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Flying Colours Social Science (Class 9)
Assertion-Reason-Based Questions
The questions below consist of statements of an Assertion and a Reason. Use the following keys to
choose an appropriate answer.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true and R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
HISTORY
Chapter 1: The French Revolution
1. Assertion (A): The French Revolution sowed the seeds of a democratic society.
Reason (R): The monarchy came to an end and King Louis XVI was sent to the
guillotine.
2. Assertion (A): The new middle class despite having wealth enough to afford luxurious
goodsused by the nobility were restricted from it under the ancient regime.
Reason (R): The third estate was composed of a wide variety of people practicing different
professions.
3. Assertion (A): The three estates gathered together in the Estates General after 175 years
underthe reign of Louis XVI.
Reason (R): The Estates General was the only body in France which could impose new taxes
andmake new laws.
4. Assertion (A): In July, 1789 a mob gathered on the streets of France and started
marchingtowards the prison of Bastille.
Reason (R): There was a rumour that the king had ordered troops to march into Paris and all
theirammunition was stored in the Bastille fortress.
5. Assertion (A): The constitution of 1791 did not grant equal voting rights to men and women.
Reason (R): Women in France did not play any role in the revolution.
Chapter 2: Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution
1. Assertion (A): The French Revolution opened up the possibility of creating a dramatic change in
the way in which societies were structured around the world.
Reason (R): Everyone in Europe wanted a complete transformation of society.
2. Assertion (A): Many people supported the women’s suffrage movements.

Reason (R): Radicals wanted a nation in which the government would be based on the majority
of a country’s population.
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3. Assertion (A): Unemployment was common, particularly during times of low demand for
industrial goods.
Reason (R): Industrialisation brought large numbers of men, women and children from the
countryside to work in the factories.
4. Assertion (A): Some nationalists, liberals and radicals wanted revolutions to put an end to the
kind of governments established in Europe in 1815.
Reason (R): Nationalists wanted nations where everyone would have equal rights.
5. Assertion (A): Workers in England and Germany formed associations.

Reason (R): The living and working conditions of the working classes were very poor.
Chapter 3: Nazism and the Rise of Hitler
1. Assertion (A): During the Second World War, Germany had waged a genocidal war.
Reason (R): Hitler’s worldview was based on his belief in the superiority of the Aryan race.
2. Assertion (A): In the German polity, war and genocide were two sides of the same coin.
Reason (R): For Hitler, in order to build a strong German society, the youth was required to be
indoctrinated with Nazi ideology.
3. Assertion (A): After the First World War, the soldiers came to hold a respectable position in the
German society.
Reason (R): Trench life was glorified and rebuilding Germany’s military power became a
dominant thought in the public minds.
4. Assertion (A): The political atmosphere in Berlin was charged with demands for Soviet-style
governance.
Reason (R): The Weimar government received considerable applause and support in the German
society.
5. Assertion (A): Hitler promised employment for the unemployed, and a secure future for the
youth.
Reason (R): Hitler’s speaking and skills and passion had a strong influence on the people of
Germany.

Chapter 4: Forest Society and Colonialism
1. Assertion (A): The introduction of railways in 1853 increased the demand for sleepers.
Reason (R): 9.3 per cent of the world’s total area was cleared for industrial uses, cultivation,
pastures and fuelwood between 1700 and 1995.
2. Assertion (A): After independence, the governments in Asia and Africa have tried to integrate
the local communities in the processes of forest conservation and management.
Reason (R): The idea of conserving and maintaining the forests have gained much importance,
thereby causing the introduction of forest management involving the local communities.
3. Assertion (A): There was problem of timber supply for the British Royal Navy.
Reason (R): The oak forests in England were rapidly disappearing.
4. Assertion (A): Within a decade, trees were being felled on a massive scale and vast quantities of
timber were being exported from India.
Reason (R): The British government introduced new land revenue systems to ensure smooth
development of forest flora and fauna across India.
5. Assertion (A): The Imperial Forest Research Institute was set up at Dehradun in 1876.
Reason (R): The 1878 Act divided forests into three categories: reserved, protected and village
forests.
Chapter 5: Pastoralists in the Modern World
1. Assertion (A): The Gujjar Bakarwals of Jammu and Kashmir are cattle-herders.
Reason (R): The dry scrub forests in Jammu and Kashmir provided good pasture for their herds.
2. Assertion (A): The Konkani peasants gave supplies of rice which the shepherds took back to the
plateau where grain was scarce.
Reason (R): The sheep could not tolerate the wet monsoon conditions.
3. Assertion (A): The colonial state wanted to transform all pastures into cultivated lands.
Reason (R): Land revenue was one of the main sources of the colonial government’s finance.
4. Assertion (A): The Forest Acts led to improvement in the lives of the pastoralists.
Reason (R): Through Forest Acts, some forests which produced commercially valuable timber were
declared as ‘reserved’, thereby restricting the local community’s access to collect produce.

5. Assertion (A): The colonial government wanted to rule over a settled population which they
could control and govern.
Reason (R): British officials were suspicious of the nomadic pastoralists.
GEOGRAPHY
Chapter 6: India-Size and Location
1. Assertion (A): North India and South India have different climate patterns.
Reason (R): The Equator plays a major role in deciding the climate of the Northern and
SouthernHemispheres.
2. Assertion (A): After 1869, ships took less time to travel from Europe to Asia.
Reason (R): The opening of the Suez Canal cut down distance to Asia by about 7000 kms.
3. Assertion (A): The difference between day and night is very less at the Indira Point.
Reason (R): Duration of day and night is almost the same at the Equator.
4. Assertion (A): India has a coastline of 7516.6 kms but it is not the longest coastline in the world.
Reason (R): Norway has a coastline of 58,133 kms which is the longest in the world.
5. Assertion (A): Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh do not have any ports.
Reason (R): Both are landlocked states.
Chapter 7: Physical Features of India

1. Assertion (A): The Northern Plains receives a significant amount of rainfall making it apt
foragriculture.
Reason (R): The Himalayas act as a barrier between the Plains and the harsh climatic
conditionsof Central Asia.
2. Assertion (A): Kashmir and Himachal Himalayas were also known as Punjab Himalayas.
Reason (R): These hills have several glaciated valleys.
3. Assertion (A): Most of the islands of Andaman are made up of limestone, sandstone and shale.
Reason (R): Most of these islands have a volcanic origin.
4. Assertion (A): The Eastern Ghats are a long continuous chain of mountains.
Reason (R): They are lower in height compared to the Western Ghats.
5. Assertion (A): The area between Ghaggar and Tista is a doab.
Reason (R): The Northern plains are formed of alluvium brought in by the Indus, Ganga and

Brahmaputra.
Chapter 3: Drainage
1. Assertion (A): Rivers along with their tributaries may be called a river system.
Reason (R): Most of the Himalayan rivers are perennial by nature.
2. Assertion (A): Brahmaputra is known as the Tsang Po in Tibet.

Reason (R): The Brahmaputra is slightly longer than the Indus, and most of its course lies
outside of India.
3. Assertion (A): Most of the major peninsular rivers such as the Mahanadi, the Godavari, the
Krishna and the Kaveri flow eastwards and drain into the Bay of Bengal.
Reason (R): The Deccan Plateau has a sloping profile.
4. Assertion (A): Lakes are of great value to human beings.

Reason (R): A lake helps to regulate the flow of a river.
5. Assertion (A): More and more water is being drained out of the rivers thereby reducing their
volume.
Reason (R): The growing domestic, municipal, industrial and agricultural demand for water from
rivers naturally affects the quality of water.
Chapter 4: Climate
1. Assertion (A): Climate refers to the state of the atmosphere over an area at any point of time.
Reason (R): The elements of weather and climate are not the same.
2. Assertion (A): There are perceptible regional variations in climatic conditions within the country.
Reason (R): India has a ‘monsoon’ type climate.
3. Assertion (A): The amount of solar energy received varies according to latitude.
Reason (R): The direction of the mountains with respect to the winds determines the intensity of the
rainfall to be received by a place.
4. Assertion (A): During winter, a high-pressure area is formed in the north of the Himalayas.
Reason (R): During winter, the rays of the Sun are overhead the Tropic of Cancer due to which
most of the Northern Hemisphere is cold.

5. Assertion (A): There is a complete reversal of the direction of winds during summer.
Reason (R): A low-pressure area develops over interior Asia as well as over northwestern India.
Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation and Wildlife
1. Assertion (A): India occupies tenth place in the world and fourth in Asia in plant diversity.
Reason (R): India has about 47,000 plant species.
2. Assertion (A): Little natural vegetation can be found on a levelled fertile land.
Reason (R): The nature of land influences the type of vegetation.
3. Assertion (A): Southern slopes of the Himalayas have sparse vegetation compared to its
northern slopes.
Reason (R): The photoperiod of the northern slope is less than the southern slope.
4. Assertion (A): There is a variation in duration of sunlight at different places.

Reason (R): Tropical evergreen forests can be found in areas receiving well-distributed heavy
rainfall throughout the year.
5. Assertion (A): Tropical Deciduous Forests are the most widespread forests in India.
Reason (R): Tropical Deciduous Forests do not require a lot of water.
Chapter 6: Population
1. Assertion (A): Study of the population of a country is a pivotal element in social studies.
Reason (R): Population is the point of reference from which all other elements and issues in society
are observed.
2. Assertion (A): It is important to know how many people are living in a country.
Reason (R): Human beings are producers and consumers of earth’s resources.
3. Assertion (A): The first complete census, however was taken in the year 1881.
Reason (R): The Indian Census is the most comprehensive source for demographic, social and
economic data.
4. Assertion (A): India is one of the most densely populated countries of the world.
Reason (R): Population density is calculated as the number of persons living in per unit area.
5. Assertion (A): The rate of growth started declining gradually post 1881.

Reason (R): The population increased by 182 million people in the 1990s alone.
ECONOMICS
Chapter 1: The Story of Village Palampur
1. Assertion (A): The residents of Palampur practice multiple professions including
farming,rickshaw-pulling, shopkeeping, labouring, handicraft manufacturing, etc.
Reason (R): The majority of the population in Palampur is engaged in agriculture.
2. Assertion (A): Possession of land, labour and capital is not enough for production.
Reason (R): Production is heavily dependent on the human skills and knowledge involving the
use of available resources.
3. Assertion (A): The residents of Palampur self-sufficient when it comes to goods that they
needon a daily basis.
Reason (R): Every person produces more than their need and sell the surplus in the market to
earn money which they use to buy other goods.
4. Assertion (A): Most of the residents engage in trade and manufacturing in Palampur.
Reason (R): Land is an important resource in Palampur.
5. Assertion (A): Palampur farmers are dependent on the monsoons for irrigating their fields.
Reason (R): Multiple cropping is practiced in the village.
Chapter 2: People as Resource

1. Assertion (A): A country’s economy is stronger if its working population is educated
andhealthy.
Reason (R): Education and health play a major role in determining the quality of the population.
2. Assertion (A): Change of technologies contributes to loss of employment.
Reason (R): Technical unemployment is one of the various types of unemployment.
3. Assertion (A): A person engaged in farming activities as a labourer does not have a stable
cycleof employment.
Reason (R): Employment is available only during the sowing and harvesting season and not
theentire year.
4. Assertion (A): There are several challenges in ensuring equal educational opportunities in
allparts of the country.
Reason (R): Development of the education sector helps in improving the quality of the
population.

5. Assertion (A): Japan has made significant progress in almost all leading industries despite
beinghaving very little natural resources.
Reason (R): It imports most of its resources and get significant help in the form of aid from
foreign countries.
Chapter 3: Poverty as a Challenge
1. Assertion (A): Poverty means hunger and lack of shelter.

Reason (R): Vulnerability to poverty is a measure, which describes the greater probability of
certain communities or individuals of becoming, or remaining poor in the coming years.
2. Assertion (A): The indicators used relate to the levels of income and consumption.
Reason (R): Poverty is looked through social indicators like illiteracy level, lack of general
resistance due to malnutrition, lack of access to healthcare, lack of job opportunities, lack of
access to safe drinking water, sanitation, etc.
3. Assertion (A): ‘A’ is considered poor.

Reason (R): The income of ‘A’ falls below poverty line.
4. Assertion (A): The proportion of people below poverty line is not the same for all social groups
and economic categories in India.
Reason (R): Social groups, which are the least vulnerable to poverty are Scheduled Caste and
Scheduled Tribe households.
5. Assertion (A): There is inequality of incomes within a family.

Reason (R): Women, elderly people and female infants are denied equal access to resources
available to the family.
Chapter 4: Food Security in India
1. Assertion (A): Food security means that all people, at all times, have physical, social and
economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food as per their food preferences and dietary
requirements for an active and healthy life.
Reason (R): The availability of any food is sufficient to ensure food security.
2. Assertion (A): Persons above the poverty line might be food insecure as well.
Reason (R): When a national disaster or tragedy like an earthquake, drought, flood, tsunami,
widespread crop failure leading to famine, etc. occurs in the country, people who are not
considered to be poor may also experience food insecurity.

3. Assertion (A): Restriction on the movement of people, goods and services impact economic
activity.
Reason (R): A large section of people suffer from food insecurity in India.
4. Assertion (A): The food insecure people are disproportionately large in some regions of the
country.
Reason (R): Hunger is an important indicator of food insecurity.
5. Assertion (A): The percentage of seasonal, as well as, chronic hunger has declined in India.
Reason (R): India has been aiming at attaining self-sufficiency in food grains since
independence.
POLITICAL SCIENCE
Chapter 1: What Is Democracy? Why
Democracy?
1. Assertion (A): A country has a democratic government only when the government has
beenelected by the people.
Reason (R): Elections are an integral part of democracy because it allows people to exercise
theirright to vote.

2. Assertion (A): Kwame Nkrumah was an elected leader but soon lost popularity among the
peopleof Ghana.
Reason (R): Nkrumah turned himself into a dictator.
3. Assertion (A): Political equality of all people is ensured in a democracy.
Reason (R): Democracy provides every citizen with the right to vote but votes do not have an
equal value.
4. Assertion (A): It is difficult to achieve equal representation of all groups in a non-
democraticcountry.
Reason (R): In a non-democratic country, the majority often triumphs over the minority.
5. Assertion (A): Delays in decision-making is one of the many flaws of a democracy.
Reason (R): In a democracy, leaders change at regular intervals leading to a lack of political
stability.
Chapter 2: Constitutional Design

1. Assertion (A): The Indian Constitution has the provision of amending certain parts of
theConstitution thus, making it dynamic in nature.
Reason (R): The constitution-makers took inspiration from several ideals and constitutions
around the world to make the Indian Constitution.
2. Assertion (A): The non-white population in South Africa came together to raise their
voiceagainst apartheid.
Reason (R): The non-white population suffered oppression and discrimination at the hands of
thewhite population.
3. Assertion (A): Despite not being elected by the people, the Indian Constituent
Assemblyrepresented the entire nation.
Reason (R): The people of India elected the members of the provincial legislatures who in turn
elected the members of the Constituent Assembly.
4. Assertion (A): The Indian Constitution is dynamic in nature.
Reason (R): Dynamism of the constitution is necessary in order to incorporate the changing
aspirations and goals of the people with the times.
5. Assertion (A): The democratic government formed in South Africa was very different from
itspredecessor.
Reason (R): The new government comprised of the non-white population as a majority
allowingthem to avenge the treatment meted out to them by the white population.

Chapter 3: Electoral Politics
1. Assertion (A): India is a democratic country.

Reason (R): Periodic elections are held in India.
2. Assertion (A): In democratic elections, everyone has one vote and each vote carries an equal
value.
Reason (R): India has a multi-party system.
3. Assertion (A): Elections are all about political competition.

Reason (R): The political parties are in direct competition with one another.
4. Assertion (A): In a democracy, political parties are bound to serve the people.
Reason (R): Political parties are driven only by the desire to be in power.
5. Assertion (A): Special elections or by-elections are also held in a democracy.
Reason (R): Political parties select their candidates from each constituency based on their lineage
and social status.
Chapter 4: Working of Institutions

1. Assertion (A): A Bill does not become a law until the President gives his assent to it.
Reason (R): The President is the head of the state and the highest formal authority in the country.
2. Assertion (A): The Indian Parliament is bicameral in nature.

Reason (R): A unicameral legislature is incapable of taking proper decisions.
3. Assertion (A): A democracy works well when every institution performs its duties.
Reason (R): The government is responsible for ensuring the security and development of its
citizens.
4. Assertion (A): The judiciary is responsible for resolving disputes between citizens and the
government regarding a law or the implementation of a law.
Reason (R): In all democracies, an assembly of elected representatives exercises supreme
political authority on behalf of the people.

5. Assertion (A): Despite being a lower house, the Lok Sabha is more powerful than the Rajya
Sabha.
Reason (R): In a joint session of the Parliament, the Lok Sabha’s decision usually prevails due to
its numerical strength.
Chapter 5: Democratic Rights
1. Assertion (A): Amnesty International is an international human rights organisation.

Reason (R): Many prisoners have protested against prison conditions by going on hunger strikes.
2. Assertion (A): Democracy provides the citizens with certain fundamental rights.
Reason (R): Rights are claims of a person over other fellow beings, over the society and over the
government.
3. Assertion (A): In a democracy, all opportunities and conditions are governed by the rule of law.
Reason (R): Every citizen, from the Prime Minister to a small farmer in a remote village, is
subjected to the same laws.
4. Assertion (A): Freedom of speech and expression is one of the essential features of any
democracy.
Reason (R): According to the Indian Constitution, only the majority community should have the
right to conserve and develop its own culture, language and institutions.
5. Assertion (A): Lakhs of people migrate from villages to towns and from poorer regions of the
country to its prosperous regions
Reason (R): The freedom of movement permits countless numbers of people to move from rural
to urban areas, as well as from less developed nations to more developed nations and major
cities.
SOLUTIONS
HISTORY
Chapter 1: 1 (a), 2 (b), 3 (a), 4 (b), 5 (b)
Chapter 2: 1 (c), 2 (a), 3 (b), 4 (b), 5 (a)
Chapter 3: 1 (b), 2 (b), 3 (a), 4 (c), 5 (b)
Chapter 4: 1 (b), 2 (a), 3 (a), 4 (c), 5 (d)
Chapter 5: 1 (a), 2 (b), 3 (a), 4 (d), 5 (b)
GEOGRAPHY
Chapter 1: 1 (a), 2 (b), 3 (b), 4 (b), 5 (a)
Chapter 2: 1 (b), 2 (c), 3 (a), 4 (b), 5 (b)
Chapter 3: 1 (b), 2 (b), 3 (a), 4 (a), 5 (a)

Chapter 4: 1 (d), 2 (b), 3 (b), 4 (c), 5 (a)
Chapter 5: 1 (a), 2 (a), 3 (d), 4 (b), 5 (c)
Chapter 6: 1 (a), 2 (a), 3 (b), 4 (b), 5 (b)
ECONOMICS
Chapter 1: 1 (a), 2 (d), 3 (b), 4 (d), 5 (d)
Chapter 2: 1 (c), 2 (a), 3 (c), 4 (a), 5 (b)
Chapter 3: 1 (b), 2 (b), 3 (a), 4 (c), 5 (b)
Chapter 4: 1 (c), 2 (a), 3 (b), 4 (b), 5 (a)
POLITICAL SCIENCE
Chapter 1: 1(a), 2(c), 3(a), 4(a), 5(c)
Chapter 2: 1 (b), 2 (b), 3 (c), 4 (c), 5 (d)
Chapter 3: 1 (a), 2 (b), 3 (a), 4 (c), 5 (c)
Chapter 4: 1 (a), 2 (c), 3 (b), 4 (b), 5 (a)
Chapter 5: 1 (b), 2 (b), 3 (a), 4 (c), 5 (a)

Case-Based Passages
HISTORY
Chapter 1: The French Revolution
1. In 1774, Louis XVI of the Bourbon family of kings ascended the throne of France. He was 20
years old and married to the Austrian princess Marie Antoinette. Upon his accession the new
king found an empty treasury. Long years of war had drained the financial resources of France.
Added to this was the cost of maintaining an extravagant court at the immense palace of
Versailles. Under Louis XVI, France helped the thirteen American colonies to gain their
independence from the common enemy, Britain. The war added more than a billion livres to a
debt that had already risen to more than 2 billion livres. Lenders who gave the state credit, now
began to charge 10 percent interest on loans. So, the French government was obliged to spend
an increasing percentage of its budget on interest payments alone. To meet its regular expenses,
such as the cost of maintaining an army, the court, running government offices and universities,
the state was forced to increase taxes. Yet even this measure would not have sufficed. French
society in the eighteenth century was divided into three estates, and only members of the third
estate had the burden of paying taxes while the other two estates were exempted from it.
i. Marie Antoinette belonged to .

a. Australia
b. Austria
c. France
d. Britain
ii. France under Louis XVI was undergoing financial struggles. What was the
singlemost important reason for this?
a. Louis XVI maintained an extravagant lifestyle.
b. France helped America with the independence war.
c. The international wars which France supported and/or participated in
d. There was a limited French tax base.
iii. Why did France increase taxes under Louis XVI?
a. For meeting interest payments
b. For meeting regular expenses
c. For supporting wars
d. For repaying loans
iv. What was the amount of debt France had under Louis XVI?
a. More than 1 billion livres
b. More than 2 billion livres
c. More than 3 billion livres
d. More than 4 billion livres
2. In addition to merchants and manufacturers, the third estate included professions such as
lawyers or administrative officials. All of them were educated and believed that no group in
society should be privileged by birth. Rather, a person’s social position must depend on his
merit. These ideas envisaging a society based on freedom and equal laws and opportunities for
all, were put forward by philosophers such as John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau. In
The Spirit of the Laws,
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Case-Based Passages
Montesquieu proposed a division of power within the government between the legislative, the
executive and the judiciary. This model of government was put into force in the USA, after the
thirteen colonies declared their independence from Britain. The American constitution and its
guarantee of individual rights was an important example for political thinkers in France.
i. According to the members of the third estate .

a. monarch had the divine and absolute right
b. there was a social contract between the people and their representatives
c. the society should be based on education, equality and freedom
d. social position of an individual must be based on merit
ii. Which of the following was a division of power meant to achieve?
a. Prevent concentration of power in the hands of a single body or government organ
b. Help citizens claim privileges of birth
c. A social contract between the people and their representatives
d. It envisioned a society based on freedom and equal laws and opportunities for all
iii. In the Two Treatises of Government, which of the following was proposed by Locke?
a. Subjects have an absolute right to rule by birth.
b. The monarch enjoys an absolute authority to rule by birth.
c. Locke refuted the idea of divine and absolute right to rule by the monarch.
d. None of the above
iv. Who among the following were NOT part of the third estate?
a. Merchants
b. Businessman
c. Lawyers
d. Clergy
Chapter 2: Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution
‘Women workers, often inspired their male co-workers. At the Lorenz telephone factory, Marfa Vasileva
almost single-handedly called for a successful strike. Already that morning, in the celebration of
Women’s Day, women workers had presented red bows to the men, Then Marfa Vasileva, a milling
machine operator stopped work and declared an impromptu strike. The workers on the floor were ready to
support her. The foreman informed the management and sent her a loaf of bread. She took the bread but
refused to go back to work. The administrator asked her again why she refused to work and she replied, ‘I
cannot be the only one who is satiated when others are hungry’. Women workers from another section of
the factory gathered around Marfa in support and gradually all the other women ceased working. Soon the
men downed their tools as well and the entire crowd rushed onto the street.’
A. How was the city of Petrograd divided among its people?

B. What was the ‘Petrograd Soviet’?
Chapter 3: Nazism and the Rise of Hitler
‘For this earth is not allotted to anyone nor is it presented to anyone as a gift. It is awarded by providence
to people who in their hearts have the courage to conquer it, the strength to preserve it and the industry to
put it to the plough. The primary right of this world is the right to life, so far as one possesses the strength
for this. Hence on the basis of this right a vigorous nation will always find ways of adapting its territory to

Case-Based Passages
its population size.’
A. How did Hitler establish a racial state?
B. What were ‘youth organisations’ in Germany responsible for?
Chapter 4: Forest Society and Colonialism
Bhondia collected 400 men, sacrificed a number of goats and started off to intercept the Dewan who was
expected to return from the direction of Bijapur. This mob started on the 10th February, burnt the
Marenga school, the police post, lines and pound at Keslur and the school at Tokapal (Rajur), detached a
contingent to burn Karanji school and captured a head constable and four constables of the State reserve
police force who had been sent out to escort the Dewan and bring him in. The mob did not maltreat the
guard seriously but eased them of their weapons and let them go. One party of rebels under Bhondia
Majhi went off to the Koer river to block the passage there in case the Dewan left the main road. The rest
went on to Dilmilli to stop the main road from Bijapur. Buddhu Majhi and Harchand Naik led the main
body.
A. Who was known as the forest villagers?

B. How did people protest against the reservation of forests?
Chapter 5: Pastoralists in the Modern World
In most places in colonial Africa, the police were given instructions to keep a watch on the movements of
pastoralists, and prevent them from entering white areas. The following is one such instruction given by a
magistrate to the police, in south-west Africa, restricting the movements of the pastoralists of Kaokoland
in Namibia:
‘Passes to enter the territory should not be given to these natives unless exceptional circumstances
necessitate their entering. The object of the above proclamation is to restrict the number of natives
entering the Territory and to keep a check on them, and ordinary visiting passes should therefore never be
issued to them.’
A. How did the new territorial boundaries affect the pastoralists?
B. Traditionally, why did pastoralists move from place to place?
GEOGRAPHY
Chapter 6: India-Size and Location
1. The landmass of India has an area of 3.28 million square km. India’s total area accounts for
about
2.4 percent of the total geographical area of the world. India is the seventh largest country of
the world. India has a land boundary of about 15,200 km and the total length of the coastline
of the mainland, including Andaman and Nicobar and Lakshadweep, is 7,516.6 km. India is
bounded byyoung fold mountains in the northwest, north and northeast. South of about 22°
north latitude, it begins to taper, and extends towards the Indian Ocean, dividing it into two

Case-Based Passages
seas, the Arabian Sea on the west and the Bay of Bengal on its east. The latitudinal and
longitudinal extent of the mainland is about 30°. Despite this fact, the east-west extent appears
to be smaller than the north-south extent. From Gujarat to Arunachal Pradesh, there is a time
lag of two hours. Hence, time along the Standard Meridian of India (82°30'E) passing through
Mirzapur (in Uttar Pradesh) is taken as the standard time for the whole country. The latitudinal
extent influences the duration of day and night, as one moves from south to the north.
i. Which of the following statements is NOT supported by the above passage?

a. India is bounded by fold mountains in north, northeast and northwest.
b. Time at Mirzapur, India is taken as the standard time of the whole of India.
c. The latitudinal and longitudinal extent of the Indian mainland is around 30o.
d. India has a land boundary of around 7,516 km.
ii. Which of the following statements is correct?
a. India is the fifth largest country in the world.
b. India shares boundary with Russia as its northern neighbour.
c. The Tropic of Cancer divided India into two halves.
d. India is located in the southern hemisphere of the earth.
iii. Arabian Sea is located on the of Indian landmass.
a. north
b. south
c. east
d. west
iv. What would be the time difference if you travel from Gujarat to Arunachal Pradesh?
a. One hour
b. Two hours
c. Three hours
d. Four hours
2. The Indian landmass has a central location between the East and the West Asia. India is a
southward extension of the Asian continent. The trans Indian Ocean routes, which connect the
countries of Europe in the West and the countries of East Asia, provide a strategic central
locationto India. Note that the Deccan Peninsula protrudes into the Indian Ocean, thus helping
India to establish close contact with West Asia, Africa and Europe from the western coast and
with Southeast and East Asia from the eastern coast. No other country has a long coastline on
the Indian Ocean as India has and indeed, it is India’s eminent position in the Indian Ocean,
which justifies the naming of an Ocean after it. India’s contacts with the World have continued
through ages but her relationships through the land routes are much older than her maritime
contacts. The various passes across the mountains in the north have provided passages to the
ancient travellers, while the oceans restricted such interaction for a long time. These routes
have contributed in the exchange of ideas and commodities since ancient times.
i. Which of the following is correct regarding land routes?

a. Indian commodities exchange with other countries predominantly takes place through them.
b. There are various mountain passes connecting India to other countries.
c. Indian land routes link India with West Asia and Europe.
d. These routes connect India with maritime locations.
ii. Trans Indian oceanic routes connect Europe to .

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a. East Asia
b. East-Pacific Asia
c. South East Asia
d. South-Pacific Asia
iii. Western coast of India provides connectivity with all of the following, except
a. West Asia
b. Africa
c. Europe
d. South America
iv. Which of the following statement is correct regarding the Indian coastline?
a. No other country has a coastline as long as India.
b. Indian maritime contacts are much older than its land routes.
c. No other country has a longer coastline on the Indian Ocean.
d. Eastern coast has strong connections with Eastern America.
Chapter 7: Physical Features of India

1. These mountain ranges run in a west-east direction from the Indus to the Brahmaputra. The
Himalayas represent the loftiest and one of the most rugged mountain barriers in the world.
Theyform an arc, which covers a distance of about 2,400 Km. Their width varies from 400 km
in Kashmir to 150 km in Arunachal Pradesh. The altitudinal variations are greater in the
eastern halfthan those in the western half. The Himalaya consists of three parallel ranges in its
longitudinal extent. A number of valleys lie between these ranges. The northernmost range is
known as the Great or Inner Himalayas or the Himadri. It is the most continuous range
consisting of the loftiestpeaks with an average height of 6,000 metres. It contains all
prominent Himalayan peaks. The folds of the Great Himalayas are asymmetrical in nature.
The core of this part of Himalayas is composed of granite. It is perennially snow bound, and a
number of glaciers descend from this range. The range lying to the south of the Himadri forms
the most rugged mountain system and isknown as Himachal or lesser Himalaya. The ranges
are mainly composed of highly compressed and altered rocks.
i. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

a. A number of glaciers originate in Himachal Himalayas.
b. The folds of the Himadri are asymmetrical in nature.
c. Himalayas is one of the most rugged mountain barriers of the world.
d. Himalayas have a length of around 2,400 km.
ii. Which of the following ranges is mainly composed of highly compressed and
alteredrocks?
a. Inner Himalayas
b. Lesser Himalayas
c. Outer Himalayas
d. Great Himalayas
iii. Which of the following statements is NOT correct regarding the Great Himalayas?
a. Their core is composed of limestone.
b. They are perennially snow bound.
c. They contain all the prominent Himalayan peaks.
d. They extend till Arunachal Pradesh.

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iv. Which of the following is correct regarding Himalayas?
a. The altitude variations are greater in the western half than the eastern half.
b. They have an average height in excess of 6,000 metres.
c. Inner Himalayas are the most rugged mountain system in the world.
d. The Inner Himalayas is the most continuous range of Himalayas.
2. The Peninsular plateau is a tableland composed of the old crystalline, igneous and
metamorphic rocks. It was formed due to the breaking and drifting of the Gondwana land and
thus, making it apart of the oldest landmass. The plateau has broad and shallow valleys and
rounded hills. This plateau consists of two broad divisions, namely, the Central Highlands and
the Deccan Plateau. The part of the Peninsular plateau lying to the north of the Narmada River,
covering a major areaof the Malwa plateau, is known as the Central Highlands. The Vindhyan
range is bounded by theSatpura range on the south and the Aravalis on the northwest. The
further westward extension gradually merges with the sandy and rocky desert of Rajasthan.
The flow of the rivers draining this region, namely the Chambal, the Sind, the Betwa and the
Ken is from southwest to northeast,thus indicating the slope. The Central Highlands are wider
in the west but narrower in the east.
The eastward extensions of this plateau are locally known as the Bundelkhand and
Baghelkhand.The Chotanagpur plateau marks the further eastward extension, drained by the
Damodar river.

a. The Vindhyan range is bounded by the Satpura range on the South.
b. The Peninsular plateau is made up of old crystalline rocks.
c. They are predominantly drained by the Damodar river.
d. They are part of the oldest landmass.
ii. Which of the following is NOT correct regarding Central Highlands?
a. They cover a major area of Malwa plateau.
b. They are drained by rivers like Chambal, Sind, Betwa, etc.
c. They are wider in the east and narrower in the west.
d. They lie to the north of Narmada River.
iii. Central Highlands and Deccan Plateau are two broad divisions of .
a. Chotanagpur plateau
b. Peninsular Plateau
c. Aravalis
d. Malwa plateau
iv. Which of the following is NOT correct regarding the Peninsular plateau?
a. They are made up of igneous and metamorphic rocks.
b. They are marked with shallow valleys and rounded hills.
c. It was formed by breaking and drifting of Gondwana land.
d. The rivers draining this region flow from southwest to northeast.
Chapter 3: Drainage
The Ganga is joined by many tributaries from the Himalayas, a few of them being major rivers such as the
Yamuna, the Ghaghara, the Gandak and the Kosi. The river Yamuna rises from the Yamunotri glacier in

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the Himalayas. It flows parallel to the Ganga and as a right bank tributary, meets the Ganga at Allahabad.
The Ghaghara, the Gandak and the Kosi rise in the Nepal Himalayas. They are the rivers which flood
parts of the northern plains every year, causing widespread damage to life and property but enriching the
soil for the extensive agricultural lands.
A. What is the source of Ganga?

B. Which are the major rivers that join Ganga from the Himalayas?
Chapter 4: Climate
Climate refers to the sum total of weather conditions and variations over a large area for a long period of
time (more than thirty years). Weather refers to the state of the atmosphere over an area at any point of
time. The elements of weather and climate are the same, that is, temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind,
humidity and precipitation. You may have observed that the weather conditions fluctuate very often even
within a day. But there is some common pattern over a few weeks or months, that is, days are cool or hot,
windy or calm, cloudy or bright, and wet or dry. On the basis of the generalised monthly atmospheric
conditions, the year is divided into seasons such as winter, summer or rainy seasons.
A. How does latitude affect the climate of a region?

B. Which type of climate does India have?
Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation and Wildlife
In mountainous areas, the decrease in temperature with increasing altitude leads to the corresponding
change in natural vegetation. As such, there is a succession of natural vegetation belts in the same order as
we see from the tropical to the tundra region. The wet temperate type of forests is found between a height
of 1000 and 2000 metres. Evergreen broad-leaf trees, such as oaks and chestnuts predominate. Between
1500 and 3000 metres, temperate forests containing coniferous trees, like pine, deodar, silver fir, spruce
and cedar, are found. These forests cover mostly the southern slopes of the Himalayas, places having high
altitude in southern and north-east India. At higher elevations, temperate grasslands are common.
A. Which are the common animals found in montane forests?

B. Which grasslands are used for grazing?
Chapter 6: Population
Assam and most of the Peninsular states have moderate population densities. Hilly, dissected and rocky
nature of the terrain, moderate to low rainfall, shallow and less fertile soils have influenced population
densities in these areas. The Northern Plains and Kerala in the south have high to very high population
densities because of the flat plains with fertile soils and abundant rainfall.
A. How is population density calculated?

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B. What is population growth?
ECONOMICS
Chapter 12: The Story of Village
Palampur
1. During the rainy season (kharif) farmers grow jowar and bajra. These plants are used as cattle
feed. It is followed by cultivation of potato between October and December. In the winter
season(rabi), fields are sown with wheat. From the wheat produced, farmers keep enough
wheat for the family’s consumption and sell the surplus wheat in the market at Raiganj. A part
of the land area is also devoted to sugarcane which is harvested once every year. Sugarcane, in
its raw form, or asjaggery, is sold to traders in Shahpur. The main reason why farmers are able
to grow three different crops in a year in Palampur is due to the well-developed system of
irrigation. Electricitycame early to Palampur. Its major impact was to transform the system of
irrigation. Persian wheels were, till then, used by farmers to draw water from the wells and
irrigate small fields. People saw that the electric-run tube wells could irrigate much larger
areas of land more
effectively. The first few tube wells were installed by the government. Soon, however, farmers
started setting up private tube wells. As a result, by mid-1970s the entire cultivated area of 200
hectares was irrigated.
i. Which of the following is not TRUE about Palampur?

a. Villagers have a symbiotic relationship between them.
b. Agriculture is the only occupation practised in Palampur.
c. All households in Palampur are completely self-sufficient.
d. Palampur has no means of connection to the urban areas.
ii. Why is the land in Palampur fit for growing three different crops?
a. Use of Persian wheels/electric tube wells
b. Use of electric tube wells
c. Presence of well irrigated small fields
d. Efficient use of irrigation facilities
iii. What is the most likely staple food of people of Palampur?
a. Wheat
b. Bajra
c. Jowar
d. Sugarcane
iv. Potato is a .
a. rabi crop
b. kharif crop
c. a or b depending on the region
d. Neither a nor b
2. Out of every 100 workers in the rural areas in India, only 24 are engaged in non-farm activities.
Though there is a variety of non-farm activities in the villages (we have only seen a few
examples), the number of people employed in each is quite small. In the future, one would like

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to see more non-farm production activities in the village. Unlike farming, non-farm activities
requirelittle land. People with some amount of capital can set up non-farm activities. How does
one obtain this capital? One can either use their savings, or could take a loan. Hence, it is
important that loan be available at a low rate of interest so that even people without savings can
start some non-farm activity. Another thing which is essential for expansion of non-farm
activities is to havemarkets where the goods and services produced can be sold. In Palampur,
we saw the neighbouring villages, towns and cities provide the markets with milk, jaggery,
wheat, etc. As more villages get connected to towns and cities through good roads, transport
and telephone, it is possible that the opportunities for non-farm activities in the village would
increase in the coming years.

a. Loans at low interest rate boost non-farm activities.
b. Increase in non-farm activities is desirable.
c. Non-farm activities can significantly increase employment.
d. Majority of rural area workers are engaged in farming activities.
ii. Non-farm activities require .
a. investment in land
b. capital investment
c. labourers
d. strong infrastructure
iii. What is the most common source of capital for non-farm activities?
a. Personal savings
b. Loans
c. Family friends and relatives
d. Government support
iv. What role is played by infrastructure in the expansion of non-farm activities?
a. Infrastructure assists in the production of goods and services.
b. They help in increasing capital availability.
c. They allow movement of labour for supporting non-farm activities.
d. Infrastructure connects villages with the urban markets.
Chapter 13: People as Resources

1. Seasonal unemployment happens when people are not able to find jobs during some months of
the year. People dependent upon agriculture usually face such kind of problem. There are
certain busy seasons when sowing, harvesting, weeding and threshing is done. Certain months
do not provide much work to the people dependent on agriculture. In case of disguised
unemployment people appear to be employed. They have agricultural plots where they find
work. This usually happens among family members engaged in agricultural activity. The work
requires the service offive people but engages eight people. Three people are extra. These three
people also work in the same plot as the others. The contribution made by the three extra
people does not add to the contribution made by the five people. If three people are removed
the productivity of the field will not decline. The field requires the service of five people and
the three extra people are disguised unemployed. In case of urban areas educated
unemployment has become a common phenomenon. Many youths with matriculation,

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graduation and post-graduation degrees are not able to find job. A study showed that
unemployment among graduates and post-graduates has increased faster than among
matriculates.
i. Which of the following is NOT correct regarding educated unemployment?

a. It is common in urban areas.
b. Its growth is higher among more educated youth.
c. It is marked by lack of employable skills.
d. It happens when educated people do not get job.
ii. Seasonal employment is characterised by .
a. labour demand at certain times of the year
b. lack of land for framing
c. lack of required skill set
d. loss of efficiency
iii. What is the best definition of the disguised unemployment?
a. The people engaged in an activity are more than the people required for the activity.
b. Family members of engaged in agricultural activity.
c. Employment which reduces the productivity of the work.
d. Highly educated people employed in jobs which uneducated people can perform.
iv. Seasonal unemployment is often seen in the _.
a. urban areas
b. educated youth
c. agricultural sector
d. uneducated youth
2. 'People as resource' is a way of referring to a country’s working population in terms of their

existing productive skills and abilities. Looking at the population from this productive aspect
emphasises its ability to contribute to the creation of the GNP. Like other resources,
population isalso a resource — a 'human resource'. This is the positive side of a large
population that is often overlooked when we look only at the negative side, considering only
the problems of providing the population with food, education and access to health facilities.
When the existing 'human resource' is further developed by becoming more educated and
healthier, we call it 'human capitalformation' that adds to the productive power of the country
just like 'physical capital formation'. Investment in human capital (through education, training,
medical care) yields a return just like investment in physical capital. This can be seen directly
in the form of higher incomes earned because of higher productivity of the more educated or
the better trained persons, as well as the higher productivity of healthier people.
i. Which of the following statement is NOT supported by the above passage?

a. Human resources contribute to the creation of Gross National Product.
b. Investment in human capital leads to higher human resource productivity.
c. It is possible and desirable to develop human resources.
d. Increase in population leads to higher income for everyone.
ii. What is the best definition of ‘Human Capital Formation’?
a. Population growth
b. Training the population to increase economic growth

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c. Productivity of the people
d. Investment in human capital
iii. Which of the following statement is supported by the passage?
a. Increase in population is always beneficial for the country.
b. Large population has both positive and negative aspects.
c. Increase in population always leads to an increase in Gross National Product.
d. Large population leads to scarcity of resources.
iv. Human capital formation leads to an increase in .
a. productivity of the country
b. physical capital formation
c. increase in investments
d. training and health expenditure
Chapter 3: Poverty as a Challenge
Lakha Singh belongs to a small village near Meerut in Uttar Pradesh. His family doesn’t own any land, so
they do odd jobs for the big farmers. Work is erratic and so is income. At times they get paid Rs 50 for a
hard day’s work. But often it’s in kind like a few kilograms of wheat or dal or even vegetables for toiling
in the farm through the day. The family of eight cannot always manage two square meals a day. Lakha
lives in a kuchha hut on the outskirts of the village. The women of the family spend the day chopping
fodder and collecting firewood in the fields. His father a TB patient, passed away two years ago due to
lack of medication. His mother now suffers from the same disease and life is slowly ebbing away.
Although, the village has a primary school, Lakha never went there. He had to start earning when he was
10 years old. New clothes happen once in a few years. Even soap and oil are a luxury for the family.
A. From the above case study, what do you understand about poverty?
B. What are the indicators of poverty?
Chapter 4: Food Security in India
Ramu works as a casual labourer in agriculture in Raipur village. His eldest son Somu who is 10 years old
also works as a pali to look after the cattle of the Sarpanch of the village Satpal Singh. Somu is employed
for the whole year by the Sarpanch and is paid a sum of Rs 1,000 for this work. Ramu has three more
sons and two daughters but they are too young to work on the field. His wife Sunhari is also working part
time as house cleaner for the livestock, removing and managing cow dung. She gets ½ litre milk and
some cooked food along with vegetables for her daily work. Besides she also works in the field along
with her husband in the busy season and supplements his earnings. Agriculture being a seasonal activity
employs Ramu only during times of sowing, transplanting and harvesting. He remains unemployed for
about 4 months during the period of plant consolidation and maturing in a year. He looks for work in
other activities. Sometimes he gets employment in brick laying or in construction activities in the village.
By all his efforts, Ramu is able to earn enough either in cash or kind for him to buy essentials for two
square meals for his family. However, during the days when he is unable to get some work, he and his
family really face difficulties and sometimes his small kids have to sleep without food. Milk and
vegetables are not a regular part of meals in the family. Ramu is food insecure during 4 months when he
remains unemployed because of the seasonal nature of agriculture work.
A. Who all are food insecure in India?

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B. How does the social composition play a role in food insecurity?
POLITICAL SCIENCE
Chapter 16: What Is Democracy? Why
Democracy?
1. Democracy provides a method to deal with differences and conflicts. In any society people are
bound to have differences of opinion and interest. These differences are particularly sharp in a
country like ours which has an amazing social diversity. People belong to different regions,
speakdifferent languages, practise different religions and have different castes. They look at
the world very differently and have different preferences. The preferences of one group can
clash with thoseof other groups. How do we resolve such a conflict? The conflict can be solved
by brutal power. Whichever group is more powerful will dictate its terms and others will have
to accept that. But that would lead to resentment and unhappiness. Different groups may not be
able to live together for long in such a way. Democracy provides the only peaceful solution to
this problem. In democracy, no one is a permanent winner, no one is a permanent loser.
Different groups can live with one another peacefully. In a diverse country like India,
democracy keeps our country together.
i. Which of the following ways of solving a conflict is a part of democracy?

a. Dialogue
b. War
c. Oppression and unequal treatment
d. Brute force
ii. Which of the following difference is NOT mentioned in the above passage?
a. Difference of opinions and interests
b. Difference in patriotism
c. Difference in power
d. Difference in thinking
iii. The above passage supports all of the following statements except:
a. Indian society is a diverse society.
b. Caste groups play an important role in India democracy.
c. Democracy plays an important role in keeping India united.
d. Different groups can have different opinions and interests.
iv. How does democracy help in dealing with differences?
a. The most powerful group is put in control.
b. The preferences of weak groups are given priority.
c. All groups and individuals are treated as equal before law.
d. The possibility of conflicts is eliminated.
2. China’s famine of 1958-1961 was the worst recorded famine in world history. Nearly three
crore people died in this famine. During those days, India’s economic condition was not much
better than China. Yet India did not have a famine of the kind China had. Economists think that
this wasa result of different government policies in the two countries. The existence of

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democracy in India made the Indian government respond to food scarcity in a way that the
Chinese governmentdid not. They point out that no large-scale famine has ever taken place in
an independent and democratic India. If China too had multiparty elections, an opposition
party and a press free to criticise the government, then so many people may not have died in
the famine. This example brings out one of the reasons why democracy is considered as the
best form of government. Democracy is better than any other form of government in
responding to the needs of the people.
i. Based on the above passage we can conclude that:
a. Democracy is the best form of government.
b. Democracy does not have any limitations/problems.
c. Democracy is the only government which responds to the needs of the people.
d. Democracy is best when supported by certain structures and conditions.
ii. During 1958-1961, .
a. India was economically backward than China
b. Indian polices were more capable of avoiding famines than China
c. India did not have any famines
d. None of the above
iii. Democracy is better than any other form of government because in it, the government
.
a. is better suited to criticise the press
b. is able to deal with famines and economic uncertainty
c. is better able to respond to the needs of the people
d. is able to manipulate the opposition party
iv. During the Chinese famine of 1958-61, China .

a. did not have elections
b. had an opposition party
c. lacked an uncensored press
d. refused to support its farmers
Chapter 17: Constitutional Design
1. A constitution is not merely a statement of values and philosophy. A constitution is mainly

about embodying these values into institutional arrangements. Much of the document called
Constitution of India is about these arrangements. It is a very long and detailed document.
Therefore, it needs to be amended regularly to keep it updated. Those who crafted the Indian
Constitution felt that it has to be in accordance with people’s aspirations and changes in the
society. They did not see it as a sacred, static and unalterable law. So, they made provisions to
incorporate changes from time to time. These changes are called constitutional amendments.
The Constitution describes the institutional arrangements in a very legal language. If you read
the Constitution for the first time, it can be quite difficult to understand. Yet the basic
institutional design is not very difficult to understand. Like any Constitution, the Indian
Constitution lays down a procedure for choosing persons to govern the country. It defines who
will have how much power to take which decisions. And it puts limits to what the government
can do by providing some rights to the citizen that cannotbe violated.

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i. Indian Constitution is all of the following, except:
a. a long and detailed document
b. a document written in legal language
c. a dynamic alterable document
d. a religiously biased document
ii. According to the passage, all of the following are included in the Indian
Constitution,except:
a. Inviolable citizen rights
b. The right of citizens to violate the rights of others
c. Basic institutional design
d. Procedure for selecting people in government
iii. Indian Constitution is a .
a. statement of values
b. statement of philosophy
c. document regarding institutional design
d. All of these
iv. Which of the following best explains the meaning of constitutional amendments?
a. Steps taken for making Constitution easier to understand
b. Regular changes made to the Constitution to make it suited to the times
c. Updates made to the institutional design of the Constitution
d. Altering the unalterable and static document of law
2. The Constitution does not reflect the views of the Constituent Assembly members alone. It
expresses a broad consensus of its time. Many countries of the world have had to rewrite their
Constitution afresh because the basic rules were not acceptable to all social groups or political
parties. In some countries, the Constitution exists as a mere piece of paper. No one actually
follows it. The experience of our Constitution is different. Over the last half a century, several
groups havequestioned some provisions of the Constitution. But no large social group or political
party has ever questioned the legitimacy of the Constitution itself. This is an unusual
achievement for any constitution. The second reason for accepting the Constitution is that the
Constituent Assembly represented the people of India. There was no universal adult franchise
at that time. So, the Constituent Assembly could not have been chosen directly by all the people
of India. It was elected mainly by the members of the existing provincial legislatures. This
ensured a fair geographical share of members from all the regions of the country. The
Assembly was dominated by the Indian National Congress, the party that led India’s freedom
struggle.
i. The Constitution of India .

a. has been rewritten
b. is not seriously followed
c. reflects the views of its members alone
d. is dynamic in nature
ii. Why were the Constitutions of many countries rewritten?
a. Nobody was following them in practice.
b. Universal adult franchise was not used for drafting them.
c. They could not accommodate the interests of all social groups or political parties.

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d. They only reflected the views of the people who formed them.
iii. How was the Constituent Assembly formed?
a. It was elected by the people of India indirectly through the Provincial Legislature.
b. It was elected mainly by the members of the existing Provincial Legislature.
c. The members of the Indian National Congress decided on framing it.
d. It was made up by the Indian freedom fighters.
iv. Constituent Assembly was not chosen directly by all the people of India. Why?
a. Members of the Provincial Legislature represented India.
b. Members from all regions of the country were already represented.
c. There was no universal adult franchise at that time.
d. Nobody has ever questioned the legitimacy of the Constituent Assembly.
Chapter 3: Electoral Politics
In the last 25 years or so, the Election Commission has begun to exercise all its powers and even expand
them. It is very common for the Election Commission to reprimand the government and administration
for their lapses. When election officials come to the opinion that polling was not fair in some booths or
even an entire constituency, they order a repoll. The ruling parties often do not like what the EC does. But
they have to obey. This would not have happened if the EC was not independent and powerful.
A. What do you mean by the term ‘election day?’ How are votes recorded?
B. State two powers of the Election Commission (EC).
Chapter 4: Working of Institutions
Presidents all over the world are not always nominal executives like the President of India. In many
countries of the world, the President is both the head of the state and the head of the government. The
President of the United States of America is the most well-known example of this kind of President. The
US president is directly elected by the people. He Personally chooses and appoints all Ministers. The law
making is still done by the legislature, but the President can veto any law.
A. What are the functions of the President?

B. Explain the appointing power of the President.
Chapter 5: Democratic Rights
A petition was filed in the Madras High Court. The petitioner said a large number of children aged
between seven and 12 were taken from villages in Salem district and sold at auctions at Olur Nagar in
Kerala’s Thrissur district. The petitioner requested the courts to order the government to check these
facts.
A. Right to protection against trafficking is covered under which fundamental right?

B. What do you understand by bonded labour?

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SOLUTIONS
HISTORY
Chapter 1
1. i (b), ii (c), iii (b), iv (c)
2. i (d), ii (a), iii (c), iv (d)
Chapter 2
A. The Winter Palace and government buildings were on the left side of the River Neva, while
worker housing and industry were on the right bank.
B. In the same building where the Duma met, soldiers and striking workers in Petrograd assembled
to form a "soviet" or "council," known as the Petrograd Soviet.
Chapter 3
A. When the Nazis came to power, they immediately set out to carry out their vision of establishing
an exclusive race of pure Germans. A society of "clean and robust Nordic Aryans" was what they
envisioned. This was attempted by arresting certain groups of people believed to be enemies of
the state or undesirables and sending them to the concentration camps to be killed by gas.
B. The ‘spirit of National Socialism’ was taught to German youngsters by youth organisations. Boys
were required to join the Nazi youth organisation at the age of 14, where they were indoctrinated
to despise democracy, adore war, extol aggression and violence, and despise Jews, communists,
Gypsies, and any other groups deemed to be ‘undesirable.’
Chapter 4
A. People who used to live in forests and work for the forest service on a volunteer basis were
known as forest villagers.
B. Grain was redistributed, schools and police stations were burned down, houses of authorities and
traders were broken into, and bazaars were looted. British soldiers were dispatched to put down
the uprising.
Chapter 5
a. Their mobility started to be subject to numerous constraints from the colonial authorities.
Pastoralists were viewed as dangerous and uncivilised by British colonists. The abrupt changes in
the pastoralists' lives brought about by the new territorial borders and limitations placed on them
had a negative impact on both their pastoral and trading enterprises.

Case-Based Passages
b. The lives of pastoralists were impacted by drought everywhere. Because of this, pastoralists have
historically relocated to survive difficult times and avert calamities.
GEOGRAPHY
Chapter 1
1. i (d), ii (c), iii (d), iv (b)
2. i (b), ii (a), iii (d), iv
(c)Chapter 2
1. i (a), ii (b), iii (a), iv (d)
2. i (c), ii (c), iii (b), iv (d)
Chapter 3
A. The source of the Ganga is called the ‘Bhagirathi’ and is fed by the Gangotri glacier and joined
by the Alaknanda at Devaprayag in Uttarakhand.
B. The Yamuna, the Ghaghara, the Gandak, and the Kosi are just a handful of the important rivers
that flow into the Ganga from the Himalayas.
Chapter 4
A. Due to the curvature of the planet, the amount of solar radiation received changes according to
latitude. Because of this, the temperature often drops as we move from the equator to the poles.
B. India's weather is referred to as ‘monsoon’ type. This type of climate is most prevalent in Asia's
south and southeast.
Chapter 5
A. Kashmir stag, spotted deer, wild sheep, jack rabbit, Tibetan antelope, yak, snow leopard,
squirrels, shaggy horned wild ibex, bear, rare red panda, sheep, and goats are among the
frequently encountered animals.
B. Typically, temperate woods and grasslands give place to Alpine vegetation at elevations greater
than 3,600 metres above sea level. For grazing, alpine grasslands are exploited.
Chapter 6

Case-Based Passages
A. The number of people per unit area is the basis for calculating population density. India had a
population density of 382 people per square kilometre in 2011. India is regarded as one of the
nations with the densest populations in the world as a result.
B. The term population growth describes the shift in a nation's or territory's population over a given
period of time.
ECONOMICS
Chapter 12
1. i (c), ii (b), iii (a), iv (d)
2. i (c), ii (b), iii (b), iv
(d)Chapter 13
1. i (c), ii (a), iii (a), iv (c)
2. i (d), ii (b), iii (b), iv (a)
Chapter 3
A. According to the example study above, poverty is going without food and shelter. It also refers to
a circumstance in which parents cannot afford to take their children to school or a circumstance in
which sick people cannot afford to receive medical care. Lack of access to sanitary facilities and
clean water is another sign of poverty. It also suggests that one does not have a stable work that
pays well for their essential needs. It primarily entails experiencing a sense of helplessness.
B. The measures used to gauge poverty frequently have to do with consumption and income levels.
The absence of access to healthcare, job opportunities, safe drinking water, sanitation, etc., as
well as the level of illiteracy and lack of overall resistance caused by malnutrition are some of the
additional social indicators that are now used to measure poverty. Analysis of poverty based on
social exclusion and vulnerability is increasingly becoming very widespread.
Chapter 4
A. In spite of the fact that a sizable portion of the population in India experiences food and nutrition
insecurity, beggars and other destitute individuals as well as landless persons with little to no
access to land and traditional craftsmen and service providers are the hardest affected. Families
with food insecurity in metropolitan regions are those whose working members are typically
employed in low-paying jobs and the casual labour market.

Case-Based Passages
B. In addition to not being able to purchase food, the social makeup also contributes to food
insecurity. Food insecurity is more common among SCs, STs, and some OBCs (lower castes
among them) who have either a poor land base or very low land production.
POLITICAL SCIENCE
Chapter 16
1. i (a), ii (b), iii (b), iv (c)
2. i (d), ii (b), iii (c), iv
(c)Chapter 17
1. i (d), ii (b), iii (d), iv (b)
2. i (d), ii (c), iii (b), iv (c)
Chapter 3
A. Election day is the day on which voters cast their ballots, or ‘poll,’ their choices. Votes are now
recorded using electronic voting machines (EVMs).
B. i. From the announcement of elections through the declaration of results, the EC makes decisions
about every aspect of the conduct and control of elections.
ii. It puts the Code of Conduct into effect and reprimands any candidates or parties that
break it.
Chapter 4
A. The head of the State is the President. The President oversees the overall operation of all political
institutions in India to ensure that they work in unison to accomplish the State's goals.
B. All significant appointments, including those of the Chief Justice of India, judges of the Supreme
Court and state high courts, governors of the several states, election commissioners, and
ambassadors to other nations, are made by the President in consultation with the Prime Minister.
Chapter 5
A. Everyone has the right not to be taken advantage of. The Constitution contains explicit clauses
that forbid exploitation of the society's weakest groups. Three particular ills are mentioned in the
Constitution. The ‘trade in human beings’ is outlawed by the Constitution. Traffic refers to the
buying and selling of people, typically women, for unethical reasons.

Case-Based Passages
B. Any sort of forced labour or beggaring is forbidden by our constitution. Begar is a practise in
which the worker is compelled to provide services to the "master" for no pay or very little pay.
The term ‘bonded labour’ is used to describe this practise when it lasts a lifetime.

MAP QUESTIONS
HISTORY
Chapter 1: THE FRENCH REVOLUTION
1. On an outline political map of France, locate and identify the following places associated
with the French Revolution.
a. Bordeaux b. Marseilles c. Nantes d. Paris
Chapter 2: SOCIALISM AND THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
On an outline political map of the world, locate and label the following countries:
1. Central Powers of the First World War (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire)
2. Allied Powers of the First World War (USA, France, England, Russia)
Chapter 3: NAZISM AND THE RISE OF HITLER
1. On an outline political map of the world, locate and label the following places.
The two major factions in the Second World War:
(a) Axis Powers: Germany, Italy and Japan
(b) Allied Powers: USA, USSR, UK and France
2. On an outline political map of the world, mark the territories under German expansion (the
Nazi regime)
(a) Czechoslovakia (b) Austria (c) Poland (d) France (e) Belgium (f) Lithuania (g) Denmark
GEOGRAPHY
Chapter 1: INDIA-SIZE AND LOCATION
1. On an outline political map of India, mark the following.
(a) Indian States with Capitals
(b) Tropic of Cancer and Standard Meridian
Chapter 2: PHYSICAL FEATURES OF INDIA
1. Study the map showing the longitudinal divisions of the Himalayas (map 2.3) in the chapter
(a) Identify the different Himalayan regions A, B, C, and D from west to east and write their names.
(b) Between which two rivers do the Assam Himalayas lie?
(c) Which two rivers form the boundary on either side of Kumaon Himalayas?
2. On an outline map of India, mark the following:

(a) Mountain Ranges: Karakoram, Zanskar, Shiwalik, Aravalli, Vindhya, Satpura, Western
and Eastern Ghats
(b) Mountain Peaks: K2, Khangchendzonga, Anai Mudi
(c) Plateau: Deccan Plateau, Chotanagpur Plateau, Malwa Plateau
(d) Coastal Plains: Konkan, Malabar, Coromandel and Northern Circars
Chapter 3: DRAINAGE
1. On an outline political map of India, mark the following:
© Headword Publishing Company Private Limited

(a) The Himalayan River Systems: Indus, Ganges, Brahmaputra and Satluj
(b) The Peninsular rivers: Narmada, Tapi, Kaveri, Krishna, Godavari, Mahanadi
(c) Lakes: Wular, Pulicat, Sambhar, Chilika
Chapter 4: CLIMATE
1. On an outline political map of India, locate and mark:
(a) Areas experiencing moderating influence of the sea
(b) A state in south India receiving rainfall in winter
(c) An area getting rain from western disturbances
2. Areas receiving rainfall less than 20 cm and over 400 cm (Identification only)
Chapter 5: NATURAL VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE

On an outline political map of India, mark the following:
1. Vegetation Type: Tropical Evergreen Forest, Tropical Deciduous Forest, Thorn Forest,
Montane Forests and Mangrove
2. National Parks: Corbett, Kaziranga, Ranthambore, Shivpuri, Kanha, Simlipal and Manas
3. Bird Sanctuaries: Bharatpur and Ranganthitto
4. Wildlife Sanctuaries: Sariska, Mudumalai, Rajaji, Dachigam (Location and Labelling)
Solutions to Map Questions
Below given are the names of the maps on which the solutions to respective questions have
been marked. The maps are given after the Map Solutions.
HISTORY
Chapter 1: THE FRENCH REVOLUTION
1. Places of the French Revolution
Chapter 2: SOCIALISM AND THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION

1. Major countries of First World War
2. Major countries of First World War
Chapter 3: NAZISM AND THE RISE OF HITLER
1. (a) Major countries of Second World War
(b) Major countries of Second World War

2. Territories under German expansion
GEOGRAPHY
Chapter 1: INDIA-SIZE AND LOCATION
1. (a) Indian States
(b) Tropic of Cancer and Standard Meridian
Chapter 2: PHYSICAL FEATURES OF INDIA
1. (a) A: Punjab Himalayas
B: Kumaon Himalayas
C: Nepal Himalayas
D: Assam Himalayas
(b) Tista and Dihang rivers
(c) Satluj and Kali rivers
2. (a) Physical Features

(b) Physical Features
(c) Physical Features
(d) Physical Features
Chapter 3: DRAINAGE
1. (a) Rivers and Lakes
(b) Rivers and Lakes
(c) Rivers and Lakes
Chapter 4: CLIMATE
1.(a) Moderating influence of the sea
(b) Rainfall and Western Disturbances
(c) Rainfall and Western Disturbances
2. Annual Rainfall
Chapter 5: NATURAL VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE

1. Types of Vegetation
2. National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries

PLACES OF THE
FRENCH REVOLUTION
English Channel
Paris
F R A N C E
Nantes
Bay of
Biscay
Bordeaux
Marseilles
0 100 200 km
Mediterranean Sea
© 2022 Headword Publishing Company Private Limited

Major countries of First World War Russia
Germany
*
England
Hungary
Turkey
France
Austria
USA
Central Powers
Allied Powers
Map not to scale
*Ireland had not divided between North and South Ireland until 1921. Hence, the whole of Ireland has been marked as part of the England during the First World
War.

Major countries of Second World War Former USSR
Germany
Britain
France
Italy
USA Japan
Central Powers
Allied Powers
Map not to scale

Territories under German expansion
Denmark
Lithuania
Czech Republic* Poland
Belgium
France Slovakia
Austria
Territories under
German expansion
Map not to scale
* Czechoslovakia split into Czech Republic and Slovakia in 1992. Hence, both countries have been marked.

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SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER–1
SOCIAL SCIENCE (087)
Time Allowed: 3 Hrs Maximum Marks: 80
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:
Read the following instructions very carefully and strictly follow them:
➢ Question paper comprises five sections – A, B, C, D and E. There are 32 questions in

the question paper. All questions are compulsory.
➢ Section A – Question no. 1 to 16 are Objective Type Questions of 1 mark each.
➢ Section B – Question no. 17 to 22 are short answer type questions, carrying 3 marks
each. Answer to each question should not exceed 80 marks.
➢ Section C – Question no. 23 to 26 are source-based questions, carrying 4 marks each.
➢ Section D – Question no. 27 to 31 are long answer type questions, carrying 5 marks
each. Answer to each question should not exceed 120 words.
➢ Section E – Question no. 32 is map-based, carrying 5 marks with two parts, 32. 1 from
History (2 marks) and 32.2 from Geography (3 marks).
➢ There is no overall choice in the question paper. However, an internal choice has been
provided in a few questions. Only one of the choices in such questions has to be
attempted.
➢ Internal choice has been provided in 2 questions of 3 marks.
SECTION-A [1X16=16]
1. Fill in the blank:

During the Great Depression, _______ became a mass movement.
2. What is the name of a system of racial discrimination practised in South Africa?
3. What helps to measure poverty based on income or consumption levels?
4. An assembly of elected representatives is known as ___________.
a. Rajya Sabha
b. Lok Sabha
c. Parliament
d. Legislative Assembly

_______ refers to the state of the atmosphere over an area at any point of time.
6. In which state does the Brahmaputra plain lie?
7. What is the outermost range of Himalayas called?
8. Which of the following is not one of the major Himalayan Rivers?
a. Indus
b. Ganga
c. Brahmaputra
d. Kaveri
9. Extreme weather events occur as people live farther from the sea, where its regulating
effect is lost. What is this condition known as?
10. To which prison were the people linked to the attack on New York on 11 September
2001 sent?
11. Which is the main activity in Palampur?
_______ are anything that has utility and adds value to our life.
13. Which term is used to denote plants of a particular region or period?
14. What is the black soil area of the Peninsular plateau known as?
15. Who ruled Russia in 1914?
16. The government purchases food grains, specifically wheat and rice, as _______ through
the Food Corporation of India.
SECTION-B [3X6=18]
17. How does democracy provide a method to deal with differences and conflicts?
Or
What are the disadvantages of having a democratic government?
18. How do the pastoralists deal with the changes due to colonial rule?
19. How was constitutional monarchy established in France?
Or
Write a short note on the period of ‘Reign of Terror.’
20. How was the economy and society affected by the Russian Revolution?
21. Write a short note on the Himalayan mountains.
22. How are the candidates nominated for elections?

SECTION-C [4X4=16]
23. ‘From the very beginning, the French revolutionaries introduced various measures and
practices that could create a sense of collective identity amongst the French people. The
ideas of la patrie (the fatherland) and le citoyen (the citizen) emphasised the notion of
a united community enjoying equal rights under a constitution. A new French flag, the
tricolour, was chosen to replace the former royal standard. The Estates General was
elected by the body of active citizens and renamed the National Assembly. New hymns
were composed, oaths taken and martyrs commemorated, all in the name of the nation.
A centralised administrative system was put in place and it formulated uniform laws
for all citizens within its territory. Internal customs duties and dues were abolished and
a uniform system of weights and measures was adopted. Regional dialects were
discouraged and French, as it was spoken and written in Paris, became the common
language of the nation. The revolutionaries further declared that it was the mission and
the destiny of the French nation to liberate the peoples of Europe from despotism, in
other words to help other peoples of Europe to become nations. When the news of the
events in France reached the different cities of Europe, students and other members of
educated middle classes began setting up Jacobin clubs. Their activities and campaigns
prepared the way for the French armies which moved into Holland, Belgium,
Switzerland and much of Italy in the 1790s. With the outbreak of the revolutionary
wars, the French armies began to carry the idea of nationalism abroad.’
23.1 Why did the revolutionaries select a new flag?
23.2 Why did the revolutionaries discourage regional dialects?
24. ‘What we know today as Germany, Italy and Switzerland were divided into kingdoms,
duchies and cantons whose rulers had their autonomous territories. Eastern and Central
Europe were under autocratic monarchies within the territories of which lived diverse
peoples. They did not see themselves as sharing a collective identity or a common
culture. Often, they even spoke different languages and belonged to different ethnic
groups. The Habsburg Empire that ruled over Austria-Hungary, for example, was a
patchwork of many different regions and peoples. It included the Alpine regions – the
Tyrol, Austria and the Sudetenland – as well as Bohemia, where the aristocracy was

predominantly German-speaking. It also included the Italian-speaking provinces of
Lombardy and Venetia. In Hungary, half of the population spoke Magyar while the
other half spoke a variety of dialects. In Galicia, the aristocracy spoke Polish. Besides
these three dominant groups, there also lived within the boundaries of the empire, a
mass of subject peasant peoples – Bohemians and Slovaks to the north, Slovenes in
Carniola, Croats to the south, and Romans to the east in Transylvania. Such differences
did not easily promote a sense of political unity. The only tie binding these diverse
groups together was a common allegiance to the emperor.’
24.1 What does the term ‘autocratic’ refer to?
24.2 Why was the Habsburg Empire a patchwork?
25. ‘In the economic sphere, liberalism stood for the freedom of markets and the abolition
of state-imposed restrictions on the movement of goods and capital. During the
nineteenth century this was a strong demand of the emerging middle classes. Let us
take the example of the German-speaking regions in the first half of the nineteenth
century. Napoleon’s administrative measures had created out of new world, 10
countless small principalities a confederation of 39 states. Each of these possessed its
own currency, weights and measures. A merchant travelling in 1833 from Hamburg to
Nuremberg to sell his goods would have had to pass through 11 customs barriers and
pay a customs duty of about 5 percent at each one of them. Duties were often levied
according to the weight or measurement of the goods. As each region had its own
system of weights and measures, this involved time-consuming calculation. The
measure of cloth, for example, was the elle which in each region stood for a different
length. An elle of textile material bought in Frankfurt would get you 54.7 cm of cloth,
in Mainz 55.1 cm, in Nuremberg 65.6 cm, in Freiburg 53.5 cm. Such conditions were
viewed as obstacles to economic exchange and growth by the new commercial classes,
who argued for the creation of a unified economic territory allowing the unhindered
movement of goods, people and capital. In 1834, a customs union or zollverein was
formed at the initiative of Prussia and joined by most of the German states. The union
abolished tariff barriers and reduced the number of currencies from over thirty to two.
The creation of a network of railways further stimulated mobility, harnessing economic
interests to national unification. A wave of economic nationalism strengthened the
wider nationalist sentiments growing at the time.’

25.1 How many principalities were brought together to create states by Napoleon?
25.2 What difficulty did a trader face during the Napoleonic era?
26. ‘The climate of India is strongly influenced by monsoon winds. The sailors who came
to India in historic times were one of the first to have noticed the phenomenon of the
monsoon. They benefited from the reversal of the wind system as they came by sailing
ships at the mercy of winds. The Arabs, who had also come to India as traders named
this seasonal reversal of the wind system ‘monsoon’.’
26.1 What do you mean by the Inter-Tropical convergence Zone?
26.2 From which language is the term ‘El Nino’ derived?
SECTION-D [5X5=25]
27. How is the quality of population in a country determined?

28. Explain the procedure of appointment of the Prime Minister and the Council of
Ministers.
29. How did Hitler rise to power in Germany?
30. Write a note on the National Population Policy 2000.
31. How is voting done in India?
SECTION-E [1X5=5]
32. On a political map of India, locate and mark the following:
A. Tropical Evergreen Forest
B. Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary

C. The state having highest density of population
D. Wular Lake
E. K2 Mountain Peak

SOLUTIONS
1. During the Great Depression, Nazism became a mass movement.

2. Apartheid
3. Poverty Line
4. c. Parliament
5. Weather refers to the state of the atmosphere over an area at any point of time.
6. The Brahmaputra plain lies in the state of Assam.
7. The outermost range of Himalayas is called the Shiwaliks.
8. d. Kaveri
9. This condition is known as continentality, that is, very hot during summers and very
cold during winters.

10. Prison in Guantanamo Bay
11. Farming
12. Resources are anything that has utility and adds value to our life.
13. Flora
14. Deccan Trap
15. Tsar Nicholas II
16. The government purchases food grains, specifically wheat and rice, as buffer stock
through the Food Corporation of India.
17.
a. There will always be disparities in people's perspectives and interests in any
community. These discrepancies stand out more in a nation like ours that has such
a wide range of social groups.
b. People have different castes, come from different locations, speak different
languages, and practise various religions. One group's preferences may conflict with
those of other groups. However, we can peacefully resolve a situation like this
through democracy.
c. There is no permanent winner or loser in a democracy. It is possible for various
groups to coexist peacefully.
Or
In a democracy, when leaders frequently change, there is instability.
a. Politics is all about power plays and rivalry, leaving no room for morality in a
democratic system.
b. In a democracy, many individuals must be consulted, which causes delays and
elected officials make poor decisions because they lack knowledge of what is
in the people's best interests.
c. Since democracy is founded on election competitiveness, corruption results
from it. Ordinary folks shouldn't make decisions since they don't know what is
best for them.
18. There were different responses to the changes caused due to colonial rule.
a. It caused many to abandon their pastoral lives and work as labourers.
b. Over time, some wealthy pastoralists settled down and abandoned their nomadic
lifestyle by purchasing land. Some also engaged in trade.

c. On the other side, in order to subsist, poor pastoralists borrowed money from
moneylenders.
d. New regulations and settlement patterns led pastoral groups to make changes to
their way of life in many other places of the world.
19. The National Assembly finalised the constitution's draft in 1791, with the main goal of
limiting the monarch's authority.
a. These powers were divided and given to several institutions, including the
legislative, executive, and judicial branches. This led to the establishment of the
French constitutional monarchy.
b. A Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen served as the foundation for the
Constitution. Rights like the right to life, freedom of speech, equality before the
law, and others were declared to be natural and inalienable.
Or
The Reign of Terror lasted from 1793 to 1794.
a. People that Robespierre viewed as adversaries of the republic were detained,
tried by a revolutionary court, and subsequently imprisoned. If the court found
them guilty, they were executed by guillotine.
b. Laws were passed setting a maximum cap on pricing and wages. Bread and meat
were restricted. The use of pricey white flour was prohibited.
c. Robespierre was found guilty by a court in July 1794, imprisoned, and executed
the following day.
20.
a. The majority of the population in Russia at the start of the 20th century was made
up of farmers who produced both for the market and for their own consumption.
b. Moscow and St. Petersburg were important industrial hubs. The majority of the
production was done by craftsmen, although there were also big factories and craft
businesses.
c. The government oversaw sizable factories to assure minimum pay and set work
hours. Workers formed a socially separated group. Workers came together to stop

work when they disagreed with employers regarding layoffs or working conditions,
despite their differences.
21. The Himalayan Mountains span across India's northern boundaries. Three parallel
ranges make up the length of the Himalaya.
a. The Great Himalayas, Inner Himalayas, or Himadri are the names of the range that lies
to the north. With peaks that average 6,000 metres in height, it is the range that is the
most continuous.
b. The second mountain layer is the Himachal or lower Himalaya.
c. The Shiwaliks are the name of the Himalayas' most remote mountain range. Sediments
that have not been cemented make up these ranges.
22.
a. Election candidates might be anyone who is eligible to vote. The applicant must be
at least 25 years old. Each candidate must submit a "nomination form" and pay a
"security deposit" before they can run in an election.
b. The candidate is required to submit a legal declaration with full disclosure of:
i. There are active serious criminal cases against the candidate.
ii. Information on the candidate's and his or her family's assets and liabilities
iii. A candidate's educational background
23. 23.1 The revolutionaries selected a new flag because the old flag represented monarchy
in France which had been abolished. The tricolour was legally established in 1794 after
the abolition of the monarchy, and its colours represented the French Revolution's ideas
of liberty, equality and fraternity.
23.2 The revolutionaries discouraged regional dialects because they proved obstacle in
the way of national unity. Various tactics and practices were implemented by the
French revolutionaries in order to foster a sense of communal identity among the
French people.
24. 24.1 Despotic rule is referred to as autocratic. Autocratic leadership is a management

style in which one person makes all of the decisions with little participation from other
members of the group.

24.2 The Habsburg Empire a patchwork because it ruled over various regions and
subjects. It governed over a variety of territories and subjects, including the Alpine
regions of Tyrol, Austria, and the Sudetenland, as well as Bohemia, which had
primarily German-speaking elite.
25. 25.1 Napoleon created states by bringing together a number of principalities. A surge
of economic nationalism fuelled the broader nationalist sentiments that were gaining
traction at the time.
25.2 During the Napoleonic era, paying several customs and duties appeared to be a
barrier to trade. This required time-consuming calculations because each region
has its own system of weights and measures.
26. 26.1 In equatorial latitudes, the Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is a wide
trough of low pressure. The trade winds from the northeast and southeast meet here.
Although it swings north or south with the apparent movement of the sun, this
convergence zone is more or less parallel to the equator.
26.2 Spanish for "the child," "El Nino" refers to the infant Christ as this stream begins
to flow around Christmas. El Nino activity causes the trade winds to diminish and
sea surface temperatures to rise in the region.
27. The life expectancy, literacy rate, and level of skill development attained by the
populace are all indicators of a population's quality. A population that is educated and
in good health is advantageous since it ultimately determines the growth rate of the
nation. Education improves societal development as well as national income, cultural
diversity, and governance effectiveness. Citizens must be literate in order to adequately
carry out their obligations and exercise their rights. The country's top focus has been to
improve the health of the populace. The National Population Policy also sought to
increase access to services for family welfare, nutrition, and health care, particularly
for the impoverished people.
28. The position of prime minister is not directly elected.
a. The Prime Minister is chosen by the President from among the leaders of the parties
that make up the majority in the Lok Sabha.

b. The President picks the candidate most likely to win majority support if no single
party or alliance receives a majority.
c. The tenure of the prime minister is 5 years after which a new person or the same
person will have to be elected.
Following the nomination of the Prime Minister, the President names additional
ministers on the Prime Minister's recommendation. The group that comprises all
Ministers is known officially as the Council of Ministers.
29.
a. The Nazi Party under Hitler contested elections of 1928 but won only a few seats.
In July 1932, the presidency elections saw the Nazi party win 230 seats thereby
forming the single largest party in the assembly.
b. President Hindenburg invited Hitler to become the Chancellor of Germany in 1933.
c. In February of 1933, Hitler passed the Fire Decree that suspended all civil rights.
In March, he passed the Enabling Act that allowed Hitler to rule by decree for four
years.
d. This was followed by a series of arrests and bans that rid the Nazi party of all
opponents.
e. In 1934, with the death of President Hindenburg, Hitler assumed the twin roles of
Chancellor and President of Germany.
30. A framework for policy is provided by the National Population Policy (NPP) 2000 for
the delivery of free and mandatory education up to the age of 14. Additionally, it aids
in making family welfare a people-centered initiative, obtaining universal childhood
immunisation against all diseases that may be prevented by vaccines, encouraging
delayed marriage for females, and bringing the infant death rate down to below 30 per
1000 live births.
The NPP 2000 also attempts to inspire:
a. Delayed pregnancy and marriage
b. Educating young people about the dangers of unprotected sex
c. Increasing the availability and affordability of contraceptive services

d. Supplying dietary supplements
e. Nutritional assistance
f. Enhancing legal protections against child marriage
31. The vote is conducted in the following manner:

a. Anyone whose name appears on the voter list is permitted to visit a nearby "polling
booth."
b. The election officials identify the voter once she enters the voting booth, mark her
finger, and then let her cast her ballot.
c. Each contender is permitted to send a representative to the polls to monitor the
fairness of the voting process.
Votes are now recorded using electronic voting machines (EVMs). The device displays
the candidates' names as well as the party logos. Simply pressing the button next to the
candidate's name is all that is required of the voter for casting the vote. All of the EVMs
are sealed and transported to a secure location after the voting is completed. The votes
each candidate received are counted a few days after all the EVMs are unlocked.
32.
A. Tropical Evergreen Forest
B. Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary

C. The state having highest population density
D. Wular Lake
E. K2 Mountain Peak

SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER–2
SOCIAL SCIENCE (CODE 087)
Time Allowed: 3 Hrs Maximum Marks: 80
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:
Read the following instructions very carefully and strictly follow them:
➢ Question paper comprises five sections – A, B, C, D and E. There are 32 questions in

the question paper. All questions are compulsory.
➢ Section A – Question no. 1 to 16 are Objective Type Questions of 1 mark each.
➢ Section B – Question no. 17 to 22 are short answer type questions, carrying 3 marks
each. Answer to each question should not exceed 80 marks.
➢ Section C – Question no. 23 to 26 are source-based questions, carrying 4 marks each.
➢ Section D – Question no. 27 to 31 are long answer type questions, carrying 5 marks
each. Answer to each question should not exceed 120 words.
➢ Section E – Question no. 32 is map-based, carrying 5 marks with two parts, 32. 1 from
History (2 marks) and 32.2 from Geography (3 marks).
➢ There is no overall choice in the question paper. However, an internal choice has been
provided in a few questions. Only one of the choices in such questions has to be
attempted.
➢ Internal choice has been provided in 2 questions of 3 marks and 1 question of 5 marks.
SECTION-A [1X16=16]
1. Who conducts the Economic Survey of India?

The commander of _______ was killed in the armed fight and the prisoners were
released.
3. Who built a cooperative community called New Harmony in Indiana?
4. The socialists, Catholics and democrats, supported the Weimar Republic were
mockingly called?
5. In which year was the Forest Act enacted?
6. What was the main source of finance for the colonial state?

7. With which of the following countries does India not share its boundary?
A. Nepal
B. Bangladesh
C. Tajikistan
D. Myanmar
8. What is the northern-most range of Himalayas known as?
The Namcha Barwa is known as _______ in Andhra Pradesh.
10. Which is one of the formidable challenges faced by independent India?
11. Ration shops are also known as _________.
12. Which 5-year plan focused on increasing access of state-specific curriculum
modification, and networking on the use of information technology?
13. The laws of a country apply in the same manner to all, regardless of a person’s status.
What is this known as?
Democracy works well when several ________ perform functions assigned to them.
15. India is divided into different areas for the purpose of elections. What are these areas
known as?
________ led a military coup in October 1999 and became the President of the country.
SECTION-B [3X6=18]
17. How did commercial forestry begin in India?

Or
How did the forest rules affect cultivation in India?
18. What are the three main processes of population change?
Or
What do you understand by age composition? How is age composition of a nation
categorised?
19. Briefly explain any three fundamental rights provided by our Constitution.
20. Write the features of Tropical Evergreen Forests.
21. What are the causes of poverty?

22. How does democracy deal with differences and conflicts?
SECTION-C [4X4=16]
23. ‘Brandis realised that a proper system had to be introduced to manage the forests and
people had to be trained in the science of conservation. This system would need legal
sanction. Rules about the use of forest resources had to be framed. Felling of trees and
grazing had to be restricted so that forests could be preserved for timber production.
Anybody who cut trees without following the system had to be punished.’
23.1 What do you understand by scientific forestry?
23.2 What steps were taken under scientific forestry?
24. ‘Enlarged with the waters from its right and left bank tributaries, the Ganga flows
eastwards till Farakka in West Bengal. This is the northernmost point of the Ganga
delta. The river bifurcates here; the Bhagirathi-Hooghly (a distributary) flows
southwards through the deltaic plains to the Bay of Bengal. The mainstream, flows
southwards into Bangladesh and is joined by the Brahmaputra. Further downstream, it
is known as the Meghna. This mighty river, with waters from the Ganga, and the
Brahmaputra, flows into the Bay of Bengal.’
24.1 Which are the main tributaries that come from the peninsular uplands?
24.2 Which is the world’s largest and fastest growing delta?
25. A child, with investments made on her education and health, can yield a high return in
future in the form of higher earnings and greater contribution to the society. Educated
parents are found to invest more heavily on the education of their child. This is
because they have realised the importance of education for themselves. They are also
conscious of proper nutrition and hygiene. They accordingly look after their
children’s needs for education at school and good health. A virtuous cycle is, thus,
created in this case.
25.1 How does education help an individual?
25.2 What is the status of women regarding high education and skill formation?

26. ‘Rights are necessary for the very sustenance of a democracy. In a democracy every
citizen has to have the right to vote and the right to be elected to government. For
democratic elections to take place, it is necessary that citizens should have the right to
express their opinions, form political parties and take part in political activities. Rights
also perform a very special role in a democracy. Rights protect minorities from the
oppression of majority. They ensure that the majority cannot do whatever it likes.
Rights are guarantees which can be used when things go wrong.”
26.1 What do you mean by rights?
26.2 How do rights act as a guarantee when things go wrong?
SECTION-D [5X5=25]
27. What are the initiatives taken by the government to protect the flora and fauna?
Or
Write a note on Tropical Deciduous forests.
28. When can an election be called democratic?
29. Write a brief note on buffer stock.
30. How did colonial rule impact the lives of the pastoral people?
31. Why was importance given to the youth in Nazi Germany?
SECTION-E [1X5=5]
32. On the Political Map of World, mark the following:
A. Ottoman Empire (Turkey)
B. England
C. Japan
D. Former USSR
D. Denmark

SOLUTIONS
1. Ministry of Finance
2. The commander of the Bastille was killed in the armed fight and the prisoners were
released.
3. Robert Owen
4. November criminals
5. 1865
6. Land revenue
7. C. Tajikistan
8. Himadri
9. The Namcha Barwa is known as Dihang in Andhra Pradesh.
10. Poverty
11. Fair Price shops
12. 12th five-year plan
13. Rule of Law
14. Democracy works well when several institutions perform functions assigned to them.
15. Electoral constituencies
16. General Pervez Musharraf led a military coup in October 1999 and became the
President of the country.
17. The British were concerned that the careless usage of trees by traders and locals might
result in the destruction of forests.
a. Thus, the Indian Forest Service was established in 1864 and the Imperial Forest
Research Institute was established in Dehradun in 1906 to train people in scientific
forestry.
b. The Forest Act was passed in 1865 and was revised twice, first in 1878 and then
again in 1927. The forests were to be regulated under the forest act. were separated
into three categories by the Act of 1878: reserved, protected, and village forests.
"Reserved forests" were the best forests.
Or
a. During European colonisation, shifting cultivation or swidden cultivation was
implemented.

b. Portions of the forest were cultivated. Seeds were sown in the ashes after the first
monsoon rains, and the crop is harvested between October and November. Such plots
are first cultivated for a few years before being abandoned for 12 to 18 years.
c. These plots are used to grow a variety of crops. European foresters believe that this
technique is bad for the forests. Additionally, this type of cultivation made it
challenging for the government to compute taxes. Therefore, shifting cultivation was
outlawed by the government.
18. There are three basic processes through which populations change:
a. Birth Rates: The number of live births per 1,000 people in a year is known as the
birth rate. Birth rates have consistently outpaced death rates in India.
b. Death Rates: The death rate is the number of fatalities for every 1,000 people per
year.
c. Migration: It is the movement of individuals between geographical areas.
International or internal migration are two different types of migration. It affects
how people are distributed around the country.
Or
The number of persons in each age group in a nation is referred to as the population's
age composition. Three broad categories are used to classify a country's population:
a. Children (usually younger than 15 years old): They require food, clothing,
education, and medical care because they are economically unproductive.
b. Working age (15–59): These people are biologically and economically
productive. They are those who are employed.
c. Aged (over 59 years): Although they might be working pro bono, they cannot
be hired through recruitment.
19. The fundamental rights granted by the Constitution are:

a. Right to Equality: According to the Constitution, no one in India shall be denied
equality before the law or equal protection under the law.
b. Right to Freedom: According to the Indian Constitution, all citizens are entitled to
freedom of speech and expression, the ability to peacefully assemble, the

formation of associations and unions, the freedom of mobility, the right to reside
anywhere in the nation, the right to practise any profession, etc.
c. Right against Exploitation: The Constitution contains explicit clauses that forbid
exploitation of the society's weakest groups.
20. Tropical evergreen forests are found in the Western Ghats and the island groups of
Lakshadweep, Andaman and Nicobar, upper parts of Assam and Tamil Nadu coast.
a. These forests thrive in regions with short dry seasons and more than 200 cm of annual
rainfall.
b. The trees rise to lofty heights of up to 60 metres or higher. All year long, these
woodlands appear to be green.
c. In this forest, significant trees include ebony, mahogany, rosewood, rubber, and
cinchona. Elephants, monkeys, lemurs, and deer are frequent inhabitants of these
woodlands.
21. Poverty in India is caused by a variety of factors such as:

a. India's economy under British rule experienced little development. Traditional
handicrafts were destroyed by new colonial government rules, which also stifled the
growth of industry like textiles.
b. Vast income disparities have been another aspect of high poverty rates. The unequal
distribution of land and other resources is one of the main causes of this.
c. One of the main reasons of poverty in India has been a lack of land resources, yet
effective policy execution may have improved the lives of millions of rural poor
people.
22.
a. There will always be disparities in people's perspectives and interests in any
community. These discrepancies stand out more in a nation like ours that has such
a wide range of social groups.
b. The various fundamental rights and the rule of law in a democracy allow people of
different castes, locations, religions and speaking different languages to coexist in
a peaceful manner.

c. Democracy helps in resolving disputes in a peaceful manner. In case of any
disputes, any citizen in a democracy can approach the courts and seek redressal.
23. 23.1 The science of forest and tree plantation management is known as scientific
forestry.
23.2 Natural forests with a wide variety of tree species were felled under scientific
forestry. They were replaced by a single variety of trees arranged in rows. Forest
managers conducted surveys, calculated the area covered by various tree species, and
created management plans.
24. 24.1 The Chambal, the Betwa, and the Son are the principal tributaries that originate
in the peninsular uplands. These have shorter courses, rise from semi-arid terrain, and
contain little water.
24.2 The Sundarbans Delta derived its name from the ‘Sundari tree’ which grows well
in marshland. It is the world’s largest and fastest growing delta. It is also the
home of Royal Bengal tiger.
25. 25.1 An individual can better utilise his available economic prospects with the aid of
education. The two main factors that affect anyone's earnings in the market are
education and skill.
25.2 Women with advanced education and skill development receive pay on level
with males. They are particularly drawn to the education and medical fields inside the
organised sector. Some women have entered the administrative field as well as other
professions requiring high degrees of technological and scientific proficiency.
26. 26.1 Rights are reasonable claims of individuals recognised by society and sanctioned
by law.
26.2 Rights are safeguards that can be employed if something goes wrong. When
some citizens want to restrict others' liberties, things could go awry. The government
has the responsibility to defend the rights of all sections of the society. In case of any
disputes, any citizen in a democracy can approach the courts and seek redressal.

27. The national flora and animals are protected by numerous measures taken by the
government.
a. India has established 18 biosphere reserves to safeguard its biodiversity and animals.
Out of them, 10 biosphere reserves are part of the global network.
b. Since 1992, the government has offered numerous botanical gardens financial and
technical support.
c. Numerous eco-developmental programmes have been implemented by the
government, including Project Tiger, Project Rhino, Project Great Indian Bustard, and
many others.
d. To preserve the natural heritage, 103 National Parks, 535 Wildlife Sanctuaries, and
Zoological Gardens have been established.
Or
a. Monsoon forests is another name for the tropical deciduous forests. They are
dispersed over the area that receives rainfall ranging from 200 cm to 70 cm.
b. During the dry summer, they lose their leaves for roughly 6 to 8 weeks. Lion,
tiger, pig, deer, and elephant can be found in these forests.
c. These forests are further divided into:
i. Moist deciduous: These grow in regions with 200–100 cm of annual rainfall.
The primary species in this forest is teak. Other species with significant
economic value include bamboos, sal, shisham, sandalwood, khair, kusum,
arjun, and mulberry.
ii. Dry deciduous: These grow in regions where annual rainfall ranges from 100
cm to 70 cm. Teak, sal, peepal, and neem are all grown in open areas.
28. Among the prerequisites for a democratic election are:

a. Each person should have the freedom to select their own representatives.
b. Elections should be open to parties and candidates, who should give voters a
genuine range of options.
c. Elections should be held at regular intervals.
d. The electorate should choose the candidate they chose.
e. Elections ought to be held in a free and fair manner, allowing voters to express
their true preferences.
f. Candidates must not indulge in illicit means of winning the election.

29. a. Buffer Stock is the supply of wheat and rice that the government has purchased
through the Food Corporation of India (FCI).
b. When there is a surplus of production, the FCI buys wheat and rice from the
farmers.
c. Farmers receive payment for their crops at a fixed rate known as the Minimum
Support Price (MSP).
d. Every year, the government announces the MSP before the planting season to give
farmers incentives to increase the production of these crops.
e. Food grains are distributed in deficit areas and among the weaker members of
society using buffer stock, which is sold at a discount from the market price, also
known as the issue price.
30. Under colonial control, the lives of pastoralists were radically altered. Their
movements were restricted, their options for grazing were reduced, and the amount of
tax they had to pay increased. Land, canal water, salt, trade items, and even animals
were all subject to taxation. Grazing taxes were enacted across the majority of India's
pastoral areas around the middle of the nineteenth century. Their trades and crafts
suffered and even their agricultural stock fell:
a. Many continued to hunt and use forest products by breaking the law. This caused
many of the tribes to be categorised as criminal tribes.
b. Many were forced to look for jobs in other places.
c. Many of these people were forcefully recruited in the tea plantations.
31. Hitler had a fascination for the nation's youth.

a. Schools were sanitised by removing all Jews and others considered to be enemies
of the state.
b. Textbooks were rewritten. Racial science was introduced to support Nazi views on
race. Children were indoctrinated with the hatred of Jews and the love of Hitler.
c. The spirit of national socialism was taught to German youngsters by youth
organisations.

d. Boys were required to join the Nazi youth organisation at the age of 14, where
they were indoctrinated to despise democracy, adore war, extol aggression and
violence, and despise Jews, communists, Gypsies, and any other groups deemed to
be ‘undesirable.’
e. Once they reached the age of 18, they enlisted in the military and then joined one
of the Nazi organisations. The Nazi Youth League was established in 1922.
32.
A. Ottoman Empire (Turkey)
E. England
F. Japan
D. Former USSR
G. Denmark


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Flying Colours Social Science (Class 9)

Chapter 2: Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution

2. Assertion (A): Many people supported the women’s suffrage movements.

©Headword Publishing Company Private Limited

5. Assertion (A): Workers in England and Germany formed associations.

Chapter 3: Nazism and the Rise of Hitler

©Headword Publishing Company Private Limited

Chapter 5: Pastoralists in the Modern World

©Headword Publishing Company Private Limited

Chapter 7: Physical Features of India

©Headword Publishing Company Private Limited

2. Assertion (A): Brahmaputra is known as the Tsang Po in Tibet.

4. Assertion (A): Lakes are of great value to human beings.

©Headword Publishing Company Private Limited

Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation and Wildlife

4. Assertion (A): There is a variation in duration of sunlight at different places.

©Headword Publishing Company Private Limited

Chapter 2: People as Resource

©Headword Publishing Company Private Limited

Chapter 3: Poverty as a Challenge

1. Assertion (A): Poverty means hunger and lack of shelter.

3. Assertion (A): ‘A’ is considered poor.

5. Assertion (A): There is inequality of incomes within a family.

Chapter 4: Food Security in India

©Headword Publishing Company Private Limited

©Headword Publishing Company Private Limited

Chapter 2: Constitutional Design

©Headword Publishing Company Private Limited

1. Assertion (A): India is a democratic country.

3. Assertion (A): Elections are all about political competition.

5. Assertion (A): Special elections or by-elections are also held in a democracy.

Chapter 4: Working of Institutions

2. Assertion (A): The Indian Parliament is bicameral in nature.

©Headword Publishing Company Private Limited

Chapter 5: Democratic Rights

1. Assertion (A): Amnesty International is an international human rights organisation.

©Headword Publishing Company Private Limited

©Headword Publishing Company Private Limited

i. Marie Antoinette belonged to .

© Headword Publishing Company Private Limited.

i. According to the members of the third estate .

Chapter 2: Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution

A. How was the city of Petrograd divided among its people?

Chapter 3: Nazism and the Rise of Hitler

© Headword Publishing Company Private Limited.

Chapter 4: Forest Society and Colonialism

A. Who was known as the forest villagers?

Chapter 5: Pastoralists in the Modern World

© Headword Publishing Company Private Limited.

i. Which of the following statements is NOT supported by the above passage?

i. Which of the following is correct regarding land routes?

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Chapter 7: Physical Features of India

i. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

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i. Which of the following statements is NOT supported by the above passage?

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A. What is the source of Ganga?

A. How does latitude affect the climate of a region?

Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation and Wildlife

A. Which are the common animals found in montane forests?

A. How is population density calculated?

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