16 TENSES

1. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

- The Use of Present Continous Tense
The Present Continuous Tense talk about something which is happening at the
time of speaking (suatu kejadian yang terjadi pada saat itu juga)
Example: Please don’t make so much noise. I’m studying. (Tolong jangan terlalu
berisik saya sedang belajar)
The Present Continuous Tense talk about something which is happening
around the time of speaking, but not necessarily exactly at the time of speaking.
(tentang sesuatu yang dibacarakan dan sedang terjadi pada saat itu juga).
Example: Silvia is learning English at the moment. (Silvia sedang belajar saat ini)
Present Continuous talk about a period around the present. (tentang kejadian
pada periode/saat ini)
Example: You’re working hard today. Yes, I have a lot of to do (Kamu bekerja hari
ini. Ya, banyak yang saya lakukan)
The present continuous talk about the changing situation. (berbicara tentang
situasi yang berubah)
Example: The population without jobs is increasing very fast. (Populasi tanpa
pekerjan meningkat sangat cepat)
- The Adverbs of Time Used
The adverbs of time used in Present Continous tense are “now, right now,
tomorrow,etc (Keterangan waktu yang digunakan)
- The Pattern of Present Continous Tense
(+) S + am/is/are + Verb 4_____Now
(-) S + am/is/are + Not + Verb 4____Now
(?) Am/is/are + S + Verb 4____Now?
Example:
 (+) My father is watching television now
(-) My father is not watching television now
(?) Is my father watching television now?

2. PAST TENSE
- The Use of Simple Past Tense: Past simple to talk about actions or situations
in the past. (Tindakan atau sesuatu yang terjadi dimasa lampau)
- The Adverbs of time used: The adverbs of time used in this tense are
Yesterday, last.., a week ago, this morning , last night, yesterday morning,
yesterweek, yestermonth, yesteryear, etc. (Keterangan waktu yang
digunakan)
- The Patterns of Simple Past Tense
(+) S + Verb 2___Yesterday
(-) S + didn’t + Verb 1___Yesterday
(?) Did + S + Verb 1___ Yesterday?
Example:
(+) John saw a crocodile in the river yesterday
(-) John didn’t see a crocodile in the river yesterday
(?) Did John see a crocodile in the river yesterday?

(+) We studied English here last week.

(-) We didn’t study here last week.
(?) Did you study here last week? Yes, we did/ No, we didn’t?

3. PRESENT FUTURE TENSE

in this situation (mengenai situsi):
Offering to do something (menawarkan untuk melakukan sesuatu)
That bag looks heavy. I’ll help with it.
(Tas itu terlihat berat. Saya akan membantu dengan itu)
Agreeing and refusing to do something (menyetujui dan menolak untuk
melakukan sesuatu)
I’ve asked john to help me but he won’t
(Saya telah meminta John untuk membantu saya tapi dia tidak mau)

Promising to do something (menjanjikan sesuatu)

I will come to your house tonight. I promise.
(Aku akan dating ke rumahmu malam ini. Saya Janji)

Asking someone to do something (meminta bantuan untuk melakukan sesuatu)

Will you close the window,please!
(Tolong tutup jendelanya!)

The pattern of Present Future tense is as follows:

(+) S + will/shall + Verb 1___Tomorrow
(-) S + won’t/shan’t + Verb 1____Tomorrow
(?) Will/shall + S + Verb 1____Tomorrow
Example:
(+) Mrs.Maria Eva will play badminton tomorrow
(-) Mrs.Maria Eva won’t play badminton tomorrow
(?) will Mrs.Maria Eva play badminton tomorrow? Yes, She will/No, she won’t

“to be going to” when we say what we have already decided to do, what we intend to
do in the future. (Ketika kita mengatakan apa yang telah kita putuskan untuk
lakukan, apa yang ingin kita lakukan di masa depan)
Example:
A: There’s a film on television tonight. Are you going to watch it?
B: No, I am too tired. I am going to have an early night.
A: Ada film di televisi malam ini. Apakah Anda akan menontonnya?
B: Tidak, saya terlalu lelah. Saya akan memiliki malam awal.
The pattern:
(+) S + am/is/are + going to + Verb 1
(-) S +am/is/are + not + going to + Verb 1
(?) Am/is/are + S + going to + Verb 1

4. PRESENT TENSE
Present Tense is used to talk about something in general and it is also used to talk
about something which is happened repeatedly or habituallly activities.
(untuk membicarakan sesuatu secara umum dan juga digunakan untuk
membicarakan sesuatu yang terjadi secara berulang-ulang atau kegiatan yang
menjadi kebiasaan)
(+) The earth goes round the sun
(-) The earth doesn’t go round the sun
(?) Does the earth go round the su?
The pattern :
(+) S + Verb 1 (s/es)
(-) S + don’t/doesn’t + Verb 1
(?) Do/Does + S + Verb 1

5. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

Past continuous Tense to say that someone was in the middle of doing
something at a certain time. The action or situation had already started before this
time but hadn’t finished: (untuk mengatakan bahwa seseorang sedang melakukan
sesuatu pada waktu tertentu. Tindakan atau situasi sudah dimulai sebelum
waktu ini tetapi belum selesai)
This time last year I was living in Brazil. (Kali ini tahun lalu saya tinggal di Brasil)
 Past continuous Tense and the past simple together to say that something
happened in the middle of something else (bersama-sama untuk mengatakan
bahwa sesuatu terjadi di tengah-tengah sesuatu yang lain).
When I was working in the garden, I hurt my back. (Ketika saya sedang bekerja di
kebun, punggung saya sakit.
The pattern:
(+) S + was/were + verb 4___ When + s + Verb 2
(-) S + was/were + not + Verb 4___When + s + Verb 2
(?) Was/were + S + verb 4___When + s + Verb 2?
Example:
(+) She was cooking rice when Tom came yesterday
(-) She wasn’t cooking rice when Tom came yesterday
(?) Was she cooking rice when Tom came yesterday?

6. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

The present perfect Tense to give new information or to announce recent happening
(untuk memberikan informasi baru atau mengumumkan kejadian terkini):
Do you know about Mary? She’s gone to Jakarta.
Tahukah kamu tentang Maria? Dia pergi ke Jakarta.

already to say that something has happened sooner than expected (untuk
mengatakan bahwa sesuatu terjadi lebih cepat dari yang diharapkan):
Don’t forget to post this letter, will you? I’ve already posted it.
Jangan lupa kirim surat ini ya? Saya sudah mempostingnya.

with just (= a short time ago) kejadian yang barusan terjadi:

Would you like something to eat? ‘No, thanks. I’ve just had lunch’.
Apakah Anda ingin sesuatu untuk dimakan? 'Tidak, terima kasih. Saya baru saja
makan siang'.
About a period of time that continuous up to the present, we use the present
perfect. (berbicara tentang waktu yang terus berlanjut hingga saat ini)
Dave: Have you travelled a lot, Nora?
Nora: Yes, I have been to 47 different countries.
(Dave: Apakah Anda sering bepergian, Nora?
Nora: Ya, saya telah mengunjungi 47 negara yang berbeda)
The pattern:
(+) S + have/has + verb 3
(-) S + haven’t/hasn’t + Verb 3
(?) Have/has + S + verb 3

7. PAST PERFECT TENSE

Past perfect to say that something had already happened before this time (untuk
mengatakan bahwa sesuatu telah terjadi sebelumnya).
Example:
- When I arrived at the party, Tom had already gone home
- George didn’t want to come to the cinema with us because he had already
seen the film twice.
- It was my first time in an aeroplane. I was very nervous because I hadn’t
flown before.
The pattern:
(+) S + had + verb 3___when/before S + V2
(-) S + hadn’t + Verb 3___when/before S + V2
(?) Had + S + verb 3___when/before S + V2?
 8. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
(+) S + have/has + been + verb 4
(-) S + haven’t/hasn’t + been + verb 4
(?) Have/has + S + been + verb 4
Example :
(+) The students have been singing since this morning
(-) The students haven’t been singing since this morning
(?) Have the students been singing since this morning?

9. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

(+) S + had been + verb 4___when S + V2
(-) S + hadn’t been + Verb 4___when S + V2
(?) Had + S + been + verb 4___when S + V2?
Example:
(+) They had been doing the homework when I came yesterday
(-) They hadn’t been doing the homework when I came yesterday
(?) Had they been doing the homework when I came yesterday?

10. PRESENT FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

(+) S + will be + Verb 4 + O + at___o’clock
(-) S + won’t be + Verb 4 + O + at___o’clock
(?) Will + S + be + Verb 4 + O + at___o’clock?
Example:
(+) You will be going to school at seven o’clock tomorrow morning
(-) You won’t be going to school at seven o’clock tomorrow morning
(?) Will you be going to school at seven o’clock tomorrow morning?
 11. PRESENT FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
(+) S + will have + verb 3 +___by the end___
(-) S + won’t have + Verb 3 +___by the end___
(?) Will + S + have + Verb 3 +___by the end___
Example:
(+) We will have arrived in Jakarta tomorrow afternoon
(-) We won’t have arrived in Jakarta tomorrow afternoon
(?) Will we have arrived in Jakarta tomorrow afternoon?

12. PRESENT FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

(+) S + will have been + verb 4___since___
(-) S + won’t have been + verb 4___since___
(?) Will + S + have been + verb 4___since___
Example:
(+) They will have been studying since this morning
(-) They won’t have been studying since this morning
(?) Will they have been studying since this morning?

13. PAST FUTURE TENSE

(+) S + would + V1___IF + S + verb 2
(-) S + wouldn’t + verb 1___+ object
(?) Would + S + verb 1___+ object
Example:
I would come if you invited me
Tom would travel if he had more money

14. PAST FUTURE CINTINUOUS TENSE

(+) S + would be + Verb 4___when S + verb 2
(-) S + wouldn’t + be + verb 4___when S + verb 2
(?) Would + S + be + verb 4____when S + verb 2
Example:
(+) They would be going home when we came
(-) They wouldn’t be going home when we came
(?) Would they be going home when we came?

15. PAST FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

(+) S + would have + verb 3___IF + S + had + verb 3
(-) S + wouldn’t have + verb 3___object
(?) Would + S + have + verb 3____object?
Example:
He would have become a president if his party had won in general election

16. PAST FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

(+) S + would have + been + verb 4___IF + S + had + verb 3
(-) S + wouldn’t have + been + verb 4___object
(?) Would + S + have been + verb 4___object?
Example:
The meeting would have been starting since this morning if Mayor had come on
time.