1 Professional Practice

Acknowledgement
I am primarily indebted to International School of Management and Technology (ISMT) for
inspiring and inspiring me to carry out my venture of Professional Practice. Certainly, my
instructors and associates have solidified the existing document with needs, encouragements,
advices, supporters, and unforgettable counselling and recommendations.

I would love to explicit my cordial gratitude to my all instructors. For this record, I would love to
pay my sincere thanks to my supervisor, shakshi pokharel for her non-stop guidance and
supervision. Her important inspiration and steering from the start is actually a considerable
effort. Moreover, I could additionally want to thank my circle of relatives for giving comfort,
eagerness and priceless help to me. I could also like to specific my gratitude to all pals and
instructors for their love and concept in my existence. Millions of thank to you all in favor of
advices advice and notion for me.

Part-1:

Introduction:
I have been working as an intern in Techno ranger that's placed in Baneshwor, kathmandu. As
my key on this task is to assist education and improvement supervisor arranging and execution of
a proficient development occasion to unique audiences. So, to make this task simpler and extra

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best I’ve made a team of three folks who will help me for this reason to make this venture a
success. I’ve made the subsequent tables so that you can assist them to work hence to their
venture:

SN. Team Members Roles Activities

1. Prashant Shrestha Co-coordinating Expected to zero in the group's destinations,

draw out colleagues and agent work
properly.

2. Aman Shrestha Leading Answerable for creating and executing a

course of events their group will use to
arrive at its ultimate objective.

3. Denish lama Resource Utilizes their curious nature to track down

investigator plans to take back to the group.

4. Rijan Maharaja Completer finisher Most successfully utilized toward the finish
of undertakings to clean and examine the
work for mistakes, exposing it to the best
expectations of value control.

This above table suggests the jobs and obligations of my crew as per their weakness and their
expertise in this work. To behavior this task effectively and easily my group goes to assist me in
planning the schooling occasion which is mandatory to function efficiently in an effort to
successfully whole the schooling occasion. As group manner a collection is characterized
collectively of folks who perform related assignments to pursue attaining a standard undertaking
or explicit purpose.

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Demonstration, using different communication styles and formats, that I have used
toeffectively design and deliver a training event for a given target audience:
In the above agenda, all of the facts approximately the assignment for the training is provided.
Since 1st day and second day, I’ve used a lot of one-of-a-kind interpersonal and transferable
verbal exchange styles to make my education extra complete and friendly surroundings.
Communication is essentially the demonstration of moving records from one spot, character or
amassing to some other. (2011-2022, 2022). Here are a number of the skills that I’ve used in this
mission that are as follows
1)Verbal communication:
Without verbal conversation skills, the potential to progress in the working international and in
lifestyles, itself, would be almost impossible. That’s why I will be the use of verbal conversation
and that's one of the most crucial and most dreaded styles of communique, to form connections,
have an effect on selections of the audience and inspire them by means of my very own warfare
of existence to be an IT technician.
2) Non-verbal communication:
Non-verbal communication is a sort of conversation that consists of facial features, hand actions,
postures, and so forth. It is important because it enables to give precious data about how
character is feeling, a way to method someone and so on. Non-verbal communication depends on
seeing and studying bodily moment. For example: when you meet your best friend you smile
which shows friendliness, happiness and so forth.
3)Written communication:
Regardless of whether it is an e mail, a reminder, a file, a Facebook submit, a Tweet, asettlement,
and so forth all forms of composed correspondence have a comparable objective to unfold
information in an inexpensive and compact way – but that intention is often not performed. Truth
be instructed, helpless composing capabilities frequently result in disarray and humiliation, and
exceedingly possible legitimate peril. Something important to recollect about composed
correspondence, specifically in the automatic age, is the message lives on, perhaps in
unendingness. Subsequently, there are two matters to keep in mind: first, compose well –
inadequately constructed sentences and imprudent errors make you look lousy; and 2nd, assure
the substance of the message is something you want to boost or be associated with for the
lengthy stretch.
4)Listening:
The demonstration of listening does not often boost onto the rundown of kinds of
correspondence. Undivided interest, anyhow, is perhaps one of the most important styles of
correspondence due to the fact that, in this type of case that we cannot take note of the man or
woman sitting opposite us, we can't viably draw in with them. Ponder a trade – a few part of the
cycle is to compare what the resistance want and desires. Without tuning in, it is tough to survey
that, which makes it hard to perform a together high-quality end result.

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5)Visual Communications:
By definition, visual conversation is the act of graphically addressing information to
productively, properly make that means. There are many types of content in the domain of visual
correspondence, with fashions inclusive of infographics, intelligent substance, movement
designs, and then some. The possibilities are never-ending. Yet, no matter the medium, all
consolidate at minimal a part of the accompanying additives: intuitiveness, iconography, outline,
supporting textual content, diagrams, facts illustration, and motion.
Demonstration that you have effective time management skills in planning an event:
“Time management is the process of organizing and planning how to divide your time between
specific activities. Good time management enables you to work smarter not harder so that you
get more done in less time, even when time is tight and pressures are high. Failing to manage
your time damages your effectiveness and causes stress” (Tools, 2015). So, in this task I am
going to demonstrate about the effective time management skills that I have used while planning
the event, I have used two methods such as Prioritizing Workloads with objectives and Planning
& Scheduling tasks & activities, which are given below.
Prioritizing Workloads with targets:
From the start I must perform a variety of challenge to control the training event, not only for the
crew, no longer handiest for the occasion, for myself too due to the fact I am going to
accountable for the end result at the stop. So, prioritizing the workloads makes my plan clean and
properly organized that’s why I have made such prioritization workloads desk:

S.N. Work (Task) Description with objectives Prioritization

A. Team management To work concurring qualities and Very important and

1. Clear roles and actions shortcomings with explicit needs to work first.
undertaking to accomplish group
objective.
2. Gathering research
3. Gathering fund and
donation
B. Training event scheduling To have great preparation, to make Very important and
1. Selection of topic confidents and to make self-steam needs to work third.
2. Dividing topic for 2day high at the preparation.
with adequate time
management
3. Gathering research
C. Presentation To be clear about and to be intense Very important and
1. Gathering research about at the hour of show with completely needs to work
presentation topic ready PowerPoint slides. fourth.
2. Preparation of PowerPoint

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slides
3. Self-preparation
D. Venue selection To meet the prerequisite as the Very important and
1. Requirement occasion needs and to have the needs to work
satisfactory climate for the students second.
2. Expenses
to make their focus.
3. Environment

Planning and Scheduling tasks and activities:

When it comes to making plans for duties and sports in suitable time table, I constantly use to do
in Ms. Project Management as I point out above. But earlier than preparing time table I use to
make a To-Do list wherein I plan and prepare every assignment and their sequel with their time-
frame, usually I made To-Do list in Ms. Word as following:

Techno Ranger (P) Ltd. Training

To-Do List:

1)Formation of team.

2)Deportation of team roles and actions.

3)Gathering fund and donations.

4)Proper Training schedule.

5)Well prepared topic for training.

6)Well prepared presentation.

7)Preparation of feed-back form.

8)Selection of venue as requirement.

9)Preparation of adequate environment in venue.

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10)Well research and practice for an event.

Design a professional schedule to support the planning of an event, to include contingencies

and justifications of time allocated.
After my crew making plans, I’ll now prepare an agenda with every one of the assets that I can
get to
lead an IT making ready occasion. I’ve plan it for two days making ready occasion with the
pleasant timetable using time efficaciously and I also have determined to e book a motel to carry
out all this task as
I’ve decided to reserve ‘Everest Hotel’ for this occasion. During the occasion meetings, I will
lead the instruction event by means of utilizing a scope of various relational and adaptable
relational talents to make whole to the audience and the principle component is time utilization
purpose the dependability of making ready event is predicated at the usage of time productively,
that is moreover critical to get the grouping of the audience. Here I’ll display how I’m going to
manage the time table:
Day-1:
SN. Task Name Duration Start Finish

1. Introduction to myself 10:30-10:40 Sunday Sunday

2022/05/15 2022/05/15

2. Introduction to IT 10:40-11:00 Sunday Sunday

2022/05/15 2022/05/15
3. Introduction to basic concept of 11:00-11:30 Sunday Sunday
database 2022/05/15 2022/05/15
4. Tea-break 11:30-11:40 Sunday Sunday
2022/05/15 2022/05/15
5. E-R Modeling and Diagram 11:40-12:05 Sunday Sunday
2022/05/15 2022/05/15
6. Normalization 12:05-12:35 Sunday Sunday
2022/05/15 2022/05/15

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7. Introduction to SQL 12:35-12:45 Sunday Sunday

2022/05/15 2022/05/15
8. DDL and DML statements 12:45-1:30 Sunday Sunday
2022/05/15 2022/05/15
9. Working with queries 1:30-1:50 Sunday Sunday
2022/05/15 2022/05/15
10. lunch-Break 1:50-2:30 Sunday Sunday
2022/05/15 2022/05/15
11. Aggregate functions 2:30-2:55 Sunday Sunday
2022/05/15 2022/05/15
12. Joins and set operations 2:55-3:15 Sunday Sunday
2022/05/15 2022/05/15
13. Implementation of data integrity 3:15-3:45 Sunday Sunday
2022/05/15 2022/05/15

Day-2:

SN. Task Name Duration Start Finish

1. Working with constraints 10:30- Monday Monday

10:40 2022/05/16 2022/05/16

2. Implementing views 10:40- Monday Monday

11:00 2022/05/16 2022/05/16
3. Data control language 11:00- Monday Monday
11:30 2022/05/16 2022/05/16
4. Tea-Break 11:30- Monday Monday
11:40 2022/05/16 2022/05/16

5. Working with index 11:40- Monday Monday

12:05 2022/05/16 2022/05/16
6. Writing Transact SQL (T-SQL) 12:05- Monday Monday
12:35 2022/05/16 2022/05/16
7. Working with stored procedure and 12:35- Monday Monday
functions 12:45 2022/05/16 2022/05/16

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8. Implementing triggers 12:45-1:30 Monday Monday

2022/05/16 2022/05/16
9. Working with cursor 1:30-1:50 Monday Monday
2022/05/16 2022/05/16
10. Lunch-Break 1:50-2:30 Monday Monday
2022/05/16 2022/05/16
11. Transaction Control Language 2:30-2:55 Monday Monday
2022/05/16 2022/05/16
(TCL)
12. Back-Up and restore 2:55-3:15 Monday Monday
2022/05/16 2022/05/16
13. Advance Features 3:15-3:45 Monday Monday
2022/05/16 2022/05/16

14. Conclusion and References 3:45-4:00 Monday Monday

2022/05/16 2022/05/16

Conclusion:
By creating a timetable in Project Management programming, I will finish my days getting ready
occasion approximately of data innovation (IT) in the problem of Database making use of special
form of a hit relational capabilities and relational talents and which is additionally strong to
address the time. Relational abilities are the effective capabilities to talk with others. Moreover,
"Relational competencies are capacities to correctly impart, mingle, interface, and assist out
people for the duration of normal existence, no matter whether or not it's a character or a
gathering" (Gonzalez, 2016). Essentially using the ones correspondence capacities to provide
making ready assisted us with discussing eye to eye with our crowd, interface with each other,
control the problems that occurs while introducing a genuinely new aspect to difficult to
understand. While we ventured out in the instructional route the whole lot was new for us but via
the research of correspondence styles, verbal, non-verbal correspondence it became less
complicated for us to bargain.
I even have made Prioritizing Workloads with destinations and agenda to delineate no time like
the present administration abilities, which I have utilized whilst arranging the occasion they and
moreover, putting forth objective, booking, posting, centering and retaining faraway from
appearing a couple of obligations assists me with growing time utilization competencies for
arranging the occasion.

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Part 2
Design a two-hour workshop session based on ‘team dynamics’. The workshop will include
a presentation which will discuss the importance of team dynamic in the success and/or
failure of a group work. You will also provide interactive links to suitable sites and prepare
an activity sheet that will require delegates (trainees/ participates) to take part in some
form of teambuilding task.
Introduction:
Team dynamics is a device of behaviors and psychological techniques happening inside a social
group, or between social companies. “Strong groups can be one of the finest strengths of an
employer, just as bad teams can spell disaster. Group Dynamics and Team Interventions brings
studies and practice together to offer tested utility and intervention strategies to help optimize
crew functioning within the place of business.” (Timothy M. Franz, 2012).
In the schooling event I will not simply best teach my audience about IT subject matter but I will
even offer them the statistics, characteristic and technics about the group dynamics as workshop
consultation and with the intention to consist of a presentation wherein I will talk the importance
of group dynamic inside the achievement of a group paintings or failure of a set work. I might be
designing the presentation slides of about 2 hours as following:

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So, what is a team?? A team is a collection of a people having same objectives (goal). In a team
if we work together, we will achieve more than working alone.

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Group elements are the oblivious, mental powers that impact the heading of a group's ways of
behaving and execution. It is made by the idea of cooperation, colleague's characters and the
working climate of group. They resemble propensities in the ocean, which can convey boats in a
different bearing to the one they mean to cruise.

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Here are some importance of team work. When you work in a team your communication skills
will improve. The bond will also be strong when we work in a team. If we work in a team
obviously our teammates will support us and motivate us during our task.

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Does anybody has at least some idea what occurs in the event that we work in a group ??? So
what happens is that we will get more assets, data about in a real sense anything. It likewise
builds joint effort and it permits brainstromming. We will attempt to think something novel
something out of the crate.

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Everything have advantages and disadvantages. Very much like this functioning in a group
additionally have negaive point. Clashes may happen between partners as everybody is unique.
One might attempt to lead you since they have more ability, information. In a group there might
be a languid individual who sits idle or somebody who contribue extremely low measure of
work. So the person who accomplishes more work will feel one-sided . One must likewise rely
upon others since it's collaboration. On the off chance that every one of these happens to your
group, it is more probable you and your partner fizzled.

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So, I expect everyone understood. If you have any queries related to topic feel free to ask. Thank
you.
Conclusion
More or less, introducing about Endlessly group Elements helped a considerable lot of crowds. It
was more useful at the point when we furnished them with these slides. Additionally, giving data
no time like the present administration, made a difference understudy to know significance of
time which will be useful for their future. The achievement or the disappointment of any group
relies on how the members contribute towards their group. Thusly, to make progress, the
significance of group elements, camaraderie should be given side by side that is we as a whole
ought to contribute expecting just the improvement of group rather that individual advantages.
Twoaudience (most likely named Akash and Gaurab) were extremely intuitive as they were
inquiring every now and again and were extremely intrigued by our point. We were extremely
more than happy to impart our perspective to youthful and vivacious crowds. One of my partner
Ishwor was distraught about Gaurab inquiring inquiries to us. I even asked him what was the
deal? Yet, he wouldn't tell me.
Importance of team dynamics in success of group work.
Team dynamics is one of the most important things in group work. A team is a set of one or
more people or the collection of people having a different idea, thought and views. The team
works together towards achieving their certain needs. While performing teamwork to get success
we must be considered different things of team dynamics they are:

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1. Interdependence
Mutual understanding among group member is vital to accomplish an objective in group.
Significant level of relationship assists with getting outcome in work. In this way, relationship
assumes a crucial part in group arrangement and work.
2. Goal specification:
A team is formed to accomplish a certain goal. And specific goal should be given more priority
by the team so that it will help to achieve success. It is necessary to identify the goal because it
encourages members to focus on the work what need to be done to gain success.
3. Trustworthiness
Each member of the team should be sincere and honest with the others. By keeping their project
schedules on track, this helps the group. The group can perform on stage more quickly if
everyone is trusted. Clear and effective communication between group members is facilitated by
mutual trust and belief.
4. Cohesiveness
It is a method by which the talents and skills of the group members contribute to enabling top
performance. The ties that bind a team together are those of interpersonal attraction. There must
be a sense of unity among the team members.
5. Better decisions
Team dynamics assists the members in reaching a specific goal by assisting in improved
decision-making. Everyone in the group should feel like "us" rather than just "me." However, if
the organization's leader becomes self-centered and refuses to consult the group members before
making a decision, there will be disagreement inside the group, which will ultimately result in
failure. So, in order to succeed, a team leader should carefully consider each decision made by
the team members.
6. Communication
Good communication between team members plays a great role in team coordination. In team
dynamic, good communication helps to create a strong bond among team members and all the
thoughts and opinion are shared among team members.

Importance of team dynamics in failure of group work:

1. Lack of Vision:
Teams cannot align themselves for success if there is no clear, well-communicated purpose or
vision for their job. Even though they are not truly moving, everyone sways in various directions.
Because no one is sure why they are cooperating, everyone makes a variety of assumptions. A

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team may begin a project with a vision, but the vision may get muddled as a result of the team
members' varying interpretations of the vision.
2. Uncertain Roles:
There is nothing worse than being unsure of your actual responsibilities. When duties are
unclear, it can be difficult for people to know what to do next. Due of this, team members tend to
concentrate on a few key activities that make them feel productive, only to learn that they had
been wasting their time.
3. poor decision making:
Most teams fail to develop a sound strategy for making decisions and fall short in two areas. The
first is when they take their time making decisions and overthink them. As a result, no decision
is made at all. When they don't spend is the second scenario. ample time to consider their choices
before moving on with implementation and thrashing mode, only to disappoint us later or get
through battered and bloody.
4. Fixed Mindset:
The rigid mindset approach of many teams prevents them from evolving or inspiring. The
majority of them fall short because they already believe that there is nothing they could do to
change, alter, or reframe their circumstance. This frequently results in the smartest or most
technological teams getting trapped in one place. Some teams naturally think that if they can't
swiftly resolve a specific issue using their regular approach, there isn't a solution.
5. Lack of Resources:
Lack of enough or appropriate resources is sometimes one of the major killers of a team as a
whole. Sometimes this is the team’s fault, but most often it is the organization who chartered the
team in the first place.
Strategies for Improving Team Dynamics
Understand Your Team:learning the four stages that a group experiences as it grows. This will
enable you to anticipate issues with team dynamics.
Rapid Feedback: When you observe poor conduct, take quick action to correct it through
feedback.
Roles and Responsibilities: Setting clear expectations aids in controlling team dynamics. Make
a team charter outlining each member's duties and the group's goal.
Break Down Barriers: Using team-building exercises to promote cohesion and fortify bonds.
Communication: Keeping everyone informed and disseminating information swiftly when
changes are decided.

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1) Event leadership:
Sujal shrestha was granted the responsibility of serving as the team's leader following a
discussion among all the team members. I had to decide on the venue, date, and cost of the
event, as well as manage the roles of the other team members, for this work. I was also
tasked with sending out invitations to the event. We select the Everest Hotel, Kathmandu,
based on our budget and after holding a proper consultation with team members. The event
was the next assignment, therefore I was getting ready for it. Therefore, the primary
responsibility was to supervise and monitor whether the other team members were
performing their duties appropriately or not.
2) Event Host:
Ms. Salina lama was handed the next significant responsibility. Her qualifications led to her
being granted the best role. She was picked for this duty since she had hosted five major
events. At events including banquets, ceremonies, conferences, and parties, she oversees the
management of event hosts and attendees. She will assist in planning and organizing events
and make sure everything goes without a hitch on the big day.
Their responsibilities include greeting visitors, responding to inquiries, and communicating
with support employees.
3) Event Manager:
Ms. Karuna shrestha was given the responsibility of managing the event. She had supported
me at several points. She is in charge of an event's planning, creation, promotion, general co-
appointment, and productivity. She assigns many of the tasks to others, then oversees and
supports people who were given those responsibilities. This is a creative job that occasionally
opens the door to exploring ground-breaking ideas and subjects.
4) Food Manager:
Mr. Kumar Shrestha was assigned the responsibility of managing the food. He is the one
who can best handle it and has the best top talent. He was tasked with providing hygienic
food along with his team's efforts and nutritious cuisine. He also oversees food management,
making sure that there is enough for each and every member.
5) Volunteers Manager:
The role of Volunteers management was given to Mr. Prashant Tamang. He was given
responsibility to manage the volunteers and check if they do their work or not. He and his
team was also given task to manage drinking water sanitizer and provide food to peoples.
Analyzing team dynamics in term of group roles:
Team dynamics aid in the effectiveness of achieving goals by allowing individuals to play
multiple roles. It is based on the observation of the team in terms of Belbin's team roles. It should

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be observed for a long time to determine how a team works. There are three main roles that have
aided my teamwork effectiveness. They are action, people, and thinking roles.
a. Action oriented roles:
The focus on action is one of the essential characteristics of action oriented roles. There
are various action-oriented roles, such as shapers, who are highly energetic, goal-oriented
people who help the team lead toward success, implementers, who are equally disciplined
and hardworking and help the team maintain discipline, and completer finishers, who
focus on errors and fix them. People in action-oriented roles are those who are primarily
concerned with action. It does not imply that they are uninterested in people, but rather
that they prefer roles that require action.

b. People oriented roles:

People oriented roles are centered on people. It is an understanding of how people work.
It brings team members closer together and encourages them to stick together. There are
various people-oriented roles such as coordinate, which helps teams focus on their goals
and helps to spot individual talent and provide them with tasks based on their talent, team
worker, who is supportive, good listener, and shares goals, and resource investigator, who
is an extrovert with good communication skills.

c. Thinking oriented roles:

The critical thinker is the one who presents new ideas, analyzes them, or has special
knowledge or skills. There are various thinking-oriented roles, such as plant, who
provides original ideas with solutions and suggests new ways of doing tasks, specialist,
who is an expert in a specific field, and monitor evaluator, who works when a challenge
arises to make effective decisions.

Critical evaluation of my roles:

To achieve certain goals, a team requires good leadership, and the task of leadership was
assigned to me. I was tasked with organizing and running the event. I was also given the
task of supervising the entire staff. I was also in charge of selecting the venue,
scheduling, sending out invitations, and managing the event's equipment. I chose an event
location that is easily accessible to everyone. So I chose a party palace in Patan,lalitapur.
The party palace was adequate for the event's budget. I met with the team members to
discuss the event's requirements.
I was also tasked with delivering the presentation. I created the slides to prepare them. I
was also assigned the duty of ensuring that the team members are performing their duties
correctly. I have seriously evaluated my roles in this way.

Conclusion:
I've talked about team dynamics and their role in the success or failure of teamwork.
Following that, I had a well-defined goal that I had achieved while working in a team.
Along with discussing team dynamics, I also discussed how well teams work together to

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achieve common goals. I've now critically examined my own role and contribution to the
group scenario.

Part 3

1. Produce a report discussing problem-solving and its importance in planning and

running an event. Your report should include a discussion of various problem-
solving techniques and justify the solution methodologies used during your
project. You should also include a critique of the application of critical reasoning
and your experiences of it.

Introduction:

In this task, we were assigned to discuss about the problem-solving and its
importance in planning and running an event. Also, I have included a critique of the
application of critical reasoning and my experiences of it. Problem solving is the
process of determining, identifying, evaluating, finding solution and finally
applying the solution to the problem.

Steps of problem solving:

There are five basic steps in solving a problem:

1. Defining the problem.
2. Generating alternatives or Brainstorm Solutions.
3. Evaluating and selecting alternatives or pick a solution
4. Implementing the solution
5. Review the Results

a) Defining the issues.

It is the stage in which the problem is identified
b) Brainstorming solutions or possible solutions:
This is the stage in which you consider an appropriate solution.
C) Pick a solution:
After critically thinking about the problem, we must consider appropriate solutions,
and at this stage, we must choose the best solution.
d) Implementing the solution:
Now we must put that solution into action.

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e) Review the result:

Reviewing the results entails determining whether or not the problem has been resolved
following the implementation of a solution.
Problem solving technique used during training events:
The process of searching for and identifying the root causes of problems, as well as searching for
different and best possible solutions, is known as problem solving technique. Several issues
arose during the training session. The electricity went out while we were delivering our
presentation on the "Importance of Technology and the Scope of IT." On the way, we divided
students into groups and gave each group one laptop to help them manage a problem at the time.
Several issues arose during the course of our presentation.
Similarly, the main issue at the time was a power outage, which caused the projector to stop
working, and we decided to solve the problem by providing laptop computers to each group in
class. As a result, this concept contributes to the resolution of the projector problem at the time.

Main Cause of the problem:

The main cause of the problem was power off of electricity by which projector didn’t work and
we had to carry on our training without projector.
Solution of the problem:
We decided to solve the problem by providing laptop computers to each class group. We have 5
laptops in total, so we divided each group into four and gave each group four laptops. The first is
for us to present the slides. As a result, this concept contributes to the resolution of the projector
problem at the time.
Conclusion
I clearly explained about the problem-solving steps as well as I have talked about the problem
that we faced during the training session. From this we came to know that every problem has a
solution. So, we have to face it calmly.
Critical reasoning while problem solving:
Various types of problems arise during the training event, but my team and I do our best to solve
them. At first, we had to use critical reasoning and thinking rules to solve the problem. We think
critically about the problem and the situation, and we come up with a solution. We first used
critical reasoning to solve our problem and then applied critical thinking to it.
Critical reasoning is implemented for identifying, judging and evaluating problem of that
situation and help to understand, analyze, and solving the problem and find out the best solution
and implemented that solution. Critical thinking helps to recognize and think critically to solve
that problem.

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After resolving our first issue, we encountered a new one in class control. The class was initially
very noisy and unmanageable, but we chose two students and named them captains, and they
assisted us in controlling the class. The main issue was a power outage, which rendered the
projector inoperable. To solve the problem, we first thought critically before deciding how to
solve it. We applied our first thought, which was to provide a laptop to each group, before
moving on to other ideas. We each have five laptop computers, one of which is dedicated to us
and the other four are shared by a group of students. They also assist us by managing the laptops
and assisting in solving of a problem. Hence, critical reasoning and thinking help us to solve the
problems.
Research topic:
We research on “use of problem-solving technique while in design and delivery of a
program”.
At first, we identify the problem and find the solution in an appropriate way.
Research method:
We employ both primary and secondary research methods in our study. We create different
problem-solving solutions and get more ideas to face and solve problems through primary
research. There are 49 primary and secondary sources. We also conducted an interview with Mr
Harry khadka, a well-known event organizer. He shared her thoughts and assisted us in learning
more about our research.
He explained how He solved the problem. He always thinks about the problem that may arise
during the event first. Some of the major issues are:
 technical issues with electricity;
 a lack of time management;
 venue selection

He explains some ideas to solve problem. After knowing the problem, we have thought critically
and find the solution. He said,’ at first think critically about the problem and apply critical
reasoning and thinking on that problem and try to find solution of that problem and there should
be good communication between team members. So that it will help in problem solving.
Findings:
This research provided me with the opportunity to learn a great deal more. I've discovered that
interpersonal and communication skills play a significant role in problem solving. This research
teaches me a problem-solving technique. Interpersonal and communication skills are critical in
problem solving.
Method of problem solving:
It is the process of analyzing of the problem and finding of solution of the problem.

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5-why-technique:
I used the 5-whys technique to solve problems that arose during the design and delivery of an
event, in which I asked myself 5 times why. It is very helpful in solving problems. It is a simple
but powerful method for solving any type of problem that leads us to the root cause of the
problem. Because I used it, I learned about the deep root causes of the problems with their
symptoms. I questioned myself about the problem and why it had arisen. After asking myself
why the problem had arisen, I realized what my issue was that was preventing us from planning
the event. Then I asked myself why it happened again. By asking myself why, I discovered the
solution to all of my problems.

For example;

Here, this is the best technique to know about the problem deeply. And by this technique we can
origin of the problem from where it arises.

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Seven-step problem solving technique:

Part-4:
1. Having completed the Training Event Management project, you now need to reflect on
your experience and consider your Continuous Professional Development (CPD) needs.
Section-1:
Consider your personal and/or career goals and identify your CPD needs and what actions
would put you in a position to achieve these goals. Produce a development plan outlining
your future goals and identifying how these can be realized.
Introduction:
“CPD stands for Continuing Professional Development. It refers to the technique of tracking and
documenting the capabilities, expertise and revel in which you gain both formally and informally
as you paintings, past any initial training. It is a file of what you experience, examine after which
observe. The time period is typically used to intend a bodily folder or portfolio documenting
your improvement as a professional” (Team, 2016). The CPD technique facilitates us manage
our own improvement on an ongoing foundation. Its function is to help us report, review and
reflect on what we've study.

Discussing the importance of CPD and its contribution to own learning:

Importance of CPD:
Continuing Professional Development exists to ensure that an individual enhances their skills
and abilities once they have formally qualified. Typically, academic qualifications have already
been completed at this stage and an individual is now working within their specific industry and
job function. CPD is important as it helps to ensure that further learning is progressed in a
structured, practical and relevant way to guarantee that there are applied efficiencies in learning.
CPD allows an individual to focus on what specific skills and knowledge they require over a
short-term period, in order to be confident there is recognizable improvement within their
proficiency and skill sets.
“Education is not the learning of facts, but the training of the mind to think” – Albert Einstein.
Continuing Professional Development allows an individual to put themselves in charge of their
own career development and work-related ambitions. CPD helps people retain a consistent set of
high quality, relevant skills and knowledge throughout their professional life. The best part is
that CPD puts learners in a favorable position to demonstrate new knowledge, work to
impressive standards, and progress in their career. And it is important because it ensures you
continue to be competent in your profession.

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Contribution of CPD in my own learning:

Almost all of the things that I have achieve in professional life due to CPD and will be achieving
more. Contribution of CPD is huge in my-life and some of them are discuss below:
1) Confident in public:
Sometimes in life we tend to overthink positive situations; some greater than others. That
niggling self-doubt ends in imagining the worst-case state of affairs in conditions which might
betough and frequently prevents you from taking that one step similarly. At any stage of our
existence, your self- belief will always get knocked in a few way or another, whether it's thru
unwell fitness, paintings adjustments, personal circumstances converting or rejection. Awareness
of our CPD, understanding what our wishes are and planning and achieving our improvement,
can help us get better from a lack of self-belief and treat mistakes that have been made as an
inspirational learning curve in preference to a downfall.
As Thomas A. Edison said, “I have not failed, I’ve just found that failure will never
overtake me if my determination to succeed is strong enough.”CPD helps to provide the
plan for future aspirations and also the ability. It helps the individual to understand all
their skills and information that they need learned and build their qualification upto date.
It additionally prepares a personal to promptly adapt with the condition or
scenariobecause of that the confident of the individual will increase. That’s why they'll
not have thesensation of uncertainty and conjointly. It decreases worries regarding the
modification.

2) Learning becomes easier and faster:

As we mentioned on the top about importance of CPD. Only the required and necessary
information and skills are provided to the people and it didn’t waste the time on learning
the unessential skills for the long-term goal of that create the training method easier and
faster and it additionally record all the achieved information and skills that facilitate us to
learn easier.

3) Focused on the goal

In CPD only the records and abilities needed for their future intention is given to a non-
public and also continues on motivating them toward their purpose. The unessential
statistics isn't given or averted therefore the character mind couldn't be distracted. Those
objects facilitate a non-public to allow a whole lot of specialize in their purpose and helps
them to realise that in a higher approach.

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Produce a development plan that outlines responsibilities, performance objectives and

required skills, knowledge and leaning for my own future goals:

I have been working in the IT company as a senior IT officer for 5 years. About 100
employeesworks under my command in the company. As a senior IT officer in the
company, the companygives me some specific responsibilities, performance objectives.
So, as a senior IT officer, I haveto do several planning for my responsibilities and for my
performing objectives.Plan means the Written details of intended future course of action,
aimed to achieving specificgoal or objective within a specific timeframe. It explains in
detail what needs to be done, when,Here I have mention some of the skills, business
study, new field of working area and personalitydevelopment courses plan where I
believe that if I achieve all those study and skills, from then Ican move forward to
achieve the post of CEO of the company.

Conclusion:

In this manner I have created an elegantly composed on the subject of the significance
of CPD (Continuing Professional Development) and moreover word the
commitments of CPD in mypersonal getting to know and furthermore, I actually have
produced an advancement plan the ones lines liabilities,execution destinations and
required competencies, information and inclining for personal future
objectives.Taking the whole lot under consideration, one may say that CPD is
esteemed and is considered as a hitwhen it tends to the necessities of person
clinicians, the populaces they serve and theassociations interior which they work. Be
that as it can, the take a look at for CPD might lie in the powerfulconnection among
instructive open doorways and management conveyance requirements as there might
be activities wherein they strive with each other for assets.

Section 2
Conduct some research into motivational theories and illustrate how they can be
used to improve employee performance. Compare a number of theories and
present your findings.

Introduction:

Motivation is such an vital detail in improving work productiveness, every

educational administrator desires to have a company expertise of how it pertains to
job pleasure and praise systems. Based on several state and national studies
concerning the circumstance of schools, asuper deal of time, electricity, and attempt
is expended by way of educational administrators seeking to enhancethe effectiveness
and efficiency of educational delivery systems. Understanding job pleasureand work
motivation can be key elements to enhancing educational productiveness. A evaluate
of theliterature on motivation from 3 of the foremost theorists on motivation, Maslow,

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Herzbergand McClelland, shows that normal praise machine used in public colleges
satisfies only thehygiene factors and does no longer cope with the better-degree
desires that absolutely motivate human beings. Changing
how we try to motivate employees calls for a deeper knowledge of those two
motivational theories.

Compare and contrast different motivational theories and the impact they can have
onperformance within the workplace:
A motive what activates someone to act in a positive manner or at least increase a bent forunique
conduct, "Motivation" can be described as the ones forces within an character that push or propel
him to meet fundamental wishes or wants. The level of needs will determine what rewards will
satisfy an employee. According to Dressler, most psychologists agree with that each one
motivation is in the end derived from an anxiety that effects whilst one or greater of our
important desires are unsatisfied. Maslow additionally states that "Only unhappy desires provide
the sources of motivation; a satisfied want creates no anxiety and consequently no motivation".
(Burke 1987, 32). It is not unusual that 3 qualities are blanketed in maximum definitions of
motivation:
(1) it is a presumed internal force,
(2) that energizes for action, and
(3) determines the direction of action.
Thus far, the motivational process has been viewed as a decision-making process which
takesplace within the employee.
General Discussion of Motivation:
Essentially, 3 elements provide an explanation for why some personnel are encouraged to
paintings, while others are now not:
1) The motivation to paintings varies widely in human beings.
2) In the past decade, there has been a giant exchange in many personnel' attitudes closer to
paintings.
3) The boom in diverse government social assist packages has contributed drastically
to the decline in paintings motivation in lots of humans.
Overview of Theories:
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Abraham Maslow believed that man is inherently good and argued that individuals possess
aconstantly growth inner drive that has great potential. The needs hierarchy system, devisedby

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Maslow (1954), is a commonly used scheme for classifying human motives. It involves five
categories of motives arranged with lower-level needs on the bottom which must besatisfied first,
before the higher-level needs come into play (Wallace, Goldstein and Nathan1987, 277). The
five general levels of needs as described by Hammer and Organ are shown in the following
hierarchical order.
1) Physiological needs:
Food, water, sex, and shelter
2) Safety needs:
Protection against danger, threat, and deprivation. Behavior which arouses! -; uncertainty with
respect to continued employment or which reflects favoritism or
discrimination-.unpredictableadministration of policy are powerful motivators of the safety needs
in the employment relationship at every level.
3) Social needs:
Giving and receiving of love, friendship, affection, belonging, association, and acceptance. (If
the first two levels are fairly well gratified a person becomes keenly aware of the absence of
friends.)
4) Ego needs:
* Need for achievement, adequacy, strength, and freedom. In essence this is the need for
autonomy or independence.
* Status, recognition, appreciation, and prestige. In essence this is the need for self- esteem or
self-worth.
5) Self-actualization needs:
The need to realize one's potentialities for continued self- development and the desire to become
more and more of what one is and what one is capable of becoming. (The conditions of modern
industrial life afford only limited opportunity for the self-actualizing need to find expression.)
Two major postulates can be derived from Maslow's need hierarchy. They are:
(1) A satisfied need is not a motivator of behavior.
(2) To the extent that lower-order needs become satisfied, the next higher-order level of needs
becomes the most proponent determinant of behavior. The extent that jobs incorporate elements
that satisfy some higher order human needs determines their potential for motivating workers. A
person's level of aspiration is closely related to the hierarchy of needs, and attitudes will
determine the individual route which the person takes for the satisfaction of his needs. The
ultimate need category described by Maslow was that of self-actualization. This belief served as
the basis for the assumptions of McGregor's Theory Y viewpoint on motivation which was based
on self-direction, self-control, motivation and maturity (McGregor 1960, 47-48).

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Herzberg's Motivation
Hygiene Theory Herzberg's motivation hygiene idea is regularly referred to as the 2-factor
principle and makes a speciality of the ones sources of motivation which are pertinent to the
accomplishment of work. Herzberg concluded that task satisfaction and dissatisfaction were the
products of two separate factors: motivating elements (satisfiers) and hygiene factors
(dissatisfies) respectively:
• Motivating factors
This factor enables employees to paintings difficult and attains non-public as well as
corporation’s intention. If someone receives prizes, revenue improve, recognition, advancement
they may absolutely be influenced and they will enjoy their paintings.
Satisfiers: -
1.Achievement
2. Recognition
5. Growth
6. Work itself
7. Advancement
8. Responsibility

• Hygiene factors
This aspect would possibly cause loss of motivation if these elements are preoccupied. No one
desires to paintings where they are now not positive of their task, relationship with other staffs is
bloodless, no right work environment and most importantly if you paintings 10 to 5 for five years
and your salary doesn’t increase with time then that’s not really worth it.
Dissatisfiers: -
1. Company Policy
2. Supervision
3. Working conditions
4. Interpersonal relations
5. Salary

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6. Status
7. Job security
8. Personal life.

Herzberg identifies and compares the dynamics of hygiene and motivation as illustrated below.
The Dynamics of Hygiene:
❖The psychological basis of hygiene needs is the avoidance of pain from the environment -APE
❖There are infinite sources of pain in the environment
❖ Hygiene improvements have short-term effects
❖ Hygiene needs are cyclical in nature
❖ Hygiene needs have an escalating zero point
❖There is no final answer to hygiene needs
According to Herzberg, hygiene cannot encourage, and whilst used to acquire this aim it could
really produce bad outcomes over the longer term. A "hygienic" environment prevents discontent
with a task, but such an environment can not lead the individual past a minimal adjustment such
as the absence of dissatisfaction. A advantageous "happiness" appears to require a few
attainment of mental growth. The hygiene’s have always been - and likely usually will be -
simpler to degree, control, and manipulate than the motivators. The motivatorsAre more complex
and subjective, and frequently too elusive to degree. But to the quantity that management
concentrates on hygiene, whilst at the identical time neglecting motivators, employees are
possibly going to are seeking extra of the hygiene. This has a terrible impact on growing a
motivated workforce.
Comparison of Theories:
Maslow’s idea is based on the concept of human wishes and their pride while Herzberg’s
principle is based on the usage of motivators which includes fulfillment, popularity and
possibility for growth.Maslow’s concept is based totally on the hierarchy of human needs. He
recognized 5 units of human needsand their pride in motivating personnel even as Herzberg
refers to hygiene elements and motivating elements in his concept.Maslow’s idea is rather easy
and descriptive, the principle is based totally lengthy enjoy about human wishes. While
Herzberg’s principle is more prescriptive. It indicates the motivating factors which may be used
efficaciously. Maslow’s idea is the most popular and widely referred to idea of motivation and
has extensive applicability. It is in general applicable to terrible and growing countries where
money remains a huge motivating aspect.While Herzberg’s concept is an extension of Maslow’s
concept of motivation. It is then again relevant to rich and evolved nations wherein cash is less
critical motivating aspect.According to Maslow’s model, any want can act as a motivator
supplied it is not satisfied at the same time as Herzberg in his twin thing model, hygiene factors

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which acts like lower levels do not act as motivators, best higher order wishes like fulfillment,
recognition, hard work act as motivators.
Impact of motivation theories:
This literature review confirmed that there is a clear dating among Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Theory, Herzberg's Two Factor Theory of Motivation and McClelland's need for success
concept. This dating suggests the overlap of higher-degree needs and motivators and the
corresponding overlap of hygiene and lower order wishes. The decrease order needs have to be
met before better order wishes can have any motivational force and Herzberg's parallel hygiene
factors rust be met to save you job dissatisfaction. Maslow's better order desires serve to inspire
people and are of an intrinsic nature corresponds to Herzberg's motivational factors that ire
additionally intrinsic in nature. Hersey stated it without a doubt when he stated, "Management
through direction and controlmay not be triumphant due to the fact it's miles a questionable
method for motivating human beings whose physiologicaland safety needs are moderately
satisfied and who’s social, esteem, and self-actualization desires are becoming essential."
(Hersey 1982, 48). Further evaluation of those theories ends in the conclusion that once
managers incorporate motivations, elements in work settings as opposed to simply casting
offnegative hygiene elements, they are able to assume to peer higher productiveness and job
pleasure. This seems to be a paradox in lots of running environments where a exquisite deal of
time, strength and attempt is expended on extrinsic elements which do not cause activity
pride/motivation, but most effective serve to reduce job dissatisfaction. The thrust of all the
motivational theories reviewed is that managers must cautiously evaluate what they're
incorporating into reward systems. If the rewards are predominantly extrinsic factors then all
thatMay be hoped for are personnel who aren't disenchanted with their paintings. Satisfying
hygiene needs is rather simple, but the pleasure is short-lived and those types of desires are not
additive in nature. Motivation can be done simplest through satisfying a totally restricted region
of complicated wishes, which can be additive in nature and whose satisfaction consequences in
lots greater long-lasting impact. What is sincerely required, therefore, is a -manner effort that's
directed first at the hygiene and then at the development of motivation.

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Section 3
Write a report on the usage of CPD within organizations and what evidence would be
required to measure how effective this CPD is in helping employees achieve their goals
while using their time and resources effectively.

REPORT

Usage of CPD within organization

Sujal shrestha
ISMT COLLEGE
26 August 2022

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Continuing professional development (CPD)

According to Georgina Bloomfield, “CPD, or ‘continuing professional development’ is one of
those things most of us have heard of in our professional careers, but never really seem to take
on as often as we’d like to.”
Criteria for effective CPD:
While making and implementing the CPD there are various different criteria to be considered
they are:
a) Coherence:
When we have finished developing our developmental plan, where we have listed plans that have
some connection with our day-to-day work. For example, if we list the task of communication
styles but do not apply it in a real scenario or in life for practice, this is not effective CPD. When
we have a list, we should apply it in real time for the best results.
b) Duration:
The activities that need to be improved while developing the plan require more time. As a result,
we must set aside enough time to work efficiently.
c) Supported:
The plan must be supported by our teams or friends depending on the situation, as CPD is our
overall developmental plan, and in order to achieve organizational goals, the plan must be
supportive.
Conclusion:
CPD is helpful to improve to our skills and encourages us to work for our targeted goals.
Businesses are more interested as it helps in increasing public confidence, develop skills,
knowledge and career as well which will be useful in future. So, CDP help in the career
development or possible career change in a future.

Sujal Shrestha