻷﻣـﺱ{ ،ﺃﻭ
ﻳﺣﺫﻑ :ﻛﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﺷﻳﺦ ﺣﺎﺿﺭ
ﺯﺍﺋﺩﺓ ﻣﺻﺩﺭﺓ ﺑـ"ﻗﺩ" :ﺃﻓﺩ ﺍﻟﺗﺭﺣﻝ
ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻘﺩﻳﺭ :ﻛﺄﻧـﻪ ﺍﻟﺷﻳﺦ ﺣﺎﺿﺭ
ﻏﻳﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺭﻛﺎﺑﻧﺎ ﻟﻣﺎ ﺗﺯﻝ ﺑﺭﺣﺎﻟﻧﺎ، ﻓﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﺗﺻﺭﻑ
ﻭﻛﺄﻥ ﻗﺩ ﻓﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﺟﺎﻣﺩ )ﻏﻳﺭ ﻣﺗﺻﺭﻑ( ﺃﻭ ﺩﻋﺎء