AIR QUALITY MONITORING DEVICE

Project Report Submitted to

Visvesvaraya Technological University Belagavi,

in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS

ENGINEERING
Submitted by
Name USN
Mr. Manoj P M 4VM20EE022
Mr.Sharad Keshav Moger 4VM20EE034
Mr. Jayanth K 4VM21EE412
Mr. Manoj C 4VM21EE419

Under the Guidance of

Prof.Varsha V
Assistant Professor
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

VIDYA VIKAS INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

MYSURU – 570 028
2022-2023
 VIDYA VIKAS INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
MYSURU-570028
AFFILIATED TO VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, BELAGAVI

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS

ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE
Certified that the project work entitled “Air Quality Monitoring Device” is a bonafide work
carried out by Mr. Manoj C,Mr. Jayanth K, Mr. Sharad Keshav Moger, Mr. Manoj P M
bearing USN: 4VM21EE419, 4VM21EE412, 4VM20EE034, 4VM20EE022 in the department of
Electrical and Electronics Engineering from VIDYA VIKAS INSTITUTE OF
ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY submitted in partial fulfilment for the award of
Bachelor of Engineering in Electrical and Electronics Engineering prescribed by the
Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi during the year 2022-2023. It is
certified that all suggestions recommended for Internal Evaluation have been incorporated
in the report deposited in the departmental library. The project report has been approved as it
satisfies the academic requirements with respect to Project work prescribed for the said
Degree.

Signature of the Guide Signature of the HOD Signature of the Principal Dr.
Prof.Varsha V Dr. Shamala N Dr. Manjunatha T S
Assistant Professor Professor & Head Principal
Dept. of EEE Dept. of EEE

External Viva

Name of the Examiners Signature with Date

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The satisfaction and euphoria that accompany the successful completion of a task would be
incomplete without the mention of the people who made it possible. We wish to express our
sincere and heartfelt gratitude to those who guided us to accomplish the assigned Project work.
We feel immense pleasure in expressing deep sense of profound gratitude to our beloved
Chairman & former MLA Chamaraja Constituency, Mysuru Sri Vasu and our beloved
Secretary, VVET® Sri Kaveesh Gowda V for their encouragement and support in all our
Endeavours.

Our sincere thanks to Dr. Manjunatha T S, Principal, Vidya Vikas Institute of Engineering
and Technology, Mysuru for the continual encouragement throughout the Engineering Course.
Our heartfelt gratitude to Dr.Shamal N , Professor and HOD and Prof.Varsha V, Assistant
Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics, Vidya Vikas Institute of Engineering
and Technology, Mysuru, for their valuable suggestions at all stagesof our Course.

We extend our most profound gratitude, immense pleasure and heartfelt thanks to our
esteemed Project guide Prof.Varsha V, Assistant Professor of Electrical and Electronics
Engineering for the valuable support and encouragement in the successful completion of
our Project work.
Heartfelt gratitude to our parents and friends who have been a source of inspiration in the
successful completion of the Project work.
 ABSTRACT
Air pollution is the largest environmental and public health threat in the world
today. Air pollution leads to adverse effects on human health, climate and
ecosystem. Air is getting polluted because of release of toxic gases by industries,
vehicular emissions and increased concentration of harmful gases and
particulate matter in the atmosphere. Particulate matter is one of the most
important parameters having the significant contribution to the increase in air
pollution. This creates a need for measurement and analysis of real-time air
quality monitoring so that appropriate decisions can be taken in a timely period.
This paper presents a real-time standalone air quality monitoring system which
includes various parameters: carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, Air quality
Index. Internet of things is nowadays finding profound use in each and every
sector, plays a key role in our air quality monitoring system too. The level of
pollution has increased with times by lot of factors like the increase in
population, increased vehicle use, industrialization and urbanization which
results in harmful effects on human wellbeing by directly affecting health of
population exposed to it. The parameters of the environment to be monitored are
chosen as temperature, humidity, volume of CO, volume of CO2, detection of
leakage of any gas - smoke, alcohol, LPG. as these parameters hold importance
to everyone. CO, a dangerous parameter is monitored with an extra precaution.
An alert buzzer activates whenever its volume exceeds a particular safe limit
intended for a particular application.
 CONTENTS
Particulars Page No
Abstract i
Contents ii

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1-7

1. Preamble
2. Motivation
3. Problem Statement
4. Objectives of the project
5. Air Quality Index

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE SURVEY 7-13

1. Related works/Literature review
2. Outcome of the literature review

CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY & IMPLEMENTATION 13-40

1. Proposed Model
2. Hardware requirements
3. Design and Implementation

CHAPTER 4: EXPERIMENTATION & RESULTS 40-47

1. Mathematical Analysis of Result
2. Experimental result

3. Performance Analysis

CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION & FUTURE SCOPE 47-48

REFERENCES 48-49
 Air Quality Monitoring Device

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Preamble
Air pollution is caused due to the presence of particulate matter, harmful materials and
biological molecules in earth atmosphere. It has adverse impact on living organisms such as
humans, animals, food crops and can also damage build and natural environment. It may
result in allergies, harmful diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, lungs diseases and can
also cause death. The environment group green peace in January released a report that has
estimated every year nearly 1.2 million Indian die because of air borne pollutants. Particulate
matter is liquid or solid matter which is microscopic and suspended in earth's atmosphere. We
are exposed to this particulate matter which is continuously affecting our heart and lungs. Till
now several studies have been done in environment monitoring domain using internet of
things. Researchers have monitored environmental parameters like temperature, humidity,
barometric air pressure, carbon monoxide, Sulphur dioxide but the least attention is paid to
the measurement of particulate matter. Air quality monitoring without knowing the
concentration of particulate matter in the atmosphere is incomplete.

Air quality concentration measurement sensor and carbon monoxide sensors is being used
for monitoring the particulate matter along with the sensors employed for sensing carbon
monoxide, carbon dioxide in air using Arduino is low power less expensive, it is a good
platform for interfacing with many devices at the same time. Internet of things and cloud
computing are the most emerging technologies. Internet of things is a concept or a paradigm
in which without human interruption devices sense, identify, process, and communicate with
each other cloud computing is a practice of consuming the resource of remote servers such as
storage, virtual machines, applications and utilities that are hosted on internet rather than
building and maintaining infrastructure for computing in house. Internet of things becomes
very powerful when converges with cloud computing. The data stored at the memory can be
retrieved any time and the scenarios can be Analyzed in a better way leading to the solutions
for controlling air pollution to some extent. Air pollution is the biggest problem of every
nation, whether it is developed or developing.

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Health problems have been growing at faster rate especially in urban areas of developing
countries where industrialization and growing number of vehicles leads to release of lot of
gaseous pollutants. Harmful effects of pollution include mild allergic reactions such as irritation of
the throat, eyes, and nose as well as some serious problems like bronchitis, heart diseases,
pneumonia, lung and aggravated asthma. According to a survey, due to air pollution 50,000 to
100,000 premature deaths per year occur in the U.S. alone whereas in EU number reaches to
300,000 and over 3,000,000 worldwide. Various kinds of anthropogenic emissions named as
primary pollutants are pumped into the atmosphere that undergoes chemical reaction and further
leads to the formation of new pollutants normally called as secondary pollutants. For instance,
according to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
(IPCC), nearly all climate- altering pollutants either directly or indirectly (by contributing to
secondary pollutants in the atmosphere) are responsible for health problems. Almost every citizen
spends 90% of their time in indoor air. Outdoor air quality of the cities of developed countries
improved considerably in recent decades. In contrast to this, indoor air quality degraded during
this same period because of many factors like reduced ventilation, energy conservation and the
introduction to new sources and new materials that cause indoor pollution. The design of
buildings for lower power consumption resulted in decrease of ventilation which further decreases
the quality of air inside the building. This increases the need for indoor air quality (IAQ)
monitoring Due to this fact and use of new building materials, IAQ often reaches to unacceptable
level.

1.2 Motivation
• The need to discover presence of air pollution in our routine life (indoors and outdoors) both.
• The need to understand air pollution and its impact on human cognition.

• To understand existing IoT enabled indoor air monitoring applications.

Hence, the problem occurring by indoor air pollution needs to be addressed and solutions in the
form of IoT technology should be determined.

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 Air Quality Monitoring Device

1.3 Problem Statement

During past decades, as result of civilization and urbanization there is a huge growth in
Polluting industries, open burning of refuse and leaves, massive quantities of construction waste,
substantial loss of forests and vehicles (particularly diesel-driven cars) on roads that give rise to
health endangering pollution. Therefore, it is necessary to regularly monitor and report the
hazardous impacts from air pollution. To monitor the quality of air, a new framework is proposed
that monitors the parameters of the environment around us such as CO2, CO, presence of smoke.

1.4 Objectives of the project

• To combine detection technologies to produce an air quality Sensing system with enhanced
capabilities to provide comprehensive monitoring.

• To display the sensed data in user friendly format in 16*2 I2C lcd display panel.

• To alert with the help of buzzer if the concentration of pollutants exceeds beyond the
expected range in the measuring environment.

5. Air Quality Index

Air Quality Index (AQI) is a tool for effective communication of air quality status to people can
easily understand and act. The AQI is used by agencies to communicate to the public how polluted
the air currently is or how polluted it is forecast to become. Public health risks increase as the AQI
rises. AQI is intended to enhance public awareness and involvement in efforts to improve air
quality. It transforms complex air quality data of various pollutants into a single number (index
value), nomenclature and color.

(i) There are six AQI categories, namely Good, Satisfactory, Moderate, Poor, Very Poor, and
Severe. Each of these categories is decided based on ambient

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concentration values of air pollutants and their likely health impacts (known as health
breakpoints). AQ sub-index and health breakpoints are evolved for eight pollutants (PM10,
PM2.5, NO2, SO2, CO, O3, NH3, and Pb) for which short- term (up to 24hours) National
Ambient Air Quality Standards are prescribed.

(ii) Based on the measured ambient concentrations of a pollutant, sub-index is calculated,

which is a linear function of concentration. The worst sub-index determines the overall
AQI.
(iii) All the criteria pollutants may not be monitored at all the locations. Overall AQI is
calculated only if data are available for minimum three pollutants out of which one should
necessarily be either PM2.5 or PM10. Else, data are considered insufficient for calculating
AQI. Similarly, a minimum of 16 hours’ data is considered necessary for calculating
subindex.
(iv) Note that AQI is based on 24 hour or 8-hour average pollutant concentration and not on
hourly concentration.
(v) The web-based system designed to provide AQI on real time basis is an automated system
that captures data from monitoring stations on a continuous basis without human
intervention, and displays AQI based on running average values. The near real time AQI
based on monitoring data can be found at https://app.cpcbccr.com.
(vi) AQI categories and health breakpoints for the eight pollutants are as follow:

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able-1.1: Breakpoints for AQI Scale 0-500 (units: µg/m3 unless mentioned
otherwise)

AQI Category PM10 PM2.5 NO2 O3 CO SO2 NH3 Pb

8-hr
(Range) 24-hr 24-hr 24-hr 8-hr (mg/m3) 24-hr 24-hr 24-hr
Good 0-50 0-30 0-40 0-50 0-1.0 0-40 0-200 0-0.5
(0-50)

Satisfactory 51-100 31-60 41-80 51-100 1.1-2.0 41-80

201- 0.6 –
(51-100)
400 1.0

Moderate 101-250 61-90 81-180 101-168 2.1- 10 81-380 1.1-2.0

401-
(101-200)
800

Poor 251-350 91-120 181-280 169-208 10.1-17 2.1-3.0

381- 801-
(201-300)
800 1200

Very poor 351-430 121-250 281-400 209-748* 17.1-34 1201- 3.1-3.5

801-
(301-400) 1800
1600

Severe 431-500 251-350 400+ 748+* 34+ 1600+ 1800+ 3.5+

(401-500)

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Table-1.2: Colour Coding for different AQ Index categories

Table-1.3: AQI and Associated Health Impacts

AQI Associated Health Impacts

Good Minimal Impact
Satisfactory May cause minor breathing discomfort to sensitive people.
Moderate May cause breathing discomfort to people with lung disease such as
asthma, and discomfort to people with heart disease, children and older
adults.

Poor May cause breathing discomfort to people on prolonged exposure

Very Poor May cause respiratory illness to the people on prolonged exposure. Effect
may be more pronounced in people with lung and heart diseases.

Severe May cause respiratory impact even on healthy people, and serious health
impacts on people with lung/heart disease. The health impacts may be
experienced even during light physical activity.

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CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE SURVEY

1. Related works/Literature review:

1) A Wi-Fi-enabled indoor air quality monitoring and control system: -

Published in: Control & Automation (ICCA), 2017 13th IEEE International Conference.

Authors: Xiaoke Yang, Lingyu Yang, Jing Zhang (School of Automation Science and Electrical
Engineering, Bei hang University, Beijing, 100191, China)

This paper proposes an open platform of a Wi-Fi-enabled indoor air quality monitoring and control
system, which could be incorporated into such a ‘smart building’ structure. The complete software
and hardware design of this system is presented, along with a series of control experiments. The
proposed system operates over an existing Wi-Fi wireless network utilizing the MQTT protocol. It
can monitor the indoor air quality as well as controlling an air purifier to regulate the particulate
matters concentration. Experiment results under a real-world office environment demonstrate the
effectiveness of the proposed design.

2) A low-power real-time air quality monitoring system using LPWAN based on LoRa:

Published in: Solid-State and Integrated Circuit Technology (ICSICT), 2016 13th IEEE
International conference.
Authors: Suyuan Liu, Chui Xia, Zhenzhen Zhao

(College of Electronic Information and Control Engineering, Beijing University of

Technology, 100124, China)

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 Air Quality Monitoring Device

This paper presents a low-power real-time air quality monitoring system based on the LoRa
Wireless Communication technology. The proposed system can be laid out in a large number in
the monitoring area to form sensor network. The system integrates a single-chip microcontroller,
several air pollution sensors (NO2, SO2, O3, CO, PM1, PM10, PM2.5), Long-range (LoRa) -
Modem, a solar PV-battery part and graphical user interface (GUI). As communication module
LoRa sends the data to the central monitoring unit and then the data would be saved in the cold.
The range tests at an outdoor area show that LoRa can reach to approximately 2Km. The TX
power is only about 110mA which is lower compared with other used wireless technology. An
easy- to-use GUI was designed in the system. Based on LoRa technology, GUI, and Solar PV-
battery part the system has several progressive features such as low cost, long distance, high
coverage, long device battery life, easy to operate.

IoT enabled proactive indoor air quality monitoring system for sustainable health
management: -

Published in: Computing and Communications Technologies (ICCCT), 2017 2nd International
Conference

Authors: M.F.M Firdous, B.H Sudantha, P.M Karunaratne (Dept. of Information Technology,
University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka)

This paper proposes an IoT based indoor air quality monitoring system for tracking the ozone
concentrations near a photocopy machine. The experimental system with a semiconductor sensor
capable of monitoring ozone concentrations was installed near a high-volume photocopier. The
IoT device has been programmed to collect and transmit data at an interval of five minutes over
blue tooth connection to a gateway node that in turn communicates with the processing node via
the Wi-Fi local area network. The sensor was calibrated using the standard calibration methods.
As an additional capability, the proposed air pollution monitoring system can generate warnings
when the pollution level exceeds beyond a predetermined threshold value.

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3) A wireless system for indoor air quality monitoring: -

Published in: Industrial Electronics Society, IECON 2016 - 42nd Annual Conference of the IEEE

Authors: R du Plessis, A Kumar, GP Hancke

(Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, South
Africa)

This paper describes the development of a wireless monitoring system which can be deployed
in a building. The system measures carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and temperature. The
system developed in this paper can serve as the monitoring component of a HVAC control system
and function as an indoor air quality monitor independently.

4) Pollution: An efficient cloud-based management of IoT devices for air quality

monitoring: -

Published in: Research and Technologies for Society and Industry Leveraging a better tomorrow
(RTSI), 2016 IEEE 2nd International Forum.

The Internet of Things paradigm originates from the proliferation of intelligent devices that can
sense, compute and communicate data streams in a ubiquitous information and communication
network. The great amounts of data coming from these devices introduce some challenges related
to the storage and processing capabilities of the information. This strengthens the novel paradigm
known as Big Data. In such a complex scenario, the Cloud computing is an efficient solution for
the managing of sensor data. This paper presents Pollution, a system for monitoring the air
pollution via Arduino. Moreover, a Cloud-based platform that manages data coming from air
quality sensors is developed.

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5) An embedded system model for air quality monitoring: -

Published in: Computing for Sustainable Global Development (INDIA.Com), 2016 3rd
International Conference

Authors: Sneha Jangid, Sandeep Sharma (School of ICT, Gautam Buddha University, Greater
Noida, India)

Objective of the paper is to present a system model which can facilitate the assessment of health
impacts caused due to indoor air pollutant as well as outdoor and can intimate the human prior about
the risk he/she going to have, here we are focusing our work in context to allergic patients as they
will be informed by this tool such that they can secure themselves without actually experiencing the
risk factors, here a sensing network based microcontroller equipped with gas sensors, optical dust
particle sensor, humidity and temperature sensor has been used for air quality monitoring. The
design included various units mainly: sensing unit, processing unit, power unit, display unit,
communication unit. This work will apply the techniques of electrical engineering with the
knowledge of environmental engineering by using sensor networks to measure Air Quality
Parameters.

6) A real-time ambient air quality monitoring wireless sensor network for schools in smart
cities: -

Published in: Smart Cities Conference (ISC2), 2015 IEEE First International

Authors’. Ali, J. K. Soe, Steven. R. Wel

(School of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan,
NSW 2308, Australia)

In this paper, a low-cost solar-powered air quality monitoring system based on ZigBee wireless
network system technology is presented. The solar powered network sensor nodes can be deployed
by schools to collect and report real-time data on carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2),
dust particles, temperature, and relative humidity. The proposed system allows schools to monitor air
quality conditions on a desktop/laptop computer through an application designed using Lab VIEW

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Table 2.1 Comparitive Analysis Of Air Quality Monitoring Systems
It gives a detailed review about the previous papers studied
Year Pollutants Addressed
Paper 1 Carbon Monoxide (CO)
TVOC’s
Paper 2 Particulate Matter (PM 10), Carbon
Dioxide (CO2), Nitrogen Dioxide
(NO2), Carbon Monoxide (CO),
Ozone(O3), Oxygen, Volatile Organic
Compounds (VOC’s),
Temperature and Humidity
Paper 3 CO2
Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Carbon
Monoxide (CO), and physical
parameters- moistness, temperature
, glow
Paper 4 Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Nitrogen
Dioxide (NO2), Carbon
Monoxide (CO) and Sulphur
Dioxide (SO2)
Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Carbon
Monoxide (CO) and Sulphur
Dioxide (SO2), Ozone (O3) and
Particulate Matter (PM 2.5+PM
10)
Paper 5 Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Nitrogen
Dioxide (NO2), Carbon Monoxide
(CO), Particulate Matter (PM
2.5+PM 10+PM 1) and
meteorological parameters-
temperature, relative
humidity
Paper 6 Carbon Monoxide (CO),
Particulate Matter, Temperature,
Humidity, VOC’s
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Air Quality Monitoring Device
Type of Sensors Used Benefits
Not Specified Uses near field communication thus making
the
proposed IAQ monitoring portable
Semiconductor Sensor A serious health hazard indoor air
pollutant is addressed with less
complexity. Proposed IAQ monitoring
system has low cost
Semiconductor Sensors, Classification of pollutants is presented
Optical Sensors, along with indoor air quality
monitoring
Electrochemical and Thermal
Sensors
Semiconductor sensor (iAQ- Proposed IAQ monitoring application uses
2000) cognitive networking technique and
opportunistic routing algorithm for
minimum interference with existing
network, thus making it more efficient
Infrared IAQ monitoring system is proposed with in
Sensors(T6615), Ambient Assistant Living
Semiconductor Sensor
(MQ7), SHT10 and LDR
Semiconductor Sensor Low-cost, small in size and efficient IAQM
system in all aspects.
Laser Dust A moving and portable IAQ monitoring system
Sensor, through un-maned aerial vehicle
Electrochemistry (UAV)
Sensor
Low-Cost Sensors Low-Cost IAQ monitoring system, A
ventilation effect is formulated by
considering number of occupants and
pollutant
concentration
Dust Sensor Low-cost, Real-time IAQ monitoring
(GP2Y1010AU0F), system, Modelling of air quality status has
Semiconductor Sensors been using Machine
(MQ7, Learning Algorithms
MQ135) and DHT22
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2. 2 Outcome of the literature review

Our device will be able to perform and has an additional feature as mentioned in the below table
which were not previously available in other air quality monitoring devices

Table 2.2 Enhancements in the proposed Model

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CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY & IMPLEMENTATION

3.1 Proposed Model
The major components of my project have been mentioned in the above section. Here the
project architecture. Gas sensor & Wi-Fi Device are connected to the Arduino board. Also, LCD
connected to the Arduino board for displaying information. This project monitoring the Air
Quality over a serial monitor & LCD using Gas sensor and trigger an alarm when the air quality
goes down beyond a certain level, means when there are enough harmful gases are present in the
air like CO2, smoke, alcohol, benzene and NH3. It is shown the air quality in PPM on the LCD as
well as serial monitor so that we can monitor it very easily. In this project we used MQ135 sensor
which is the best choice for monitoring Air Quality as it can detect most harmful gases and can
measure their amount accurately. In this Internet of Things (IoT) project, This can monitor the
pollution level from anywhere using computer.

Gas sensor Web browser

Arduino
Buzzer uno LCD display
microcontroller

Wi-fi device Serial monitor

Fig 3.1- Block diagram of air quality monitoring device

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2. Hardware requirements
This device takes data from the environment that has been selected for our research purpose. The
device is built with various sensors and they take data by sensing from the environment. The sensors
take analog data from the environment which later is converted into digital with the help of Arduino
and then sent to the server where all the data are stored . This device is consisting of the following
components:

a) Hardware Components

i. Arduino Uno
ii. Gas sensor MQ135
iii. ESP8266 Wi-Fi Device
iv. 16x2 LCD
v. Buzzer vi. Lithium Polymer Battery

a) Hardware Components
3.2.1 Arduino Uno

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Arduino is the core of our model.Arduino is open-source devices stage considering simple to operate
equipment andprogramming.
Arduino comprise of both physical programmable circuit board(microcontroller) and bit of
programming or IDE (Integrated Development Environment) that keeps running on our PC used to
compose and transfer PC code to the physical board.

An Arduino stage has turned out to be very well known with individuals simply beginning with
gadgets and for good reasons. Arduino can communicate with catches, LED, engines, speakers, GPS
units, cameras, the web and even our advanced cell or our TV. Arduino Uno is the model board for
getting started with electronics, through entertaining and attractive hands-on projects. This board is our
entry to the unique Arduino experience: great for learning the basics of how sensors and actuals
measurement and an essential tool for our rapid prototyping needs. Arduino Uno is the maximum used
and documented board in the Arduino intimate. Cheers to the lively and helpful civic surrounding the
Arduino Uno, no one will find themselves without provision. Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board
based on the ATmega328P, an 8-bit microcontroller with 32KB of Flash memory and 2KB of RAM. It
comprehends everything needed to support the microcontroller; basically, connect it to a computer with
a USB cable or power it with an AC-to-DC adapter or battery to become started. The Uno panel is the
first in a series of USB boards and it is the orientation model for the Arduino stage.

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Fig 3.3 Arduino Uno microcontroller Pin Diagram

This device is intended to provide the user with a cost-efficient means of determining air quality.
The sensor attentions on the five components of the Eco-friendly Protection Agency’s Air Quality
Index: ozone, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrous oxide. This device
detects all these pollutants except sulfur dioxide. The device also contains a civic gas sensor to alert
the operator to gas leaks or the presence of combustible gases. Also, a temperature and humidity
sensor are involved as these situations can influence the performance of the gas sensors. We have yet
to fully calibrate our device, but we have extracted data from sensor data sheets to make some
preliminary estimations. The sensors used are moderately low- cost and vary importantly from
component to component so they essential to be calibrated with known attentions of the target
gasses. It is the maximum flexible hardware platform used based on ATmega328P which can be
planned according to the purpose where it is to be used. It has 6 analog inputs, 14 digital
input/output pins (6 pins of these can be used as PWM outputs), a USB connection, a 16 MHz

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 Air Quality Monitoring Device

quartz crystal, SPI, serial interface, a reset button, a power jack and an ICSP header. The Arduino
microcontroller is not only for technical spectators but is intended for inventors and artists as well
because of its focus to usability based on its design which helps to achieve the proposed goal. It is the
primary component of the framework. In accumulation, it is an open- source microcontroller device
with easily reachable software/hardware platform and is well- matched with many sensors available.
All needed for its working is present on the board; we only require a USB cable to straight connect it
to the computer or provide power using battery source or AC to DC adapter to get started. Similarly,
it is not expensive and can be measured with free authoring software i.e., IDE (integrated
development environment). With the availability of a large no. of source codes over the internet, the
programming of Arduino becomes relaxed. The online rising community backing Arduino involves of
programmers like us that segment their examples for others to make it a more dependable platform. It
is principally used in RF and IR circuits. These interpreters are mainly used for remote control
applications like intruder alarm, car door alarm, security system etc. The chosen pair of encoder and
decoder for communication should have same number of address and data bits.

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Pin Category Pin Name Details

Vin: Input voltage to Arduino when using an external
power source.

5V: Regulated power supply used to power

Vin, 3.3V, 5V,
Power microcontroller and other components on the board.
GND

3.3V: 3.3V supply generated by on-board voltage

regulator. Maximum current draw is 50mA.

GND: ground pins.

Reset Reset Resets the microcontroller.
Analog Pins A0 – A5 Used to provide analog input in the range of 0-5V
Input/Output Pins Digital Pins 0 - 13 Can be used as input or output pins.
Serial 0(Rx), 1(Tx) Used to receive and transmit TTL serial data.
External Interrupts 2, 3 To trigger an interrupt.
PWM 3, 5, 6, 9, 11 Provides 8-bit PWM output.
10 (SS), 11 (MOSI),
SPI 12 (MISO) and 13 Used for SPI communication.
(SCK)
Inbuilt LED 13 To turn on the inbuilt LED.
TWI A4 (SDA), A5 Used for TWI communication.
(SCA)
AREF AREF To provide reference voltage for input voltage.
Table 3.1 - Pin Description of Arduino Uno

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Microcontroller ATmega328P – 8-bit AVR family microcontroller

Operating Voltage 5V
Recommended Input Voltage 7-12V
Input Voltage Limits 6-20V
Analog Input Pins 6 (A0 – A5)
Digital I/O Pins 14 (Out of which 6 provide PWM output)
DC Current on I/O Pins 40 mA
DC Current on 3.3V Pin 50 mA
Flash Memory 32 KB (0.5 KB is used for Bootloader)
SRAM 2 KB
EEPROM 1 KB
Frequency (Clock Speed) 16 MHz
Table 3.2 -Technical Specification

3.2.2 Node MCU

The Node MCU is an open-source

software and hardware development
environment that is built around a very
inexpensive system on cheap that is
associated with ESP8266. In simple Node
MCU is defined as open-source lower
base firmware developed for ESP8266
Wi-Fi chip.
The open source for Node MCU hardware
Fig 3.4 design is open for edit, modify, or build
Node
MCU new Node MCU development board it is
like any anyone can edit producer it and
market their modified MCU development boards. Generally, we can see Node MCU

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 Air Quality Monitoring Device

development boards of Amici and DOIT in the market. The whole setup is connected to a software which
is designed to be light weighted embedded scripting language that is just a programming language. A
form where is a programming language that is written to a hardware devices on-volatile memory. The
non-volatile memory is a form of static random- access memory whose contents are saved whenever
hardware devices turned off for processes external power source by exploring functionality with ESP8266
chip. Node MCU firmware comes with ESP8266 development board that is Node MCU development
board. There are two node MCQ versions like ok Node MCU 0.9 and Node MCU 1.0. The Node MCU
development board consists of ESP8266 chip, it is a Wi-Fi enabled system and chip model developed by
expressive system it is mostly used for development of IOT embedded applications. In ESP8266 the ESP-
12E is the model embedded with 10 silica L1R6 32-bit microcontroller and this ESP8266 with cap volts
of 2.4GH Wi-Fi, general purpose input, output pins and i2c serial communication it is interred integrated
circuit and analog to digital conversion and serial peripheral interface that is SPI serial communication
protocol and UART and pulse with modulation. The external SPI flash memory saves the users data. The
Node MCU board is featured with Wi-Fi capabilities, unlock pin, digital pins, and serial communication
protocol.

3.2.3 Piezo buzzer

The piezo buzzer produces sound based on reverse of the

piezoelectric effect. The generation of pressure variation
or strain by the application of electric potential across a
piezoelectric material is the underlying principle. These
buzzers can be used alert a user of an event corresponding
to a switching action.

Fig 3.5- Piezo

The buzzer produces a same noisy sound irrespective of the voltage variation applied to it. It
consists of piezo crystals between two conductors. When a potential is applied across these

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crystals, they push on one conductor and pull on the other. This, push and pull action, results in a
sound wave. Most buzzers produce sound in the range of 2 to 4 kHz.
The Red lead is connected to the Input and the Black lead is connected to Ground.

3.2.4 Gas sensor MQ135

MQ-135 gas sensor can be

implementation to detect the
smoke and other harmful gases.
It has potential to detect different
harmful gases, including NH3,
NOx, alcohol, benzene, smoke
and CO2. MQ135 gas sensor has
high sensitivity to Ammonia,
Sulfide and Benzene steam, also
sensitive to smoke and other
harmful gases. This Module
Fig 3.6- Gas sensor

makes use of the MQ-135 air quality detector and hazardous gas detector chip. Other circuit
components such as the LM393 analog comparator chip on this module makes it easy to integrate
this module into a project that can detect hazardous gases. The Module requires a 5V power
supply and provides a digital Logic output (1 or 0) and an analog level output (0-4V). The digital
logic output is LOW (0) when no gas is detected but goes HIGH (1) when hazardous gas
concentration in the environment reaches the set threshold set via a potentiometer on the module.
The analog level output provides an output voltage within the range of 0 to 4V based on the
concentration of the hazardous gas in the environment; 0V for lowest concentration, 4V for
maximum concentration.

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Fig 3.7 Gas sensor MQ135 Pin Configuration

This Module makes use of the MQ-135 air quality detector and hazardous gas detector chip.
Other circuit components such as the LM393 analog comparator chip on this module makes it
easy to integrate this module into a project that can detect hazardous gases. The Module requires a
5V power supply and provides a digital Logic output (1 or 0) and an analog level output (0-4V).
The digital logic output is LOW (0) when no gas is detected but goes HIGH (1) when hazardous
gas concentration in the environment reaches the set threshold set via a potentiometer on the
module. The analog level output provides an output voltage within the range of 0 to 4V based on
the concentration of the hazardous gas in the environment; 0V for lowest concentration, 4V for
maximum concentration. You can use it detects hazardous gases such as Ammonia, Nitrogen Oxide,
Alcohol, Benzene, Smoke (Carbon Monoxide), Carbon Dioxide and other air contaminants in our
DIY project. The MQ-135 device on this module uses a heating element. After initial power ON,
please wait at least 20 Seconds before reading outputs to ensure data validity. The Sensitive
material used in MQ135 gas sensor is SnO2. The conductivity of this material is lower in clean air.
The sensor conductivity increases with the increasing concentration of target pollution gas.
MQ135 can monitor different kinds of toxic gases such as sulphide, ammonia gas, benzene series
steam and CO2. The detection range is 10-10,000 ppm with the voltage rate of about 5.0V±0.1V
AC or DC The important features are long life span, low cost, simple driver circuit and good
sensitivity to toxic gases. MQ 135 gas sensor is widely used in industrial gas alarm, portable gas
detector and domestic gas alarm as shown in Fig.6. MQ-135 is used in this framework for
monitoring CO2 in air.

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Features

• High Sensitivity
• High sensitivity to Ammonia, Sulfide and Benze
• Stable and Long Life
• Detection Range: 10 - 300 ppm NH3, 10 - 1000 ppm Benzene, 10 - 300 Alcohol
• Heater Voltage: 5.0V
• Dimensions: 18mm Diameter, 17mm High excluding pins, Pins - 6mm High
• Long life and low cost

Applications
• Domestic air pollution detector
• Industrial air pollution detector
• Portable air pollution detector

Structure and configuration of MQ-135 gas sensor

Structure and configuration of MQ-135 gas sensor is shown as Fig 3.8 an fig 3.9 (Configuration
A or B), sensor composed by micro AL2O3 ceramic tube, Tin Dioxide (SnO2) sensitive layer,
measuring electrode and heater are fixed into a crust made by plastic and stainless-steel net. The
heater provides necessary work conditions for work of sensitive Parts Materials 1 Gas sensing
layer SnO2 2 Electrode Au 3 Electrode line Pt 4 Heater coil Ni-Cr alloy 5 Tubular ceramic
Al2O3 6 Anti-explosion network Stainless steel gauze (SUS316 100-mesh) 7 Clamp ring Copper
plating Ni 8 Resin base Bakelite 9 Tube Pin Copper plating Ni as shown in Fig. 3.10
Configuration A Configuration B Fig 3.11 components. The enveloped MQ-135 have 6 pin ,4 of
them are used to fetch signals, and other 2 are used for providing heating current.

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Parts Materials
1 Gas sensing layer SnO2

2 Electrode Au

3 Electrode line Pt

4 Heater coil Ni-Cr alloy

5 Tubular ceramic Al2O3

6 Anti-explosion network Stainless steel gauze

(SUS316 100-mesh)

7 Clamp ring Copper plating Ni

8 Resin base Bakelite

9 Tube pin Copper plating Ni

Fig 3.8: Composition if MQ-135

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Fig 3.9 Structure of MQ-135

Fig 3.10 Configuration A of MQ-135

Fig 3.11 Configuration B of MQ-135 Gas Sensor

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Sensitvity adjustment

Resistance value of MQ-135 is difference to various kinds and various concentration gases. So,
When using this components, sensitivity adjustment is very necessary. we recommend that you
calibrate the detector for 100ppm NH3 or 50ppm Alcohol concentration in air and use value of
Load resistance that(RL) about 20 KΩ(10KΩ to 47 KΩ). When accurately measuring, the proper
alarm point for the gas detector should be determined after considering the temperature and
humidity influence

This figure shows the typical

sensitivity characteristics of the
MQ-135 for several gases in their:
Temp: 20

Humidity: 65%
O2 concentration 21%
RL=20kΩ

Ro:sensor resistance at 100ppm

of NH3 in the clean air.
Rs:sensor resistance at various
concentrations of different
gases Ga.

Fig 3.12 : Typical Sensitivity Characteristics Of The MQ-135 Gas Sensor

3.2.5 16X2 LCD Panel:-

LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is an electronic display module and find a wide range
of applications. A 16x2 LCD display is a very basic module and is very commonly used in
various devices and circuits. These modules are preferred over seven segments and other multi-
segment LEDs [4]. The reasons being: LCDs are economical; easily programmable; have no
limitation of displaying special & even custom characters.

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This LCD each character is displayed in 5x7 pixel matrix. This LCD has two registers,
namely, Command and Data. The command register stores the command instructions given to
the LCD. A command is an instruction given to LCD to do a predefined task like initializing it,
clearing its screen, setting the cursor position, controlling display etc. The data register stores
the data to be displayed on the LCD. The data is the ASCII value of the character to be displayed
on the LCD. Click to learn more about internal structure of a LCD.

Fig 3.13 LCD (16x2) Pin Configuration

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Pin Description:

Pin
Function Name
No
1 Ground (0V) Ground
2 Supply voltage; 5V (4.7V – 5.3V) Vcc
3 Contrast adjustment; through a variable resistor Vee
4 Selects command register when low; and data register when high Register Select

5 Low to write to the register; High to read from the register Read/write
6 Sends data to data pins when a high to low pulse is given Enable
7 DB0
8 DB1
9 DB2
10 8-bit data pins DB3
11 DB4
12 DB5
13 DB6
14 DB7
15 Backlight VCC (5V) Led+
16 Backlight Ground (0V) Led-

Table 3.4 : Pin Description of 16x2 LCD Panel

3.2.6 Lithium Polymer Batter

The lithium-polymer differentiates itself from conventional battery systems in the type of
electrolyte used. The original design, dating back to the 1970s, uses a dry solid polymer
electrolyte. This electrolyte resembles a plastic-like film that does not conduct electricity but
allows ions exchange (electrically charged atoms or groups of atoms). The polymer electrolyte
replaces the traditional porous separator, which is soaked with electrolyte. The dry polymer
design offers simplifications with respect to fabrication, ruggedness, safety and thin-profile
geometry. With a cell thickness measuring as little as one millimeter (0.039 inches), equipment
designers are left to their own imagination in terms of form, shape and size.

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 Air Quality Monitoring Device

Unfortunately, the dry lithium-polymer suffers from poor conductivity. The internal resistance is
too high and cannot deliver the current bursts needed to power modern communication devices
and spin up the hard drives of mobile computing equipment.

Fig 3.14 Lithium Polymer Battery

Heating the cell to 60°C (140°F) and higher increases the conductivity, a requirement that is
unsuitable for portable applications. To compromise, some gelled electrolyte has been added. The
commercial cells use a separator/ electrolyte membrane prepared from the same traditional porous
polyethylene or polypropylene separator filled with a polymer, which gels upon filling with the
liquid electrolyte. Thus the commercial lithium-ion polymer cells are very similar in chemistry and
materials to their liquid electrolyte counterparts. Lithium-ion- polymer has not caught on as
quickly as some analysts had expected. Its superiority to other systems and low manufacturing
costs has not been realized. No improvements in capacity gains are achieved - in fact, the capacity
is slightly less than that of the standard lithium-ion battery. Lithium-ion-polymer finds its market
niche in wafer-thin geometries, such as batteries for credit cards and other such applications.
Advantages
• Very low profile - batteries resembling the profile of a credit card are feasible.
• Flexible form factor - manufacturers are not bound by standard cell formats. With high
volume, any reasonable size can be produced economically.
• Lightweight - gelled electrolytes enable simplified packaging by eliminating the metal shell.
• Improved safety - more resistant to overcharge; less chance for electrolyte leakage.

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3. Design And implementation

1. Algorithm And Working Process

I have connected the MQ135 gas sensor and ESP8266 Wi-Fi device with the Arduino.
Connected the VCC and the ground pin of the sensor to the 5V and ground of the Arduino and
the Analog pin of sensor to the A0 of the Arduino. Connected a buzzer to the pin D8 of the
NodeMCU which is start to beep when the condition becomes true. The MQ135 sensor can
sense NH3, NOx, alcohol, Benzene, smoke, CO2 and some other gases, so it is faultless gas
sensor for our Air Quality Observing Detection Project. When I connect it to Arduino then it
senses the gases, and I get the Pollution level in PPM (parts per million). MQ135 gas sensor
gives the output in form of voltage levels and I need to convert it into PPM. Sensor is giving
us value of 34 ppm when there is no gas near it and the safe level of air quality is below 130
ppm and it is not exceeding 250 PPM. When it exceeds the limit of 250 PPM, then it starts
cause Headaches, sleepiness and stagnant, stale, stuffy air ,can cause increased heart rate and
many other diseases [10]. When the value is being less than 130 PPM, then the LCD and
serial monitor is displayed “AQ Level Normal”. Whenever the lue is increased beyond 130
PPM, then serial monitor is displayed “AQ Level Medium”,. If it is increased beyond 250
PPM, then the buzzer is kept beeping and the LCD is displayed “AQ Level Danger”. After
uploading the code, I am connected to the Wi-Fi of my ESP8266 device, the serial monitor has
opened and it is showing the IP address like shown below (192.168.43.57). If I have typed
mentioned IP address in my browser, it is shown the output as below. I have to refresh the
page again if I want to see the current Air Quality Value in PPM. After uploading code, the
value is being less than 130 PPM, then the LCD and Web Browser is displayed “AQ Level
Normal”. After uploading code, the value is increased 130 PPM, then the LCD and web
browser are displayed “AQ Level Medium”. After uploading code, When the value is
increased 250 PPM then the buzzer is kept beeping and the LCD and Web Browser are
displayed “AQ Level Danger”.

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3.3.2 Code Explanation

Here we are using the Arduino IDE to write the code. To write the code for this IoT pollution
monitoring project we are keeping in mind that first, our code has to connect the local area
network by using the credentials provided in the code. After that, our code has to work on getting
the input from the sensor, and then it must display the data on the webpage, which is created using
nodeMCU. We are calculating the voltage variations with respect to the pollution content in the
air. If the output of the MQ sensor is 130 ppm, we considered it a normal amount of pollution
content present in the air. If the voltage is increased and stabilizes in the range of more than 130
ppm to less than 250 ppm , then it is considered as a medium amount of pollution content present
in the surrounding air. If the output voltage

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increases more than 250 ppm of the maximum value, then it is considered as dangerous level.
These values are transmitted and shown at the webpage.

LiquidCrystal lcd(rs, en, d4, d5, d6, d7);

The below code declares and initializes the SSID and pass as a pointer variable of type char, and
used to store the wifi SSID and Wifi password in those pointer variables. Then, start the webserver
on port 80, by using the function WiFiServer server(80).

const char *ssid = "xxxxxx"; // Enter your WiFi Name const char *pass = "xxxxxxxx"; // Enter
your WiFi Password WiFiServer server(80);
The code written in the void setup(), is used to begin the serial communication at 115200 baud
rate. Then by using the SSID, password, and WiFi.begin function, we form a connection between
the nodeMCU and LAN. After forming a connection with the LAN, we have to find the IP address
of the nodeMCU, so that we can check the data displayed on the webpage. We can find the IP
address by using the function Wifi.localIP() and print it using the serial monitor. Note that
nodeMCU and your network connection should be on the same network.

void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
lcd.begin(16, 2);
delay(10);
Serial.println("Connecting to ");
lcd.print("Connecting ..... ");
Serial.println(ssid);

WiFi.begin(ssid, pass); while

(WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED)
{ delay(550);
Serial.print(".");
lcd.print("."); }

Serial.println("");
Serial.println("WiFi connected");

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 Air Quality Monitoring Device

Serial.print("IP Address: ");

Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
server.begin();
}
After displaying the IP, we now have to handle the code which deals with the taking the input form
the MQ135 gas sensor and then create that webpage and send this data over that webpage. We
must also deal with refreshing the page with certain time period.
The first part of the code in the void loop deals with taking the input from the gas sensor and then
printing the data on the LCD. Here, to get the input from the MQ135 gas sensor, I'm just using the
analogRead command, and then by using the formula of conversion to a percentage, I found the
value of the pollution content.

void loop() { delay(500);

lcd.clear(); lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Pollution=");
air_quality = ((analogRead(A0));
lcd.print(air_quality);
Serial.println(air_quality);
The below code deals with the generation of the webpage on the IP address and then transmits the
data on that webpage. As the data is not of string type, we can’t send the data directly to the
webpage. At first, we need to convert the data to string type before using it to send the data on the
webpage. We can convert the data to string type by using the simple command
String(variable_Name).
WiFiClient client = server.available();

if ( client.connected()) { // loop while the client's connected

// HTTP headers always start with a response code (e.g. HTTP/1.1 200 OK)
client.println("HTTP/1.1 200 OK");
client.println("Content-type:text/html");
client.println("Connection: close");
client.println("Refresh: 3"); // update the page after 3 Sec.
client.println();
lcd.print("Sending Data" );

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 Air Quality Monitoring Device

// Display the HTML web page

client.println("<!DOCTYPE html><html>");
client.println("<head><meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,
initial-scale=1\">");
client.println("<link rel=\"icon\" href=\"data:,\">");

// Web Page Heading

client.println("<body><h1 style=\"color:orange;\"> Air Quality Measurement

</h1>");

client.println("<body><p style=\"color:blue;\"> Pollution Content(in percentage) = "

+ String(air_quality) +" %"+ " </p>");

if(air_quality <= 130 ){

client.println("<body><p style=\"color:green;\"> Normal </p>");

} else if (air_quality > 130 && air_quality < 250){

client.println("<body><p style=\"color:purple;\"> Medium </p>");
} else {

client.println("<body><p style=\"font-size:200%; color:red\"> Danger!!! </p>");

client.println("</body></html>");
delay(1000);
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Pollution=");
lcd.print(air_quality);
lcd.print("%");
}

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 Air Quality Monitoring Device

CHAPTER 4
Experimentation And Result

4.1 Implementation And Result

The MQ135 sensor can sense CO2 and some other gases, so it is perfect gas sensor for my Air
Quality Monitoring System Project. When I connect it to Arduino then it senses the gases, and I
need the Pollution level in PPM (parts per million). MQ135 gas sensor gives the output in form of
voltage levels for change in resistance values based on the concentrations of pollutants measured.
We are calculating the voltage variations with respect to the pollution content in the air. If the
output of the MQ sensor is 130 ppm, we considered it a normal amount of pollution content
present in the air. If the voltage is increased and stabilizes in the range of more than 130 ppm to
less than 250 ppm, then it is considered as a medium amount of pollution content present in the
surrounding air. If the output voltage increases more than 250 ppm of the maximum value, then it
is considered as dangerous level. These values are transmitted and shown at the webpage.

Fig 4.1: Air Quality Monitoring System Working

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 Air Quality Monitoring Device

After uploading the code, We are now connected to the Wi-Fi of ESP8266 device, the serial
monitor has opened and it is showing the IP address like shown below (192.168.43.52).

Type this IP address in your browser, it shows the output as shown below. We have to refresh the
page again if we want to see the current Air Quality Value in PPM.

Fig 4.2 Loading The Program Code

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 Air Quality Monitoring Device

2.2 Outcome of the literature review

Our device will be able to perform and has an additional feature as mentioned in the below table
which were not previously available in other air quality monitoring devices. Once the device starts
detecting, when the value measured less than 130 ppm ,then the LCD and Web Browser will
display “Normal”.

Fig 4.3: When concentration measured is below 130 ppm.

When the value measured in the range 130 – 250 PPM, then the LCD and web browser
display “Medium”

Fig 4.4: When concentration measured is between 130 - 250 ppm

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 Air Quality Monitoring Device

When the value increase beyond 250 PPM then the buzzer keeps beeping and the LCD and
Web Browser display “Danger!!!”.

Fig 4.5: When concentration measured is beyond 250 ppm

.
MQ135 Sensor Air Quality Value Display
Detect (AQV) Result

CO2 AQV<130 PPM AQ Level

Normal

CO2 AQV>130 & AQV< 250 AQ Level

PPM Medium

CO2 AQV>250 PPM AQ Level

Danger

Table 4.1 : Air Qualtiy Value Range and its Corresponding Result

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4.2 Performance Analysis

This table shows that the air quality health and its risk through a 0.1-1.0 base scale. It is divided
into three parts like as Fresh Air, Poor Air & Danger Air. It detects the air pollution level and
indicates the risk through this scale. When the updated data compared to the base data then it
shows the result accordingly to this scale [18]. The compared data is between 0.1-0.5 it shows
that health risk is low and indicate open window, when it rises up to 0.6-1.0 it shows that the
pollution in the air is considered dangerous for human being and I take some steps quickly.

Air Quality Indicator

Range (PPM) Result Health Impacts

0 - 130 Fresh Air Minimal impact

May cause minor breathing

130 250 Poor Air discomfort to sensitive people.

May cause breathing discomfort to

people with lung disease such as
250 to Danger Air asthma, and discomfort to people with
above heart disease, children and older
adults.

Table 4.2 : AQI levels and Connected Health Impacts

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 Air Quality Monitoring Device

CHAPTER 5

Conclusions And References

5.1 Conclusions
The system to monitor the air of environment using Arduino microcontroller, IoT Technology
is proposed to improve quality of air. With the use of IoT technology enhances the process of
monitoring various aspects of environment such as air quality monitoring issue proposed in this
paper. Here, using the MQ135 gives the sense of different type of dangerous gas and
NodeMCU is the heart of this project. Which control the entire process, NodeMCU module
connects the whole process to LCD and serial monitor is used for the visual Output.

5.2 Future Scope

The future scope is that device which we are having can be done in a compact way by reducing
the size of the device for further implementation or the modifications which can be is that
detecting the vehicles amount of pollution which can be determined. In future the range can be
made increased according to the bandwidth for the high range frequencies. Further research can
be made by making the people in the right direction for their welfare. Therefore, there is another
beneficiary by using this device in an app so the all can be used in an GSM mobile phones for
their daily updates by increasing their range.

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References

1)Arun Raj V., Priya R.M.P., and Meenakshi, V., "Air Pollution Monitoring In Urban Area,"
International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering , 2017 .

2)Matthews V.O., Uzairue S.I., Noma-Osaghae E., and Nwukor F., Design and Simulation of a
Smart Automated Traffic System in a Campus Community.", International Journal of Emerging
Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved),
ISSN:2349-5162,5(8), 2018, pp. 492-497,
Available at :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR1807794.pdf.

3)Priyanka, V., "Review: Air Quality Monitoring System," International Journal of Advanced
Research in Computer and Communication Engineering, 5(6), 2016.

4)Matthews, V. O., Noma-Osaghae, E., and Uzairue, S. I., "An Analytics Enabled Wireless Anti-
Intruder Monitoring and Alarm System," International Journal of Scientific Research in Science,
Engineering and Technology, 4, 2018, pp. 5-11.

5)Etinosa, N.-O., Okereke, C., Robert, O., Okesola, O. J., and Okokpujie, K. O., "Design and
Implementation of an Iris Biometric Door Access Control System," in Computational Science and
Computational Intelligence (CSCI), 2017, Las Vegas, USA, 2017

6)Snyder, E.G., Watkins, T.H., Solomon, P.A., Thoma, E.D., Williams, R.W., Hagler, G.S.,
Shelow, D., Hindin, D.A., Kilaru, V.J. and Preuss, P.W., 2013. The changing paradigm of air
pollution monitoring.

7)Matthews, V. O., Uzairue, S. I., Noma-Osaghae, E., Enefiok, M. K., and Ogukah, P. J.,
"Implementation of a Community Emergency Security Alert System," International Journal of
Innovative Science and Research Technology, 3, 2018, pp. 475-483.

8)Priyanka V. Shitole, Dr. S. D. Markande2, "Review: Air Quality Monitoring System,"

International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering, vol. 5,
no. 6, 2016.

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