CHARTS

SYMBOLS –
- VOR Station, There will be 3-letter code use always.

- NDB Station, 2-Letter code with few Exception of 3-letter code.

- Compulsory Reporting (Way) Points.

- Non Compulsory Reporting(way) Points, found in SID (Standard Instruments Departure) charts.

 ATS ROUTE - Solid Black color lines.

 FIR (Flight information region) – Any green color draw lines on charts will represent FIR boundary.
 Red digit numeric written between 2 way point indicate distance between them in NM (nautical mile).
 Control Zone – Controlled airspace starting from ground level up to specified height
 NOTE - In order to identify the appropriate ATC to contact with, we need to check horizontal limit as well as
vertical limits.
 CRR – control Area
 CTZ – Control Zone
 TMA – Terminal Moment Area
 CTA – Control Area
 ATZ – Aerodrome traffic zone – Defined area to protect aerodrome traffic. Range is 5 NM & 3000 AGL (Above
ground level).Restricted to vicinity of aerodrome. E.g. – shimla = 6900/ATZ
HOW TO IDENTIFY AIRPORTS ON CHARTS

Controlled Airport Uncontrolled

Airports

ATC Service Available No ATC service

Available (FIS)

NAV AID (Should include) ATC TWR (Aerodrome controller)

Maneuvering Area = Taxiway + Runway Movement Area = Apron + Taxiway + Runway

ATS (Air Traffic Services)

Alternating Services Flight Information Service (FIS) Advisory Services Air Traffic Services
(ATC)

For search & Rescue Uncontrolled ATC will say VT-ABC SMC (Surface Moment
Control)

You are Advised to () TWR (Tower)

FL100. APP (Approach)
ACC (Control)

900 Radial 270 0 Radial

------------------------200NM-------------------|-----------200NM------------------------------------------

DPN (Delhi) BBB (Mumbai)

 DPN to BBB 400NM, so we fly 200 NM in range of Delhi and other 200NM fly in range of BBB at radial 90 0 &
2700 respectively.
 Base of ATC route is always radial but route cannot be designated on the basis of radials since distance can be
as long as 3000-4000 NM even more.
 Radial will must be use where ATS solid lines not available.
 Air traffic – Aircraft on maneuvering area & in the Air.
 RNAV (Area Navigation) = GPS + VOR, it gives shortest distance from departure to destination.
 GOAL should be always to use minimum time & minimum Fuel.
 NAV AIDS – VOR is considered as ground NAV AIDS.
 We don’t use NDB compared to VOR as NDB is PRONE to errors and also suffers from Night effect so range
reduces to70 NM at night.

DESIGNATION OF ATS ROUTES

1) Domestic – Within country (RNAV, NON-RNAV).
2) International – Any ATS routes crossing international border of our country (RNAV, NON-
RNAV), can also be used for domestic fly.
. Any routes starting with – A, B, G, R – International NON-RNAV Routes
L, M, N, P – International RNAV Routes
Q, T, Y, Z – Domestic RNAV Routes
H, J, V, W – Domestic NON-RNAV Routes

. Routes Name will be like A474, Alphabet use as Prefix (before numeric digit).
. 16 combination of ATS route possible.
. Total routes vary from 1 to 999.
. If ATS route Name like W20S – S represent south direction, so we can only fly in SOUTHERLY direction
. If ATS route Name like W20N - N represent North Direction, so we can only fly in NOTRTHERLY direction.
. If ATS route Name like W20 and No suffix (S or N) is written then, we can fly in both southerly as well
Northerly direction.
 One way is easier since it avoid chances of collision while climbing or descend since we can encounter traffic.
 In less congested routes 2-ways are possible then ROC (Rate of climb) & ROD (Rate of descend).

ATS ROUTES CORRIDOR

 ATS route is always in form of corridor to fly aircraft left & right of ATS routes when needed.

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5NM CORRIDOR 10 NM

ATS ROUTE --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ATS ROUTE
5NM MEAN POSITION ATS ROUTE
10 NM
VOR Station CORRIDOR VOR Station
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-

ATC: 1) SMC-

. Control from Apron (or Standing Point) till HOLD SHORT POINT of active Runway you will give call/contact
to Ground
 . Takes care of traffic on movement area.
. Standard Freq. is 121.9 MHZ.

RWY 09 ---- ----- ---- ----- ----- ----- ------ ------ ----- ----- ------ -----RWY27

SMC control only -- -- -- -- -- --

+ before hold short -- -- -- -- -- -- HOLD SHORT POINT – 2 Dotted yellow
lines can’t crossed
+ point. Without
permission.
+ . 2 solid lines never cross this line, call
ATC & inform you
+ APRON are at HOLDING RWY …. & take
permission.
+
+ TWY
+

2) TOWER – first dotted circle over NAV Aid, blue in color will Represent, jurisdiction of TWR.
. Take Off & Landing permission (Departure or Land).
. Active RWY can be used 1 at time or something.
. Standard Freq.- 118.1 MHZ.
. Clear of RWY means tail & nose is cleared of Hold Short dotted line.
. ROT (Runway Occupancy Time) is Limited so to utilize MAX. Number of Take off (T/O) & landing.
. If there is less traffic on Aerodrome, TWR, should be capable of handling traffic on Apron, TWY & RWY.
. In R/T call sign say TWR or Aerodrome Controller.
. TWR Flight Level or Range limits decided by AAI (Airport Authority of India).
. TWR range is controlled Airspace (ATC in Control) starting from HOLD SHORT POINT surface of earth to
Specified FL.

RWY 10 ---- ----- ---- ----- ----- ----- ------ ------ ----- ----- ------ -----RWY28

After ground control -- -- -- -- -- --

+ TWR Jurisdiction starts here -- -- -- -- -- -- HOLD SHORT POINT – 2 Dotted yellow
lines can’t crossed
+ up to specified height Without
permission.
+ contact TWR. . 2 solid lines never cross this line,
call ATC & inform
+ APRON you are at HOLDING RWY …. & take
permission.
+
+ TWY Horizontal range
in NM
+
Vertical range
in FOOT
3) APPROACH (APP) -
. Second dotted thin line over NAV AID (VOR,NDB) blue in color in any shape is Approach range.
. APP is always considered intermediate between TWR & ACC (control).
 . Vertical limit of Approach – Ending of TWR to Starting of Control.

APP

TWR

SMC

4) ACC (Area control centre) –

. RT call sign “control”.
. IDENTIFICATION – Solid thick lines adjacent to the Airport having ACC freq. are the control boundary.
. Area is TMA (Terminal control area) on Charts is ACC.
. Vertical limit is Start from end of APP to FL460.
ACC
Upper limit APP = Starting of ACC
Lower limit APP End of TWR
APP
CTR
CTA Controlled
TMA TWR

SMC

UNCONTROLLED AREA :
. Rules to be followed while flying through uncontrolled area.
. Comes under FIS (Flight information service).
. The FIS is provided by responsive FIR.
. FIS is nominated as “info” or RT call sign “info” like Delhi info, Mumbai info, Kolkata info, Chennai info.
. These areas are outside of CTR, CTA & TMA.
. FIS is available on designated freq. 126.6 MHZ in Delhi FIR.
NOTES - Now of designated FIS freq. is not given in NOTE-2, consider Alpha control north of Delhi/outside
CTR,CTA,TMA.
. if examiner wants us to use FIS freq. it will be mention in question Note-2.
E.g.-
NOTE-2 : FIS is available on designated freq. 126.6 MHZ, if not mentioned use defense controls.
. FIS / DEFENC ATC:
. Alpha control
. Charlie control for uncontrolled area gives priority to FIS if not under defense control
. Lima control
. Mike control
E.g.- North of Delhi , Alpha control is available outside CTR, CTA, TMA.

Uncontrolled Area Priority order :

1) FIS/Defense ATC.
 2) Look overhead – In the chart (not outside), inform ATC available overhead & control will look after
you.
. Only difference is in TMA, ATC is liable to look after you, while in uncontrolled area they are not liable
to help you.Will only help if you ask for help.
3) If ATC not available, contact next en-route ATC.
. UTA – upper control area – “control” RT call sign applicable in Chennai FIR only between FL255-460.

Example : 1) over SP FL300 (FIS available on designated freq. 127.8.

Ans.- Contact Delhi info.

2) SP FL300 (Alpha control available North of delhi)

Ans.- Contact Alpha control.
3) 10 NM from BUKLO at FL300, Delhi FIR available on freq. 127.8 MHZ. who will you concact?
Ans- Delhi FIR.
4) Alpha control available outside ATZ & CTA north of Delhi you are at Chandigarh airport, who will you
contact?
Ans- Contact Chandigarh TWR since it is control area & not Alpha control.
5) Over BIDAR at FL100
Ans- Uncontrolled, Hyderabad control.
6) OPAKA FL150
Ans- Aurangabad control.
7) Over hydra bad at FL90
Ans- Hyderabad TWR
8) SG FL100
Ans- Uncontrolled, Mumbai control
9) Over Hyderabad at FL200
Ans- Hyderabad control
10) SABNU FL300
Ans- Chennai UTA, Chennai control
11) LEGOS FL60
Ans- Bhuneswar control
12) Jamsedpur FL80
Ans- Kolkata APP
13) OTABA FL300
Ans- Kolkata control
14) IBUDA FL250
Ans- Nagpur TMA control
15) IGONA FL300
Ans- Varanasi control.