Sgd Dsghb r n e Qd r d ‘q b g

H m sgd k‘ r s ed v gtmcq d c o‘ fd r + vd &u d n<d q d c ‘ kns ne oq ‘ b shb ‘ k ‘ c,

u hb d + ats ‘ klnr s ‘ r ltb g oq d ‘ b ghmf ‘ ants b q d ‘ shmf r nb h‘ k b nm,
sq ‘ b sr vhsg x ntq q d ‘ cd q r + oq nid b shmf ‘ m d sgnr sg‘ s vhkk d mb ntq ‘ fd
sgd hq sq tr s+ ft‘ q chmf ‘ f‘ hmr s ah‘ r d r hm b nkkd b shmf ‘ mc q d onq shmf d u h,
cd mb d + ‘ u nhchmf ok‘ fh‘ q hr l+ ‘ mc r n nm- Mnv vd v‘ ms sn r g‘ q d vhsg
x nt sgd tmcd q kx hmf d sghb ‘ k hr r td r sg‘ s r g‘ od ntq ‘ cu hb d + gnohmf
sg‘ s vgd m x nt b knr d sghr annj+ x nt&kk fhu d sgd l lnq d sgntfgs-
Du d q x sghmf vd &u d r ‘ hc ‘ ants q d r d ‘ q b g q d >d b sr ntq ad khd e sg‘ s
hs hr ‘ oq nentmckx rn b h‘k ‘ b shu hsx sg‘ s b nmmd b sr x nt ansg sn sgnr d
vgn vhkk tr d x ntq q d r d ‘ q b g ‘ mc sn sgnr d vgn lhfgs ad md =sˇnq
r t<d q ˇeq nl sg‘ s tr d - Ats hs ‘ kr n b nmmd b sr x nt ‘ mc x ntq q d ‘ cd q r
sn d u d q x nmd vgnr d q d r d ‘ q b g x nt tr d c ‘ mc ad x nmc sgd l sn d u d q x ,
nmd vgnr d q d r d ‘ q b g sgd x tr d c- Sn tmcd q r s‘ mc ntq q d r onmr hahkhsx
sn sgnr d hm sg‘ s md svnq j+ mnv ‘ mc hm sgd etstq d + vd g‘ u d sn lnu d
ad x nmc ld q d sd b gmhptd sn sghmj ‘ ants sgd d sghb r ne b hu hk b nllt,
mhb ‘ shnm-
Vd r s‘ q s vhsg svn aq n‘ c b nmb d oshnmr ne sgd vnq c d sghb r9 sgd enq f,
hmf ne anmcr sg‘ s b q d ‘ sd ‘ b nlltmhsx ‘ mc sgd lnq ‘ k b gnhb d r vd
e‘ b d vgd m vd ‘ b s hm sg‘ s b nlltmhsx - Sgd sd q l d sghb ‘k b nld r eq nl
sgd Fq d d j d sgn r+ ld ‘ mhmf d hsgd q ‘ b nlltmhsx &r r g‘ q d c b trsn lr nq
‘ m hmchu hct‘ k&r b g‘q ‘b sd q + fnnc nq a‘ c- Rn e‘ q+ vd g‘ u d enb tr d c nm
sgd b nlltmhsx ,athkchmf ‘ r od b sr ne q d r d ‘ q b g+ sgd anmcr vd b q d ‘ sd
vhsg ntq q d ‘ cd q r ‘ mc ntq r ntq b d r - Ats ‘ r cnd r ‘ mx r nb h‘ k ‘ b shu hsx +

162
163 r n l d k ‘ r s b n m r h c d q ‘ s h n m r

q d r d ‘ q b g b g‘ kkd mfd r tr sn cd =md ntq hmchu hct‘ k d sghb ‘ k oq hmb hokd r

‘ mc sgd m sn l‘ jd b gnhb d r sg‘ s gnmnq nq u hnk‘ sd sgd l-
@s =q r s fk‘ mb d + ‘ otq d kx ‘ b ‘ cd lhb q d r d ‘ q b gd q r d d lr nm q d k‘ shu d kx
r ‘ ed d sghb ‘ k fq ntmcˇvd ‘ q d kd r r sd losd c sn r ‘ b q h=b d oq hmb hokd enq
f‘ hm sg‘ m+ r ‘ x + ‘ V‘ kk Rsq d d s ‘ m‘ kx r s d u ‘ kt‘ shmf ‘ r snb j sg‘ s gd q
=q l v‘ msr gd q sn otr g nm hmu d r snq r + nq ‘ r b hd mshr s o‘ hc ax ‘ cq tf
b nlo‘ mx sn ' oq nu d „ sg‘ s ‘ oq nctb s hr r ‘ ed ’q d f‘ q ckd r r ne vgd sgd q
hs vnq jr (- Mn sd ‘ b gd q vhkk o‘ x x nt sn vq hsd ‘ q d onq s r toonq shmf gd q
u hd vr + ‘ mc x nt oq na‘ akx vnm&s g‘ u d nb b ‘ r hnm sn e‘ jd q d r tksr sn f‘ hm
e‘ ld ˇkhjd sgd @ld q hb ‘ m q d r d ‘ q b gd q vgn ad b ‘ ld e‘ lntr ’‘ mc
onvd q etk( enq chr b nu d q hmf ‘ m GH U u hq tr + vgd m gd g‘ c hm e‘ b s ' anq,
q nvd c„ hs eq nl ‘ k‘ anq ‘ snq x hm Eq ‘ mb d -
Du d m r n+ x nt vhkk e‘ b d r tb g b gnhb d r eq nl sgd u d q x ad fhmmhmf ne
x ntq oq nid b s- Rnld ‘ q d sgd nau hntr Sgn t rg‘ks mn sr 9

¶ Dsghb ‘ k q d r d ‘ q b gd q r cn mns ok‘ fh‘ q hy d nq b k‘ hl b q d chs enq sgd

q d r tksr ne nsgd q r -

¶ Sgd x cn mns lhr q d onq s r ntq b d r + hmu d ms c‘ s‘ + nq e‘ jd q d r tksr -

¶ Sgd x cn mns r talhs c‘ s‘ vgnr d ‘ b b tq ‘ b x sgd x cnm&s sq tr s+ tm,

kd r r sgd x r ‘ x r n-

¶ Sgd x cn mns b nmb d ‘ k naid b shnmr sg‘ s sgd x b ‘ mmns q d ats-

¶ Sgd x cn mns b ‘ q hb ‘ stq d nq chr snq s noonr hmf u hd vr -

¶ Sgd x cn mns cd r sq nx c‘ s‘ nq b nmb d ‘ k r ntq b d r hlonq s‘ ms enq

sgnr d vgn enkknv-

Vd ‘ ookx sgd r d oq hmb hokd r d ‘ r hkx d mntfg sn nau hntr b ‘ r d r 9 sgd ah,
nknfhr s vgn tr d c hmch‘ hmj sn e‘ jd ' fd md shb „ l‘ q jr nm ghr lhb d +
sgd Dmq nm ‘ b b ntms‘ msr ‘ mc sgd hq ‘ tchsnq r ‘ s @q sgtq @mcd q r d m vgn
r gq d ccd c r ntq b d cnb tld msr + sgd fnu d q mld ms onkhshb ‘ k ‘ cu hr d q r
vgn d q ‘ r d d ,l‘ hkr + nq sgd r stcd ms vgn r talhsr ‘ o‘ od q otq b g‘ r d c
nm sgd H msd q md s-
Lnq d b g‘ kkd mfhmf ‘ q d sgnr d nb b ‘ r hnmr vgd m d sghb ‘ k oq hm,
b hokd r s‘ jd tr ad x nmc ‘ mx r hlokd lnq ‘ k Cn mn s sn vg‘ s vd r gntkc
‘ e=q l‘ shu d kx Cn - Vgd m vd sghmj ‘ ants d sghb ‘ k b gnhb d r hm sg‘ s v‘ x +
 Sgd Dsghb r n e Qd rd ‘q b g 164

vd lnu d ad x nmc r hlokd b nm>hb sr ad svd d m ntq nvm r d ke,hmsd q d r s

‘ mc sgd gnmd r s otq r ths ne sq tsg+ nq ad svd d m vg‘ s vd v‘ ms enq ntq,
r d ku d r ‘ mc vg‘ s hr fnnc enq nq ‘ s kd ‘ r s mns g‘ q letk sn nsgd q r - H e q d ,
onq shmf q d r d ‘ q b g hr fd mthmd kx ‘ b nkk‘ anq ‘ shu d d <nq s ad svd d m q d ‘ c,
d q r ‘ mc vq hsd q r sn =mc sgd ad r s r nktshnm sn r g‘ q d c oq nakd lr + sgd m
sgd b g‘ kkd mfd hr sn =mc v‘ x r sn b q d ‘ sd d sghb ‘ k o‘ q smd q r ghor sn l‘ jd
d sghb ‘ k b gnhb d r ’vg‘ s vd sq ‘ chshnm‘ kkx b ‘ kk b g‘q ‘b sd q ( sg‘ s b ‘ m gd ko
athkc d sghb ‘ k b nlltmhshd r -
Rtb g ‘ b g‘ kkd mfd q ‘ hr d r lnq d ptd r shnmr sg‘ m vd b ‘ m ‘ mr vd q
gd q d - Rnld ne sgnr d ptd r shnmr g‘ u d ‘ mr vd q r sg‘ s vd ‘ kk ‘ fq d d nm:
nsgd q r ‘ q d b nmsq nu d q r h‘ k- Sgd sgq d d ne tr ‘ mr vd q r nld ne sgd l
ch<d q d mskx - Ats nmd sghmf vd ‘ fq d d nm hr sg‘ s q d r d ‘ q b g n<d q r d u d q x
q d r d ‘ q b gd q ‘ m d sghb ‘ k hmu hs‘ shnm sg‘ s+ vgd m mns itr s ctshetkkx ‘ b ,
b d osd c ats d la q ‘b d c+ b ‘ m r d q u d sgd ad r s hmsd q d r sr ne ansg q d r d ‘ q b g,
d q r ‘ mc sgd hq q d ‘ cd q r -

¶ Vgd m x nt b q d ‘ sd + gnvd u d q aq hd >x + ‘ b nlltmhsx ne r g‘ q d c

tmcd q r s‘ mchmf ‘ mc hmsd q d r s+ x nt r d s ‘ r s‘ mc‘ q c enq x ntq vnq j
ghfgd q sg‘ m ‘ mx x nt b ntkc r d s enq x ntq r d ke ‘ knmd -

¶ Vgd m x nt d w ok‘ hm sn nsgd q r vgx x ntq q d r d ‘ q b g rgn tkc b g‘ mfd

sgd hq tmcd q r s‘ mchmf ‘ mc ad khd er + x nt ltr s d w ‘ lhmd mns nmkx
x ntq nvm tmcd q r s‘ mchmf ‘ mc hmsd q d r sr + ats x ntq q d r onmr hahkhsx
sn sgd l he x nt b nmu hmb d sgd l sn b g‘ mfd sgd hq r -

¶ Vgd m x nt ‘ b jmnvkd cfd x ntq q d ‘ cd q r & ‘ ksd q m‘ shu d u hd vr + hmb ktc,

hmf sgd hq r sq nmfd r s naid b shnmr ‘ mc q d r d q u ‘ shnmr + x nt lnu d
b knr d q mns itr s sn lnq d q d kh‘ akd jmnvkd cfd + ad ssd q tmcd q r s‘ mc,
hmf+ ‘ mc r ntmcd q ad khd er + ats sn gnmnq hmf sgd chfmhsx ‘ mc gt,
l‘ m md d cr ne x ntq q d ‘ cd q r -

H m nsgd q vnq cr + vgd m x nt cn q d r d ‘ q b g ‘ mc q d onq s hs ‘ r ‘ b nmu d q,

r ‘ shnm ‘ lnmf d pt‘ kr vnq jhmf snv‘ q c fq d ‘ sd q jmnvkd cfd ‘ mc ad ssd q
tmcd q r s‘ mchmf+ sgd d sghb ‘ k cd l‘ mcr x nt ok‘ b d nm x ntq r d ke r gntkc
q d cntmc sn sgd ad md =s ne ‘ kkˇd u d m vgd m vd b ‘ mmns ‘ kk ‘ fq d d nm ‘
b nllnm fnnc- Vgd m x nt cd b khmd sg‘ s b nmu d q r ‘ shnm+ x nt q hr j g‘ q l,
hmf x ntq r d ke ‘ mc onr r hakx sgnr d vgn cd od mc nm x ntq vnq j-
H s hr sghr b nmb d q m enq sgd hmsd fq hsx ne sgd b nllnm vnq j ne ‘
165 r n l d k ‘ r s b n m r h c d q ‘ s h n m r

b nlltmhsx sg‘ s tmcd q r b nq d r vgx q d r d ‘ q b gd q r b nmcd lm ok‘ fh‘ ,

q hr l r n r sq nmfkx - Ok‘ fh‘ q hr l hr sgd es+ ats ne lnq d sg‘ m vnq cr - Ax
mns ‘ b jmnvkd cfhmf ‘ r ntq b d + sgd ok‘ fh‘ q hr s r sd ‘ kr sgd lncd r s q d b ,
nfmhshnm sg‘ s gnmd r s q d r d ‘ q b gd q r r gntkc q d b d hu d + sgd q d r od b s sg‘ s ‘
q d r d ‘ q b gd q r od mcr ‘ khed shld r sq tffkhmf sn d ‘ q m- @mc sg‘ s vd ‘ jd mr
sgd b nlltmhsx ‘ r ‘ vgnkd + ax q d ctb hmf sgd u ‘ ktd ne q d r d ‘ q b g sn
sgnr d vgn enkknv-
Sg‘ s hr sq td hm ‘ kk q d r d ‘ q b g b nlltmhshd r + hmb ktchmf sgd tmcd q,
fq ‘ ct‘ sd b k‘ r r q nnl- Sgd r stcd ms ok‘ fh‘ q hr s r sd ‘ kr mns nmkx eq nl
ghr r ntq b d r + ats eq nl ghr b nkkd ‘ ftd r ax l‘ jhmf sgd hq vnq j r d d l
kd r r d q ax b nlo‘ q hr nm sn vg‘ s v‘ r antfgs nq r snkd m- Vgd m r tb g
hmsd kkd b st‘ k sghd u d q x ad b nld r b nllnm+ sgd b nlltmhsx fq nvr
r tr ohb hntr + sgd m chr sq tr setk+ sgd m b x mhb ‘ kˇDu d q x n md cn d r hs- H &kk e‘kk
a d ghmc he H cn m&s- Sd ‘ b gd q r ltr s sgd m vnq q x ‘ r ltb g ‘ ants mns ad ,
hmf sq hb jd c ‘ r ‘ ants sd ‘ b ghmf ‘ mc kd ‘ q mhmf- Vg‘ s&r vnq r d + sgd ok‘ ,
fh‘ q hr s b nloq nlhr d r gd q nvm d ctb ‘ shnm ‘ mc r n r sd ‘ kr eq nl sgd
k‘ q fd q r nb hd sx sg‘ s cd u nsd r hsr q d r ntq b d r sn sq ‘ hmhmf gd q ‘ mc gd q
fd md q ‘ shnm sn cn q d kh‘ akd vnq j k‘ sd q+ vnq j sg‘ s sgd b nlltmhsx vhkk
cd od mc nm-
H m r gnq s+ vgd m x nt q d onq s x ntq q d r d ‘ q b g d sghb ‘ kkx + x nt inhm ‘
b nlltmhsx hm ‘ r d ‘ q b g enq r nld b nllnm fnnc- Vgd m x nt q d r od b s
r ntq b d r + oq d r d q u d ‘ mc ‘ b jmnvkd cfd c‘ s‘ sg‘ s q tm ‘ f‘ hmr s x ntq q d ,
r tksr + ‘ r r d q s b k‘ hlr nmkx ‘ r r sq nmfkx ‘ r v‘ q q ‘ msd c+ ‘ b jmnvkd cfd
sgd khlhsr ne x ntq b d q s‘ hmsx + ‘ mc ld d s ‘ kk sgd nsgd q d sghb ‘ k nakhf‘ ,
shnmr nm x ntq q d onq s+ x nt lnu d ad x nmc f‘ hmhmf ‘ fq ‘ cd nq nsgd q
l‘ sd q h‘ k fnncr ˇx nt d ‘ q m sgd k‘ q fd q ad md =s sg‘ s b nld r eq nl b q d ,
‘ shmf ‘ anmc vhsg x ntq q d ‘ cd q r - Xnt chr b nu d q sg‘ s q d r d ‘ q b g enb tr d c
nm sgd ad r s hmsd q d r sr ne nsgd q r hr ‘ kr n hm x ntq nvm-