So, Krishyra B.

Intern02 LOWER EXTREMITY CONDITIONS 2

Condition Definition Etiology Epidemiology Pathophysiology Signs & Symptoms Complications PT Assessment PT DDx Medical Mx &
Management Assessment
Heterotrophic HO: Abnormal - Prolonged M>F Trauma -> inflammatory - Pain - Joint stiffness - ROM Acute: Correlate c - X-ray (bones)
Ossification & bone growth in immobilization response -> abnormal - LOM - Structural - MMT - Pain other - CT Scans
Myositis soft tissues - Trauma signals -> abnormal - Hard end-feel compression - Patient History management conditions (bones & soft
Ossificans outside skeletal - Neurogenic growth - Increased bone formation - Pressure ulcers - Gait Analysis - Gentle tissues) less
muscle system - Recurrence - Postural mobilization detailed than
MO: MC form of HO Analysis - Isometrics MRI
MO: Abnormal - OI - MRI (soft
bone growth in - Pain Scale Sub-acute: tissues, organs,
the skeletal - Continued pain blood vessels,
muscle ***LEFS management ligaments) in
- Progressive detail, used to
stretching rule out
- PREs diseases if
doctor suspects
Chronic: any further
- Continued pain
management (if Conservative
any) treatment – less
- Stretching recovery time
towards end
range Surgery – re-
- PREs sectioning, more
- Functional recovery time
training

Chondromalacia PFPS: - Idiopathic F>M Muscle imbalance or - Tenderness - Knee OA - ROM Prioritize Correlate c - X-ray (bones)
Patella Combination of - Trauma malalignment -> patellar - Crepitus - Inadequate - MMT quadriceps & other - CT Scans
(PFPS = knee - Overuse MC cause of maltracking - Pain during knee flexion tracking - Patient History VMO conditions (bones & soft
Umbrella term) abnormalities - Muscle Imbalance anterior knee - (+) Cinema sign - Gait Analysis strengthening tissues) less
that cause - Malalignment pain - (+) Camel sign - Postural detailed than
insidious pain - Tight ITB, weak VMO Analysis Acute: MRI
Young - OI - Pain - MRI (soft
Chondromalacia population > - Pain Scale management tissues, organs,
Patella: - Gentle blood vessels,
Softening, ***LEFS mobilization ligaments) in
degeneration of - Isometrics detail, used to
articular Waldron’s Test rule out
cartilage of knee Clarke’s Sign Sub-acute: diseases if
- Continued pain doctor suspects
management any further
- Progressive
stretching Conservative
- PREs treatment – less
recovery time
Chronic:
- Continued pain Surgery – re-
 management (if sectioning, more
any) recovery time
- Stretching
towards end
range
- PREs
- Functional
training

Knee Conditions & a. Lesion at the a. Trauma, a. M > F Refer to etiology a. Joint pain, instability, Chronic pain, - ROM Acute: Correlate c - X-ray (bones)
Deformities subchondral part nterruption of blood LOM, clicking instability, - MMT - Pain other - CT Scans
a. Osteochondritis of the femoral supply, genetics, joint b. 18-19 compensatory - Patient History management conditions (bones & soft
Dissecans
condyle abnormalities (MC: months b.-d. Compensatory mechanisms - Gait Analysis - Gentle tissues) less
b. Bow Legged
c. Knocked Knees lateral aspect of muscle imbalances, - Postural mobilization detailed than
d. Recurvatum b. Genu Varum femoral condyle) c. 3 to 4 years postural & gait deviations Analysis - Isometrics MRI
e. Bursitis (patella located old - OI - MRI (soft
laterally in b-c. Congenital and e. Inflammation, pain, - Pain Scale Sub-acute: tissues, organs,
relation to the develops normally d. F > M swelling - Continued pain blood vessels,
hip and foot) after ***LEFS management ligaments) in
e. M > F - Progressive detail, used to
c. Genu Valgum d. Laxity, stretching rule out
(patella located weak/paralyzed - PREs diseases if
medially in quadriceps doctor suspects
relation to the Chronic: any further
hip and foot) e. Overuse, repetitive - Continued pain
movements management (if Conservative
d. Saber legs any) treatment – less
(knee - Stretching recovery time
hyperextension) towards end
range Surgery –
e. Inflammation - PREs excision of
of the bursa - Functional bursa
training

Ankle & Knee a.-d. Tear or ACL – M>F Refer to etiology a.-d. Audible popping, Chronic pain, a. Lachman, Gait training c Correlate c - X-ray (bones)
Ligamentum rupture of the hyperextension severe pain, rapid swelling, instability Anterior Drawer AD, gentle other - CT Scans
Sprains ligaments of the Sports, MVA, laxity, LOM Test ROMES c conditions (bones & soft
a. ACL knee PCL – hyperflexion trauma strengthening tissues) less
b. PCL e. Laxity, antalgic gait, dull; b. Posterior detailed than
c. LCL e. Tear of MCL/LCL/Meniscal deep pain Drawer Test, Open chain to MRI
d. MCL meniscus Tear – valgus/ varus Posterior Sag closed chain - MRI (soft
e. Meniscal Tear stress c rotation f. Edema, pain, laxity Sign tissues, organs,
f. Deltoid f. Tearing or Proprioception, blood vessels,
Ligament (Ankle rupture of Deltoid lgmt. – c. Varus Stress balance training ligaments) in
Sprain) deltoid lgmt. trauma, hyper Test detail, used to
eversion Return to rule out
d. Valgus Stress function diseases if
Test doctor suspects
any further
e. Kleiger’s
Conservative
 treatment – less
recovery time

Surgery –
Grafting,
Ligament repair

Foot Conditions a. Inflammation a. Repetitive stress a.-c. Young, Refer to etiology Pain, tenderness, swelling Chronic pain, a. Thomas Test Acute: Correlate c - X-ray (bones)
a. Achilles of Achilles athletic insability, - Pain other - CT Scans
Tendinitis tendon b. Heaviness Thickening of tendon or compensatory gait b. Windlass Test management conditions (bones & soft
b. Plantar (pregnancy, weight, d.-e. F > M fascia and posture - Gentle tissues) less
Fasciitis b. Inflammation using flat shoes) - ROM mobilization detailed than
c. Medial Tibial of plantar fascia f. M = F Pain increased by - MMT - Isometrics MRI
Stress Syndrome c. Toe running, swing aggravating factors - Patient History - MRI (soft
d. Metatarsalgia c. Overload of phase > stance phase - Gait Analysis Sub-acute: tissues, organs,
e. Hallux Valgus tibialis posterior Difficulty walking - Postural - Continued pain blood vessels,
f. Hallux Rigidus d.-e. Frequent Analysis management ligaments) in
d. Pain at ball of wearing of tight high - OI - Progressive detail, used to
feet heels - Pain Scale stretching rule out
- PREs diseases if
e. Outward f. Osteophyte ***LEFS doctor suspects
angulation of big formation Chronic: any further
toe - Continued pain
management (if Conservative
f. Rigidness, any) treatment – less
osteophyte - Stretching recovery time
formation at the towards end
big toe range
- PREs
- Functional
training

***Proper
wearing of foot