v\ 5lJie1 cJ;T acrl}q IG

(Dialectic of Hegel)
~ql$.:t (Sabine)~ fff@ %fcf;- ''"ITTlffi ~ ~ cfiT ~ ~ ~ ctcf;" ~ ~ 2TT ~ ~-;p.fr
-="i-~1~Fo&-.-ch ~ cfiT >1faq1~1 cf?t 1 7:ffi ~~CflG %1" ~ ~ cfiT 3lT~ $fct~m r-ITT <1~ff:i-:fi 0---11@--11 ~
cf){,J ~, ""ITTlffi ctt $fa~m cn1 clll@!.11 ~ 3RJlfu cllrc@ ?:IT~ o-.:irc@ ~ ~ i:rnfi:i-r f ~ cf,T
0

~r('"tj,
P1i.iro1 -;,eff cfl@, ~ ~ ~ moT %I,, ~ m tf'R@T cfiT $@~H4 ~ fitj,Fa4i q;"1" ~
s,~ t f'-lifl 4. >lfllch ~ ~ rc1~1ec o~ flP-llf'Jfch 4PIGH · ~ ~ ~ 'J:fRq 34clfa-..r:ff cfiT 51~f~ld
cn«iT i, "ITTlffi ~ ~ ~ rc1cfim ~~mm Tifil ~ ~ -q 1' ~ ~-~~ mt-~ ii m
%I~ rc1cti lfl ~ ~ qf<c1d11· -q flifllRcfi ~ cfiT "ITT~ 1' ~ rc1:icllr&fl cfiT "ITT~ mm% I "ITTlffi ~ fcHCfici-11 -a
cfiT 3Rcfi ~ ~ ~mr ~ %-~ ~ , tcrr rc1tjcfi ~ 3lTR, rqcfim sf>l-1 q;T ~~cf)) "ITTlffi
~ i;~i:1 1~ (Dialectic) cfiT 1'P1 ~%I
s;~c11< "ITTlffi cfiT 141fclcfi fcrcm: ~ %, ~ ~ ~ clll@I m
cfcfij t- ~ lR cf>1 tom
~ alfqq; f4tl c11 ~cift% am "ITTlffi~~ ~ {1\l14l@cfi fc1i4R1· "q;T~iFJ Rcf>f~~
°% I ti~cflG cfil anhft {t\9HH sl$<9f<!cfi (Dialectic )%~ mcfi" ~ t° ~ '5i~d 3n(Dialego) ti~
TTITT i, sl$cl'II cfil 31~ %cnc:- rc1cf,G ~ , su=c111 7f1R -q "c1TG-fqc11G ;ru ~ q,l' ~ cm-
cfil' ~
~ >ltjR1c1 ift I fjcfi{lc1 ·;r ~ ~ cfiT ~~ ~ ~ , ~ - t° ~ ~ 3llA' Si@ctl~ <ff
fcrirm &TU ~ ~ ~ ocITT am 1rc@lff -q fcmm (Contradictions) om 31tj31fctlfl ~ ◄dlcfi{ o'H .
~ "WIT~ ~ 3rRfi1 ~ <1cfi" ~ cfiT m ~ 2TJ I ~ ~ 3TCA ~ flqi<ld cfil' - cf>1'
2r1q.:w--111 ~ cfiT 'tl>l rfl;J; ~ 'f{qf~cfi. :S1$cl'I "ij ftvRsit ~ %1 ~ tl•il1 cJiT ii1i.ctl« \11H4f t-
s;~c!IG B f<lR %I "ITTlffi t *°tll°
&fdljfll( 11,Hlff t' fcr:qr{ if ;~CfiG 51fsfiifl ~ ~ ~ d~ij(Of~"q
~ Gdljf!R f.-1<'.:fi~I <l '-lid/4 cfiT >l@c11G (11cfid/4 ~ ~ "ITTlffi ~ Slfffi◄I ct} '4fe.l1dl C <"fdJ I' am
d fl cfi I lIB %fcn ~ $1 f¢1, ~ I
%I f4;~ ~ ~ >l~cfi fcrcm: fc!cfilfl t" mi' ~-°CflG, Sf@cf lG N- t
~ "ij tj clctl %I Cf f~Cf if "ITTlffi ~ ff; "'~ -q ~~ -srqtfiffl 1lffl
m
(dlesis, anti-tbems and
synthesi s)~~ 2-tHd l %I~~ 'c11G 1F1 fcrqJ-{ ~ I1i<'f fqtjl{ ~ ¥fllcl~'" qif(UI a@fil femt4t .'
fcfcITT ~ "efrar i ~, S1 mc1,G • cflITT '5f@T ~, °Cf1G
m
am'
i@r %1~ )fcfiTHFlTT: 'l i'fT cflG 3ffi 'l y@c11c; <Iii fcro"lt ~ ◄fo•q; i: -
3<'1"1 Jmu fcrcITT: %;Jff ~ -il,- ~ <Ii'! f"l('l)dl I "ITTlffi t-
t
r~
51ract,G' cfft-ca;qfll • • • •

df-· i :
1N-t,
ti' Ii¥( ~ """1(
(Y:1iclld
ftjct,m -~ m (Spirit) ~ W1 ~l"4dl ~ 3TCA1I°f iRcf>1'Gffl'ij
~ m ft7IB if;- fg -cl l{ljBR $@6H4 cfiT fqcfilij ~ fct~cfi:tftt1 j
~ cfiB ~ ~ Mcf,IH ~ r-, m, ~ -q ~ ~ !1'3!1<11 •
WZf ~ ~ I ~ P:Ffil{4 cfiT 51fil41 if ~ fq~q; 1T °ffl -.;a •
~fctgm ~ ~ 1Zc.fl 4)R;cti >1f¢h4J ~ ef>«IT 1"1 t
t
r=-1'~'".f,q~~ %·3ffi \1JT fqtjcf1G"1 t- cfQ cfl~fcicfi 1"2

J. ' 'The hi .,tory of the wor]d, therefore, presents us

2. ''The nitional is the real and the rea] is the ratioaaJ/f>
• ..,>
 3
GEORGE WILHELM FRIEDRICH HEGEL (1770-1831)

~ ~ ~ ~-' 1it 'i?f' ~ ' 41 R1cfi ' "fl' t, ~

(~~al) ~ TT'~ - ~ -it ~ cf,J 0Tf'qlJTlJ %
~ ~ f.RT ~ I~ ~~ 1l\ ~ ~ ~ f+=fil<1dl ~ f.:fi" ~ Slr---lll½~cf, .Us1.r "ITT i:O«'lfqr.fi
1

~f., 1IfTL~ -TT~W'lJ 'm ql«J fq•:fi if~ ~, ~fcf iit~~ cfil i}"61,Wh -~ f:t~1 r,7fF :J
9

~~~-~I~: trrTR ~ <'.T?.TTif ~ 3ilG~ITcfi{OI ffl"~~ r.fil~f cfilIT tfcfi"" frnR# -il'~
mm r. ~ ~ r.TTRT r.fiP.:f cfi«ft t ~ fcfi ~ ~ ~ am -ii' ~ rc1~q,,q, q;«ft t cfeft
~~
cil«ifcFh<il tI
~~ctl~ cf.1· gfrJ, lli-~ r.fil ~ t fcfi ~ cfft fcfim ift ~ cfil" ql«'lfclcfi<il cf,J ~ ~ ~
fRTZ ~~<r eft~ ~~V- fi°cff l'cflll t ~~if tfcfi ~cfll lmt, ~~fc fim~
m
~ q jJ-{j f•=Pf, mcfil" q t. -tj 11 if <'fR ~ f-
( 1) ~ iRJ (Being) , ( 2 ) ~ cfllT ,mt (Non-being) am (3) "SJ~~ cfil "lJllT 7:JT ~
GfT sifRT (becoming) I
~ ~ ~ <'ft;rr cfTT-( 1) ~ (Thesis), (2) Sl@cilG (Antithesis) '<i'?.TT (3) ~ (Synthesis)
~t I ~ r.fiT ~-t;l,4-:f, ~~~1 :f-fi 3Gl~{OI ~ ~~~~f 1'4R"Rl'ctiWo!l'fcRT~
if;~ it~~ ~% f.:fi" m-:fl 3q4'pn ~, ~ ~ ~ SlfacilG ~~(An ti-thes is) "q
~~
mt fen ITT 3q ljj ln ~ t ,"filOO ~ ~ ~ cf,J {il.j;qlj cfim ~~~( Synt hesis )~
~m ~ fcfi ~ r.fiT 3q,~'1r,a, ~ 1l\ R~ t, ~ , cf~, q1.flqa ~~~if
%~ ~ -:}ilq~lji:f,ol ~ "tf{ ~ chl ~ cf;{ 31"CfTI" 611ct:ellciioi~ l{U cf;{~ t I
$fl,;f~ d'i 1i1f,,a,
~7.T R~in - ~ if 3TI1rcfilu:rm~am~~~GJR31fqi:rFflm1<J~cf;{~m~
~ m 3TT% ~ 3qll1r,a, m~ t 13IB: ~-q: ~~ qRu11q 'tl\-qt,raf fcf>"m11
aqii1~n
~~ ~ m ~~ am
ift, s,faq,G ~~Gf fiff cf,J {iJ.1;qlj itTflfr,
t;"l ~cf, focfil~ if; de_if~{Ol-m7R1' cf,J ~ t Ffi" ~am ~ ~-q: ~ ~lliif"1cfi ~~
#, fr.pm it" f!_TT # o?.TT ,?,p.i "ffift ~rn -q: fqcfim cfil ~ ~ ~ftl•n+H ~ t I~~ lfim ~
fc4~14r1, ~ i him ~ ~~ ar,r -q: ~ m qJffi ~~cm~~~ ~'jo tr1 ~
!.lfaq1f<c1 ~ t'1irm ~ rtj d~l~{Uj ~f mt' ~m i;~lciich ~cfilo Ql@I
~t-
~ m it~ in fq;;filfi it~ Slfshlll~ ~ f I ait -q: ~ ~ ~ (Genn) m-ffi t, Sl@cfiG
"3m.1~:cf.UTf., ~o?.ff "{"3J ~zj1W J~~~ ~mm t,~~* 'UcR :Rm1 3llfflc irr~
~imt.o?.TT Wlli -qm ~~~ ~~a mrr t -im~t,~*'Q;ch"GRcffi'ffif"ijifRT
cTR (The~is) t , ~ # Tif ~ cfi1 ~,q,~{ ~ 3l'f{ ifl1T Sl@qlG (Anti-thesis) t I Sl@cll<~ ~ ~ 'chT
mir~~~ ~#t fr.fi 3lcf~ ~*~" ij~'ff l-m, ~cff l'•~1 r.1~ tamq ;fGR
R11 ~ t m ir mmr GW WlR t.rm t ,
l'tPJ
Hi'-l lf.:1-:h tj,,,3.fi~ fr.Ffiifl ~ \ft~ ~ ,-§,Nch f~cG,~cfiT'eJPl~t,tniuf'51c$ ~cfft'S
si,l~~% fim ~ ~~t1ttftcmcf>T~~qdl~*~tq3ittl(cfi'ffl'ifft~t,11vg
~ J1141fJ!i:f, -mcA cfi1 ~\ft ~lct!lllchdl~ efil ~ ffi ~ f 31'ff! qftt\Jh llqq\1\11' if 3RJ: firo'\l $
B~fur jlJ ~ t I ~':!fdtt ~ ' s,foqiG' *~if ¥!3111Pfflr W'l'C lr.-t 11"( ~ i
i ~ t°
~vrf ::.fn: ~if;r~ 'tl\~ ~ s,fdltlPldl ~~ st◄ FM+,Wlll'I• aft'Alr~'r.lf
ov.r \,1 ?ti lcl~llr.f, t 1~ -mm-q cfirff \ft ...m f 1R-. \"I.S... ...-,1 IU (IJ t . , ,
*
~,fr t ~ ~ zyn ~m p~q;m q fq~qjfiti 1'11111f
m:rm m ~ i 1 ~ =~ <'tJftim> am sifdc11« <P
"i:7-F:TT~.fl "it~ ~ i nrit -u;q ~ .~ t I~ 'al!oijRlq'RMflf W'ilStf f
if ~~1TJJ?lf.f.1'!1ftcl~ (~ct'l tiara: ~ ~ aAK'N,'
"ifq, 7.f.1 ~ ~lM~ f..j--.f,,:111{ f. ~ ~ ~ ~ ,.;,1irlle1
 4 MODERN'S WESTERN POLITICAL THINKERS (IVTH SEMESTER) (B.A. II K.U.K.)

~ - SIUilf(1~1·o~"M~ a:trff ~~-q m~~ b.~qiG cffl'~cfil'ffi1l_cfi'{ffit I ~

~ l4c:li:(BI<, m - sio11f~~1· clil ~ f1<~~1a;;si (Despotism )~ 'ITTfil t ~ ~ t I f1 <ii~ld.-;ii if
&tfcki~l· cfi1 fqct.-;iidl cfi) ~ ~ i ~ cfiRUT ~ Slfacil~ t° ~ -q ~icfict.-;ii .m ;;f mor t' I ~
&tfckiql cfi1 ~ fqct.-;iic:11 ~ m'ffi t' . . ~ i I 3ltf: f1<~~1a;;si 0~ ~jcfid.-;il ~ w4;q4 ~ ~~
:CI\J\ct.-;ii (Constitutional Monarchy) ~ ~ i ~ ~ I i
3lcf: b.~ i,l4cfi fo-'1~ ~ ~ i fcf> $Fatm ~ m ~ awqr -q
~ fctcfim 'chT m9T i 1~
m cbl f-1<~{c:II cf ~ q;T ~ ~ i ~ ~ tjy fcffe.J?r i fcf> ~ ~ ~ 'chT fcfu"-ft rnq \ft
~ ~ t I~~ cRfil %fcfi" ~@t;lfl ~ 3W'fT t° ~ cfi1 'ITT 'Sl'chc -;,eff cfi«fl ~ ~ t
fclchlfl cilT tjt ~ i I
s;-i:al~ cf>1 fq~)tifri,~-( 1) i;~qlc; cb1 ~ P~i!ttal WCfiT ~:~(Self- propelling ) ma~
f.rRn: rqcnlfl m ~ t, ~ arm~~ ~ fcf>m ~ 'W:@ ~ ~ m ~ ~, ~ rc1~q1ti11
-q f4l1J4q f.m<f t 3ITT: ~ V{U1T ~ ~ ~ amm: mm~~, am:i:rr -q ~= fcfitm ~ Wffi t
~ ~ ~ 4>(1fq~q ~ fqchlfl cf>1' 3"ITT 3ffim: weft t I ~ cll'G, Slfaql<; o~ ~ 'chT ~ $fat?ifl
'chl -6lf1ql<fc:11 t I ~ m ~~k'-ich ~ ~ m-T-q 3ffim: 1 ~ tit-lfGT 'tffian -q mm- t 1
( 2) ~~qlc; 'chl ~ fq:flttdl ~ t fcfi° ~ ~ ~@lilfl WTIB ~ ~raim i·, fct~qjfqj ~ WT@ cl>1
3ffi 3TIRR t 1 fq;- 1:JcR ctr 3ffi I
<3) ~ cJR: ~ ~ ¥§ 1 ¥§ -6l~fcfu'tf ~ f '3ft 3TITf +-tc:1cfi< ~ m~ f 3:fR 'i~cm~ ~
~cfi{~ i ,
(4) cfR:- Sl@qlc; ~'lJTll~ ~~'chl'A1 1furmoTt ~cll'G 3lR Sl@ciiG ~~tl'~mt 1
Cs) fi~qi~l sif~;q, -q~~m~~~ fq~cfiLJ_ai ircrrt ~~~~ ~~
~- fq~qlfl-il cfil7:f ~ I t
\lJT cx:rfc@ "lfT ~ ~ zjcf'f ~ ff <f>(1di~ ~ cfi«fT t ~ fct:tc51ic'il cf>1' ~ t r ~ t I
( 6)
;.-i;l~i:fi Q;;J;@ ~ lJOT~-...,,..,"eftl@r--= ctr ~~lf'icfi ~ ~ f.11.if~f&d '!lllf ~ \lf@ f-
( 1) WR1 ~I fi~ifiicfi ffl-'1~ ~ant° cU«tfctcfi ~cfil~ lt~ ~t;llldl ~t I ~ : ltf~
3lR ~ 'chT ~ ~ ocfl ql«tfctcfi ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ '1fGt cfq;~ ~:W am: Jroiff cfif l(l qfl-qll ';'f mI
f:iffi~~ ~fcnm~ ~mm~~ ~~~~if re:m~% ~~~f,q1 {<1fqq ;
~-q ~ ~-q f!B;q4 3lR ff ltj\31¼ cfiT ~ ~ t tft1T ~ ~ ~ 3m11'RJ SIA otl4if4tt ~
~ 3q4'j,i, m ~%I
. ( 2 ) fi~i,Bcfi ~ W T @ ~ ~ ffl4iHif ~ trfilci4cl if ~ I 1TitA r..41:tij ~ afi\11( 1'fN
t
~-~atR~-~qffflt~~-•-
~~~fff ifil%fq ;'~~ ;-i;iciicfi-q; $~ 41161111 -
(3 )
-•••
~t&T~ f.:1<~< ~t°1l~'tR ~'ITTWf ~lt\i'@~ ~ &•Wt ~l'(llQl't 'filr~'ilff
mimm 1~~,
£If«~. , .... ~
~ slffi %, cp.fffch ~ ~ rn 1f1 lm 'Wf>R ~ ~ 'i it M (tlfl Ifs,t-
cn1' ~IM1~'11-; ~lciicfi ~ , l - ~ \r
;-t:t~i:fi Q;;J;@
~ an'tlR 'CR~~ 3-1l~iiHI cnl ~ t- •. ,.
( 1) ~is41$1 3lR 61~~1£ff (Hobhouse) ~ 'tPm
ffl~I~ ~>l'!ITlJ~ 1-11Bi4 ~~~tmc6R1'f.
~ ~ ~ I 3i;l6{Ui~~q ~ ~ t' ~@8iij
(ij) ~critl-Jo m (iii) ~ ~ l ~ V c f i R ~ -
~'tf{'ITT urR~l~ WfiR~~ , 'fii'6"D.
Hcfi'-4'1r
GEORGE WILHELM FRIEDRICH HEGEL (1770-1831) 5

c2) &~l,l-{cfi ~ "cfil ~ 1it"t9'l°l -eyq ~ t- ftfi-~ tcrr~ ~an Ti nm~ qft f.mim: am
311li:4~llcfi cfi<-4-111 ~ \lfAT ~ ~ ~ 3TTlT@ t- 1 d~l~{Olfct{c-.4 ~ ~ IBW t Ff> ~R~dl am
f!l11r1ct l ~ fcmtjt (Contrary) °1'eff ~ fqfcq;;, ~ i I ~ "eftr@ ~ fcrum 1:fR mfT t I
~T~t1&fi "cfiT ~ i fcfi 64fc@ o~ m if m~ llR1 ~ ~ cfi1 ~ t 1
(3) flcstl$1 (Sabine) ~ ~ qft &~l,Gcfi ~ cfi13ilcJi+.f1I ~ 311~ 1R qft t fcfi-~ ~ ~
WT~ ~~ fcf) ~ ~ 64fc@ "i:fil o~ ~ ~ cfiT "ef) f~<1ffi t I~ m ~ -q {Jl~cflG cf>l
~ iii ~lll l TT<TT fcn 1'.:fRq ~ cfiT ~ ~ ~ cfiT ~~I .
( 4 ) ~ qft ~ if ~~lf.:tcfi <l~~ (Scientific accuracy) cfi1 3l'qlq t I ~ ~ , f l ~
cfiT l-11'114 ~"B ~ !,i fctcilGllAml~i ~ G1G1Z\ acfil'B d~cfil f!ll?.fi~'5f@lt l~V<t>R~
~ ~ 1;Ri fcfim ~ ~ cfiT 3-i')fi.lfll'i°l dt{llll iifl ficfictl t I dC:16{Ulfct{c\4 "ITT7@ ~ ~ ~ ~GTU
~ ~ f-i{ji~I (l'lict~ ~ ~ qft "Bcf ~ ~ ~ s.qlfu1a ml t I~ 'tfm qft Oi~~t1f1efi<1i
m
~ ~ ~ i fcn 'eft1IB ~ ~ ~ ~ cfiT ~ ~~ ~ ~ cJ>T sirar1r~ ~fc:tlqrcrr~
311\
~ ~ ~"cfil ~ll~ 0 1, ~ ~ 3iflll-i-.ll{"cfilm't:R~ l~(Wayper)~cftct;·'ttfffiMt"fcfi-~
m 1ocff ~1a1~1 q !,llf,facfi cfiffl (Natural Law) cfi1 ffi4;1~ $~f(1(( (11efif~~ efJ fcfi" ~ ~ ~
~ cfi0-H1 ~ ~ ~ m
¼lcfiH ~ ~ ~ ~ ffi.s:1.ffi· cnT ~ ft:r.; tfi"{ ~ ~, om
m 19cff o~ 2ocff ~1a1~l it &~l,Gi:fi ~ ~ fq-i-.!l<i:fll. cfiT ~ tq"@ chl' ~~ qft fcfi" c\ ~
W-ITT 1R ~ ~ fi~..!4 if 141-i-.ll~ ffi4;1~ f-icfil<1 ~ I
( s) sTcg <itcn vri (Dr. Mc Taggart)~ ~ ~ ffi4;1~ 'efiT ~ ~ -q cfr-:r cfil'd•n,qf ·
3WIT i -( i) -g ~ ch fcH I$ 7:ffl" %fcfi- ~ - SI fa ct IC: d~ ~ ffi ct I(( ~-~ ~ ij'44◄ ~ at{ 3R 'Sl'llITT:
~ qg;;41--11 ~ ~ fief.ct I 1 (ii ) ~ t
ct1fd1l$ ~ fcfi- '=tJ:f $Fcttm, 'efiFfl cr'fl~ :if Atlii!fi S1ftiici1 t"
t
~ cllctlcl{OI cf.T ~ "5f'qlq ~ I (iii) ~ , Sll<fifctcfi o?.11 ~11ilf-:iiefi P!4ijli1 - ft411t.n i:f &-fitll« '-fil'
srfstil!I cfiT ~ cflB ~ ~ ~ ~ "cfifo;r o?.11 ~ fq~qf t" ~ a~,-a -q,TI 11it lft;ff
ctifd11~4f ~ muT t;_~ql~ Slfiilll olli:4tR if 3TT~ ~ ~ itrft I
Htifit.i (Conclusion)-cfi2f<?t1 (Catlin)~ G~lc'-lcfi ~ cfiJ --'i~ . . . -iati-1 efiffl ~cm\" 1'i am:
fqf~ ~ "cfiT ~ - sifac1 1< - ~ cfi1""3flIT ~"(C\tJ if fq~ ~~ q-fl(i$ti, ~a,APt 11V1l't t
it~~~ 1-lt~{H m,~~ ~t ~fqfcq-;;J~affq,1 &U&ql ~~--l"'liitif"Y
~ ~ ~lf.:a 3Hcfi ~ I -...... '
m-o fliitl$1 cfil l:Jcl i
ff;~ ollfckl &~ctlC: Slfsfilll 7.f>T fcro'~ ~ ..,.,,•;•~•
61~ "ITT % ~ it ffiTtTI 1-l -f1~f-alli fcfict11 Gt~'{af ~ "{mIT f 311111111111
l:i11qf~P-fi ilf~m {4 4~ 1~ r~fcfim~r~tll@ ':'c:u~.i
~~~ ~ (Logical Law) ~q~dl 2Il I f.r:li'« ffiRIE,1
<l~lf+.fi
~ ,;r~· ~. ~ ~ ~ -w-:irl ~fct~m cfTT \llfdq,c:U({l i4iW
~

J'l.u;;:. iii ..>lull l-icRdd

 ~,.T.,, ~•" ,...,..,'-1 01 11. --11 01 '-11 1cicn1~~ en ~ cfiT ~3l!TW mm- 1 t
t) JI El Fc1> 3ITG~rcmft fu cic1 cf> ij; c;q -if

(Hegel As An Idealist Thinker)

W1.l %~ l~~ir~l<I fl-1~1~ ~ fcff'lf.1fe1~111· 3ffi iA©ctil' ~ fcrr'1A 1flTT "B 1fliRl 6' I ~ 3il~~fqt<)
Pt e:1~ff1ii c:i'IBi'-fi ~ ~ ~ '~ cfiT ~l~lf+=h ffl,H1' (Philosophical theory of the stat e)~ I mo
~
[ti
ffi m:ro 7i ~ ~ cfiT 3TJUIIU-14cfi fo,,~
(Metaphysical theory of the state) cfim 6' I mo
~i:fiW=H ~ ~li!.~fql<I U1..:;I~ cfl1 {~f'~ql~l fo~I~ (Mystical theory) ~ cfi{
~cfim 6' I ~ ·
~ri
~ 7i ~ ~ -cp _cfi{:-11! ~ i ~ aifckt?.fi ~ 1r11 PP~~o, -ra o~ ~~ ~ a~cti1 amrr ~
'qWR ~I~~ cfil ~ ~ o!.fcl~I llF@ ~ am o4fckllff t ~ ~ ~ ~ "cfiT m 3'.fl.R 3i-r:r
'q 'Q'_cfi c,~ ~")fqa ~ 3lR o'-W:@ cf;f ~ c,~ cfil '1IfJ cf)l W'tR lfRT I ~ m
d-ll~~fclt~l ~ cfil
wRJ~ ~c fil ~ cfitl&~ cf,1 wRJ"fl 3TI~"cf>T:f),rr~~~I
~ cfft a.1a:~h·.ucn ~ ~ ~ f~4141 rt"lf~f&a ~-
i t 1. TPQ ~ ~fctcfi ~ (State is an ethical institution)-'eftrR, cf)l ~
i fcfl ~ ~
I. "War has the higher significance that by its agency th~ ethical health of the
people is preserved in their
indifference to the stablization of finite institutions, just as the blowing of wind
preserves the sea from the foulness
which would be the result of prolonged calm." •
. ., 1 ,
I '

2. "The gun, is not a chance invention. Humanity needs It 'and it made it appear -Heg el
ance forth with. "- Hegel
 --..,~; a
MODERN'S WESTERN TI-ilNKE.RS (IV TH SE ME ST ER ) (B
,a POL ITICAL A II K.U.i<.) r..~ofl
~ ~ t ~ TTRt mc4f . -.1:. ~ ~ i. R A ~ t. ,~ -- ~
~ ~ ~ c;f;l ~ ·
cR14i cf.t fq ~, .f; ~
~~ · ~ -n r- n t~ t:
m~ ~ ~.:1 __ · . . ~ • : . ......, __JI
~ -~, ~...... ~ , 7"1'TM °3' , 'W J~ lll '-11 cf.l
tH i: 4 l~ ~ i: f. T ~ >: \1 -1 -a~ ... -1
~ TT: :i ~ f.fi ~
cfil ~ ~ ~ ~ m,... • ~ ~ ~ ~ . ~' :: t~ ~ l
" 11 1 ....,,1c<:p.,1f, C• ':rt .. ..,
~ ~ " ,;,c_> 1-,r, , '-'rll ·-,c, .,, "1'l (.'
q ? ~ ➔ ~ llIT T ~
s m , _ . . ~ . ., .. T,t. 1 ~
n ~t-:.t!("~ f I ~
.:;... ...,... .....,
11 \\"f l 1q- q1\ 1 qi'
q1{U114fc.4k, I.:, -rTTrt fqcfilfl ~ ft;w_ ~ --~ cfi .
~
l;'I
4a1 :r--m, "B1t.t1f-il-:fi ~ ~P •~
c:>
cf.1 ?,itjr\4 cf, ffi ~~~mm
• 1,_~~ • ~ f l ~~ t ~ 'i!ft\
c,1~$n cf.l maJ-:fi t ," i, ~ cf.1 ~~ •
2. (41cillcft * ~ ~ ~ cfi1' &ic-G-11 (State as an , tr l@ . .
t I W<-1 ~~~~~it ~~ }- ~ cfi"T~ · ~ ~~~~ \
(o rg an ic s) ~ ~ or ga ni sm
~~ ~ t ,~ ~ :w1 V:-fi-~ ~ f1m ~~~~~ wn ~ \
~ ~ ~ q;i : ~ ~ m'3'B :m i, ~ m cf.l ~ w im rt ~ ~ m ~ ~
~ cf;l ~ ~ ~ ~
~ ~ c x m @ c fi l~ ~ m t, . m- ~ ~ ~
3IBTT -q'( 1P q
~ ~ cf.t ~ fll41f.iti::fi ~
<t\l\.flfacti muft lTT10l t 3i11:
~ ~ IBV_ ~ cf.'?R 1-=t1 t.(¾,Ht ~ ~ • ➔~--...,..

~ t° I c.>

m ~ ~ ~ ~ cfii: ~ ~ &I f6Ri

tc:t cfil fq- :fim m ~ ~
cf1T ~ ~ aa1cfi< 'lj,°~ctl ~ m I ~ cf.t fii !¼ dl it
-q'{ q~iltol t 1~ ~
~m 'ITT oqfc@ 'chl ~ ~ " c t ~
a.m cfi Rl -e\ lt -?t ~ G{@ "I T T .~ ~ ff lp q
q"jillal ~ c.fmTI t I
~ cfil ~ ~ ~lcfit<
~ ~~ ~ ~ ~~
(i) ~ -rf ;j,H\~ct1I 'ilcft -ri f1"if<.1f&a "ii{@ ~ i -
tI
(i i) ~ cfil ~~~
(iii) ~ cfil ~ &1fc:R14i
mm i,
~ G:ro mm t
-e'TI oqfqd~l cf>l ->4f1q14 ~ -ri ~
~~t I cfiT d-4f~f31 ~c tM
(iv ) ~ ~ tfil "W ll~
3. ~ ~ 3-4f1cttd ~
q;1 ~ t
a~~ ~tfllfi:t ~ ~
@l1. t,
~ 3ilc4:tl\c:fi it ~ . ~
t
(The state is a necessary
in st it ut io n} -~ cfiT ~
6if1c414 \lT I ~ -rf ~ t 61 'qA q cfiT ~ fqc:fi\« 'T I' ~ fc6 t
,;nun, ~ ~ ~ 31Wl ~ ff l 3ll t I~ t
R -ri ~ fcroll (Contradiction in
~~~ ~M hi ms elf ) ~ cliU1t I t
~~~
"ffi1l \ft ~ f:4f<~~i-i aitt ~ ~m ~c qq fft «l 3m c:fii\1~1=t
q@ ~ I
m
~ (l:,jqt\=t (,l~~lq *
4. ~ ftci:;,1fekiq1-1 (S t
tate is om ni po te nt }-W RI * ~ if
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ -ri ~ 11 "t\l@ ~ tfi€<1=tl ~
t
~ Pt<cji:tl e~:tlfckt,n=t at n
~ '1@"fil ~ ~ ~ ~
\ 1
13e:ci\' 'tR ~ tfil vrtm ~ t m t,
cll{-(tfqqi ~ I ~ oqf t
~ ~ 13 :~ t,
'tR ~:t c1t\q ~ WRt 4:tctt\q ~ cfi1
v-111
t,
c:R\'-0 ~ oqfc:R\~ 'cfil ~
~ '{Jcf-TiaTI <f ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ t I ~ ~ t I ~ &.lfckl4U ch1 ~ -m i\ -
'iA1ffl
\UCRTaTI if "f fl cfimn \ I' 'l cq m ~ ~ qf t 'ttq'=ttaT( ~ f~cfil~cfi( ~uq,.
.q fg<( qi \
~ ~fdRcRt w;q ~~ :t, fcR1,n
-t ~ * 'ff l'. 1- ~ et f& .1
s. N• \ft t 1
oQPc@ aftt ~ -q ~ ; tr.n (N o anti-
thesis between Individual
-sq~fc:fd-am ~ if 1%m ~ c fi l~
aen {qct;.;i fc1cfi1e ~ ffl1l. 1l?IM ~ l:11 ~ ~••<~ '"""lfil~'IIFIII
cffl
an d State>-1P'ffl
~ 11."l
t, a-m: ~ tt1 ◄-n 1{c6 ~ t f$ "(flll 15fdw 'Ir ctlfi411M<f4a1
a'lll'lt
1. "The sta te is absolute om
nipotent an d infallible. 'lb
itself. It is the divine ideas as
shape it
and organisation of the world
of their pe tty aims and selfis
exists on ear th. It
hness. carries b a c k d W
ia tl\8 ~WM'
wi ll II
. The state earicfaM the peraoo
alitY
prcNlll
of.
me ..=.~na
e atatc is die mmch °':JOCI oa

ill . a.. bt.w

~ 1'lle . _ ia
i1Mlf ao
. . . . . . l&
into life of the universal sub ~ .._ .tD Dt -:Y a .. te -"
stance." 'W & A III I•
 19
- )
GEORGE WILHELM FRIEDRICH HEGEL (1770 1831

mcfft "fcid~dl ~ ~ tfRfcfi' t I 311c;~fqfc; cfi1 3-ll'Q"R ~ t fcfi- ~ cffl" ~ ~

cZl'm ~~ ii f
3fr{ ~m:l'R:f,_~ ~-~ ~ ~ ~~- ~ ~"B 'l?L3IT{ ~:?II Ffi a l:JRr.l ~- -- qv,fi

~~ ( ~ ) f1~'cld "ITT_ o!!fc@ cfil ~ fi:r,r I

-- t
own End and Pers onal ity)-
6. ~ cf>T ~ oQfckfo:f om ~ ~ (State has its
qil 3NJT 1]~ lJ!i FM.-51 &1f-Rif:l
mr@ ~ chl flicf4cft llr-IB ~ ~flfc:-J~ ~ 7.ffl" 'tlRUTl ~ ~ t
(l~ ~ i, ~ ~ flc;¼l· ~ 3IB7T ~ cfil wr-=rr ~~~mm~ ~ 11'1Rcf~i -it
mor
fll1{1~cfi ~ ~ ~d;;; il efm ~ tjt ~ 3IB7T -;,eff
I ~ ~ oqfc@(tj cn1 ~ m{UJT cf;t 1TJT ~
mm *
=q - 3Tj' o/.T T~
~~~ ~-q "& Jc@ ~e. rr, ··~ ~~ , ~m q, ~~ -~~ 3m
~ m-al I ~ >fcfiR ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ "tR cfi"ITT e_rr fcfi" '•~
t 3ITT ~ ~ 7.:l17T ~ -3lf''lP-fi *
t atR ~ ~ ~t ,"
~ cn1 flIi:i1..l! ~ ~ ~-wra, "3ffra am m--mo mm
t, ~ ocf) ~ ~ ~ fll'-11..l!
rr ~ ~*~WT fh·.ufc:,ia m t cffl" itcfi ~ ~' ~ ~ oqfcffilj'j cfil ~ ~ a-ai:ii:il q;J sifctf.iftTTq
'ITT1IB cn1 34<li:k1 fcR.rRt-.ITTT q;r fq~cltifOf ~~ M o mo vo 'Q:JO ~ (Prof
M. . C.E.
ft ~ ~~I
Joad) ~ m-;, f1G:fif5t f1cfilcl ~-
q;r cfiF.f fll'-11..l! ~ cfil 3TI'4c4fcR1
· 'J"'1
3ffi
(i) ~ q;,:ft 31Sl@f1f'tlcf) ~ ~ cfiF.f -;,eff cf;«fT I ~
·~
[4;- ~
flllil.=t.4 ~ -q ~ ~ cfil ~ Rrnf mm t I
&rfcRf ~ ~ ~ fcfim m=r cfil cti~-111 m~m ~ flfchtf.icfi 31~ ~ ~ ~ "cfi1
(ii)
fcrum "ITT I ~ 3lT"{ ~ "cfi1 fem~ ~ I t
1l'lf<cti1· cfil ffllilf\Jfcfi ~focfidl 'cfi"I ff'-11~~1 ~I~ "ITT &rfcR
f cfil ~@cfidl q;r "ffl(f t 1
(iii )~ m
~mum ol.WRJ q;r ~ fqcfilff mm i, ~~ m 311:A c4c1~I< rr fctlm ~ ~ ~
~ s3ll mt ,
7. ~<ffHhil ~ cfft- 3ilielQIH-i qt" (Real liberty lies
in obed ience to the State)-"ITT1@
{-qd ;;;iid I 'cfiT '8 cfi l<k'l-f cfi ~ # ¼1 cfi I< ~ f I ~ ~
cfil 1l°T fc.id .-5id I 'cfiT -;,eff "-IT1"ff I ~ ~ t
t fcti
~Lnr
t I cff '.
mfi til ,._

t l~
fcfi" 1r1Tfc.id.-5idl ~~ cfil

(1'51~1ll ~ ~ ~ m
m%1'cfl t
t
(Absolute freedom is the negation of liberty) 1 ~
~ 3l'4'J'q q;r 31ef fc.id.-5idl "d'ffT VcfiR -;,eff ~ ~(C\Y(1f ~
t
3l'ijlq cfiT 31~ 'fl~,(dl -;,eff I ~ {-qd;;;ildl
~ "ITT "ffcfi"ffi ~ I ~ ~ fGFn fc.id.-;iidl ~ :ilfcffi:?llctl &1fcR1~1· "cfiT
m
il1{ '1@ T~~ ~~~ ~cfi Jqf dlcf (Uf
fcfi Jl:f lf?: i~G fl~~ ~l~~ "Bl tcfi r-fr lfj& l'cf
!Ji"''.
btt t1 ' ~
ilGJ 'n1. f farwi' ~ q~ ..,d.a,dl <liT 'T'f ~
"{I <l'l'WJ On1. "'6d l 't 1 ~
'liR1ll u,,q ;i;- f<i;m ,jj
a, q;J ~ ~ ~ flcifqrt
C <iiffl' eJi1 -;i- ~ 3ltRT mfc.ia/4a1 ~ -i:tllf # ticfi1c12 ~ ofivlT t, {-qd/4
fc:4cfim ~~ ~% 1'c fl~ ~~ !,
fcf;m ~ ~ cf>1 amrr "cfiT ~
,, 1~
W@ ' q;r -i:ra t ~ ~ ~ ~ 'cf>l ~ cfiT 1:Jr-ra f m~
~ cfi'ffl ~ a:r:i-;fi "ITT~ cfft 3lrara:IT "q;T 'tffffi cfi'ffl f I ~m~~fc11f~41· t' ~ ~ct.-:ildl ~
r. cii1
f1~=qa
-~ -
' ~! ,
s. ~ amrcmT cfiT ~""«•di t (State Is the originator: of rig hts )-~ ~-{1'51.:il@cfi
m
~ ~ f~9'1"'1 ~ fcllcfil< 3fil
. (Pre-Political) an ~# Mi?i)fl ~ ffiff 'at'-ffif_ ~ SU$@cfi alf
I

~ ~ ~ qltlii4ld<d f \jfJ ~ t- dtHiRq,i fcfcfim ~ ~

~ - ~ ~ ~ ~ , "aniii%m ® J\1$ f; 31~ ~ tm ~ "i fcRii fq;m ~ q;r
_'$1~. 37flq~ljcfi ,,,, WRi TI ~ ~-aff
~~~
3V"- ~r ~~ -~ t1 ~~--irul]1, ~ olJfcffl t- ~ cfiT ~~am
. -~ ~ l«filJT t I ety are ide ntic al)- ~ 'UiRr am:
e~ 9. ~ al t~ # lti1f ~ ,rif t ·fState and Soci
-q fcf ~ -:m ~ 1
!~' ~ - .. ~ -q ~ ~ ~ Q'l'1d , ~ ~ cfi~ ~ ·e,inf~f.fi ~ <1:st~@f.fi ~
1~•-
 20
MODERN'S WESTERN PO
~ ~ ~ ~ ff l ~ if 31¥='4
c11 ¼lcfil( ct><.Cl W!,
~~
cfiT ~ t I ~ ¢11< ~ ~
- ~ 1;_,.,, cfil ~~
10• ~ ~ ~
"'"''
~ ~ (S ta te is an End, no
'f!,
i\~ cf il~ ~f c( cf il{ -i ·~
~~i1~
oqfcR1lfi cfiT ~ l:ITT{ ~ ~
THINKERS (IVTH SEMEST
ER) (B.A. II K.U.tq
LITICAL
.........,~,,....
" ~ ~ ~ t° fcfi ~ ~141f--iicf
.... -rl -
i ~
~ ~
t 3l ~~ ct >' 6q q( 1 fc fc( q;y fctcfiFEi ~ ,
' .
oqfcRlctte: a:f)-( ~41\Jlcm:. ~
cfil m ~ "B4$ d ~~ , ~q ~
t a m ea ns )-
• ~ ~~
...., • ..., q,i1 ~q~
~
1
. ~t °~ % R ~s qf qi j' -O 1

cf il~ ~- m t° l'1 ili :!. ltl c4

, mm~ \Jlctcfion cfil ~ ~
fc ~ ~ , , ~
1f o, lfi ~~ , ''~ ~ ~ '@
cf ilW -lr n~ W ~~ w :tR t° l! .t, ~f cf iw; ;~ ~ I I
, 3 l~ ~ ~ ~ ~ t~ fc fi ~ bqc :t(1
g)a1c1 ~ 3TTG~Tcl1G ~ 311
Hl ili ii r

I cfi1 ~ t° I ~ "B ~1~1-c\cfi ffi ~

(Criticism of Hegel's Idea
fc n~ (1'1Hlfdcfi fcl-i:'.\Rchl ~ ~li:!.ltl
lism)
cf,1 t I~~ ~li:!.ltlctli:!. ~ ~
cOt!_ cfi1' ~lcll-cl1I
~ qft 6i l~ -q11
~ ~ ~ "B 'q1JlT ~ i I "llFR ~ ~li
~ ~ t fcfl, (l-i11"tfd ~ ~ ~' :!.~ictl~ cfIT dil~1-q1i cm
qt l ~~ ~ ~~
~
i 1

~ ~ f1l~~I fB..&:Hi, ~ cfiT "B m1IB ~ fcfi:11-0 ~ fct~'4d: ~

~ "B ~ ~ cfiB ~
~ 6iflll-c\lU m-at t°, "cfi"I f1:H(-<:hl( 'qlq--:iiii4P-fi (1-:iict,lll .W:Rl ~:i
f-qt,
~ i fcfl ~ ff l "ITT ~ W'I-Zf
cfil ~ t° fsilBcfi 3TI'tfcf>R ~ ~
11~1f{ct,1 ~ 3TI'tfcf>R ~ d~~l41
t ; ~ fic (ht4 ~ ~ ~
~ ~ f1t.-1f<?1f&a 31 l~ ~ "B f~ i 1" 6il @ -q
1
~· ~ 6ile:~c41~
i-
1. ~m(:1h:.ua, ~~ auau
fclf'R 611~1+.lct,7 cfiT ~ t° fcfi ~li: t
Rqc1, ffl;J;.l:.a (Idealism is sim
ply a metaphysical th eo ry )-
!_ltlqlc!,1 ffl.si.H1 ~ ~
cm ~ i::rr-ra i ~ ~ ·cfi(,q1,-l:I
TT{ i ~ ~ ~ ~
t
ff\4'1..ij o?.11 ~le:~ic41e.7 ~
~
2. ~ ~ $:lcluii ~ ~ (State is m i1 ~ t,
~
,
no t a divine in st itu tio n~
w.n i::rr-ra t I ~ cfiT ~ t fq:; ~ 1I ~ ~ it@ 1IRT "6f;I' ,:tc:4<\ll
~ cfiT 31 qd R t, ~ ~ •·tl"
ell ~~q(\4 ~ t° ~ ~ "I T T ~ 1"1lll ffl t I ~ 9 '
~ I~~ cfiT ~ fi141f~cfi e•ld-i t
,ffe° ~ ~ Sllcfifdcfi ~ rEJ--t..t_ '1ff ~ ~ at,,lti ctft'
3. ~ ~ 61' 31'Q'.:rr ~
~fuitc1 't atn' "::r 61' ~ ~ (Stat
,c'
- -

existence or separate w il l) e does no t have its ow n

-~ ~ "ITT~ cf>l ~ ~ ~
"-i'tf m; u ~ ~ f~~cfil ~
31WT 3-1f~cct 31h: ~ ~
~ ~ qi,(cfT t I ·1141Rcffi ch1
m,
~ m3l"CA 11•1f<cffi cf,1 ~
cf>l ll ~ "cfi«n t a't l a~c6\ <lffl
~~ ~~ ~~
4. ~ ~ &1Pcttt
relationship between the sta
*
QAl.:U c6T -Mifl14, fti41:.
;m
te and individual is w ro n
w '-m
~ "-i'tf ~~I
t
(The principle of organic
lITTI ~ "tiA ~ , ~ ~ ~ g) -~ ~ 'U'RI ctn sqfqijqf cfit ~
3ltt ~ ~ "qR t t I 341~-qcffi ~ ~
t I 1'c:fii~c:H (Maciver), ~ ~ (Hob House) f(-4.;_i..ij ~ qi § atl<ffl'i!MI lf>°r
~ &tiJl-q-ii c1it t I a?:ff • (load) ~ «a,if9'ch't ~ ~ Ri
;;t .ij 1'ft '
.. -
·s. ~•«fft11cf\ <l'!'.ftfacti cll1T fffdc!h cti
di
if&.li ~ ~ ~ lfiffl (Idealists do
fference between the politica no t make any
l and moral o b li g a ti
~ ctft 1f\ 341(1~·,MI ct\ t ~ ~ o n s~ ~ am(~qlf«f tf; _.
~ (1'1i-flfdcfi ~ ~ cfi"&.if ~
~ at1c15t4cfi 3li fcii' "afr ~
t ~ ~ ~ t I ~ In ti -
---
,
1. "Practically all political
cfi1{.f1 c;ltit¥1°, l ~ if , ◄«t q,a. ~a, ·~"' ffl '!ft•., .. .
ablolution of the state, its allegewrit.en today reject moat of the Hegelian philoao,ll)'
d to div " · ·
~
r~
~
~

~ ,
~ '

[
 KERS (IVTH SEMESTER) (B.A II K lJ I( ,
MODERN 'S W[STERN POLITICAL THIN c;q
~ ~ f~ TM -qr:F,l t frTTt t -:r f.t
22
m
w. m~ ~; T{tif

lTr-R ~·~ f,1'; Jt,

7] TTTt
fw
t TT_j~ t ~ t. , ~~t,,r_
7f?1 ;f,l Tr7TTn ~ en ~w.mm ~
mraf rTcf.?.l
~ t-, frl i~ ~ "3"?lfrt 7j,,; ~
t. I
ii ~i irn di ~~ t1 i1
~ ·% ft (State is not Om nip otr nl) -3ili:1lil~ ITT1ITT ~ rH '11.:;l-1 (~
12. «Jsi1fr.H q1 1_
~~ ~
r.i4~1f'¥1Gli f.) -it \fr ,3if(•ilTFfJ ~ l
~ m 3fjflR ~ cfiT (-i•~~Jfr.@ 411 eft-n ~
it' z.ff t. , ~ qr, m ~ ~ ~ ~,fq< ltrf cfiT mfi:IB ~ m t., 6lH1Rcfi ~Ifq<llfi qiJ ~
"Rfm cJP.fl ~ ~ G{§cllf~,.ff ~ 'TT cf,7 t' ~
J
~ ~ "ITT~ if~ t 1?J"Rl ~ ~ V1:J cfi1 ~Ht1lil1I ~
qi -o ~~ t ~ HSGllff cf;l \lff il~ tfiT 'TT

I T-f .IT T~ i>.n fcfi ~ ~ ~~ r,f

~ ~ rn, sifi'Ml'llf'l<:11 wm i ~~I Giiiz~,ctl
m i ~ ~ 3rt "~ ~ ~ it 3P1 3l f~ it mfira~
~ V'fIB o~ m c:,qfr:R1'lct ~ ~ c:,qf~~i'lct JTT•-fcfiTU
~ cfi""f.J fr.fi, '' ~ l-il't_f~q; ~ it l-ichlfc#!in,
i o~ ~ "% ~
mfJ:ra ~ I 'I
1
*~. m
l
13. an~~fcc,~ ccm1fctcfirll cti1' vrt<J 'Gfi'B cf>i'
~ ~ an~~1ftctcfirll ~ 'cfi"«fT t (ldeali~m

l idra lise s the real then to realise

~ ffi cfiT wm:f ~~I~~ cfi1 cfl~fqqi
the idcal)-3ilG~fcm~1 w:ITTT cfi1 ~ WmJ
cf>T ~~
~ qiJ ~ 'TT fq~(9QOJ ffi ~. ~ ~
'TT ~ cfiT cfl~ fq$ ~ cfiT fct~clqOJ
it ~ cfiT 1r1f CT~ ~ cfiT 3rcrf ~ ~ I ~ Vcm M
~I
~ ITT ~ fcr,m ~ ~ q§f411I fq~cli(\11
.- - iOJlcl cJft :ZIGtaflRfc1> fbot1G1 cffl' ~
t)
(Hegel's contribution to Political Though
m ~ Ji' fi ~ ~ -q trr@ qiJ 11?f ~~
~ 3ilG~fct1f~41· q u;,i-i!faq; ~ cf>T
3mTT ~ I Gl~ff1cli dtlG~
dtlcf~~qi ~, J:lqilfcf4 t- ~
fc!IG ol'.JT
a
~ t' ~IG ~fcll ~ ftt~l-d ciiT ~ t' ~ ~ cfiT ~
'tf\ 3lJtnfur ~ ~ cf>T lJR q ffi-cfiffi'C
U cfiT ~ ~ a@R
cfiBT 31m
l 1
-qr,J oqfqa41· cfiT ~ -::r tJR ~ ~
~r (-flcllfc1 lWRT ~,
~ r~tli'* qiJ ~ ~ , ~ qi) ~
<114ict/4 ~ ~ 'tf\ {icf~1fqaJ411 u;,ia/4 rll'.JT
# "3"l-icfiT ~-~ trr@t- rti~icir 'R 3Timfur e.ff, trr@
ilcfi<~n~l ~ cfiT ~ cfwIT ol'.JT at-a d~l f
t-alft "ij cm
~ t-iift
qiJ l«f t, ~ ~ ~
i
~ f, oID >lcfm: tr@ ,ft 19cff ~ld l<i q;J ~
~ ol'.JT e.ifJ:m Q_q<:fl11« ~ ~ t' Gl~ff1cfi l:JR
t fi m i cf>T '{-l cfiT ffi W >lcm: t-
J.i~l1ctJ.i Gl~ff1cli s3TI I tr@ cfft {1"1-i!@c
t
cf>T ffl lit' =tcf 'i_af '{-l ii"'cll~ cf>1 ~ I '8l1@
~~i :41 ~ ~ IITT'Oll'- ~ cfft <1"1-il@cfi ~ 'ffl ~
t t cfft M ~ qft cll~fc:tcfidl qiJ iR ~ t' ~ ~ tc@ 'l18l
qiJ ~ fq; tim ,ft
t I W ~ fc6m' ~ cfi1 cll~fc:tcfidl cfi1 ~
~ fqj- ~ ~ t, ~ W ,ft fq; ~ ~ ~
"ij "dfl ~ ~ f-
.
(i) ~ tRr (Being), (ii) ~ ~ ~
t (Non-being) 3m (iii) ~'-fli ~ q;J 'lft1T ~ ~
iA ~ (becoming) I
(Antithesis) 'a'ff ( 3) ~ (Synthesis)
~ ~ l.J 'riRl cfil-( 1) ~ (Thesis), ( 2) Sl@ql~ 'ffl q;)f ~
d~l8{Ui '1 ~ '5lcf;R ~ ~ f I llFf
cQl t I iP@ cfft i:9'1c'icfi ~ cfiT Fl ~
t m:n t ~ \WU &1Fc RI Sl@q1~ ~ t- (Anti-thesis)~~
~ t" ~ -q 1'f FAR tff fcfi" aqcil,ft
t fcf; lfr;n aqcilift =ff t Iittm 1lqff«r T-r ~ 1fi} <-l'l◄iff<, '-1 cfi"{ff ~ 111' ~ (Synthesis)
·~ , q,.ftqn tt q ~
cti'f .~
~ t ~~ lif t aqc itfint'I qftf \'4ftlcl trtf.m t, \iitfl
11t 1( q
....
of &be Ofller state, ad
-Blmlflcldl"
 GEORGE WILHELM FRIEDRICH HEGEL (1770-1 831) 23

i f ~ dq4lfilctl i ~~ 3-llcl~~M,ctt ~ ~ m cfil' ~ ~ ~ d-l lc:l~llr.fid l~ ~ ~ m

t 1~ ~~~~ii ~.:ztm w't am:mt-~~ 3lfll'qRf ~ -;,eff ~~
cTT ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 3941Rlctl ~ wm 't I 3rcl: ~ii~~ qf{ u11 4 ~ ~ ~ fcfi m1T
3q~rpft 'TT~ 3ffi ,ITT ~I~~ ~ Slfdc:ll~ cfi1" GT1l ~ cf>T {44.:q4 "ITT lTm I
~ ~, G~lfl4i:h fo,<:,.:a ~m ~ c:11«1 fcii:h ~ cfil' ~ ii ~1 {4t;1iia, q;tffi i, ~: ~ ~
3fr"{ ~ cf>T "3"B ~ oq, c!l«ifclcf> ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ qcfi" ~ ~:"& 3ffi ~ cf>T 1FJ ~
~ ~ 1 F1tti~~ ~ fqjm ~ ~ fcmm ~ cfil' ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ t- RcR: ~ ~ m
am:
i I cm-~Fcti:.ti ~ ii ~ ~ ii {44.:q4 fllii>il~ q1J ~ ~ cf~~~~ 3fn: ~ t
U1R 6il:fiftta ~ ~ 3 q47ifl ~M t I G~lfl4cfi q-;.efo i;rTfu ~ l{R ffi-'.1~1· t- Sr.tiliif~ ii
t I ~ f«.&:H1 t- ~ l-lT,'q "B"@~ if RB'R ~ t- 'tf~ ~ m "ITT WT~ I WR1 ~
~
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ t fqi r i cfi1" ~mm~~~, ~-~ am: ~ -ddB cJTffi t
~~~ ~ 3:r~~t,
~ ~ ~ RfflT %fqi ~ cfi1 G~lfl4cfi ~ ~ 411ci)4 ~ t" ~ cfiB cfi1" ~ ~ ~
Vcfim mffi %, ~ ~ 6fR ~ lR Wm t" fcmm *°ITT ~~ t I
2. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - ~ t - ~ ~ f c f i m : '1TI (l>il.ft@cf> fiRRcfil'~ 4~~<{af
~t , ~~~. '~1I~ ~~"c f>l~t 1''~~ ~cfil 1I~~ ~c;fi l~~
1

~ 16cff ~ldl~ if~~~~ ffio&H1 cfi1" 9.1-/4Tfcta M , ~ ~ ~ ¥:ffiUIT 1ocff ~ldl~

*r~~<1 1IB 1ITT ~ ~ ~ ~ cfiT ~ fcrcfirn cf~~~~ fl,41f>Jicfi fl4~a ~
t,
m
ffi.&:H1 cfi1" 1l°ffiT cfiT 6if9l cf>R ~ I ~ fct'i:IRl::(flR ~ fll41F>Jicfi fl4~d cfi"I qftu114 ~"ITT ~
t I ~ fi1i$?1dlcOR tff ~ ~ fcfim: *~~mm fqi !,ll~facfi ~ if 'llJ&1 ~ o2TT "fi'4'R ~
* ~ ~ I ~ ~ 3WJR "3"B ~ ,ft ll::('6ll' ~ if ~ ~TU~ o4 fck141 ~ ~fi.3cfi fl4 ~ d ql°I q Ro114
~ i I cfllTfq;- !,ll~@cfi ~ if ,ft ~lfcki~llct, ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I 3rcl: ~ oqfc:@41. ~ '4' 1:ZJ
fl411a, m~ 2ft" mfl4$i1a 6JU ~ cn1 ~ cn1 'tlRUTT cn1 ~ cflvTT ~ t ~ fl4~a, @lR

t
~ ~ '4"l:ZJ "ITT~ I~ m ~ ~ fll41f>Jicfi fl4~d cfiT ~M t
3ffi ~ cfiT ~ fqcfilfl
~ ~ itRJ "q;'J qf{o114 '4'AT I t
~ ~ ~ cfiT wh,fck141i ~ cllfc@ cfiT ~ mt.R '4'AT ~ f>Jiflcfil ~ ~ cfi1" ~~
"cfil ~ ~ I tr@ t" ~ ~ 1l~c!IG cf~ CfilfllctlG cfiT ~ " ! , l ~ M
t am:
GT Mel~

~ ~ ~fat;mcii,~J cfiT mtr@~ "!.lt •

t- ~ tr@ t-~ ~ ~ qqi ~ i I~~ fci4f'-llch ~ ?lc~cfi o~ *lllfl1 (Droysen)
M 1~ ~ ~ cllfc@ cfil ~ t- ~ ~F1ct14 ~
o~ &Jm ~ cfiT ~ ~ '111T cfil ~fl"-H1 ~ cfi{cfi" {li.ii.O@cfi fi=RR cfi) 4~-tqttJf ct"PIGl1
~ t I "3"fR ~ cfil ~ ~ cfiT ~ ~ ~ ~ '4'RT t I m1@ cfiT am~~fqlf~ltl if l.f~'fq'{Of
0

~t3f R~~ m~t f<f; an~ ~t-~ m~m t ~t-~" 1m, .

) 3. ~c~n< ld~dl ~ ~-m- r@ ~ {li.i11l@cii "RRR cfiT ~~ fctcilGl{X1~ fcrq-lJ ~
~~~ ~ fcrim I ~ m-r@ ~ "&lfiffl cfiT 1{U' ~ ~ ~ a:rtfR ~ fGm, ~~fclQ. tr@ r.fiT

~
t
~ ct,7 fqd~dl cfiT fcmm '4'RT 'i.ilTffi I ~ ~1(11-qcfi ~ ~ ~ f fq; ~ ~ cfi1' ~ ~
!
) 'ffin ~ lfRol ~ ~ fq~cflfi ~ Ff;~ oefcRr t" m fiefTijl.f '111T r.fiT "&fqa ~ I ~
t
~ ~ rnH ~ t,
~
'oQfcRJ ctft r.fi't GT ~~2f ~ 3fR affeRJ
qj{<tfqcii ~ , ~~2f @ t-
i~· ~ ~ ~ t 311< cfl«tfqcii ~ ~ -$ fim;: al1Iiidam. t I ~ t° ~ &lfcRt~i cfil-
r
24 MODERN'S WESTERN POLITICAL THINKERS (IVTH StMESTER) (B.A. II K.U.K.)

cil«lf64::f, ~ cf.l mf.,f~ ~~I~: ~~~~~ cfiiinffi c8 ~ i@ ~ o-3:~ ~

ci l«ifciq-1 ~ cf.l ~ cf."{ UTT ~ t 1~ m ~ ~ GRJ o1.1fc:R1zji cf.'t <iirrit ~ cf.T f1ll-?4°1
-q ~ ~ i ~ fcRm fcl~<1 m1 t fcfl ~ cf.T fqct.-;lctl ~ °ITT 'SRA~ t° I ~
I~ cf.l
~ -m"ITT ?iHl~i':f,cll mt 3 f f i ~ I ~~-q"{ '~~ ~ ~•imiftmowftt
~'Bl~~- ~~ 'l-ft ~ ~ ~ w.m ~ U3'l.l cf.r mcf "efrm~ cfift t ~ ~ fflq
ii ftlffifT iJ 1QI :g- I
m ~~it 3r.ffi' ~-~ cf.l 1111R6fi (Ci vil Society) -airr ~ (State)
4. •il'IITf.:fi
if ?.RR~ {l::ii4'1fo6fi ~ ~ ~ 4Q'('q'{uf 0 t I~~ ffl~Hl cfft ~ fc=l-tl4ctl ~ t fcfi' ~
111,ft<fi m ~~~ii 3Rn: fi '[Q.. ~ cf.r 3TT11T-3TT171 -qtt~ q ~ liRm t 111 11Rcti
m ~ oT1 ~ i-t~ ~ .FB
3ffi ~ 3TI"{ wm ~it~~~~
~ 1 11 11!1.cti m ~~ii iR ~ 'Zfi ~ ~ ~ t- fcfl m cf.T ~ -q"{ 3ni F1F4r.:ti01
mq l:fRT ~ I ifTR1 ~ Fcli:ll<Ijfll{ 11 1 1Rcfi -~ cfft fqfcq;:;:r ~ ~ -gferB, ~ ~ t" •~ 1

in~m -~ t ,
S. ~~~~~-~in~~_ft~ {l.jj.flfe1<fi~cfiT~ 4Q~'-{of ~
t I ~ :mf~qlc_l ,rm irr ~ ~ ~ qif,! cf.l ~ ~ cf.l ~ ~ ~ cfiJT fi:t~ i:rr,r VfficJ
1fflJ t° I ~ : tl k1 ~ cfiT ~in~~~ mq l:fAm %3lT< ~ ~ t fcfi' ~ ~
1

~ ~f~tq cfil fli:f~,f~41i W-ITTr ~ '5lcR cfi«IT t I WR1 ~ ii Mm cf.T ~ ~ '4F@1 t 3m:
~ ~m 'cfi1 cll+afci-:fi ~ fl4~dl , '4'R cfl< ~ :efr l:fAm t I fl4$Tla'i ctirr 3P:J ~llf~'-{of ~ ~
"{Pqj ~ 3lTW ~ cfil ~ 'cfi1 ~i-lR ~ "ITT 'W-fim I~~~ ~-q:m :r7f t ~
3Wf. qf{o11q iRf ~ ~ q'J«fq if fcRro 'ITT i n ~ ,ft 3m m ~ f f i ~ ~ ~ ~ f I
~in~ ~fcfi:1'4-i i t ~ fcr.firn trar t am~ in cF,T{UJ tt ~ i t ~ cfi1 \TJcRTan qi'[ lRrR
c1m;mircJTt,~~mi:n: 3l@m 3TR ~oqfc@~cfi1~8:TlcfiB~m:;T ~c:fi\~
f • ~ ~ ctfT 'fQ'J"lJ C:Ji( 4Fe1~11 cf,1 'qJcRl ~ 3ITTf5ITTJ m-ma i, ~ ~11F~cfi1c:?111'1Rcfi)' q:j) 3l1ffifl'
cf \IG!l-41-0 iiRl ~ t ~ "ITT m ~ lJGJ cfmIT t afR 6i~faif.dl 'qiJ ,m cfmIT i I
lP1l-f ~ ~ qiJ &tlq.fllcfi o?.11 '1~-tq'l_o( ~ ~ ~ t fcfi' ~ °ITT~ if ffi ~ ~ ~ 'cfiT
mfiffl t (fift{,q{C\Q ~ 01H1Rcfi ~ i:t ~ am
~ ~ t 1 ~ if ~ m 'tR am; ~
t1ifflfctaq11. jr ;;Jla f, 3m 1l{ ffl echlfCffl41i ~ fq~clltiil ~ fcrcfirn if thP-1"111 ~ f I 31cf: ~ cfil
mll S@tcfij ~ ¥t$tq'{Of ~ t I
am: ~ 1' Q.cfist,,. mffl t, F-iiecfi1 ~ fcffq m qi'[ cmur lIT1'ffi t, am:~ t- "cfi'RUJ -tt fcw-1
~ 111F1. aqfctdq)" clil ~mt ~ ~ ll f1f¥,:4a cfi«fT t f<ii mcJ am=in ~ ~ -q RmT t am:
~WUm<f amqJ31lRfcrcf;mt"~~amarnm-iicftt1
6. lPffl t, 3tiiW<'ttfl ~ ~ ~•~Ug ~ · 3tl~:tfql~ 'ti\~ W1tJcl 6iffl !111 tl'o ~o "dFJ, ifltti~
lllff tffl ~ 311Gffiii~ ~ 'ti\ 1F@ t" ~ clil ~ JI'~ ~ ' ~ttfclQ, ~ fcf;Frr ~ fiftw
d'@(4fG ~ tft qftqcf.t ~, ~ 1Fffi' t' fq,ml q;r ~ ~ ~ tcfT t I
7. 'ittm.~ ar<A (iat:ftfttq; fiRA ~ ~ ct>1' ~@cfidl cfif ~ ~ ~ (t~.flfd cftfl ~facifidl if TflU
IAI◄ ~ ~ t, ~ft'lt{ ~ ~ ~ lffffl 1'i1 <1'1ll.flRI c6r 'lJff 1Rf ~ ~ l
.... ._ am <lat..flftt¥ ~ ~ M tqff,ldt.cfft ~ ~ e,q,~q; \,qff,ldl l$J ~ ~ t
.,_ U• G ~ ll>i ~ JJWN'{df t-f
#
t t. ,
~
GEORGE WILHELM FRIEDRICH HEGEL (1 n0-1831 } 25

,,..- ftr~c1fclw e1 i!I tritffl if> ~ ~rai J

' (QUESTIONS FOR UNIVERSITY EXA MIN ATIO ~
1. "efrR1 ~ ~ cfl!TT ~3TI cfiT ffi cf;t I
(Discuss the life and work of Hegel.)
2. "efr@ ~ i;.~i('licfi ~ ~ fctci·i:H ~ I
(Discuss Hegel's theory of Dialectics.)
3. ~"tft ~~~ cfi1 fc1dh111 ;it1
(Discuss Hegel's ideas on State.) (K.U.K 2012)
4. ~~<ft~~~ fti-'l•Ji <ill~ ~ ~~I
(Discuss the features of theory of state as given by Hege].) (KU.K. 2013)
s. ~ 11,1Rcfi m 3tR ~ i f ~ m 3Rf{ cfi«fl t ?
(How does Hegel distinguish between CiviJ Society and the State ?)
6. ~~~ ~~c filff lcitl
(Explain Hege] ideas on War.)
7. ~ cn1' ~ ~,~~fqf~l fi::H1-:fi ~ ~ if or.rr&rr ~ I (K.U.K. 2014)

(Discuss Hegel as an Idealist Thinker.)

8. ~ ~ ~ 7TQ; ~ ifi" fti~f.rj ifi" t,aJUIT cf>1 ~ ~ I
(Discuss the features of Theory of States as given by Hegel.) (K.U.K 2015)
9. ir7@ cf,1 {l~11facfi RRR ~ t,, cfiT ffl ~,
(Discuss Hegel's contribution to Political Thought.)
10. ~ cn1' ~ &il~~fqic;l fil.rjcfi ~~ ,i f fq~-i:Hi ctilf-J!Q, I

(Discuss Hegel as an idealist Thinker.) (C.D.LU. 2015)

I I