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Lecture 01 – Introduction to AI & ML

Instructor: Dr. Syed Imran Ali

Assistant Professor
School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (SEECS)
National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad

Courtesy: Dr. Faisal Shafait and Dr. Adnan ul Hasan

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What is Artificial Intelligence?

 First we have to define “intelligence”

 How many of you are intelligent?

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 The definition of intelligence is not easy to formulate

 According to Douglas Hofstadter important factors for

intelligence include:

– To respond to situations very flexibly

– To make sense out of ambiguous or contradictory

messages

– To find similarities between situations despite

differences

– To recognize the relative importance of different

elements

– To draw distinctions between situations despite

similarities which may link them

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What is Artificial Intelligence?

Terminator 2
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Artificial Intelligence Applications

 Most digital cameras detect faces for face priority focus

• Canon, Sony, Fuji, …

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Facebook Photo Auto-tagging

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Google Maps

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Google Maps – Street View

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Street View – Reading Street Numbers

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Google Street View Dataset

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Street View – Hiding Personal Details

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 NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF
SCIENCES AND TECHNOLGOY Slide content courtesy of Amnon Shashua

Smart Cars

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Mercedes S 500 Self-Driving Car

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Artificial Intelligence : Major Areas

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Machine Learning Magic!

Essentially, someone can load a
significant amount of data into a
machine learning program, and the
program will be able to sort through
the information, form conclusions,
and generate predictions based on
those conclusions.

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What is Machine Learning?

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Example
Handwritten Digit Recognition

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Machine Learning
 Machine learning is a fundamental concept in AI which
deals with is the study of computer algorithms that
improve automatically through experience

 Machine learning algorithms build a mathematical

model of sample data, known as "training data“

 Machine learning is divided into two broad types

– Supervised Learning
– Unsupervised Learning

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Goal of Machine Learning

 Consider a 28 x 28 pixel image
 Represented by a 784 dimensional vector x
 Goal: build a machine that takes the vector x as input
and produces the identity of digit 0,…,9 as the output

 Tom Mitchel’s definition of Machine Learning:

A computer program is said to learn from experience E
with respect to some class of tasks T and performance
measure P, if its performance at tasks in T, as
measured by P, improves with experience E.

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Important terminology
 Training data
• Data samples
• Target vectors
 Learning / Training
• Machine takes training data and automatically learns
mapping from data samples to target vectors
 Test data
• Target vectors are concealed from the machine
• Machine predicts the target vectors based on previously
learned model
• Accuracy can be evaluated by comparing the predicted
vectors to the actual vectors

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Types of Machine Learning Problems

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Types of Machine Learning Problems

 Supervised learning
• Regression
• Classification
 Unsupervised learning
• Clustering
• Density estimation

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Any Questions!!!

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