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COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN

NOLI ME TANGERE AND EL
FILIBUSTERISMO
NOLI ME TANGERE
CHARACTERS
1. CRISOSTOMO IBARRA. The protagonist of the book is Juan Crisostomo Ibarra y
Magsalin, sometimes known as Ibarra or Crisostomo in the text. He spent seven years
studying in Europe as the mestizo (mixed-race) son of Filipino entrepreneur Don Rafael
Ibarra. Ibarra is also engaged to Maria Clara.
2. MARIA CLARA. Ibarra's fiancée and the most stunning and well-known lady in San
Diego is Maria Clara de los Santos y Alba, sometimes known as Maria Clara, Maria, or
Clarita. Tiago de los Santos, the Kapitan, and Isabel, his cousin, reared her. She was
eventually proven to be the illegitimate child of Kapitan Tiago's wife Doa Pia Alba, who
had passed away giving birth to Maria Clara, and Father Damaso, the town's previous
curate. After learning the truth about her paternity and believing that her boyfriend,
Crisostomo, had been dead, Maria Clara entered the Real Monasterio de Santa Clara (a
Poor Clare nunnery) near the conclusion of the book. Rizal said in the epilogue that it is
unclear whether Maria Clara is still alive and residing inside the convent's walls or whether
she has passed away.
3. KAPITAN TIAGO. The political and slang names Tiago and Kapitan Tiago refer to Don
Santiago de los Santos, who is thought to be the wealthiest person in the Binondo area and
to have real estate holdings in Pampanga and Laguna de Bay. The colonial aristocracy also
believed him to be a Spaniard since he was a devout Catholic and a friend of the Spanish
government. Kapitan Tiago didn't go to school, so he took a job as a Dominican friar's
housekeeper, where he received an informal education. Later, he wed Santa Cruz native
Pia Alba.
4. PADRE DAMASO. Franciscan friar Damaso Verdolagas, also referred to as Padre
Damaso, served as San Diego's previous parish curate. During his ministry in the
community, he earned a reputation for being cocky and nasty. It is revealed that Damaso,
a foe of Crisostomo's father Don Rafael Ibarra, is Mara Clara's biological father. He and
Mara Clara later got into a heated debate about whether she should wed Alfonso Linares
de Espadaa, whom he favoured, or join a nunnery (her desperate alternative). He is once
 more sent to a far-off village towards the book's conclusion, where he is subsequently
discovered dead in his bed.
5. ELIAS. Ibarra has a mystery acquaintance and ally named Elias. At a picnic with Ibarra,
Maria Clara, and her friends, Elias made his debut as a pilot. The genealogy of Elias is
covered in Chapter 50. Ingkong, Elias's great-grandfather, was an accountant at a Manila
office when he was younger. The owner, a Spaniard named Don Pedro Eibarramendia,
accused him of setting the office on fire one evening. Following his release from jail,
Ingkong was avoided by the neighborhood because he was a dangerous lawbreaker. To
sustain themselves, he, and his wife Impong turned to prostitution, but finally they were
forced into the hinterlands. Balat, Impong's first child, was born there. Deep in the
wilderness, Ingkong hangs himself after becoming depressed. Balat was still very small at
the time, and Impong was weak from starvation in the forest and unable to chop down and
bury his dead. They were found because of the odor, and Impong was charged with murder.
She escaped with her kid to another region, where she later had a second son. Balat became
a renowned bandit as he grew older. When he was ultimately apprehended, his body was
dismembered limb by limb and dumped in front of Impong's home. Impong passed away
in horror after seeing her son's head get cut. Knowing that he would be blamed in some
way for their murders, Impong's younger son went to the province of Tayabas, where he
met and fell in love with a wealthy young heiress. The woman became pregnant because
of their romance. But his records were uncovered before they could be hitched. The father,
who had always been against him, then had him put in jail. Elias and his twin sister were
born to the woman, but she passed away when they were still little. However, the twins'
grandfather gave them excellent care and attention. Elias and his sister attended Ateneo
and La Concordia, respectively, but finally returned to Tayabas because they wanted to
become farmers. The only thing he and his sister knew about their father when they were
little was that he had passed away. Elias was a spoiled brat who enjoyed humiliating an
elderly servant even though she always went along with his wishes. His sister, who was
more sophisticated, finally got engaged to a good-looking young guy. But Elias got into
trouble with a distant cousin before they could get married. Elias and his sister, as well as
a significant portion of the community, found the truth as a result of documents being dug
up once the verbal altercation reached a certain degree. Their father was the senior servant
whom Elias routinely mistreated. The controversy led to the annulment of Elias' sister's
engagement. The girl, who was depressed, vanished one day and was later discovered dead
by the water. Elias himself lost his reputation and started to roam. Eventually, he developed
into the kinder, more subdued, and more noble figure initially presented in the narrative,
albeit he did become a robber like his uncle Balat.
6. PILOSOPO TASYO. He was a former philosophy student and was also referred to as Don
Anastasio. His well-off mother gave him the option of quitting college or becoming a priest
because she didn't want him to lose sight of God. After graduating from college, he marries
the love of his life, but the following year, both of them pass away. He spends all of his
time on his studies in an effort to avoid being depressed or engaging in vice, but in doing
so, he neglects the money his mother left for him. He uses a made-up alphabet based on
 the Tagalog language to write, in the hopes that future generations may be able to interpret
it.
7. DONA VICTORINA. Aspiring Filipina Dona Victorina de los Reyes de de Espadana, also
known as Dona Victorina, identifies as a Spaniard and imitates Spanish women by using a
lot of makeup. In the story, Dona Victorina's early years are described. She had numerous
lovers, but she rejected each one since they were all non-Spaniards. Later, she fell in love
with and wed Don Tiburcio de Espadana, a customs officer who was ten years her junior.
However, they have no children together. Even though he never attended medical school,
her spouse has the title of "doctor" of medicine; by using forged credentials, Tiburcio
illegally practices medicine. Victorina adopts the title Dra because of Tiburcio using the
term Dr. (Doctora, a female physician) It appears that she emphasizes her married surname
by using the full name Dona Victorina de los Reyes de de Espadana, with a double de. She
appears to believe that her odd title makes her appear more "intelligent."
8. SISA, CRISPIN, AND BASILIO. Sisa, Crispin, and Basilio stand in for a Filipino family
who was oppressed by the Spanish. The insane mother of Basilio and Crispin is Narcisa,
also known as Sisa. She is described as young and lovely, and although she adores her kids
dearly, she is powerless to stop Pedro from abusing them. Sisa's son Crispin is seven years
old. He was falsely charged with stealing money from the church despite being an altar
boy. He is assaulted by the chief sexton to "return" the money. In Basilio's dream, Crispin
perishes from the beating. Sisa's 10-year-old kid is named Basilio. As an acolyte, he
confronted the fear of Crispin's passing and his mother's deterioration into insanity while
ringing the church bells for the Angelus. After exposing the location of Ibarra's riches, Elas
requested that he and Sisa's bodies be cremated. He later had a significant part in the follow-
up, El Filibusterismo. These characters are frequently ridiculed in contemporary Filipino
popular culture because of their tragic but charming tale. Elias is in love with Salome.
Although Elias would like to marry her and have children with her, he informs her that
being linked to a fugitive like himself wouldn't benefit her or their offspring. She resided
in a little house near the lake. The chapter that examines Elias and Salome's identities was
left out of the first edition of Noli Me Tangere, making her a completely nonexistent figure.
Elias y Salome was possibly the novel's twenty-fifth chapter when it was written. However,
most recent translations and publications of Noli contain this chapter as Chapter X or as an
appendix (Ex).
9. The Dominican priest PADRE HERNANDO DE LA SIBYLA is a small man with light
complexion. An elderly priest gives him instructions on how to observe Crisostomo Ibarra.
10. Franciscan friar PADRE BERNARDO SALVI succeeded Damaso as San Diego's curate.
He has a crush on Maria Clara. He is noted as being quite frail and emaciated. The fact that
he is prepared to kill an innocent youngster, Crispin, whom he accuses of stealing money
worth two onzas, is also hinted at by the fact that his last name, "Salvi," is short for
"salvaje," which is Spanish for "savage" or "wild."
11. EL ALFEREZ is Dona Consolacion's spouse and the unidentified leader of the
neighborhood Guardia Civil. In the battle for control of the town, he is the priests' sworn
adversary.
 12. The Alferez, often referred to as la Alfereza or la musa de los guardias civiles, is married
to DONA CONSOLACION. She was a former launderette who now poses as a peninsular,
and Sisa was the victim of her violent abuse.
13. Spanish quack doctor DON TIBURCIO DE ESPADANA is weak and servile to his
pompous wife, Dona Victorina.
14. Don Rafael Ibarra's close buddy TENIENTE GUEVARA is a Guardia Civil officer. He
explains Don Rafael's death's circumstances to Crisostomo.
15. ALFONSO LINARES is a distant nephew of Maria Clara's future fiancé, Tiburcio de
Espadana. Although he pretended to be a lawyer, it was subsequently discovered that he,
like Don Tiburcio, is a con artist. Later, the drugs Don Tiburcio had given him caused him
to pass away.
16. TIYA ISABEL, who raised Maria Clara as a substitute mother, is the cousin of Kapitan
Tiago.
17. Despite not being given a name in the book, CAPITAN-GENERAL was the most
powerful colonial authority in the Philippines. He sympathizes with Ibarra and has nothing
but contempt for crooked authorities and friars.
18. The vice-mayor of San Diego and the representative of the liberals is DON FILIPO LINO.
19. The bilingual curate of a neighbouring village, PADRE MANUEL MARTIN, preaches
during San Diego's fiesta.
20. Crisostomo Ibarra's father is DON RAFAEL IBARRA. He was the wealthiest guy in San
Diego, but he was also the most moral and giving. He therefore trod on the toes of the
ruling class, who promptly plotted his demise.
21. DONA PIA ALBA, the mother of Maria Clara and the wife of Kapitan Tiago, passed away
while giving birth to her child. Although Alba was really raped by Padre Damaso, Kapitan
Tiago was the child's legal father.
22. DON PEDRO EIBARRAMENDIA, the Basque great-grandfather of Crisostomo Ibarra,
unjustly accused Elias's grandpa and destroyed his family. Later, the surname was
abbreviated to Ibarra.
23. A seminarian named ALBINO joins the friends of Maria Clara and Crisostomo Ibarra for
a picnic.
24. DON SATURNINO EIBARRAMENDIA is the grandfather of Crisostomo and the father
of Don Rafael. Crisostomo is credited with founding San Diego while it was still a large
forest.

SYNOPSIS
Noli Me Tangere, by Dr. Jose Rizal, starts off at the house of the wealthy man Capitan
Tiago. Here we find Padre Damaso speaking ill of Filipinos. A few moments later, the story’s
protagonist makes his first appearance. He is Crisostomo Ibarra, a rich young man who has just
returned from Europe after 7 years of studying there. He is the son of the late Don Rafael Ibarra,
whose death is later revealed to be because of his protecting a young Filipino boy from a Spanish
tax collector. Padre Damaso, being an adversary of Don Ibarra, starts to do both indirectly and
directly insult Crisostomo. Ibarra, instead of retorting, excuses himself and says that he has
business matters to attend to. In the following days, Ibarra talks to his sweetheart Maria Clara–
daughter of Capitan Tiago and tries to visit his father’s grave. And to Ibarra’s shock, the place
where his father’s body should be seems to have been recently dug up.
He talks to a gravedigger to find out that a fat friar asked that the body be transferred to a
Chinese cemetery. Whom could this friar be? Yes, you’ve got it right, Padre Damaso. But only to
add insult to injury, Ibarra finds out the corpse was thrown into the lake because there was a storm
on the supposed day of transfer. On the other hand, a whole other story was taking place the story
of Sisa, Basilio, and Crispin. The two were accused of being thieves. Basilio was locked up in the
church by the Sacristan Mayor for his “crimes”. Basilio escapes from the church and runs away.
Sisa, not knowing this, goes to church to get him only to find out that he is gone. She runs home
to be arrested and Crispin is nowhere to be found. After being released from jail, she tries to find
her children only to find a bloody garment of Basilio. Due to the horrifying sight, she loses her
mind. Going back to Senor Ibarra, he tried to put up a school wherein he was almost killed when
during the laying of the cornerstone.
It was a planned attempt. At a party, Padre Damaso insults Ibarra’s father who causes
Crisostomo to leap to his feet and pose a knife at the priest’s neck. He did not go on with the act
because of Maria Clara’s persuasion. Due to the event, Ibarra was excommunicated. Because of
this, he cannot be with Maria Clara, and she is set up with another man. Ibarra finds out about this
and is deeply saddened. Elias, Ibarra’s supporter/friend, breaks Ibarra out of jail, gets him on a
Banca, and they plan to go abroad first. Before this, Ibarra talks to Maria Clara to find that she
does not want to marry her new suitor and that her true father is not Capitan Tiago but Padre
Damaso. He leaves her with a hug. While rowing in the river, Ibarra, and Elias realize that a few
Spaniards saw them from afar. Elias tells Ibarra to hide under the Zacate and Elias jumps off the
Banca, pretending to be Ibarra, and gets shot. On the other side of the river, Basilio is grieving the
death of his mother, Elias comes to him, shot and bloody, and tells him that he is going to die and
that the young Basilio should burn the bodies. He tells the boy that there is gold under the land that
they are standing on. Young Basilio does so. Ibarra is left alone to escape.

TYPE OF NOVEL
The novel Noli me Tangere has a combination of satirical and romantic novel.

EL FILIBUSTERISMO
CHARACTERS
1. SIMOUN. He is Crisostomo Ibarra, who was thought to be dead at the conclusion of Noli
Me Tangere. Simoun, a renowned jeweler, is back as played by Ibarra. He is characterized
as having long white hair, a scant beard, a tanned complexion, and big spectacles with a
blue tinge. He might be unpleasant and aggressive at times. Custodio and Ben-Zayb
mockingly referred to him as either an American mulatto or a British Indian. He pretends
 to be the haughty aristocrat while actually plotting a bloody revolution to get revenge for
his tragedies as Crisostomo Ibarra and further Elias' reformist objectives.
2. BASILIO. He is Sisa's son, who also appears in Noli Me Tangere. He is an ambitious and
thus far successful doctor in El Filibusterismo, who is in his final year of study and is
awaiting the release of his license after graduation. He requested a position as a servant in
Capitan Tiago's household when his mother passed away in the Noli in exchange for food,
shelter, and the ability to pursue his studies. He eventually decided to pursue medicine, and
once Tiago resigned from public life, he took up the management of Tiago's sizable fortune.
He is a calm, thoughtful man who is more concerned with his immediate responsibilities
as a doctor, student, and servant than he is with politics or patriotic aspirations. Juli, the
daughter of Kabesang Tales, who took him in as a small lad fleeing the Guardia Civil and
his insane mother, is his true love.
3. ISAGANI. He is a buddy of Basilio's. He is defined as a poet who is younger than Basilio
but taller and more powerful. He is Padre Florentino's nephew, but there are rumors that he
is also Florentino's offspring from a previous relationship before he was consecrated as a
priest. Isagani is finishing up his studies at the Ateneo Municipal and preparing to study
medicine throughout the events of the book. Isagani, a student association member, is
arrogant and ignorant, and he frequently puts himself in danger when his principles are
offended. His uncontrolled idealism and poeticism conflict with Paulita Gomez, his lover,
who has more everyday worries. Paulita departs from Isagani for Juanito Pelaez after he
permits himself to be detained after their partnership is made illegal. He wished the Orenda
family, his landlords, farewell in the novel's final mention before moving in permanently
with Florentino.
4. PADRE FLORENTINO. He is a retired priest and Isagani's uncle. The affluent and
powerful Florentino family came from Manila. At his mother's request, he became a priest.
He was forced to end his relationship with the lady he loved as a result, and out of
desperation turned his attention to his parish. He immediately resigned from the clergy
during the 1872 Cavite mutiny because he was worried about attracting unwelcome
attention. Native-born Florentino belonged to the secular clergy and was not associated
with any Catholic religious groups, although his parish brought in a sizable sum of money.
He retired to a sizable estate owned by his family near the Pacific Ocean. He is
characterized as having white hair, a calm, peaceful demeanor, and a powerful frame. He
didn't drink or smoke. Even Spanish friars and government representatives had high regard
for him among his colleagues.
5. PADRE FERNANDEZ. He is a Dominican and was Isagani's buddy. After the incident
with the posters, he invited Isagani to a discussion, but not in the typical teacher-student or
friar-Filipino context. Even though they were unable to come to an agreement, they each
pledged to present the opposing viewpoints of the other party to their coworkers. However,
they both expressed concern that, given the hostility between their sides, their own
countrymen would not accept the other party's existence.
6. KAPITAN TIAGO. He is referred to as Maria Clara's father and Don Santiago de los
Santos. Despite acquiring several properties in Pampanga, Binondo, and Laguna as well as
the large estate of the Ibarras, Tiago still experienced sadness once Maria entered the
 convent. He found relief in smoking opium, which swiftly developed into an unhealthy
addiction made worse by his friendship with Padre Irene, who frequently provided him
with the drug. Basilio was a capista, a servant who was employed by Tiago and given the
chance to pursue education as part of his pay; he later became his carer and the executor of
his inheritance. After learning of Basilio's incarceration and Padre Irene's inflated tales of
a violent uprising, Tiago passed away from shock.
7. CAPTAIN GENERAL. During the time of Spanish colonialism, he is the top authority in
the Philippines. Simoun's buddy and confidant, the Captain-General, is characterized in the
book as possessing an obsessive thirst for riches. During the Ten Years' War in Cuba,
Simoun first encountered him when he was still a major. He used bribery to gain the
goodwill of the major and his elevation to Captain-General. Simoun exploited him as a tool
in his own power machinations to push the Philippines towards revolution when he was
deployed there. After receiving a reprimand from a senior official following Basilio's arrest,
the Captain-General was embarrassed into not extending his contract. This choice to retire
would eventually turn out to be a key component in Simoun's plans.
8. PADRE BERNARDO SALVI. He is a Franciscan friar who currently serves as the
director and chaplain of the Santa Clara convent. He was previously the parish priest of
San Diego in Noli Me Tangere. Salvi is implied to frequently rape Mara Clara while at the
convent in the epilogue of Noli Me Tangere. His role as her confessor is depicted in El
Filibusterismo. Salvi thinks Ibarra is still alive despite claims to the contrary and constantly
fears his retaliation.
9. PADRE HERNANDO DE LA SIBYLA. Currently serving as the director and chaplain
of the University of Santo Tomas, he is a Dominican who was first presented in Noli Me
Tangere.
10. FATHER MILLON. He is a Dominican who works as a physics professor at University
of Santo Tomas.
11. QUIROGA. He was a Chinese businessman who had aspirations of serving as China's
consul in the Philippines. To prepare for the revolution, Simoun forced Quiroga to conceal
firearms in the latter's warehouses.
12. DON CUSTODIO. He is also known as Custodio de Salazar y Sanchez de Monteredondo,
a well-known "contractor" who was asked by the Captain-General to develop the students'
association's proposal for a school for the instruction of Spanish, but who was also under
pressure from the priests to uphold their rights as the sole providers of education. For
Custodio, who is shown as an opportunist who married his way into high society and
frequently attacked preferred ideas that did not originate from him but was ultimately
comically stupid despite his scruples, the novel reserves some of its harshest condemnation.
13. BEN-ZAYB. He writes a column for the El Grito de la Integridad daily in Manila's Spanish
language. His pen name, Ben-Zayb, is an anagram of the spelling of his last name, Ibanez,
which is Ybanez. He doesn't provide his first name. According to reports, Ben-Zayb has
the appearance of a friar and thinks that others in Manila think the way he does. He has a
strong sense of patriotism, often bordering on jingoism. As a journalist, he had no qualms
about embellishing a narrative, mixing up and misrepresenting specifics, repeating words,
 and otherwise making an ordinary tale appear more interesting than it actually was. He is
mockingly referred to as an ink-slinger by Father Camora.
14. PADRE CAMORRA. He serves as Tiani's parish priest. He is described as Ben-usual
Zayb's foil and contrasts Ben-friar-like Zayb's appearance with an artilleryman's build.
Ben-liberal Zayb's aspirations are mocked and degraded to the point of no return by him.
Camorra is known for his unbridled lustfulness in his own parish. He attempts to rape Juli
within the convent and then leads her to commit suicide. He was "detained" for his
misconduct in a lavish riverside mansion just outside of Manila.
15. PADRE IRENE. He serves as Capitan Tiago's sage. Irene is harshly attacked as an
example of priests who associated with temporal authority for the purpose of power and
financial gain, along with Don Custodio. The student association sought his support and
gave him two chestnut-colored horses, but he betrayed them by advising Custodio to make
them fee collectors in their own school, which was then to be administered by the
Dominicans instead of being a secular and privately managed institution as the students
imagined. He is known to many as the final authority who Custodio consults. Irene
encourages Basilio to carry out his role while covertly but frequently providing Capitan
Tiago with opium. He then deleted Basilio from Tiago's final will and testament while he
was behind bars to make sure he didn't get anything.
16. PLACIDO PENITENTE. He is a University of Santo Tomas student who disliked school
and would have dropped out if his mother hadn't pleaded with him to continue. He fights
with his physics professor, who later accuses him of belonging to the friars' hated student
organization. After the altercation, he runs into Simoun at the Quiapo Fair. Placido has
promise, so Simoun brings him along to check out his revolution preparations. Placido
joined Simoun's devoted followers the next morning. Later, he is seen with Simoun's bomb-
maker, who was formerly San Diego's schoolteacher.
17. PAULITA GOMEZ. She is Isagani's sweetheart and the niece of Dona Victorina, the
elderly Indio who poses as a Peninsular and is married to quack physician Tiburcio de
Espadana. Paulita believes that if she marries Isagani, she would never have a future. As a
result, they split ways. In the end, she weds Juanito Pelaez.
18. KABESANG TALES. He also goes by the name Telesforo Juan de Dios and was the
previous cabeza de barangay of Tiani's Barrio Sagpang. He was a sugarcane grower who
lost his wife and oldest daughter while clearing property he believed belonged to no one.
He battled to the death to keep his land in his hands when the Dominicans seized it. He
was abducted by bandits when he was out patrolling his fields during the time that his
lawsuit against the Dominicans was proceeding. His daughter Juli was made to work as a
maid in return for her mistress paying his ransom since he lacked the money to do so.
Again, Tales was unable to pay for Tano's exclusion from the conscription when Tano was
enlisted into the Guardia Civil. Despite all, Tales lost the case, which resulted in him losing
his farm as well as receiving a hefty fine. Later, he joined the bandits and rose to become
one of their most ruthless leaders. After Juli's passing, his father, Tandang Selo, would later
join his band.
19. TANDANG SELO. He is the grandpa of Tano and Juli as well as the father of Kabesang
Tales. He and Tales took in the young, ailing Basilio who was at the time running from the
 Guardia Civil. He was a deer hunter and afterwards a broom manufacturer. When Juli went
on Christmas Day to be with her mistress, Selo had some sort of stroke that left him unable
to talk. Selo permanently departed town when Juli committed suicide, taking his hunting
spear with him. Later, he was spotted with the thieves, and ironically, it was Tano, his
grandson, who shot him dead during a shootout with the Guardia Civil.
20. JULI. She goes by the name Juliana de Dios and is the youngest child of Kabesang Tales
and Basilio's girlfriend. Juli asked Hermana Penchang to pay Tales' ransom after he was
kidnapped by thieves. She was required to serve as Penchang's maid in exchange. Basilio
bought a house for her family and ransomed the woman. Juli sought assistance from Padre
Camorra, Tiani's curate, while Basilio was incarcerated. Juli leaped to her death from the
church's tower as Camorra tried to rape her.
21. TANO. He is the second kid of Kabesang Tales after his infant daughter Lucia. After
returning from Guardia Civil training in the Carolines, he earned the moniker "Carolino."
When they were attacked by bandits, his team was taking detainees down a route that
curved around a mountain. Tano, the squad's sniper, killed a bandit who was about to
surrender from a distance during the subsequent conflict without realizing it was his own
grandpa Selo.
22. HERMANA PENCHANG. She is one of the "wealthy people" of Tiani that sent Juli
money to pay the bandits to release Kabesang Tales. Juli will work as her maid in exchange
till the debt was settled. Penchang is characterized as a devout woman who knows Spanish,
but the qualities the friars taught her obscured her devoutness. While Juli was working for
her, she forced her to work nonstop and wouldn't give her time off so she could look after
her grandfather Selo. Penchang was the only person in Tiani who showed Juli compassion
while the wealthy people avoided her since helping her family in any manner may result in
retaliation from the friars.
23. HERMANA BALI. She serves as a mentor and mother figure for Juli. She assisted Juli in
her efforts to obtain the ransom for Kabesang Tales and subsequently, the freedom of
Basilio. A panguinguera (a gambler) by the name of Báli once officiated at religious
ceremonies in a convent in Manila. Báli was the one who gave Juli the idea to borrow
money from Tiani's affluent residents, which would be paid back after Tales' legal issue
over his land was resolved, after Tales was taken prisoner by robbers.
24. MACARAIG. He is in charge. Wealthy, with a personal coach, driver, and team of horses,
he is described. They claim that he owns multiple homes and is lending one of them so that
it may be used as the classroom for their envisioned Spanish language institution. He was
the first to post bail following the group's outlawry. After being freed, he eventually
departed the nation.
25. SANDOVAL. He is from the Peninsula, had moved to Manila to work for the government
while completing his education, and had become wholly committed to the cause of the
Filipino students. Through his mastery of oratory, he was still able to pass his classes even
after the group was outlawed.
26. PECSON. He's described as being overweight, gloomy, and sporting an uncomfortable
grin. He serves as Sandoval's go-to opponent whenever Sandoval makes any sort of
patriotic, upbeat statement. Pecson recommended a candlelit supper at the Panciteria
 Macanista de Buen Gusto, only a block from the Binondo Church and Convent, served by
nude Chinese waiters, after they received discouraging news regarding their Spanish
language academy idea. After that, Pecson and Sandoval started acting more kindly toward
one another.
27. TADEO. Despite being a cheater who frequently daydreamed about taking an endless
"vacation" from school, he was nonetheless well-liked by his teachers and managed to pass
his classes. He has been in Manila for a long time, and he is shown having fun with a new
student from his native province by telling outlandish anecdotes about himself. He was the
only one who seemed to enjoy being imprisoned once the organization was declared illegal
because it meant missing school. Finally having his holiday, he "celebrated" by building a
bonfire with his books after being freed.
28. JUANITO PELAEZ. He competes with Isagani for Paulita Gomez's love. He was the
offspring of a businessman in metalworks named Timoteo Pelaez. He was well regarded
by his academics. He was rumored to have gotten a hump from pulling pranks on his
classmates repeatedly, which caused him to slouch behind them. He contributed to the
student association, but when it was banned, he left just as swiftly. Paulita separates from
Isagani after his detention in order to wed Juanito.

SYNOPSIS
Crisostomo Ibarra is back and as Simoun. During the period between the storyline of Noli
Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo which is 13 years, Ibarra left the Philippines and became a
wealthy jeweler. He came back to the Philippines as Senor Simoun, disguised with a beard. He
seems to have long abandoned his once vision of ending the despotism of Spain with words and
peace. He becomes hungry for vengeance for all the misfortune our country has suffered under the
tyranny of the Spaniards. And near the end of the novel, when he discovers that his lover, Maria
Clara, died in the convent, he becomes all the more furious. Simoun is a confidant of the Captain
General. He encourages the government to make bad decisions and to abuse its power so that it
would spark a revolution among the masses.
Basilio, now all grown up, is at first reluctant to join in on Simoun’s idea but ends up being
part of the plan. Simoun started planning uprisings and stashed guns in the shop of an ally. At the
wedding reception of the newlyweds (the bride being the ex-girlfriend of one of their friends of
Basillo—Isagani), Simoun tells Basilio that his plan was to conceal an explosive that contains
nitroglycerin inside a pomegranate-styled Kerosene lamp that Simoun will give to the newlyweds
as a gift during the wedding reception. The reception will take place at the former home of the late
Captain Tiago, which was now filled with explosives planted by Simoun. According to Simoun,
the lamp will stay lighted for only 20 minutes before it flickers; if someone attempts to turn the
wick, it will explode and kill everyone—important members of civil society and the Church
hierarchy—inside the house. Simoun leaves the reception early and leaves a note with the words:
“Mene Thecel Phares” which means “the future is predetermined” and is generally implied that a
bad event is going to happen.
Simoun signed it with his real name “Juan Crisostomo Ibarra”. The people at the reception
were shocked because Ibarra is supposedly dead. One of the priests who knew Ibarra before the
ending of Noli Me Tangere confirmed to the people that it was the writing of Ibarra. The lamp
started to dim… Outside the house, Basilio was about to walk away because he knew the lamp
was going to explode anytime soon when he saw Isagani, the still heart-broken ex-boyfriend of the
bride whose reception was still going on in the house of Capitan Tiago. Isagani said that he just
wanted to congratulate the newlyweds. Basilio who then feared for the safety of his friend told him
about his plan of Simoun. Isagani ran to the house.
A priest was about to fix the lamp but once Isagani got in, he found the lamp and threw it
out the window into the river outside the residence. Since the guards were chasing Isagani, he
himself jumped out of the window into the river as well. There was an uprising planned by Simoun
during the time of the reception. The band got caught and confessed that Simoun lead them. Ibarra
was now wanted both as himself and as Simoun. Days passed and a good priest found Simoun
walking along the shore, wounded and weak. The noble priest tended to Simoun while the latter
explained that he is Ibarra and that he was greatly saddened and angry due to the failure of the
revolution and that he was questioning God as to why he was the one who is suffering and not the
ones who have forsaken the people of the Philippines.
The priest explains that all punishments will come in due time. Ibarra died as he weakly
held the hand of the priest. The latter blessed the former and threw away all the remaining jewels
of Ibarra in the hopes that they may always be used for good.

TYPE OF NOVEL
The novel El Filibusterismo has a combination of satirical and political novel.