Bsce - Ce3 - SLM 5 Lecture 5

Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University

ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Province of Laguna
Level I Institutionally Accredited
LEARNING GUIDE (LECTURE 5)
INTRODUCTION
The United Nations Conference on Road Traffic was held in Vienna, Austria on
October 7 agreed on the traffic to November 8, 1968 under the auspices of
UNESCO. The participating countries including the Philippine agreed on the Road
Traffic conference to have a separate convention for road signs and signals as
necessary to facilitate international road traffic and to increase road safety.
On June 6, 1973, President Ferdinand E. Marcos which states and partially

quoted:
Whereas, the contracting parties of these conventions to which the Philippines

is the signatory, have agreed to accept the system of traffic, rod signs, signals and
symbols and road markings described in said conventions and to adopt the same as
soon as possible.
Offline Activities
(e-Learning/Self-
Whereas, there is now an urgent needed for the ratification of these
Paced)
conventions in order to adopt internationally prescribed uniform rules of traffic
and roads signs and signals in the Philippines, specially so, because of the intensify
government campaign for road safety.
Whereas, the urgent need for adopting the uniform traffic rules, road signs and
signs and signals s prescribed in the conventions is made more necessary because
of the considerable number of foreigners and tourists that are now operating
motor vehicles on Philippine road.
TRAFFIC ENGINEEERING
 Is a branch of civil engineering which deals with the application of scientific

principles, tools, techniques and findings for safe rapid convenient traffic
movement of people and goods
Objective
LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: Traffic Engineering

Province of Laguna
 The basic objective of traffic engineering is to achieve efficient, free and

rapid flow of traffic with least number of accidents.
ROAD TRAFFIC SIGNS
The importance of road signs has been recognized world-wide because of the
interesting incidents of road accidents due to the volume of traffic and bad habits
of motor vehicle drivers.
Three efficiency principles:

Uniformity – includes the prohibition to use unofficial sins and markings.
Homogeneity – requires that in the same conditions, the user notices signs or
markings with the same value, same importance and located according to the
same rules.
Simplicity - is to avoid super abundance of signs that over strain the driver’s
having the tendency to neglect the given instructions. Sometimes drivers cannot
read, understand, or register the meaning of the signs or markings.
Road signs have the following objectives:

1. To lead a safest road traffic.
2. To facilitate this traffic.
3. To indicate or to remind some particular traffic rules.
4. To inform the drivers how to use the highway.
Different categories of signing devices are:

1. Road traffic signs
2. Road traffic signals
3. Pavement markings
4. Guide post and delineators
Road signs are classified into the following categories

1. Danger warning signs
2. Intersection signs
3. Prescription signs
a. Prohibitive
b. Obligation
4. General information signs
5. Direction signs
6. Agglomeration signs
7. Railway Crossing signs
8. Temporary signs (on road works)

Province of Laguna
9. Special instruction signs
Visibility and Legibility
Signaling devices whether horizontal or vertically installed has the following

objectives:
1. To inform
2. To prevent
3. To guide
4. Act as liaison agents between the driver and the highway alignment
At night, drivers have no complete view of the highway environment. His only
guide is the headlight. Therefore, road signs and signaling must be effective in the
dark. Reports of accidents revealed that for the same traffic condition, the
percentage of fatalities at night is double than during daytime.
The difference can be explained only by the modification of one factor –

Visibility. To be effective, road signs and signaling must be visible and readable
considering human eye limit that is not adaptable at night driving.
Visibility and legibility of road signs or the pavement markings are dependent
on three parameters:
1. the detection is the minimum area in contrast with the environment
perceptibility by human eye.
2. the identification is an analysis of the form and color of the road signs to
understand the messages it conveys.
3. The reading is the fundamental role of road signs conforming to alpha
numerical language or by the symbol of information transmitted to the driver.

Province of Laguna
The small type of road signs are used only when some difficulties prevent
implementation of the normal type such as line of trees, mountainous road,
reduced shoulders, small side walks and the like. The very small type is used
exceptionally in cities for aesthetical consideration.
Basic Principle of Road Signs
The basic principle of road sign is to be perceived clearly by a driver traveling at

relatively high speed, whose attention is solicited by the driving requirements. To
be useful, road signs must be efficient according to:
1. Valorization Principles means to use only the needed and useful signs. Too
many roads signs lessen its efficiency. Regulatory and warning signs should be
installed sparingly because excessive use of these signs will only decrease their
authority.
2. Concentration Principles. When it is necessary that some road signs must be

seen at the same time, they should be installed for the driver to see at a glance by
bight and day. The signs must be set on the same post when the two indications
relating to the same point are complementary. For instance, traffic signals ahead
and the pedestrian crossing. This concentration principle however, is limited by the
legibility principle.
3. Legibility Principles. Excessive efforts of reading or memory works cannot be

required from the driver. The indications or analogical messages should be
reduced, and if necessary, roads signs should be properly distributed. Experienced
proved that average observer cannot see and understand at a glance more than
two symbols at a time.

Province of Laguna
Warning (Danger) Sign
Warning Sign is used to warn traffic of potentially hazardous conditions on or

adjacent to the roadway. Warning sign is always Triangular in Shape with one
Vertical Angle and dark blue symbol, two boarders one white and red with
reflectorized white background.
There is no exception to this rule, and the use of yellow color for background is
strictly prohibited for permanent signs. The yellow color is reserved only for
temporary signals used during road construction or maintenance work.

Province of Laguna
Objectives of Warning Signs
The objectives of warning sign are to attract driver’s attention in the areas
where his watchfulness has to increase on account of the obstacles or of the
dangerous points linked to:
1. The highway structures such as curves, humps, dips and narrowing.
2. Condition of the road such as slippery, falling rocks and the like.
3. Other transport infrastructure kike opening bridge, airport vicinity, railway
crossing, etc.,
4. The condition of vehicles and pedestrian traffic pedestrian crossing, children
area, two-lane highway after a multi-lane highway.
5. Local circumstances such as factory exit, quarry exit, etc.
When it is necessary to point out a potential risk, and advanced danger warning
sign is installed. The purpose is to inform the driver that he is approaching the
obstacle, the dangerous point or the beginning of a dangerous zone. Road signs
pointing to danger zone or intersections should indicate the length repeated after
each intersection.
Fixed Message Signs Includes:

1. Detailed direction to motorist of the freeways and warning signs regarding
destination and lane occupancy.
2. Signs to notify motorists of the changes in direction.
3. For low volume of rural roads, only directional and kilometric signs installed
at intersections and also signs for dangerous conditions.
Road signs should not carry commercial advertisement other than for traffic
control only. There are situations where almost no signs are installed because they
are being vandalized or taken away as building materials.

Province of Laguna
Installation of Regulatory and Warning Sign

Province of Laguna
Regulatory and warning signs are installed sparingly because excessive use of these
signs will only decrease their authority.

Province of Laguna

Province of Laguna

Province of Laguna

Province of Laguna

Province of Laguna

Province of Laguna

Province of Laguna

Province of Laguna

Province of Laguna

Province of Laguna

Province of Laguna

Province of Laguna

Province of Laguna

Province of Laguna

Province of Laguna

Province of Laguna

Province of Laguna

Province of Laguna

Province of Laguna

Province of Laguna

Province of Laguna

Province of Laguna

Province of Laguna

Province of Laguna

Province of Laguna

Province of Laguna

Province of Laguna

Province of Laguna

Province of Laguna

Province of Laguna

Province of Laguna

Province of Laguna

Province of Laguna
Words, letters or arrows are also placed on the pavements to notify the
motorists that they are approaching hazard zone such as railroads, school
crossing or to mark straight through or turning lanes. Symbols, words or
numbers convey information such as Speed Limit and the nearness of schools,
hospitals, judiciary courts, etc. Pavement markings have been proven effective
in the reduction of accidents, and much is yet to be learned of driver’s
response.

Province of Laguna
Performance Tasks
PT 1
Directions:
1. After understanding the lesson,
Gather 10 pictures that you have seen passing the from Santa Cruz to South super highway. Indicate caption of
the sinages.
2. What is the objective of traffic engineering and warning signs. Explain your answer.
Understanding Directed Assess

Rubric for Designing Lesson Plan (PT 1 )
Learning Resources
Elements of Roads and Highways (second edition) by: Max B. Fajardo, Jr.
Prepared by:
Engr. Revelina C. Ansay

Province of Laguna
COE Faculty, LSPU-Sta. Cruz Campus

Bsce - Ce3 - SLM 5 Lecture 5

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Bsce - Ce3 - SLM 5 Lecture 5

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Republic of the Philippines

Laguna State Polytechnic University

LEARNING GUIDE (LECTURE 5)

On June 6, 1973, President Ferdinand E. Marcos which states and partially

Whereas, the contracting parties of these conventions to which the Philippines

 Is a branch of civil engineering which deals with the application of scientific

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: Traffic Engineering

 The basic objective of traffic engineering is to achieve efficient, free and

ROAD TRAFFIC SIGNS

Three efficiency principles:

Road signs have the following objectives:

Different categories of signing devices are:

Road signs are classified into the following categories

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: Traffic Engineering

9. Special instruction signs

Visibility and Legibility

Signaling devices whether horizontal or vertically installed has the following

The difference can be explained only by the modification of one factor –

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: Traffic Engineering

Basic Principle of Road Signs

The basic principle of road sign is to be perceived clearly by a driver traveling at

2. Concentration Principles. When it is necessary that some road signs must be

3. Legibility Principles. Excessive efforts of reading or memory works cannot be

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: Traffic Engineering

Warning (Danger) Sign

Warning Sign is used to warn traffic of potentially hazardous conditions on or

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: Traffic Engineering

Objectives of Warning Signs

Fixed Message Signs Includes:

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: Traffic Engineering

Installation of Regulatory and Warning Sign

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: Traffic Engineering

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: Traffic Engineering

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: Traffic Engineering

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: Traffic Engineering

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: Traffic Engineering

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: Traffic Engineering

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: Traffic Engineering

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: Traffic Engineering

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: Traffic Engineering

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: Traffic Engineering

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: Traffic Engineering

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: Traffic Engineering

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: Traffic Engineering

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: Traffic Engineering

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: Traffic Engineering

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: Traffic Engineering

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: Traffic Engineering

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: Traffic Engineering

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: Traffic Engineering

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: Traffic Engineering

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: Traffic Engineering

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: Traffic Engineering

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: Traffic Engineering

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: Traffic Engineering

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: Traffic Engineering

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: Traffic Engineering

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: Traffic Engineering

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: Traffic Engineering

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: Traffic Engineering

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: Traffic Engineering

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: Traffic Engineering