Unreinforced Masonry

Code Sections, 9.2

• 9.2.1 Scope
• 9.2.2 Design criteria
• 9.2.3 Design assumptions
• 9.2.4 Nominal flexural and axial strength
• 9.2.5 Axial tension
• 9.2.6 Nominal shear strength

Key design equation:

Unreinforced Masonry 1

Interaction Diagram

Axial strength limit, 0.80 0.80 1 for 99

Section 9.2.4.2
0.80 0.80 for 99

Compression controlled: Compression

Design Axial Strength,

stress does not exceed 0.80

0.8
2nd order
Tension controlled: Tension
loading
stress does not exceed modulus
path
of rupture, Table 9.1.9.2
,

Design Moment Strength, =0.6

Unreinforced Masonry 2
Moment Magnification

Design for magnified moment: ,

1 1
1 1
70

• Can take = 1 if / ≤ 45
• Can take = 1 if 45 < / ≤ 60 and nominal strength
reduced by 10%

Unreinforced Masonry 3

Lateral Load Example

Given: 12 ft high wall; 8 in. hollow light weight concrete masonry units
with Type S masonry cement mortar; face shell bedding; no grout.
Superimposed dead load of 1 kip/ft and roof live load of 0.5 kip/ft at an
eccentricity of 3 in. (toward inside). Out-of-plane wind load of 24 psf
(pressure or suction).
Required: Check adequacy of wall
Solution: = 2000 psi; = 30.0 in.2/ft; = 81.0 in.3/ft; = 2.84 in.

Load Combinations 144 .

1.4D 50.7
2.84 .
1.2D + 1.6Lr
1.2D + 1.0W + 0.5Lr
0.9D + 1.0W Wall weight = 30 psf

Unreinforced Masonry 4
Lateral Load Example

Which load combination do you think will control?

A. 1.2D + 1.0W + 0.5Lr Wind pressure (compression on outside)
B. 1.2D + 1.0W + 0.5Lr Wind suction (compression on inside)
C. 0.9D + 1.0W Wind pressure (compression on outside)
D. 0.9D + 1.0W Wind suction (compression on inside)

Load Combination Tensile Stress (psi)

1.2D + 1.0W + 0.5Lr wind pressure
1.2D + 1.0W + 0.5Lr wind suction
0.9D + 1.0W wind pressure
0.9D + 1.0W wind suction

Unreinforced Masonry 5

Lateral Load Example

0.9D+1.0W Wind suction (compression on inside face of wall)

Factored axial . .
load, 0.9 1000 31 1046
.⁄

Moment at top · .
0.9 1000 3.0 . 2700
of wall,
· .
Location of max .
moment,
62.6 .

,
2 8 2
· . . · .
Maximum
moment, , .

· .
1350 5184 88 6622

Unreinforced Masonry 6
Lateral Load Example

Moment 1.009
Magnifier:
.

.

,
Tension:

Nominal Strength = Design Strength =

· .
.
,
Compression: . .
34.9 82.5 117.4
.

Nominal Strength = 0.8(2000psi) =1600 psi

Design Strength = 0.6(1600psi) = 960 psi
OK

Unreinforced Masonry 7

Lateral Load Example

Moment 1.009
Magnifier:
.

.

· .
.
,
Tension: . .
34.9 82.5 47.6
.

Nominal Strength = 51psi Design Strength = 0.6(51psi) = 30.6psi NG

· .
.
,
Compression: . .
34.9 82.5 117.4
.

Nominal Strength = 0.8(2000psi) =1600 psi

Design Strength = 0.6(1600psi) = 960 psi
OK

Unreinforced Masonry 8
Lateral Load Example

What to do to make wall work? (short of reinforcing wall)

1.

2.

3.

4.

Unreinforced Masonry 9

In-Plane Shear (9.2.6)

Failure modes:

________ ______________ ______________

strong mortar, weak units weak mortar, strong units

Nominal strength is smallest of: 0.8

3.8
300
Running bond not solidly grouted and stack bond
56 0.45
with open end units grouted solid
Running bond solidly grouted 90 0.45
Other stack bond 23
Unreinforced Masonry 10
 Example: In-Plane Shear

Given: 12 ft high wall; 8 in. hollow concrete masonry units with Type S
masonry cement mortar; face shell bedding; no grout. Wall is 10 ft long
and subjected to a 1 kip/ft vertical dead load.
Required: In-plane wind load
Solution: = 2000 psi

2 1.25 . 120 . 300 .

min 3.8 , 300 , 56 0.45
3.8 2000 300 . 51.0
300 300 . 90 0.9D
56 300 . 0.45 0.9 1000 10 20.8

, 0.8 20.8 16.7

Unreinforced Masonry 11

Example: Overturning

9.1.9.2 Modulus of rupture values same as for out-of-plane bending

Section properties:
7.625 in
only face shell bedding is
considered, although full
bedding is required at the
1.25 in

first course 120 in

2.5 . 120 .
6000 .
6 6
Tension include wall weight of 31 psf(12ft high)(10ft long) = 3720 lb

0.9 10 3.72 12.35

, = 2.99 kips
12350 144 .
41.2 0.024 0.6 51 30.6
300 . 6000 .

Unreinforced Masonry 12
In-Plane Shear: Parametric Study

12 ft high wall; 8 in hollow CMU with Type S masonry cement mortar

Unreinforced Masonry 13