HUBUNGAN STRATEGI RANTAIAN BEKALAN DENGAN

PRESTASI RANTAIAN BEKALAN DI DALAM INDUSTRI

AUTOMOTIF DI MALAYSIA

ABDUL AZIZ OTHMAN

\ ! I
DOKTOR FALSAFAH
UNIVERSITI UTARA MALAYSIA
November 2012
HUBUNGAN STRATEGI RANTAIAN BEKALAN DENGAN PKESTASI
KANTAIAN BEKALAN Dl DALAM INDUSTRI AUTOMOTIF DI
MALAYSIA

Oleh
ARIIUL AZlZ OTHMAN

Tesis Diserahkan kepada

Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business
Universiti Utara Malaysia,
Bagi Memenuhi Keperluan Ijazah Doktor Falsafah
 O T H M A N Y E O P A B D U L L A H G R A D U A T E S C H O O L O F BUSINESS
U n i v e r s i t i Utara M a l a y s i a

P E R A K U A N K E R J A T E S I S IDISERTASI
(Cerfification o f t h e s i s / disserfation)

Kami, yang bertandatangan, memperakukan bahawa

(We, the undersigned, certify that)

ABDUL AZlZ BIN OTHMAN

calon untuk ljazah DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY

(candidate for the degree of)

telah mengemukakan tesis Idisertasi yang bertajuk:

(has presented hisher thesis /dissertation of the following title):

HUBUNGAN STRATEGI RANTAIAN BEKALAN DENGAN PRESTASI RANTAIAN BEKALAN Dl DALAM INDUS'TRI
AUTOMOTIF Dl MALAYSIA

seperti yang tercatat di muka surat tajuk dan kulit tesis Idisertasi.
(as it appears on the title page and front cover of the thesis /dissertation).

Bahawa tesisldisertasi tersebut boleh diterima dari segi bentuk serta kandungan dan meliputi bidang ilmu dengan
memuaskan, sebagaimana yang ditunjukkan oleh calon dalam ujian lisan yang diadakan pada :
2 Oktober 2012.
That the said thesis/dissertation is acceptable in form and content and displays a satisfactory
of study as demonstrated by the candidate through an oral examination held on:
2 October 2012.

Pengerusi Viva
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Shahimi bin Mohtar
Tandatangan ,d '
(Chairman for Viva) (Signature) ,('
/ I

Pemeriksa Luar Tandatanga

a
Prof. Dr. Abu Bakar bin Sade
(External Examiner) (Signature)

Pemeriksa Luar : Assoc. Prof. Dr. Khairul Anuar bin Mohd Ali Tandatangan
(External Examiner) (Signature)

Tarikh: 2 October 2012

(Date)
s

Nama Pelajar : Abdul Aziz bin Othman

(Name of Student)

I
Tajuk TesislDissertation Hubungan Strategi Rantaian Bekalan dengan Prestasi Rantaian Bekalan
(Title of the Thesis/ Dissertation) : di dalam lndustri Automotif di Malaysia

Program Pengajian : Doctor of Philosophy

(Programme of Study)

Nama PenyelialPenyelia-penyelia : Prof. Dr. Rushami Zien bin Yusoff

(Name of SupervisorlSupervisors)
Tandatangan
(Signature)
 KEBENARAN MERUJUK

Tesis ini dikemukakan sebagai memenuhi keperluan pengurniaan Ijazah Doktor

Falsafah daripada Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM). Saya dengan ini bersetuju
membenarkan pihak perpustakaan {Jniversiti Utara Malaysia mempamerkannya
sebagai bahan rujukan umum. Saya juga bersetuju bahawa sebarang bentuk salinan
sama ada secara keseluruhan atau sebahagian daripada tesis ini untuk tujuan
akademik perlulah mendapat kebenaran daripada Penyelia Tesis atau Dekan
Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate of Business terlebih dahulu. Sebarang bentuk
salinan dan cetakan bagi tujuan komersial adalah dilarang sama sekali tanpa
kebenaran bertulis daripada penyelidik. Pernyataan rujukan kepada penyelidik dan
Universiti Utara Malaysia perlulah dinyatakan jika rujukan terhadap tesis ini
dilakukan.

Kcbenaran untuk menyalin aiau n~enggunakantesis ini salna ada secara sebahagian
atau sepenuhnya hendaklah dipohon melalui:

Dekan
Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business
IJniversi ti Utara Malaysia
0601 0 UllM Sintok
Kedah Darul Aman
Malaysia
 ABSTRAK

Pengurusan rantaian bekalan adalah salah satu pendekatan alternatif yang boleh
digunakan dalam industri automotif, untuk mencapai tahap persaingan kompetitif
yang lebih tinggi. Pelbagai cabaran dan permasalahan dapat ditangani secara
kornpetitif melalui pengurusan rantaian bekalan yang efisien dan efektif. Bagi
menjelaskan atau mengkaji isu keselarasan di dalam pengurusan rantaian bekalan,
satu kerangka kajian telah dibangunkan melalui kajian ini. Kerangka kaJian ini
menghuraikan hubung kait antara strategi rantaian bekalan dengan prestasi rantaian
bekalan melalui peranan mediasi amalan rantaian bekalan. Selain itu, kerangka ini
juga menghuraikan peranan moderasi amalan pengurusan kualiti terhadap
peningkatan prestasi rantaian bekalan. Untuk mengu-ji kerangka kajian tersebut,
pendekatan kuantitatif yang menggunakan kaedah soalselidik telah digunakan.
Sebanyak 275 borang soalselidik telah diedarkan kepada organisasi pembckal dalam
industri automotif di Malaysia. Daripada jumlah itu, hanya 65 borang soalselidik
dipulangkan dan dapat digunakan untuk fasa penganalisaan data. Data tersebut
dianalisa rnenggunakan pendekatan statistik diskriptif dan statistik inferensi. Dapatan
kajian menunjukkan bahawa strategi rantaian bekalan adalah peramal yang lemah
kepada prestasi rantaian bekalan tetapi merupakan peramal yang kuat kepada amalan
rantaian bekalan. Ini menunjukkan perlunya amalan rantaian bekalan dalam
menjadikan strategi rantaian bekalan yang dibangunkan dapat menjumbang kepada
peningkatan prestasi. Ujian pengaruh mediasi yang telah dijalankan membuktikan
bahawa amalan rantaian bekalan bertindak sebagai mediasi selnpurna terhadap
hubungan stratcgi dengan prestasi rantaian bekalan. Selain itu, dapatan kajian ini juga
rnembuktikan amalan pengurusan kualiti bertindak sebagai pembolehubah moderasi
terhadap hubungan strategi dengan prestasi rantaian bekalan. Lebih penting, kajian ini
rnendapati bahawa amalan pengurusan kualiti yang diarnalkan pada tahap tinggi bolch
bertindak sebagai strategi yang dapat meningkatkan prestasi rantaian bekalan. I3asil
kajian ini diharapkan dapat menyumbang ke arah percambahan ilmu pengetahuan
berkaitan bidang pengurusan rantaian bekalan, bukan sahaja untuk penggunaan dalam
dunia akademik, tetapi juga membantu penlain industri dalain pelaksanaan
pcngurusan rantaian bekalan yang lebih efisien dan efektif.

Katakunci: Strategi Rantaian Rekalan, Amalan Rantaian Rekalan. Amalan

Pengurusan Kualiti, Prestasi Rantaian Bekalan, Industri Automotif
 ABSTRACT

Suppl? chain management is an altemati~reapproach used i l l the automoti\e

industrj to acliiecc higher le\cls of competiti\encss. Many challenges ancl
problenis can be resol \ ed competitive1j through efficient and ef'kcti\ e supplj
chain. 111 examining the issues of consistency i l l supplj chain management. a
conceptual iramc\\ork has been deleloped. This fiame\vork elaborates the
rclationship between supply chain strategy and supply chain perfomiaiicc tlirough
thc mediation role of supplj. chain practices. In addition. this fi-anie\\ork also
describes the moderating role of quality management practices in enhancing supply
chain performance. For the purpose of testing the research framcc\ork. a
quantitative approach using s ~ n - ~method q \\ac eniploycd. A total of 275
cluestionnaire sets \\ere distributed to automoti\e component suppliers located in
hqalajsia. Out of that number. 65 questionnaire sets \\ere returned aiid usable for
the data analysis. 'l'lie collected data \\ere analysed using descripti\ c statistics and
inferential statistics approaches. fhc results slio\\cd that supplj cliain strategy is a
poor predictor of s u p p l ~chain perli)rniance but it can be a strong PI-edictorof'
supplj chain psacticc5. This illustrates the need of practices in ensuring the
dc~relopedstrateg!, can contribute touard inipro~ed supplj chain perfor~nance.'1-he
conducted test of mediatioli cffcct slio\\ed that tlic supply chain practice acts as a
f i l l 1 mediator to\\l.ards relationship betneen supply chain strategy and pt.rfi)rniance.
I his study has also pro! cn that qualit) management practices can plajr the role as a
moderating ~ a r i a b l e in the relationship betneen supply cliain strategy and
perfol-mance. hlore impni-tantlj, this study rcbcalcd that if quality management
practices had hcen applied at a high le\.cl. it could act as a st]-ategl to enhance
supply chain performance. It is hoped that the lindings can contribute t o ~ a r dthe
enrichment of kno~vledgein the supply chain management area and also help the
industr~.players in managing supply chain more cfficicntlj~and cffcctii e l l .

Keywords: Supply Chain Strategy, Supply Chain Practices, Quality Management

Practices, Supply Chain Performance, Automotive Industry
 PENGHARGAAN

Dengan Nama Allah Yang Maha Pemurah Lagi Maha Mengasihani

Assalamualaikun~1% Salam Sejahtera

Pertamanya dipanjatkan kesyukuran kepada Allah SWT dengan limpah dan izin
kurnialVya dapat saya menyiapkan tesis ini. Sesungguhnya Allah Maha
Pengampun dan Maha Mendengar.

Ucapan terima kasih yang tidak terhingga ditujukan kepada Prof Dr Rushami Zien
Yusoff yang tanpa jemu membimbing dan menyumbangkan ilmu dalam
lnelengkapkan pengajian saya. Ucapan lerima kasih ini juga ditujukan kepada
pihak penilai dalaman dan luaran atas kesanggupan meluangkan masa untuk
inenyemak tesis ini dan mcmberikan sumbangan buah fikiran bagi
penan~bahbaikantesis ini. Penghargaan ini turut ditujukan kepada senlua sahabat-
sahabat di atas pengorbanan dan pertolongan yang diberikan sepanjang liku-liku
perjuangan pengajian saya. Tidak lupa juga ucapan terima kasih kepada pihak
Kerajaan Malaysia, Universiti Utara Malaysia, senlua yang lerlibat secara langsung
atau tidak langsung dalam pembikinan tesis ini.

Akhir sekali, ucapan terima kasih tidak terhingga kepada seluruh ahli keluarga
saya yang dikasihi terutamanya ibubapa saya Hanisah Hanafi dan Othman Ahmad,
isteri dan anak-anak saya yang tercinta Rohana Husin, Muhammad Aliff Aiman.
Nur Irdina lman dan Muhammad Haniff' Hussainy. Hanya Allah jua yang dapal
membalas pengorbanan, sokongan dan irigan doa yang diberikan.

Sekali lagi, saya mengucapkan ucapan terima kasih kepada selnua yang terlibat
secara langsung dan tidak langsung dalam menyiapkan tesis ini dan hanya Allah
jua yang dapat membalas jasa baik kalian semua.

"Ya Allah, Jadiklnlah uku insun yung berguna kepada uguma, bangsa dun
negura "
 IS1 KANDUNGAN

Muka Surat
TAJUK MUKA SURAT I
YERAKUAN KERJA TESIS
..
11
KEBENARAN MERU-JUK iv
ABSTRAK v
ABSTRACT vi
PENGHARGAAN vii
...
IS1 KANDIJNGAN Vlll
...
SENARAl DAFTAR JADUAL Xlll
SENARAl DAFTAR RAJAH xv
SENARAl SINGKATAIV TATANAMA xvi

BAR SATU - PENGENALAN KAJlAN

1.0 PENGENALAN
1.1 LA'T'ARBELAKANG KAJIAN
1.2 PENYATAAN MASALAW
1.3 PERSOALAN KAJIAN
1.4 OBJEKTIF KASIAN
1.5 KEPENTINGAN KAJIAN
1.6 SKOP DAN LIMITASI KAJTAN
1.7 DEFINISI OPERA I'IONAL
1.8 SUSIJNATIIR TESIS

BAB D1JA - KAJIAN LITERATUR

2.0 PENGENALAN
2.1 PENGURUSAN RAN'I'AIAN BEKALAN
2.1 .1 Definisi Pengurusan Rantaian Bekalan
2.1.2 Matlamat dan Kepentingan Pengurusan Rantaian Bekalan
2.1.3 Keperluan Rantaian Bekalan di dalam lndustri Automotif
2.2 PRESTASI KANTAIAN BEKALAN
2.2.1 Lead-Time
2.2.2 Kos
2.2.3 Inovasi
2.2.4 Masa ke Pasaran.
2.2.5 Fleksibiliti
2.3 STRATEGI RANTAIAN BEKALAN
2.3.1 Rantaian Bekalan Lean
2.3.2 Rantaian Bekalan Agile
2.3.3 Rantaian Bekalan Hybrid
2.3.4 Perbezaan Antara Jenis Strategi Rantaian Bekalan
2.3.5 Kajian-kajian Lepas
2.4 AMALAN RANTAIAN BEKALAN
2.4.1 Perkongsian Maklumat
2.4.2 Kualiti Maklumat
2.4.3 Perkongsian Strategik Pembekal
 Muka Surat
2.4.4 Hubungan Pelanggan 68
2.4.5 Kajian-kajian Lepas 69
2.5 AMALAN PENGUKUSAN KUAL,ITl 71
2.5.1 Definisi Kualiti 71
2.5.2 Pembangunan Konsep Pengurusan Kualiti 74
2.5.3 Pengukuran Amalan Pengurusan Kualiti 77
2.5.4 Dimensi Pengukuran Amalan Pengurusan Kualiti 81
2.5.4.1 Sokongan Pengurusan Atasan 81
2.5.4.2 Penambahbaikan Berterusan 83
2.5.4.3 Penandaarasan 84
2.5.4.4 Penglibatan Pekerja 86
2.5.4.5 Ganjaran dan Pengiktirafan 88
2.5.4.6 Pendidikan dan Latihan 89
2.5.4.7 FokusPelanggan 91
2.5.5 Kajian-kajian Lepas 93
2.6 kIUBUNGAN ANTARA PEMBOLEHUBAH-PEMBOLEHUBAH
KAJ I AN 96
2.7 I'EORI ASAS KERAlVGKA KAJIAN 98
2.7.1 T'coriSistem 99
2.7.2 'I'eori Kontingensi 101
2.8 JURANG ILMU KAJIAN 1 04
2.9 RUMUSAN BAB 105

BAB TIGA - REKARENTUK DAN METODOLOGI KAJIAN

3.0 PENGENALAN
3.1 PENGENALAN KAJIAN
3.2 JENIS KAJlAN
3.3 REKABENTUK KAJIAN
3.4 I IIPOTESIS KAJIAN
3.5 KERANGKA KAJIAN.
3.6 INSTRUMEN KAJIAN
3.6.1 Pembolehubah Bersandar
3.6.1.1 Prestasi Rantaian Bekalan
3.6.2 Pembolehubah Tidak Bersandar
3.6.2.1 Rantaian Bekalan Lean
3.6.2.2 Rantaian Bekalan Agile
3.6.2.3 Rantaian Bekalan Hyhl-id
3.6.3 Pembolehubah Mediasi
3.6.3.1 Amalan Rantaian Bekalan
3.6.4 Pembolehubah Moderasi
3.6.4.1 Amalan Pengurusan Kualiti
3.7 SKALA PENGUKURAN
3.8 UJIAN VALIDITl DAN RELIABILITI INSTRUMEN
3.8.1 Ujian Validiti
3.8.2 Ujian Reliabiliti
3.9 POPLT1,ASI KAJIAN
3.1 0 KAEDAH PERSAMPELAN
 Muka Surat
3.10.1 Saiz Sampel 136
3.1 1 STRATEGI DAN KAEDAI-4 KUTlPAN DATA 136
3.1 2 ANALISIS DATA 137
3.13 UJIAN PILOT FASA 1: Q-SORT VA1,TDITT 143
3.13.1 Q-Sort: I'enibangunan Skala 144
1.13.3 Q-Sort: Proscdur I'eriyusunan dan Kcbolehpercayaan ilntara 145
l'en~beri Tiatinp (h7icr Rr~icr.)
3.13.3 Dapatan Analisis Q-Sort
3.1 3.3.1 Dapatan Penyusunan Pusingan Pertalna
3.13 2 . 2 Dapatan Penyusunan Pusingan Kedua
3.13.3.3 Dapatan Penyusunan Pusingan Ketiga
3.14 RUMIJSAN HAB

RAB EMPAT - ANALISIS DAN DAPATAN KAJIAN 154-219

4.0 PJ*,h'GI3NAI.AN 154
4.1 1.A lAKI3L:I .AK/ING PI.,NGI i MI'UI A% IlA'['iZ 154
4.1.1 Kadar h4aklu1nbalas 154
4.2 IiESI'ONUENK/\.IIAN 156
4.2.1 Proi'ail Kcsponclen 156
4.2.2 I'rofail Orga~lisasi 158
4.2.3 t l.jian Rc.y~orz.,cjBio, 160
4.3 S A R I N C ~ AAN I IAN [)A 1-,I
~ ~ I'F;MI~I-~I~SJ 161
-1.3.1 Validiti 163
4.;. 1 . 1 I'cnlbolehubah Stratcgi liantaian Bekalan 166
4.3.1.1.1 Analisis Faktnr Rantaian Rckalan L c t r ~ ~ 166
4.3.1.1.3 Analisis 1:ahtor Rantaian I3ekalan .-lgilt. 167
4.3. I . 1.3 Analicis Faktor liantaian Hchalan IIj.h~id 168
4 . . 1.2 I'embolcliubah Amalan Rantaian Bekalan 170
4.3.1.2.1 Analisis FaLtor Kakan I'embekal Strategik 170
4.3.1 2 . 2 Analisis Faktor Pcrhubungan Pclanzgan 171
4.3.1.2.3 j2nalisis 1;aktor '17ahap I'crkongsian
Maklumat 173
4.3.1.2.4 Analisis Faktor Kualiti hilaklumat 1 74
4.3.1.3 Penibolehubah Amalan Pengurusan Kualiti 175
4.3.1.3.1 Analisis Faktor Kolnit~nenPcngurusan
'fertinggi 175
4.3.1.3.2. ilnalisis Fahtor Fokus Pelanggan 176
4.3.1.3.3 Analisis Faktor Penglibatan Pekerja 178
4.3.1.3.4 Analisis Faktor Pcndidikan dan I_atihan 179
4.3.1 2 . 5 Analisis Faktor Penambahbailian
De~lerusan 180
4.3.1 2 . 6 Analisis Fahtor Ganjaran clan Pengiktirafi~n 182
4.3.1.3.7 Analisis Faktor Pcnandaarasan 183
4.3.1.4 Pe~nbolehubahPrestasi Rantaia~iHekalan 184
4.3.1.4.1 Analisis Faktor 1,ead Tir77tp 184
4.3.1.4.2 Analisis Faktor Kos Efehtif 185
4.3. I .4.3 Analisis Faktor lnovasi 186
 Muka Surat
4.3.1.4.4 Analisis Faktor Masa ke Pasaran 187
4.3.1.4.5 rlnalisis Faktor 1;lcksibiliti 188
4.3.2 I1jian KebolcIiperca\aan (Rc~~lihilit).Ii~sl) 189
4.4 I'EKr\hlB~lI IBAlK.;r\K KERANGKA K.ZJ IAN Sk,I,EPAS AN:\LISIS
I-AK I OK 191
4.5 ANA1,ISIS 1)ISKKII' 1'11: '1 EKI IA[)iZP PI<MI301.I111l!B/ZIi 192
4.6 P1:KSYARATAN 1JS1AN 194
4.6.1 Ujian Nonnaliti 194
4.6.7 Ll.jian l,i~icariti 195
4.6.3 Oullier Multivuriute 1 96
4.6.4 I!iian hlultil\olineariti 196
4.7 PEh'GUJlhN IHJPOTESIS 197
4.7.1 11jian Kolerasi Pe(~r.\.orz 199
4.7.2 l [jian Analisis Kcgresi Rcrganda (/Ll~il/iplc
Kcgre.o.oioi) 20 1
4.7.2.1 IIubungan Strategi Rantaian Bekalan dengan Prestasi
Rantaian Bekalan 201
4.7.2.2 Hubungan Strategi Rantaian Bekalan dengan Anialan
Kantaian Behalan 203
4.7.3 lJjian Kesan Mediasi Amalan Rantaian Bekalan Terhadap
Hubungan Stratcgi Rantaian Bekalan Dan Prestasi Rantaian
Bekalan 206
4.7.4 Kcsan Moderasi Anialan Pengurusan Kualiti Terhadap I3ubungan
Antara Strategi Rantaian Bekalan Dengan Prestasi Kantaian
Rekal an 213
4.8 RlJMUSANBAB 218

BAB LIMA - YERBINCANGAN DAN KESlMPULAN

5.0 PENGENAIAN
1 KINGKASAN KAJIAN
5.2 PERBINCANGAN DAPATAN KAJIAN
5.2.1 Pengukuran Tahap Prestasi Rantaian Bekalan
5.2.2 I-lubungan Strategi Rantaian Bekalan Leun. Agile dan Hybrid
terhadap Prestasi Rantaian Bekalan
5.2.3 Pengukuran Tahap Pengaruh Strategi Rantaian Bekalan Lecrn,
Agile dan Hybrid terhadap Prestasi Rantaian Bekalan
5.2.4 I iubungan Strategi Rantaian Bekalan Leun, Agile dan IIybrid
terhadap Amalan Rantaian Bekalan
5.2.5 Pengukuran Tahap Pengaruh Strategi Rantaian Bekalan Leun,
Agile dan Hybrid terhadap Amalan Rantaian Bekalan
5.2.6 Pengukuran Kesan Mediasi Amalan Rantaian Bekalan terhadap
Hubungan Strategi Rantaian Bekalan dengan Prestasi Rantaian
Bekalan
5.2.7 Pengukuran Kesan Moderasi Amalan Pengurusan Kualiti
terhadap Hubungan Strategi Rantaian Bekalan dengan Prestasi
Rantaian Bekalan
5.3 SUMBANGAN KAJIAN
5.3.1 Sumbangan Teoritikal
5.3.2 Sumbangan Praktikal
 Muka Surat
5.4 BATASAIU KAJIAN 24 9
5.5 CADANCAN KAJIAN DI MASA I-{ADAPAN 25 1
5.6 RUMUSAN KAJJAN 252

KUJUKAN
 SENARAI DAFTAR JADUAL,

,Jadual Muka Surat

Jadual 2.1 Ilefinisi Pengurusan Rantaian Rekalan 28
Jadual 2.2 Antara Kelebihan Pengurusan Rantaian Rekalan berdasarhan
Kajian 1,iteratur 31
Jadual 2.3 .Tenis Strategi Rantaian Bekalan Berdasarkan Kajian Literatur 41
Jadua12.4 Deiinisi Strategi Rantaian Bekalan 44
Jadual 2.5 Perbezaan antara Rantaian Bekalan Lenn, Agile dan flybrid 53
Jadual 2.6 Senarai Dimensi Amalan Rantaian Bekalan berdasarkan Kajian
Literatur 58
Jadual 2.7 Dimensi Pengukuran Amalan Pengurusan Kualiti berdasarkan
Literatur 80
Jadual 2.8 Ilubungan Antara Pembolehubah-Pembolehubah Utama Kajian 97
Sadual 2.9 Jurang llmu Yang Diisi Oleh Kajian Ini 104
.ladual 7.1 Flubungan Hipotesis-Ilipotesis dengan Persoalan dan Objektif
Kaj ian 114
Jadual 3.2 Ringkasan Instrumen mengikut Seksyen 117
Sadual 3.3 Dimensi dan Item-item bagi Prestasi Kantaian Bckalan 119
Jadual 3.4 Dimensi dan Item bagi Strategi Rantaian Rekalan 123
.ladual 3.5 Dimensi dan Item bagi Pembolehubah Amalan Rantaian
Uekalan 126
Jadual 3.6 Dimensi dan ltem bagi Pembolehubah Amalan Pengurusan
Kualiti 129
Sadual 3.7 Ringkasan Analisis Statistik berdasarkan 0b.jektif dan Hipotesis
Kajian 142
Jadual 3.8 Item )'ang ciiuii di dalam iZnalisis (>-Sort 144
Jadual 3.9 Jntepretasi Pekali Kappa 147
Jadual 3.10 Jnter-Judge Raw Agreement (Pusingan Pertama) 147
Jadual 3.1 1 Iten? Placen?ent Rutio (Pusingan Pertama) 148
.Iadual 3.12 Jnter-Judge Raw Agreement (Pusingan Kedua) 149
Jadual 3.13 Itenz Placement Ratio (Pusingan Kedua) 150
Jadual 3.14 Inter-Judge Raw Agreement (Pusingan Ketiga) 15 1
Jadual 3.1 5 Item Plucenzent Rntio (Pusingan Ketiga) 151
Jadual 3.16 Ringkasan Keseluruhan Pusingan Q-Sort 152
Jadual 4.1 Ciri-Ciri Responden 157
Jadual 4.2 Ciri-Ciri Organisasi 159
Sadual 4.3 U.jian non-response bias untuk Pembolehubah lltama 161
Jadual 4.4 IJjian Skewness dan Kurtosis 163
Jadual 4.5 Analisis Faktor untuk Rantaian Bekalan Lean 166
Jadual 4.6 Analisis Faktor untuk Rantaian Bekalan Agile 167
Sadual 4.7 Analisis Faktor untuk Rantaian Bekalan Hvhrid 169
Jadual 4.8 Analisis Faktor untuk Rakan Pembekal Strategik 170
Jadual 4.9 Analisis Faktor untuk Perhubungan Pelanggan 1 72

...
Xlll
Jadual Muka Surat
Jadual 4. I 0 Analisis Faktor untuk Tahap Perkongsian Maklunlat 173
Jadual 4.1 1 Analisis Faktor untuk Kualiti Maklumat 1 74
Jadual 4.12 Analisis Faktor untuk Komitmen Pengurusan Tertinggi 176
Jadual 4.13 Analisis Faktor untuk Fokus Pelanggan 177
Jadual 4.14 Analisis Faktor untuk Penglibatan J'ekerja 178
Jadual 4.15 Analisis Faktor untuk Pendidikan dan Latihan 180
Jadual 4.16 Analisis Faktor untuk Penam bahbaikan Rerterusan 181
Jadua14.17 Analisis Faktor untuk Ganjaran dan Pengiktirafan 182
Jadual 4.18 Analisis Faktor untuk Penandaarasan 183
Jadual 4.19 Analisis Faktor untuk Leud Time 184
Jadual 4.20 Analisis Faktor untuk Kos Efektif 185
Jadual 4.21 Analisis Faktor untuk Inovasi 186
Jadual 4.22 Analisis Faktor untuk Masa ke Pasaran 187
Jadual 4.23 Analisis Faktor untuk Fleksibiliti 189
Jadual 4.24 1Jjian Kebolehpercayaan (Reliuhilily Tesf) 1 90
Jadua14.25 Analisis Diskriptif untuk Pembolehubah Utama 193
Jadual 4.26 Statistik Residual 196
Jadual 4.27 Ujian Kolerasi Peurson 200
Sadual 4.28 lJjian Mulliple Reg~*e.ssion(Hubungan Langsung Strategi
Kantaian Bekalan dengan Prestasi Rantaian Bekalan) 202
lJjian Mulliple Kcgression (Hubungan 1,angsung Strategi
Rantaian Bekalan dengan Alnalan Rantaian Bekalan) 204
Jadual 4.30 Hasil LJjian ke atas Jiipotesis 1. 2. 3 dan 4 206
Jadual 4.3 1 I lasil lJjian Analisis Rcgresi Berhirarki (Hubungan SRB
dengan ARB) 209
Jadual 4.32 IHasil Ujian Analisis Regresi Berhirarki (Hubungan SRB
dengan PRB) 210
Jadual 4.33 tlasil Ujian Analisis Regresi Rerhirarki (Ilubungan SRB
dcngail PRR dimediasi oleh ARB) 21 1
Jadual 4.34 Ringkasan Sebelunl dan Selepas Mcdiasi 212
Jadual4.35 Hasil Ujian ke atas Hipotesis 5 21 3
Jadual 4.36 Ujian Moderasi Amalan Pengurusan Kualiti 7'erhadap
Hubungan Strategi Rantaian Bekalan dcngan Prestasi Rantaian
Bekalail 214
Jadua14.37 Hasil Ujian ke atas Hipotesis 6 216
Jadual 4.38 Ringkasan Keputusan UJian Hipotesis-Hipotesis Ka.jian 218
Jadual 5.1 Perhubungan Antara Hipotesis Kajian Dengan Persoalan Dan
Objektif Kajian 225

xiv
 SENARAl DAFTAR RAJAH

Rajah Muka Surat

Rajah 2.1 'I~axonoiniuntuk h,lemilih Strategi Rantaian Hckalan. 55
Rajah 3.1 Asas Kerangka K ajian 112
R?jah 3.2 Keseluruhan Kerangka Kajian 116
Rajah 3.3 Skala Pengukuran daiam Borang Soalselidik Kajian 132
Rajah 4.1 Penarnbahbaikan Kerangka Kajian 192
Rajah 4.2 Graf Plol Residuul antara Strategi Rantaian Bekalan dengan
Prestasi Rantaian Behalan 195
Rajah 4.3 Gralik Ujian Mul~ipleIIiararki Regresi (Kesan Mediasi) 208
Rajah 4.4 Ringkasan Grafik ITasil lJjian A4ulliple I-Iiararki Regresi 213
Rajah 4.5 Grai' Kesan Moderasi 21 7
Rajah 5.1 Model Keefektifan Pengurusan Rantaian Bekalan 247
 SENARAI SINGKATAN TATANAMA

AIVOVA: ./lnrrly.sis of Vuriunce

APK: AnlaIan Pengurusan Kualiti

ARB: Amalan Rantaian Bekalan

CSCMP: Counc.il of Supply ('hain Munagement 1'rofi.rsionul

EFA : Esploru/ory Fcrctor Ana1ysi.v

KDNK: Keluaran Dalam Kasar Negara

KMO: Kaiser- Meyer- Olkin 'sMeasure of',Sumnj~Iingiltkeqzlacy

MIA: Muluysia Automolive Instilute

NAP: Nu/ior?alAulon~otivePolicy

OEM : Original Equil71nent Manz4jirc/urer

PRR: Prestasi Rantaian Hekalan

Sl'SS: S/u/is/icalPtrckuge,fi,r S(>.sialScience

SKU: Stratcgi Rantaian Bckalan

VIF: I;~rr-iance
Ivflution Factor
 BAB l

PENGENALAN KA,JIAN

1.0 PENCENALAN

Bab ini mcmbincangkan pengenalan kepada kajian ini dan mengandungi lapan

seksycn. Seksyen pertama ialah latarbelakang kajian diikuti oleh pcrbincangan

tentang penyataan masalah pada seksyen kedua. Seterusnya, seksyen ketiga

niembincangkan tentang persoalan kajian yang telah dibangunkan. Jni diikuti

dengan pcrbincangan objektif kajian yang perlu dicapai. Kepentingan kajian

diterangkan pada seksyen kelinla dan skop dan lin~itasi kajian pada seksyen

keenam. Seterusnya diterangkan definisi operational bagi terma-terma penting

yang terlibat di dalam kajian ini dan diakhiri oleh penerangan tentang susunatur

tesis.

1 .I LATARBELAKANG KAJIAN

Industri automotif merupakan industri penting kepada ekonomi Malaysia. Jndustri

ini memberikan sumbangan yang besar kepada ekonomi negara, serta berkait rapat

dengan industri pembuatan dan perkhidmatan. Industri automotif bermula dengan

pengimportan kenderaan yang kemudiannya berkembang kepada operasi

penlasangan serta pembangunan industri komponen automotif. Sumbangan industri

automotif kepada iiilai Keluaran Dalam Kasar Negara (KDNK) Malaysia akan
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the thesis is for
internal user
only
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