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WATER QUALITY STUDY FOR RECREATIONAL

PURPOSE AT SELECTED LAKES
Aiza Shazlin Binti Mohamed Ibrahim, Ts Dr Nadiatul Adilah binti Ahmad Abdul
Ghani

Abstract
The natural processes that affect water quality as well as manmade activity including industrial
production, municipal waste disposal, residential construction, and agricultural production all contribute to
ongoing pollution. Population growth, urbanisation, and modernity are resulting in problems with sewage
disposal and the contaminating of water sources like lakes. Numerous lake issues that result in significant
contamination have been studied. Because of that, the lakes' water quality is in question. The purpose of
this study is to use the water quality index (WQI) to evaluate the water quality of selected lakes. The
National Water Quality Standard (NWQS) was used as the basis for the water quality index calculator in
Malaysia. By examining the turbidity, temperature, COD, BOD, TSS, pH, and other WQI indicators, the
water quality is determined. Two sampling points provide the samples, which are then gathered and
examined. The National Water Quality Index (WQI) is then used to compare these parameters.

*Corresponding author: sv-email@ump.edu.my

INTRODUCTION that urbanization, increased industrial activity,

A lake is a body of water surrounded by land.
Lake water is still or standing, meaning it doesn't
flow from point A to point B in the same way a
river does. The lake can be natural or man-
made. Some of the lakes are used for
recreational activities, particularly when they are
close to cities and residential areas.
untreated wastewater outflow, and sewage
outlets are all contributing to the pollution of
Taman Bandar Lake and KOTASAS Lake's
surface water resources.
Study Objectives

Water quality is measured by several factors,
such as the concentration of dissolved oxygen,
bacteria levels, the amount of salt (or salinity), or
the amount of material suspended in the water
(turbidity). [3]
Problem Statement
Human activity-related pollution has always
been a problem that might harm the
environment and the general population
because of the pollutants or effluents discharged
from adjacent industries or the disposal of
garbage without a suitable management and
filtering system. Lake pollution has grown in
importance because of recent economic growth
and rising pollutant discharge from economic
activity, development, and home life. t. It is
obvious that the conversion of these resources
into finished or semi-finished industrial products
results in residues that are often discharged as
wastes into water.[2] In this study, it appears
• To obtain the status of water quality for
Kotasas Lake and Taman Bandar Lake.
• To identify the activities along, Kotasas
Lake and Taman Bandar Lake and the
source of pollution that can affect the
water quality.
• To suggest an opinion or provide an
action to be taken to maintain the water
quality for Kotasas Lake and Taman
Bandar Lake
Scope of study
• The evaluation of current water quality
for the lakes based on Water Quality
Index (WQI) and Interim National Water
Quality Standards for Malaysia (INWQS)
• This study will focus on effects of
urbanization and economic growth
surrounding area of the lakes.
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• Identify the class of lakes whether it is The number of non-volatile hydrocarbons (also
suitable for recreational purposes. known as petroleum derivatives), vegetable oils,
animal fats, waxes, soaps, greases, and related
materials in a sample is determined by oil and
grease testing using APHA 5220 B 21st Edition
METHODOLOGY standard.
In-Situ
Two points were selected, one outlet and one
inlet, to collect the water sample. 1 L of plastic
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
bottles and 1 500-ml amber glass bottle was Table 1. Kotasas Lake Lab results
used to collect water samples by using hand-
collected sample. The water samples were Rainy Day Sunny Day
collected in different weather conditions (mainly Point A Point B Point A Point B
during rainy and sunny days), depending on the BOD 50 8 1 2
day before collecting the samples. Once, the COD 55 37 4 4
sample collection was done, the sample should TSS 300 35 4 8
be preserved according to the test needed. AN 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.8
Reading for pH level, dissolved oxygen, Oil & 2 - 1 -
temperature, conductivity, and turbidity was Grease
taken by using a YSI multiparameter.
Laboratory Table 2. Taman Bandar Lake Lab results

Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Chemical Rainy Day Sunny Day

Oxygen Demand, Total Suspended Solid, Point A Point B Point A Point B
Ammonia and Oil and Grease test was BOD 5 5 2 1
conducted to analyse the effects of urbanization COD 34 38 9 6
and economic growth surrounding area. TSS 14 10 16 11
AN 0.7 0.9 5 0.7
The TSS test complies with APHA 2540 D, 21st
Oil & 2 - 3 -
Edition, which is the standard for the analysis of
Grease
water. This test measures the total suspended
solid concentration in the water sample.
Table 3. Kotasas Lake In-Situ results
The BOD test will adhere to the APHA 5210B
21st Edition standard, which is an in-house Rainy Day Sunny Day
procedure known as the Standard procedure for Point Point B Point Point B
the Examination of Water. The biochemical A A
oxygen demand (BOD) determination is an Temp 29.0 29.0 30.8 30.7
empirical test in which standardized laboratory DO 3.22 7.27 5.71 7.97
procedures are used to determine the relative C 110.4 103.3 100.9 103.0
oxygen requirements of wastewaters, effluents, pH 6.3 4.88 2.09 3.85
and polluted waters. [1] Pressure 760.0 760.0 760.3 760.1
The COD test follows the APHA 5220 D 21st
Table 4. Taman Bandar Lake In-Situ results
Edition standard, which is an in-house method.
The test method is appropriate for the
Rainy Day Sunny Day
determination of chemical oxygen demand in all
Point Point B Point Point B
types of water sample.
A A
Based on APHA 4500 NH3-N, the in-house Temp 30.1 30.4 30.8 31.0
method, this test determines whether ammonia- DO 3.64 4.56 7.75 3.79
nitrogen is present in a lake water sample and C 112.7 108.8 86.2 101.3
establishes the trend of the water quality for the pH 4.23 3.96 3.95 3.39
ammonia-nitrogen parameter. Pressure 760.2 760.1 761.1 761.1
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Oil and grease can be seen at both lakes, this is

due to the urbanization and pollutant discharge
from economic activity near the lake itself.
The classification of both lakes is approximately
in Class III.

CONCLUSIONS
The water quality parameters obtained from
KOTASAS Lake and Taman Bandar Lake in
Kuantan, Pahang, were determined using the
National Water Quality Standard for Malaysia
(NWQS) and DOE-Water Quality Index (WQI).
Recommendations

• To obtain a more exact value for effluent

quality and accurately study, sample
analysis can be performed or conducted
more than two times.

• Prior to discharge, carefully manage the

water that has been released.

• More research and development (R&D)

are needed to create sustainable water
management technologies that will
enhance the quality of the water.

• Raise public awareness of the harmful

effects that water pollution has on the
environment and community.

REFERENCES
[1] (5-2 AGGREGATE ORGANIC
CONSTITUENTS (5000) 5210
BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (BOD)*
5210 A. Introduction 1. General Discussion,
n.d.)

[2] object Object. (2020). The impact of

economic development on water pollution:
trends and policy actions in
Malaysia. Core.ac.uk.
oai:generic.eprints.org:676/core10599

[3] (What Is Water Quality?, 2011)