Name : Vansh Dua

Organization Name : Ajent

Shop
Date Of Joining : 20.03.2023
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Question 1 : Explain product life

cycle? What are the different stages
in it. Why is it so pivotal?
Give examples.
Answer 1 :
Product life cycle (PLC) refers to the stages that a
product goes
through from its
introduction to
the market until
its decline and
eventual
retirement. It is
a tool that helps
companies
understand the
trajectory of their product's sales and profits over
time, and plan their marketing, production, and
distribution strategies accordingly.
There are typically four stages in a product's life
cycle:
▪ Introduction: This is the stage where a new
product is introduced to the market. The focus
of marketing during this stage is to create
awareness and generate interest in the product
among potential customers. Sales are typically
low during this stage, and companies often
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incur high costs related to research and

development, production, and promotion.
▪ Growth: Once a product gains acceptance in
the market, it enters the growth stage. Sales
increase rapidly during this stage, and
companies focus on expanding their market
share and distribution channels. Prices may
start to drop as competition intensifies, and
companies may invest in new features or
variations of
the product to
differentiate
themselves
from their
competitors.
▪ Maturity: The
maturity stage
is
characterized by
slower sales growth and increased competition.
Prices may stabilize or decrease further, and
companies focus on retaining their market
share by improving customer service,
launching new promotions, or diversifying
their product line. Companies may also
explore new markets or distribution channels
during this stage.
▪ Decline: In the decline stage, sales start to
drop, and companies face increasing pressure
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to cut costs and streamline operations.

Companies may consider discontinuing the
product or phasing it out gradually. In some
cases, companies may try to revive the product
by introducing new features or variations, or
by targeting new markets.
The product life cycle is pivotal because it helps
companies anticipate and plan for changes in
demand, competition, and technology. By
understanding which stage their product is in,
companies can make informed decisions about
resource allocation, pricing, promotion, and
distribution. This, in turn, can help companies
maximize their profits and extend the life of their
product.
Question 2 : What do you understand
by ROAS( return on advertising
spend) . Why is advertising prudent
in a product's success?
Answer 2 :
ROAS
(Return on
Advertising
Spend) is a
marketing
metric used to
measure the
effectiveness
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of advertising campaigns. It is calculated by

dividing the revenue generated from an advertising
campaign by the cost of the advertising. The result
is expressed as a ratio or percentage, which
represents the amount of revenue generated for
every dollar spent on advertising.
ROAS is an important metric for businesses
because it provides insight into the effectiveness of
their advertising campaigns. By calculating ROAS,
businesses can determine whether their advertising
efforts are generating a positive return on
investment
(ROI). A
higher ROAS
indicates that
the advertising
campaign is
generating
more revenue
than it costs, while a lower ROAS indicates that
the campaign may not be profitable.
Advertising is crucial to a product's success
because it helps to create awareness, generate
interest, and communicate the value proposition of
the product to potential customers. Advertising is a
key component of a company's marketing strategy,
which is focused on identifying and satisfying the
needs and wants of customers.

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Advertising can help a product to stand out in a

crowded marketplace and differentiate itself from
its competitors. By creating a strong brand identity
and communicating the unique features and
benefits of the product, advertising can help to
establish a loyal customer base and build long-
term relationships with customers.
Advertising can also help to drive sales and
revenue by increasing the visibility of the product
and creating a sense of urgency or desire among
potential customers. By targeting specific
audiences and using persuasive messaging and
visuals, advertising can help to influence consumer
behavior and drive sales.
In addition to driving sales and revenue,
advertising can also help to build brand equity and
increase the overall value of the product. By
creating a positive association between the product
and the brand, advertising can help to enhance the
perceived quality and value of the product, which
can lead to increased customer loyalty and
advocacy.
Overall, advertising is prudent in a product's success
because it helps to create awareness, generate interest,
and communicate the value proposition of the product
to potential customers. By using a strategic and
targeted approach to advertising, companies can drive
sales, build brand equity, and establish a competitive
advantage in the marketplace.
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Question 3 : Explain the business

model of Pepsi co in India? Who are
it's major competitors, revenue
model and marketing strategy?
Answer 2 :
PepsiCo's business model in India involves producing and
selling a range of food and beverage products, including popular
soft drinks, snacks, and other food items. The company operates
in India through a combination of direct sales and partnerships
with local bottlers and distributors.
One of the key aspects of
PepsiCo's business model
in India is its focus on
localizing its products to
cater to the tastes and
preferences of Indian
consumers. For example,
the company has
introduced new flavors of
snacks and soft drinks that
are popular in India, such as Kurkure and Nimbooz.
PepsiCo also invests heavily in marketing and advertising to
build brand awareness and loyalty in India. The company
sponsors major events such as the Indian Premier League
cricket tournament and uses a variety of channels, including
television, social media, and outdoor advertising, to reach
consumers.
PepsiCo's major competitors in India include Coca-Cola, which
also produces a range of soft drinks and snacks, as well as local
players such as Parle Agro, which produces popular Indian soft
drinks like Frooti and Appy.

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PepsiCo's revenue model is based on producing and selling a
range of food and beverage products to consumers in India and
around the world. The company generates revenue through a
variety of channels, including:
✓ Direct sales: PepsiCo sells its products directly to retailers,
restaurants, and other foodservice providers.
✓ Partnerships with
local bottlers:
PepsiCo
partners with
local bottlers
and distributors
to produce and
distribute its
beverages in
India and other
countries.
✓ Vending machines: The company operates vending
machines that sell its products to consumers in various
locations, including schools, offices, and public areas.
✓ Franchising: PepsiCo franchises its brands and products
to local businesses that operate their own restaurants and
retail stores.
✓ Licensing: The company also licenses its brands and
intellectual property to other businesses for use in their
own products and marketing campaigns.
PepsiCo's revenue model is also influenced by its focus on innovation
and diversification. The company constantly develops and introduces
new products, flavors, and packaging formats to appeal to changing
consumer preferences and trends. In addition, PepsiCo has expanded
its business beyond traditional soft drinks and snacks to include other
products such as breakfast foods, sports drinks, and functional
beverages, which helps to further diversify its revenue streams.
PepsiCo's marketing strategy in India is focused on building
brand awareness and loyalty through a variety of channels,
including television advertising, social media campaigns, and

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sponsorship of major events such as the Indian Premier League
cricket tournament.
Here are some key aspects of PepsiCo's marketing strategy in
India:
✓ Branding and advertising: PepsiCo invests heavily in
branding and advertising to build awareness and
recognition of its brands, including Pepsi, Lays, Kurkure,
and Mountain
Dew. The
company uses a
variety of
channels,
including
television, print
media, outdoor
advertising, and
social media, to
reach
consumers.
✓ Localization: PepsiCo has localized its products and
marketing campaigns to cater to the tastes and preferences
of Indian consumers. For example, the company has
introduced new flavors of snacks and soft drinks that are
popular in India, such as Kurkure and Nimbooz. The
company has also launched campaigns that celebrate
Indian culture and traditions, such as the "Swag Se Solo"
campaign.
✓ Sponsorship: PepsiCo sponsors major events and sports
leagues in India to build brand awareness and engage with
consumers. For example, the company is a long-time
sponsor of the Indian Premier League cricket tournament
and has also sponsored other events such as music
concerts and festivals.
✓ Digital marketing: PepsiCo has a strong presence on social
media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, and
Twitter, where it engages with consumers and promotes
its products through campaigns and contests.
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✓ Sustainability: PepsiCo has also used marketing and
advertising to promote its sustainability initiatives in India,
such as its program to conserve water in manufacturing
operations and its commitment to sourcing 100% of its
agricultural inputs sustainably by 2025.
Overall, PepsiCo's marketing strategy in India involves a
combination of traditional advertising, localization, sponsorship,
digital marketing, and sustainability initiatives to build brand
awareness and loyalty among Indian consumers.

Question 4 : 4. What do you

understand by the term server? What
is cloud computing? What is APIPA (
auto populated internet protocol
address )
Answer 4 :
A server is a computer program or a hardware device that
provides functionality to other programs or devices, known as
clients, over a network.
In other words, a server
is a central computer
that manages and
shares resources, data,
and applications with
other computers or
devices on a network.
Servers are commonly
used in businesses and
organizations to manage
and store data, host websites and applications, provide email
services, and enable file sharing and remote access. They can be
physical machines or virtualized instances that run on cloud-
based platforms.
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Servers can be classified into different types based on their
functions and capabilities, such as web servers, database servers,
mail servers, and file servers. They can also run different
operating systems and software applications depending on the
specific needs of the organization or user.
Cloud computing is the delivery of computing services over the
internet, including servers, storage, databases, software,
analytics, and more. In cloud computing, instead of owning and
maintaining physical computing infrastructure and resources,
organizations can access and use shared resources and services
on a pay-per-use or subscription basis from cloud service
providers.
Cloud computing services are typically delivered through three
models:
✓ Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) - Provides virtualized
computing resources, such as servers, storage, and
networking,
which customers
can use to build
their own IT
environments.
✓ Platform as a
Service (PaaS) -
Provides
customers with a
platform to
develop, run, and
manage their own
applications,
without needing
to manage the
underlying infrastructure.
✓ Software as a Service (SaaS) - Provides customers with
ready-to-use software applications, such as email,
productivity software, customer relationship management
(CRM) systems, and more, that can be accessed through a
web browser or mobile app.
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APIPA stands for Automatic Private IP Addressing. It is a
feature in Microsoft Windows operating systems that
automatically assigns a private IP address to a computer when
it cannot obtain an IP address from a Dynamic Host
Configuration
Protocol (DHCP)
server.
When a Windows
computer is
configured to obtain
an IP address
automatically from a
DHCP server, it
sends a request to
the server to obtain
an IP address. If the DHCP server is unavailable or not
accessible, the computer will automatically assign an APIPA
address in the range of 169.254.0.1 to 169.254.255.254. This is a
private IP address range that is reserved by the Internet
Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) for local networks.
APIPA allows computers to communicate with each other on a
local network even when a DHCP server is not available.
However, APIPA addresses cannot be used to communicate
over the internet or other networks outside of the local network.
APIPA is a useful feature for small networks or home networks
where a DHCP server may not be available or practical.
However, in larger networks, it is recommended to use a
centralized DHCP server to manage IP address assignments
and avoid conflicts.

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