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I am pleased to announce the completion and approval of our Contingency Plan for Disaster
Management. This plan represents a collaborative effort among the government agencies,
emergency services, community, and dedicated experts to ensure the safety, resilience, and well-
being of our state during times of crisis. It is my honor to share with you the key elements of this
plan and its implementation strategies:
Implementing this contingency plan requires the collective effort of every citizen, community
organization, and government agency. Together, we can build a resilient and prepared Province
that can withstand flooding. I urge each of you to familiarize yourselves with the plan, participate
in training and awareness programs, and take necessary steps to protect yourselves, your families,
and your communities.
I extend my sincere appreciation to all the individuals and organizations involved in developing
this contingency plan in flooding. Your dedication and commitment to the safety and well-being of
our province are commendable. To the PDRRMO Head, Mr. Ruelie B. Rapsing, my sincere
appreciation for your exceptional leadership.
Let us work hand in hand to ensure a secure and prosperous future for our beloved Province of
Cagayan.
MANUEL MAMBA
Governor/PDRRMC Chairperson
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I would like to emphasize the importance of having a contingency plan in place to ensure the
safety and well-being of our community during times of crisis in flooding, the impending threat of
flooding in any area of the province and to outline our contingency plan to mitigate its potential
impact. As the Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction Management Head, it is crucial that we take
immediate action to ensure the safety of our personnel and minimize any potential damage to our
facilities.
It is essential that we work together and remain vigilant during this challenging time. This plan
will serve as a basis for our interoperability. This will guide us as we execute out mandate to it full
potential.
Remeber, a well executes contingency plan is a cornerstone of effective Disaster Risk Reduction
and Management. By preparing for a potential flood disaster in advance, we can minimize the
impact of flooding on our community, saves lives and protect our proporties. I strongly press opon
each of you to implement this contingency plan in flooding that addresses the unique challeneges
we face to give a high qulity standard for our services during emergencies.
On behalf of the entire team, I want to express my deepest gratitude to Research and Planning
Division. Your hardwork, tireless efforts, and unwavering commitment have helped us prepare for
this contingency plan. I look forward for the development of other contingency plans under your
division to complete all the hazard specific plans of the province to ensure the safety and well-
being of our community during times of calamities.
RUELIE B. RAPSING
Acting PDRRMO
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
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Almighty, for His showers of blessings throughout our Contingency plan and its successful
completion.
The PDRRM office would also like to express our deep and sincere gratitude to our research
adviser, Jose D. Guzman, Ph. D, for providing us invaluable supervision, support, and tutelage
during the course of our research planning. We would also like to thank him for his empathy,
patience and knowledge that he imparts to us. It was a great privilege and honor to work and study
under his guidance with Engr. Mariano Madella, GIS Analyst.
The PDRRM office gratitude also extends to Mr. Ruelie B. Rapsing, acting PDRRMO head, and
to the PDRRMO Research and Planning Division and other technical staff for the full
participation, for sharing their knowledge and technical expertise. Without their help, our
Contingency Plans would not be possible.
Our thanks and appreciations also go to our PDRRM office staffs who willingly helped with their
full cooperation which has made the Contingency Plan achieve its smooth completion. We would
also like to give thanks for the time and knowledge that you have given us to conduct this
Contingency Plans.
To the PDRRMC member agencies and focal persons of this study who dedicate their time, effort
and ideas to provide the Research and Planning staff the most accurate data, PDRRM office would
like to give thanks and extend their appreciation for their cooperation during the formulation.
To all the significant persons who in one way or another assisted the PDRRMO with sincerity and
efforts. These will be treasured and appreciated by the PDRRMO always.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
Message of the Governor ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2
Message of the PDRRMO Head -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3
Acknowledgement ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4
A. Rationale --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8
B. Introduction ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9
C. Contingency Plan Guide Book -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10
D. Definition of terms --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11
E. Acronyms -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15
F. Ecological Profile of the Province ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 17
G. Hazard Identification ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19
H. Hazard Characterization ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 42
I. Probability and Impact Rating Based from the Workshop Conducted ------------------- 44
J. Hazard to Plan for: Typhoon ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 75
K. Scenario ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 76
A. Coordination ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 89
B. NEEDS AND ACTIVITIES: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 89
C. RESOURCE INVENTORY: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 90
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CHAPTER I
BACKGROUND:
A. RATIONALE
This contingency plan for flooding is meant to help network and coordinate individuals, agencies
and organizations to affect a rapid and effective response. Contingency planning ensures the
availability of stand-by resources and provides mechanism for rapid decision-making that can
shorten disaster response and ultimately save lives.
As provided for in RA 10121, one of the known DRRM mechanisms that we can use is
Contingency Planning (CP). It is used to establish preparedness measures and arrange response
priorities ahead of time prior to a certain disaster. CP works well together with other DRRM tools
to help ensure the achievement of safer, adaptive and disaster-resilient communities towards
sustainable development.
The Information provided in the following chapters should be regarded as a guideline, rather than
as strict rules. Planning priorities will differ according to the context and scope of the situation. It
is essential to work on response and contingency plan for flooding in consultation and cooperation
with those who will have to implement or approve them.
Contingency Plan for Flooding is a product both of theoretical study and field experience. The
idea for this plan started with a contingency planning training/ workshop initiated by the Office of
Civil Defense Region-2. These were conducted to respond to the possible massive internal
displacement caused by massive flooding in the province. The workshop provided valuable
lessons useful for crafting a hazard specific Contingency Plan. The training recommended the
institutionalization of the procedures for the Contingency Planning.
The PDRRMC through the PDRRMO conducted a workshop for the hazard identification to be
able to identify the hazards to be prioritized for the contingency planning. Based on the result of
workshop conducted, Flooding ranked number one (1) hazard as of probability occurrence and
impact. Thus, this contingency plan for flooding was the first hazard to plan for.
The PDRRMO Research and Planning Division wrote the initial draft of the Contingency Plan for
Flooding emergencies.
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B. INTRODUCTION
Flooding has been the number one catastrophe in Cagayan even from the early times due to the
frequency of occurrence and severity of impact. Flooding is a natural occurrence due to the geo-
physical characteristics of the province. Cagayan is surrounded by bodies of water in the presence
of the major rivers and it tributaries.
Furthermore, the Philippine’s Geographical structure, being an archipelago increase the potentials
of storm formation that produces heavy rains. For the last ten years there have been over 60
reported major floods in the Philippines.
Cagayan is often visited by flood with severe consequences in losses. In a year, it experiences
several tropical cyclones that that brought massive flooding and considerable damages to farmland
and property. For instance, over one million people were affected by Typhoon Ulysses in 2022.
Flooding have forced thousands of Cagayanos to flee from their homes and caused millions of
pesos in damages. Although the economic losses and social displacements have been quite severe,
we have learned to overcome them. Our resiliency as a Cagayano to surmount these difficulties is
a symbol of our resolve to rise from the rubbles and recover from natural hazard such as flooding
that deprive our people of life, health, sustenance and property, and often have depleted our
province capacity to respond. The province can arise from this kind of disaster. The occurrence of
flooding has become an important factor adversely affecting our economic development and social
stability. However, these flooding occurs mainly because of our geographical location. Many of
these emergency situations just cannot be avoided. Our government has thus rallied concerned
government and non-government agencies to formulate this plan in order to prevent looding,
mitigate their destructive effects and ensure the provision of assistance to those in need.
This Contingency Plan for flooding is intended to assist disaster management practitioners and
organizations to use contingency planning in the event of Flooding and to address the typical
issues of time constraint, enormous needs and complex coordination that hamper effective
emergency and disaster management. This CP provides recommendations on how to engage the
contingency planning for flood process in order to develop common strategies and approaches to
potential emergencies, as well as to translate the deliberations and results of this process in the
actual scenario of flooding.
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To assess the effectiveness of CP, the TWG mandated to standardize the CP process, updated the
CP Guidebook and simplified the associated forms and tools. The updated CP Guidebook will be
implemented as soon it is finalized by the technical members.
D. DEFINITION OF TERMS
Affected Population: a group of population who (1) lives in a disaster-affected-area and has
sustained direct
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(e.g., casualties and
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lost resources of livelihoods); (2) lives within the disaster-affected area and sustained indirect
disaster impacts (e.g., disruption of basic services); or (3) lives outside the disaster-affected area
and sustained secondary disaster impacts (e.g., increase in market costs).
Capacity: a combination of all strengths and resources available within a community, society or
organization that can reduce the level of risk, or effects of a disaster. Capacity may include
infrastructure and physical means, institutions, societal coping abilities, as well as human
knowledge, skills and collective attributes such as social relationships, leadership and
management. Capacity may also be described as capability.
Casualty: a person who is injured, killed, or gone missing as a result of an accident, mishap, or
disaster.
Civil Society Organization (CSOs): organized group of individuals, to include non-government
organizations, trade unions, faith-based organizations, indigenous people’s movements and
foundations, working together for a common goal.
Coordination: system for gathering information, decision making, and recording action that must
be clear and known to all.
Command and Control: exercise of authority and direction by the Incident Commander over
resources checked-in to accomplish the objectives.
Cluster: a group of agencies that gather to work together towards common objectives within a
particular sector or area of concern in emergency response. The NDRP enumerates the clusters at
the national level, the lead and member agencies, as well as their duties and responsibilities during
emergencies.
Cluster Approach: a coordination system of the NDRRMC that aims to ensure a more coherent
and effective response by mobilizing of agencies, organizations and non-government organizations
to respond in a strategic manner across all key sectors or areas of activity, each sector having a
clearly designated lead in support of existing government coordination structure and emergency
response mechanism.
Contingency Plan (CP): a scenario-based plan for a specific and projected natural and/or human-
induced hazard. It aims to address the impacts of the hazard to people, properties, and
environment; and/or to prevent the occurrence of the emerging threats through the arrangement of
timely, effective, appropriate, and well-coordinated responses as well as the efficient management
of resources.
Contingency Planning: a management process that analyzes specific potential events or emerging
situations that might threaten society or the environment and establishes arrangements in advance
to enable timely, effective and appropriate responses to such events and situations.
Crisis Management (CM): involves plans and institutional arrangement to engage and guide the
efforts of government, non-government, voluntary and private agencies in comprehensive and
coordinated ways to respond to the entire spectrum of crisis needs.
Crisis Management Committee (CMC): a governing body that undertakes CM activities and
takes decisive actions to resolve crisis or emergency. Its powers and functions are defined in the
NCMCM 2012.
Disaster: a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving
widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts, which exceeds the
ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources. Disasters are often
described as a result
Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office
of the combination
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of: the exposure to a hazard; the conditions of vulnerability that are present; and insufficient
capacity or measures to reduce or cope with the potential negative consequences. Disaster impacts
may include loss of life, injury, disease and other negative effects on human, physical, mental and
social well-being, together with damage to property, destruction of assets, loss of services, social
and economic disruption and environmental degradation.
Disaster Impacts: immediate consequences of a disaster requiring extra-ordinary response
Disaster Risk: the potential losses in lives, health status, livelihood, assets and services, which
could occur to a particular community or a society over some specified future time period.
Disaster Risk Reduction: the concept and practice of reducing disaster risks through systematic
efforts to analyze and manage the casual factors of disasters, including through reduced exposures
to hazards, lessened vulnerability of people and property, wise management of land and the
environment, and improved preparedness for adverse events.
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM): the systematic process of using
administrative directives, organizations, and operational skills and capabilities to implement
strategies, policies and improved coping capacities in order to lessen the adverse impacts of
hazards and the possibility of disaster. Prospective disaster risk reduction and management refers
to risk reduction and management activities that address and seek to avoid the development of new
or increased disaster risks, especially if risk reduction policies are not put in place.
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (DRRMC): organized and authorized body
of government agencies, to include the civil society organizations and private sector, mandated to
undertake DRRM activities from the national to local levels. The composition, powers and
functions of the DRRMC are defined in RA 10121.
Early Warning Signs: observable or science-based information that will indicate the unfolding of
an event or incident.
Emergency Indicators: quantifiable thresholds that signal whether a situation is under control
and whether there is a need for urgent remedial action.
Emergency Operations Center (EOC): a designated facility that is staffed and equipped with
resources to undertake multi-stakeholder coordination, manage information, and facilitate resource
mobilization in anticipation of and/or to support incident operations.
Exposure: the degree to which the elements at risk are likely to experience hazard events of
different magnitudes.
Goal: an observable and measurable end result having one or more objectives to be achieved
within a more or less fixed timeframe.
Hazard: a dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that may cause loss of
life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihood and services, social and
economic disruption, or environmental damage.
Human-Induced Hazard: a significant incident due to human interventions resulting in acts of
terrorism, destabilization, criminal activities, industrial accidents, disruption of normal day-to-day
activities, and other related emergencies that require prompt intervention to contain the incident,
mitigate the effects, and normalize the situation
Incident Command System (ICS): a standard, on scene, all hazard incident management concept
that can be used by all DRRMCs member agencies and response groups. It allows its users to
adopt an integrated
Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office organizational
structure to match
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the complexities and demands of single or multiple incidents without being hindered by agency or
jurisdictional boundaries.
Incident Management Team (IMT): a team composed of Command Staff and General Staff who
will take the lead in ICS implementation.
Mitigation: the lessening or limitation of the adverse impacts of hazards and related disasters.
Natural Hazard: natural process or phenomenon that may cause loss of life, injury or other health
impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption, or
environmental damage.
Need: a motivating force that compels action for its satisfaction, range from basic survival needs
satisfied by necessities, to cultural, intellectual, and social needs.
New Normal: characterized by the increasing frequency, magnitude and scope of disasters, as
well as the blurring of division between the disasters caused by natural and human-induced
hazards.
Objective: implementation step to attain identified goals. It is specific, measurable, has a defined
completion date, and outlines the “who, what, when, where, and how” of reaching the goals.
Pre-Disaster Risk Assessment (PDRA): a process to evaluate a hazard’s level of risk given the
degree of exposure and vulnerability in a specific area. PDRA presents the possible impacts to the
populace and for as a basis to determine the appropriate level of response actions from the national
level government agencies down to the local government units (LGUs). It is hazard-specific, area-
focused, and time bound method of assessment.
Post-Disaster Needs Assessment (PDNA): a multi-sectoral and multidisciplinary structured
approach for assessing disaster impacts and prioritizing recovery and reconstruction needs. It is
undertaken by the government agencies also in collaboration with international development
partners and the private sector.
Probability: frequency of occurrence or the return period of losses associated with hazardous
events.
Rapid Damage Assessment and Needs Analysis (RDANA): a disaster response tool that is used
immediately in the early emergency phase to determine the extent of impacts and asses the priority
needs of the communities.
Resources: machineries, manpower, methodology, materials, and monetary assets that can be
drawn on by an organization in order to function effectively.
Risk: the combination of the probability of an event and its negative consequences.
Risk Assessment: a methodology to determine the nature and extent of risk by analyzing potential
hazards and evaluating existing conditions of vulnerability that together could potentially harm
exposed people, property, services, livelihood and the environment on which they depend.
Root Causes: the underlying natural or human-induced sources of origins of the hazard.
Sector: distinct and large subdivision defined on the basis of some common factor.
State of Calamity: a condition involving mass casualty and/or major damages to property,
disruption of means of livelihoods, roads and normal way of life of people in the affected areas as
a result of the occurrence of natural or human-induced hazard.
Threat: an
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something
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undesirable coming; a person or thing as a likely cause of harm; refers to people, phenomena,
situations and trends in the environment that can adversely affect the welfare and well-being of the
people.
Triggering Factors: factors that could cause the unfolding of an event.
Vulnerability: the characteristics and circumstances of a community, system or asset that make it
susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard. Vulnerability my arise from various physical,
social, economic and environmental factors such as poor design and construction of buildings,
inadequate protection and assets, lack of public information and awareness, limited official
recognition of risks and preparedness measures, and disregard for wise environmental
management.
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E. ACRONYMS
CBMIS: Community-Based Management Information System
CLUP: Comprehensive Land Use Plan
CM: Crisis Management
CMC: Crisis Management Committee
CP: Contingency Planning
CSO: Civil Society Organization
DRR: Disaster Risk Reduction
DRRM: Disaster Risk Reduction Management
DRRMC: Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council
DRRMF: Disaster Risk Reduction Management Fund
EO: Executive Order
EOC: Emergency Operations Center
GAA: General Appropriations Act
HADR: Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Response
IMT: Incident Management Team
IC: Incident Commander
ICS: Incident Command System
IHA: International Humanitarian Assistance
INGO: International Non-Government Organization
IRR: Implementing Rules and Regulations
JMC: Joint Memorandum Circular
LDRRMF: Local Disaster Risk Reduction Management Fund
LGU: Local Government Unit
MC: Memorandum Circular
NCMCM: National Crisis Management Core Manual
NDRP: National Disaster Response Plan
NDRRMC: National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council
NGA: National Government Agency
NGO: Non-Government Organization
PDNA: Post-Disaster Needs Assessment
PDRA: Pre-
Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office Disaster Risk
Assessment
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The formulation of this is also embodied in various national and local issuances, policies,
programs and guidelines: as follows
NATIONAL
• Executive Order No. 82, s 2012: Operationalizing the Practical Guide for National Crisis
Managers and the National Crisis Management Core Manual; Establishing National and Local
Crisis Management Core Manual; Establishing national and Local Crisis Management
Organizations; and Providing Funds Therefor
• NDRRMC Memorandum No. 04, s 2012: Implementing Guidelines on the Use of Incident
Command System as an On-Scene Disaster Response and Management Mechanism under the
Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management System • NDRRMC Memorandum No. 23,
s 2014: National Disaster Response Plan for Hydro-meteorological hazards
• NDRRMC Memorandum No. 43, s 2016: Guidelines on the Interoperability of the Incident
Management Teams and Response Clusters
• NDRRMC Memorandum No. 44, s 2016: Guidelines on the Mobilization of Incident
Management Teams
• NDRRMC Memorandum No. 22, s 2017: NDRRMC National Disaster Response Plan for
Hydro-Meteorological, Earthquake, Tsunami, and Consequence Management for Terrorism
Related Incidents
• NDRRMC Memorandum No. 50, s 2017: Checklist of Actions and Milestones for Earthquake
Preparedness • Department of Budget and Management (DBM)-NDRRMC-DILG JMC 2013-1:
Allocation, Utilization of the Local Disaster Risk reduction and Management Fund
• NDRRMC-DILG-DBM-Civil Service Commission (CSC) JMC 2014-1: Implementing
Guidelines for the Establishment of Local DRRM Officers (LDRRMOs) or Barangay DRRM
Committees (BDRRMCs) in LGUs
• RA 11292: The Seal of Good Local Governance Act of 2019 an Act Establishing and
Institutionalizing the Seal of Good Local Governance for Local Government Units, and Allocating
for This Purpose the Seal of Good Local Governance Fund
• DILG Operation Listo
LOCAL
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Executive Order No. 001, s 2016 – An Executive Order Organizing the Provincial Disaster
Risk Reduction and Management Council (PDRRMC) of the Province of Cagayan. It is an
important step towards establishing a unified and comprehensive disaster risk reduction and
management system in the Province of Cagayan, aimed at reducing the risks and impacts of
disasters and ensuring the safety and well-being of its people.
Provincial Ordinance No. 03-2011 on April 27, 2011. An Ordinance Establishing the Provincial
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (PDRRMC), the Provincial Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management Office (PDRRMO) and providing funds thereof.
Caganda Cagayan Developmental Agenda 2016- 2025. A comprehensive plan that seeks to
promote sustainable development and improve the quality of life of the people of Cagayan. By
providing a strategic framework for development, the plan aims to guide the province towards a
more prosperous and sustainable future.
The Caganda Cagayan Developmental Agenda focuses on six (6) key development areas:
(1)Economic Development; (2)Social Development; (3)Environmental Management; (4)Disaster
Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation; (5)Good Governance and Transparency;
(6)Peace and Security.
Pre-emptive evacuation. Is one of the important strategies for disaster risk reduction in the
Province of Cagayan, which is prone to natural hazards such as typhoons, floods, and landslides.
The PDRRMC and LGUs work together to ensure that pre-emptive evacuation procedures are in
place and effectively implemented to protect the lives and properties of the people of Cagayan
during times of disaster.
Institutionalization of the use of Incident Command System. The institutionalization of the use
of ICS in Cagayan is an important step towards improving the effectiveness and efficiency of
emergency response activities in the province. By adopting a standardized and coordinated
approach to emergency management, the LGUs in Cagayan can better protect the lives and
properties of their constituents during times of crisis.
Institutionalization of the the Emergency Operations Center. Is also an important part of the
disaster risk reduction and management system in the Province of Cagayan, which is prone to
natural hazards such as typhoons, floods, and landslides. It allows for effective emergency
response and contributes to the protection of lives and properties during times of disaster.
G. ECOLOGICAL PROFILE
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the province making it an enormous valley. The Province of Cagayan occupies the lower basin of the
Cagayan River, the country’s longest river making all the waters from the Cagayan River, its major
tributaries and connected natural drainages run through the middle of the province. The Cagayan River
meanders slightly diagonal from south to north, nourishing the vast agricultural lands in its course and
serves as the primary source of water for irrigation out to the Balintang Channel.
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b) Political Subdivision
The Province of Cagayan is politically subdivided into three congressional districts. It consists of
one component city (Tuguegarao City) and 28 municipalities comprising 820 barangays (Map I–
2). Of the 28 municipalities, four are categorized as first class, another four as second class, and
eight as third class, ten as fourth class and two as fifth class. Based on the income classification
used by the Department of Budget and Management, the Province of Cagayan is a first-class
province.
Land Area
The Province of Cagayan, including the Babuyan Group of Islands, has an aggregate land area of
approximately 9,003 km2 or 900,270 hectares, constituting 3% of the total land area of the
Philippines. Among the five provinces in Region 02, it ranks second to the Province of Isabela in
terms of size. Among the municipalities in Cagayan, Peñablanca has the largest land area with
1,193 km2 which accounts for 13% of the Province's total land area. Peñablanca is followed by the
municipality of Baggao with 920 km2, and Gattaran with 707 km2. The municipality with the
smallest land area is Sta. Teresita with only 25 km2. (See Tab I.)
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Table I.A-1 Municipal Land Area
Percentage
Municipality Land Area (km2)
Share
The gently sloping and moderately sloping lands constitute 6.08% and 13.48% of the total land
area of the province, respectively, with the level land enclosing the plains of rivers and creeks (See
Slope Map in the succeeding page). These form the various dales or valleys found in the province.
Most of the rolling land to moderately steep areas which account for 17.7% of the province’s total
land area are found in the foothills of the Sierra Madre and the Cordillera Mountain Ranges.
Steep and very steep areas which constitute 10.44% and 24.73% of the Province’s total land area,
respectively, are found along the Cordillera, some parts of Sta. Praxedes, Claveria, Sanchez Mira,
Pamplona, Lasam, Santo Nino, and Rizal and the eastern parts of Santa Ana, Gonzaga, Lal-lo,
Gattaran, Baggao and Penablanca which actually is part of the Sierra Mountain Ranges (See
Elevation Map in the succeeding page).
The Babuyan Group of Islands which includes the islands of Calayan, Babuyan Claro, Dalupiri,
Balintang, and Camiguin, has a mixture of flat to nearly level land and steep to very steep slopes
fringed with extensive coral reefs. Four volcanoes are found here namely, Mount Didicas, Mount
Smith, Camiguin de
Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office Babuyanes and
Mount Pangasun in
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Babuyan Claro. Mount Cagua is another volcano located in the mainland of the Province found in
the municipality of Gonzaga.
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Cagayan has abundant water resources. This includes the Philippine territorial waters in the
Balintang Channel and in the Pacific Ocean within its 15km municipal waters, and the various
river systems including the lower Cagayan River, its tributaries, and other natural drainages.
Cagayan is also blessed with local and productive aquifers at 12-90 meters which are recharged
continually especially in areas with alluvial bedrock where permeability is high. This is true to a
large portion of Cagayan (see Figure I-5, Aquifer Map in the succeeding page). It is along these
river systems and water sources that settlements usually are established. The north-easternmost tip
of the Philippines are the coastal municipalities of the province namely; Santa Praxedes, Claveria,
Sanchez Mira, Pamplona Abulug, Ballesteros, Aparri, Buguey, Santa Teresita, Gonzaga, and Santa
Ana. A few communities, which are basically offshoots of the logging industry, are situated in the
windward side of the Sierra Madre including Penablanca, Baggao, Gattaran, and Lallo. There are
also a number of island communities interspersed in the Babuyan Group of Islands.
Several rivers can be found in the province and seven of these are major river systems in terms of
length and size (Figure I-6, Wetlands and Inland Waters Map). The seven major river systems
include the lower Cagayan River which drains Cagayan Valley River Basin, Pared, Dummun,
Pinacanauan de Tuguegarao, and Baua River in the eastern part; and Abulug and Chico River in
the western part. The Sierra Madre Mountain range is the major watershed area of those rivers in
the eastern part while the Cordillera Mountain range is the watershed area of the rivers at the
western part. These river systems are the source of water supply to the numerous existing
irrigation facilities and water utilities in the Province. Various Small Water Impounding Projects
(SWIPs) were constructed, or are being constructed, to take advantage of these bounties of nature.
It can also be harnessed for mini-dams, mini-hydro and eco-tourism development.
Siltation has been observed in some portions of the lower Cagayan River especially in the river
mouth draining towards the Balintang Channel. Siltation is also beginning to become a problem in
the four major river tributaries and low water levels are observed during summer seasons but more
especially during El Niño phenomenon.
Wetlands including mangrove areas are also found in the province particularly in the coastal
municipalities of Sta Ana, Aparri, Sanchez Mira, Abulug, and Buguey (refer to Figure I-6,
Wetlands and Inland Waters Map). The most prominent is the Buguey wetland not only because of
its size, but more so, because it is known as an important migratory stopover of migrating birds
from Taiwan and China.
Most of these wetland areas are heavily degraded due to the pressure from local communities
living around these areas – a major reason of which is the uncontrolled conversion of these areas
into fishponds.
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Geological Feature
The bedrock foundation of the slopes of Cagayan is Miocene to Pliocene sedimentary bedding
(formed around 7 to 25 million years ago) which includes shale, sandstone, siltstone and
limestone. Fossilized corals and other marine organisms are present in the bedding indicating
uplifting of areas which were once parts of the seabed. The Sierra Madres and the foothills of the
Cordilleras, however, have Cretaceous bedding (formed in the Mesozoic era some 135 million
years ago) made of very extensive volcanic rocks composed mainly of coarse-grained igneous
rocks.
The lower relief areas of the province, found mainly along the rivers and creeks, have a bedding
made of recent alluvium (Quaternary to Recent, formed some 0.01 to 2.5 million years ago).
Composed of unconsolidated clay, silt, sand, gravel, and cobble with occasional boulders derived
from the weathering and erosion of pre-existing rocks deposited in the floodplains, riverbeds and
riverbanks, and valleys and valley floor.
Interspersed between the recent alluvium and the slopes are interlocking patches of Miocene
bedrock formation of lava flows of pyroclastic basalt-andesite series. A patch of Quaternary to
Recent igneous formation of pyroclastic rocks is found in Gonzaga in the vicinity of Mount Cagua
– the only active volcano in mainland Cagayan. It is composed mainly of volcanic ash, sand and
boulders. Pyroclastic and quaternary volcanic materials are also found in the Babuyan group of
islands; strips of the only recent alluvium in the islands are found along the seashore. These
bedrock foundations are quite expected due to its proximity to the Pacific Ocean and to the Pacific
Rim of Fire, one of earth’s great belts of active volcanoes. Large deposits of magnetite sands,
which are volcanic in origin, are also found along the Cagayan River and the coastal areas near the
mouth of the river (See Figure I-6, Geologic Map, below).
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On the whole, the province is spared from major fault lines. Only the protruding west portion of
the town of Rizal along the Cordilleras falls along the Digdig Fault, which is considered the
country’s most active fault lines. There are, however, two minor faults found in Cagayan, namely,
Dummun Fault in Gattaran and Taboan Fault in Baggao (see Figure II-20, Faultline’s and
Volcanic Hazard Map
Mineral Resources
Cagayan is rich in mineral and non-mineral resources, although some have not yet been verified
and quantified (See Table I.E, 2 and Figure I-8, Mineral Map).
Mining of metals in Cagayan started in the late 1980s in Gonzaga. Gold, magnetite sand, iron ore,
manganese, nickel, and chromite are among the metallic minerals which could be found in the
province. In recent years, the extraction of magnetite sand has become a major commercial
activity in Cagayan – whereby at least 49 Industrial Permits were issued by MGB for its
extraction.
The non-metallic resources found in the province are sand and gravel, limestone, guano, pebbles,
and clay.
Of the verified and quantified metallic minerals, iron is most abundant in Sanchez Mira having the
highest volume in iron ore reserves. Of the non-metallic mineral resources, clay is the most
abundant with reserves in Enrile, Iguig, and Calamaniugan. Below is the table describing the
mineral resources of Cagayan.
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Metallic
Iron lump,
sedimentary type
Claveria 21,000
Camalaniugan 1,880,000
Gonzaga 1,770,290
Ballesteros 2,100,000
Pamplona 20,000
Non-metallic
Clay
Enrile 5,600,000
Source: DENR-MGB
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d) Climate
As can be seen in Figure I-9 below, Cagayan has three types of climates: Type II near the Apayao
Provincial Boundary and Babuyan Group of Islands; Type III in most of the valley floors; and
Type IV in the eastern side of the Sierra Madre Mountains and those that are within the Cordillera
Mountain near the Ilocos Norte Provincial Boundary and parts of Allacapan, Ballesteros and
Aparri near the Apayao Provincial Boundary.
Type II climate prevails over most of Claveria, Sanchez Mira, Pamplona, and Abulug and portion
of Santa Praxedes. It is relatively dry from November to April and wet during the rest of the year.
The rest of the province, which is actually the central portion consisting of the valley floors
experience Type III climate. The southwest monsoon brings heavy rainfall as it blows over the
mountains in the months of June to October, sometimes extending to the early part of November.
Being sheltered by the Sierra Madre Mountain Range, prevailing winds are from north and
northwest in the valley floors of Cagayan. This part of the province is driest in the months of
February to March.
Type IV climate prevails over the eastern parts of Santa Ana, Gonzaga, Lal-lo, Gattaran, Baggao,
and Peñablanca due to the influence of the Sierra Madre Mountains; and south-western portions of
Santa Praxedes, western portions of Claveria as well as in some parts of Ballesteros, Allacapan
and Aparri due primarily to the effects of the Cordillera Mountains. Rainfall is evenly distributed
throughout the year mainly because of the northeast trade winds. This enhances the suitability of
these areas to planting various upland crops adapted to this climate type.
January 5 9 5 14 100 1 6 7
February 4 7 11 13 11 0 3 6
March 5 4 8 6 3 4 1 5
April 4 6 0 5 6 5 2 2
May 7 14 13 19 16 13 11 2
June 14 8 12 7 19 7 6 11
July 15 17 18 18 21 8 13 14
August 13 11 18 19 16 9 11 13
September 14 8 14 14 13 13 12 8
October 14 14 14 22 11 10 22 13
November 10 9 15 19 16 21 13 10
December 15 17 23 13 17 10 19 8
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Table I.A-6. Monthly Relative Humidity in Cagayan, 2014-2021
Month 2014 2015 20 201 20 2019 2020 2021
16 7 18
Demographics
Cagayan’s population density (2015) of 129 persons per square kilometer, ranked 59 out of 81.
These following demographic analyses used the complete and more detailed 2020 official census.
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Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office The fastest growing
city/municipalities
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in Cagayan in terms of annual population growth rate between 2015-2022 is the Municipality of
Lallo with an average of 1.93 %, followed by the Municipality of Sta. Ana with an average of
1.72%, Tuguegarao City ranked third with an average of 1.70%, Municipality of Iguig ranked 4 th
with an average of 1.6% while the Municipality of Solana ranked 5th with an average of 1.47%.
The slowest growing city/municipalities in Cagayan in terms of annual population growth rate
between 2015-2022 is the Municipality of Ballesteros with an average of 0.12 %, followed by the
Municipality of Camalaniugan with an average of 0.26%, Municipality of Enrile ranked third with
an average of 0.51%, Municipality of Sta. Ana ranked 4 th with an average of 0.58% while the
Municipality of Peñablanca ranked 5th with an average of 0.73%.
Total population of Cagayan increased at the rate of 1.19% annually. Based on the 2020 Census of
Population (POPCEN), the Province of Cagayan posted as of July 7, 2021 a total population of
1,268,603 persons in 2020. This is 69,283 persons more than its total population of 1,199,320
persons in 2015. The increase in the total population counts from 2015 to 2020 translated into an
average annual population growth rate (PGR) of 1.19 percent. This is lower than the 1.23 percent
annual PGR of the province between the census years 2015.
If the average annual PGR recorded at 1.19 percent during the period 2015 to 2020 continues, the
total population of Cagayan would double in approximately 57 years.
Tuguegarao City, the provincial capital, was the most populous area with 166,344 among the lone
City and 28 municipalities comprising the Province of Cagayan, Tuguegarao City, the provincial
capital, was the most populous with a population size making up 13.11 percent of the total
provincial population 2020. The municipalities of Solana came in second, with 88,445 or 7%,
third is the Municipality Baggao with 87,853 or 6.9 percent share respectively followed by the
municipalities of Aparri with with 68, 839 or 5.4 percent and Tuao with 63, 970 or 5.0 percent.
The rest of the municipalities contributed less than 5.0 percent each.
The top least populated area as to the City/Municipalities of Cagayan was the municipality of
Santa Praxedes with 4,434 or 0.3% percent share of the total population of the province. It was
also the least populated area. Municipality of Calayan ranked second with17, 410, Municipality of
Rizal ranked third with 19,007, Sta. Terseita ranked fourth with 19,573, while Municipality of
Pamplona ranked fifth with 24, 781.
The top 5 most populous Barangays are all located in the City of Tuguegarao and the Muncipality
of Aparri namely (ranked in order); Barangays’s Ugac Sur, Cataggaman Nuevo, Ugac Norte and
Caggay, Tugeugarao City and Brangay Maura of the Muncipality Aparri while the top 5 least
populous Branagays in Cagayan is located in the Barangay’s of (Ranked in order); Fugu- Gattaran,
Centro15- Aparri, San Roque- Sto. Niño, Minanga -Rizal, and Centro 3 of Aparri
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Growth Characteristics
Correlating with their densities, the municipalities considered as fast and slow growing with
corresponding high and low densities are shown by the matrix below:
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From the above matrix, it is expected that high density and fast-growing municipalities are
experiencing strong economic growth which will also encourage in-migration. Tuguegarao City
most especially welcomed investors and open many establishments that offered thousands of job
opportunity making it the LGU with the highest population density.
At present, Municipality of Iguig opened establishments for home and construction depots, and
welcomed branches for automotive companies and warehouses. The Municipality of Abulug
reclassified lots from agricultural to commercial and economic zones in Libertad Abulug sharing
costumers from the Province of Apayao while Dugo in Camalanugan is also experiencing
economic growth due to continuous growing commercial establishments contrary to the
Municipalities of Solana and Aparri who experienced a decline of competitiveness due of the
Municipality’s characteristic of being rural by nature.
The Municipalities with Low Density of Population yet experienced an increase as to density are
the Municipalities from Calayan, Peñablanca, Sta.Praxedes, Sto. Niño, Lallo, Sta. Ana, Gattaran
and Sta. Teresita. The opening of some tourist spots in these areas affected and contributed to the
increase and migration of some locals to these municipalities. Municipality of Calayan opened an
airport making the island accessible to tourist, Sta. Praxedes also opened an access road to one of
the barangays in their coastal area with white beach located at Kimansir Cove, Mingay, Sta.
Praxedes inviting travels to visit their municipality, Peñablanca also opened an access road going
the newly developed ecotourism spot the Gabur-Gabur Falls and roads going to Callao River.
Roads going to Baggao were also developed encouraging settlements.
At present the provincial government is now developing an eco-tourism spot in the Callao
Penablnca, Gattaran and Calayan while The LGU of Sto.Nino invested Millions of Pesos
developing their Biuag and Malana Park and viewing deck offering recreational-activities such as
zip-line, cable car and etc. The Coastal Municipalities of Sta Ana and Sta. Teresita also opened
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and developed establishments along the coast. The municipalities of Gonzaga and Baggao were
the municipalities who experienced decline due to the limited activity.
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7. Village
(Tertiary Urban Center)
<2,500
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Poverty Incidence
From 2009-2021, the poverty incidence among families, magnitude of poor families and the
Poverty Incidence among population increases while the Magnituden of poor pollution was on a
decline with 2.22%. . This information is important since this will serve as a basis in determining
the susceptibility levels of the population to the different hazards. For the succeeding discussion
in the vulnerability of the population to certain hazard, the poverty incidence among population
in 2021 will serve as the major factor in identifying the most vulnerable percentage of the
affected population.
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H. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
The PDRRMO Research and Planning Division of conducted Hazard, Vulnerability, Risk
and Analysis through the assistance of the Climate Change Program Office. These are the
Hydro-Meteorological and and Geological Hazards present in the Municipalities
provincewide.
All of the municipality are exposed to Tropical Cyclone, Flooding, Drought, Ground
Shaking and Liquefaction while other hazards differ depending on the geographical
location. Up-land municipalities are more likely to experience rain and earthquake induced
landslides and coastal municipalities are more like to experienced storm surge and tsunami
while the municipalities of Calayan and Gonzaga are more likely to be highly exposed with
volcanic eruption due to the existence of volcanoes in their municipality.
The Risk Profile of the different Hydro-Meteorological and Geological Hazard was also
processed. The summary as to the Total Residential Area, Exposed Area, and Percentage
exposed and degree of exposure was presented as follows:
Out of the twelve (12) hazards indicated, two (2) hazards appear to be very high in
exposure which are liquefaction and ground shaking, two (2) were highly exposed which
are Flood- 25 and 100 Return Period, one (1) is moderately exposed which is Flood -5
Year Return Period, three (3) were Low in exposure which are Rain-Induced Landslide,
Tsunami and volcanic eruption, four (4) were Very Low which are Storm Surges I-IV.
Though these natural hazards were identified, the Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Office does not only cater to natural hazards such as the hazards mentioned
above. This also caters man-made hazards such armed conflict/terrorism, biological/health
hazards epidemic and hazardous materials, and technological hazards such as road crashed
and fire. To differentiate the hazards, present in our province the following hazards were
characterized as to its existence. Historical occurrence was also included to support and
give data of evidences as to its probability, impact and consequence analysis.
31.99 High
Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office
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I. HAZARD CHARACTERIZATION
A. HYDRO-METEOROLOGICAL HAZARDS
1. Tropical Cyclone
A tropical cyclone is a rapid rotating storm originating over tropical oceans from where it
draws the energy to develop. It has a low-pressure centre and clouds spiraling towards the
eyewall surrounding the "eye", the central part of the system where the weather is normally
calm and free of clouds. Its diameter is typically around 200 to 500 km, but can reach 1000
km. A tropical cyclone brings very violent winds, torrential rain, high waves and, in some
cases, very destructive storm surges and coastal flooding. The winds blow
counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere.
Tropical cyclones above a certain strength are given names in the interests of public safety.
Tropical Cyclones in the Philippines can occur any time of the year, with the months of
June to September being most active, with August being the most active individual month
and May the least active. Approximately 20 tropical cyclones enter the Philippine area of
responsibility yearly, an area which incorporates parts of the Pacific Ocean, the South
China Sea, and the Philippine Archipelago (with the exception of Tawi-Tawi province). In
each year, ten cyclones are usually expected to be typhoons, with five having the potential
to be destructive ones. According to a 2013, Time Magazine article, the Philippines is "the
most exposed country in the world to tropical storms". Out of an average 20 Tropical
Cyclone in a year that enters the country, an average of 2 to 4 tropical cyclones enters the
Province of Cagayan, 2 to 3 of which are destructive.
The Province is highly susceptible to to Tropical Cyclones. All of the City/municipalities
province-wide experienced Tropical Cyclones. This means the projected areas in the next
10 years. Based on this information, the impact of cyclones must be considered in all
phases of the project, in particular during design and construction. Project planning
decisions, project design, and construction methods should take into account the level of
cyclone hazard. Note that damages can not only occur due to wind but also cyclone
induced heavy rainfall and subsequent flooding as well as coastal floods in coastal areas.
Further detailed information should be obtained to adequately account for the level of
hazard.
Global average tropical cyclone wind speed and rainfall is likely to increase in the future,
and the global average frequency of tropical cyclones is likely to decrease or remain
unchanged. It is possible that the frequency of the most intense tropical cyclones will
increase substantially in some ocean regions (IPCC, 2013). The present hazard level in
areas currently affected by tropical cyclones may increase in the long-term. Projects
located in such areas should be robust to future increases in cyclone hazard.
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Historical Occurrence:
Tropical cyclone also left most devastation in the lives and properties of the community.
Based on the historical records. One of the most destructive and strongest tropical cyclones
ever noted in the Philippines was Severe Tropical Storm “LAWIN” with international
name “HAIMA”. It affected 28 out of the 29 municipalities in the province. Agriculture,
Infrastructure damages went up to 4.2 billion pesos aside from residential houses and
livelihood of the populace. There were 24,645 totally damaged houses reported with one
hundred seventeen (117) casualty’s six (6) of which are dead and one-hundred eleven (11)
were injured.
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Table I. A-13 Records of Previous Disasters associated with Tropical Cyclone, Flooding and Rain-induced Landslides
Hazard/ No. of Affected No. of Affected Incident Injured Missing Death Damages
Date Mun. Brgy. Families Individuals Reported
Super Typhoon Lawin 29 4000 201,549 856,243 111 5 Agriculture:
Nov. 22, 2016 Rice: 65,753.4 HA
P4,346,837,100.00
Corn: 9,070.0 HA
P434,590,087.00
HVCC: 3,107.0 HA
P66,613,500.00
Fisheries: 551.13 HA
P143,632,150.00
Livestock:
60,000 heads drowned
(Carabao, chicken, goat cattle)
P7,000,000.00
Infrastructure:
P6,767,867,605.09
Sept. 15, 2016 3 15 470 1,706
TY “FERDIE”
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83 houses damaged
Sept. 28, 2018 29 813 243,760 953,461 25 6 Agriculture:
TY “OMPONG”
Corn:
53,432.55 HA
P3,237,606,197.90
Rice:
91,960.65 HA
P2,384,106,902.25
Assorted vegetables:
322.00 HA
P163,821,250.00
Fishery:
P4,605,000.00
Livestock:
P6,194,000.00
Vegetables:
21,185 HA
Jan. 7, 2019
Effects of Northeast Agriculture:
Monsoon Corn:
9 municipalities
4,964.45 HA
P39,509,275.64
Rice:
6 municipalities
8,584 HA
P42,158,973.73
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Infrastructure:
Damage Houses: 54
Eroded roads:
P378,000,000.00
Irrigation:
P1,131,000,000,00
Bridges and roads:
P124,915,000
Nov. 22, 2019 22 200 5,204 16,347 Agriculture:
TD “RAMON” Rice:
TS “SARAH” P19,845,200.00
Livestock:
P1,419,550.00
Infrastructure:
P597,500,000.00
Dec. 10, 2019 25 302 56,951 218,538 Agriculture:
Northeast Monsoon P43,607,977
and Tail end of a cold Livestock:
front P2,546,005.00
enhance by TY Infrastructure:
“TISOY” P582,320,000.00
Oct. 29,2020 Effects 2 4 160 611 Landslide Agriculture:
of TY “PEPITO” Patunungan, Sta. Rice:
Ana Cagayan, P181,342,786.68
Corn:
Fallen Trees along P4,066,522.00
road of Vegetables:
Brgy. Teresa, Lallo, P7,260,020.00
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P4,350,000.00
Nov.4, 2020 1 1 3 10
Super Typhoon
“ROLLY”
Nov. 28, 2020 27 495 115,916 428,052 Landslide/Erosion 15 13 Agriculture:
Effects of TY Pamplona Rice:
“ULYSSES” Centro P391,091,962.00
Allasitan, Corn:
Gaddang P50,380,996.00
Centro 7 Vegetables:
Centro10 P5,888,000.00
Bangag Fisheries:
Dodan P18,498,064.00
Landslide Infrastructure:
Sinarag Appari P2,795,058,000.00
Landslide Bicud,
Lal-lo
Landslide River
bank, Centro 2
Lasam
Collapsed
concrete
perimeter fence of
Magsaysay Elem.
School
drowning Baculod
Alcala Cagayan.
Electrocution
Pared Alcala
Cagayan.
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Dec. 27, 2020 14 125 10,607 36,386 Dec. 18, 2020 at 1 2 Agriculture:
Effects of Northeast 3:30 Corn:
Monsoon/ Tail end of PM, Drowning P83,103,875.00
a Frontal System Incident San Rice:
Enhanced by TD Vicente, Sta ana. P34,999,272.00
“VICKY” Landslide Assassi, Livestock:
Baggao Cagayan. P10,406,970.00
Infrastructure:
P2,873,318,000.00
Jan. 3, 2021 4 13 576 2021 1
Effects of Tail end of
a Frontal system/
Northeast Monsoon
Sept. 12, 2021 16 99 1,788 5,548 Stranded Claveria Agriculture:
Effects of TY to Fuga island Rice:
“KIKO” Bara 10 Ind. P32,269,536.00
Stranded Corn:
Claveria to Calayan P1,541,920.80
13 Ind. Livestock:
P150,000.00
Stranded Fisheries:
Macanaya Aparri P125,896.00
35 ind. Infrastructure:
P20,930,000.00
Total: 58
Oct.22, 2021 21 162 12,586 49,845 Flooding in 21 1 3 Agriculture:
STS “MARING” Municipalities Rice:
P19,383,728.00
Land slide Corn:
Gonzaga (Santa P18,201,600.00
Clara Vegetables:
Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office P2,482,500.00
Lal-lo (Zone 7 Fisheries:
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Loga) P6,827,000.00
Livestock:
P5,408,235.00
Infrastructure:
P64,013,063.00
Aug.31,2022 21 224 6,875 23,340 Landslide in 3 1 Agriculture:
STS “FLORITA” . Dodan-Patagueleg Rice:
Road, Sitio P45,407,965.00
Danna,Manga Corn:
(Penablanca) P964,614,365.00
Fisheries:
P4,471,758.30
Livestock:
P4,503,965.00
Infrastructure:
P9,399,000.00
Oct.15, 2022 14 150 8,730 33,432 Flash flood in Lallo 2 Agriculture:
Effects of TD Lalafugan, Rice:
“MAYMAY” Allacapan Da-an ili P133,158,476.20
Corn:
Landslide in P364,275.00
Allacapan Livestock:
Capanikian Norte P143,600.00
that evacuated 1
fam. Infrastructure:
P30,000,000.00
Oct.20, 2022 18 286 44,087 153,684 Vehicular Accident Agriculture:
Effects of TY Centro 1 Sanchez Rice:
“NENENG” Mira P399,999,634.80
Corn:
Landslide: P2,660,314.00
Penablanca, Fisheries:
Claveria, Pamplona, P28,606,130.16
Sto. Nino, Sta Ana, Livestock:
&Rizal P4,018,118.00
Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office
Infrastructure:
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P39,000,000.00
Oct.23,2022 8 49 6,818 22,526 2
Effects of TD
“OBET”
Drowning incident
retrieved body as of
Nov. 1, 2022
Drowning incident-
rescued 3 victims as
of Nov. 2, 2022 in
Agani Alcala
Cagayan.
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Reflected in this table are the summary of the total number of affected municipalities, barangays, families, individuals and damages to agriculture and
infrastructure. It also shows other hazards associated to the weather disturbances such landslide and fire and other disasters.
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2. Flooding
A flood is an overflow of water (or rarely other fluids) that submerges land that is usually dry. In the
sense of "flowing water", the word may also be applied to the inflow of the tide. Flooding may occur
as an overflow of water from water bodies, such as a river, lake, or ocean, in which the water
overtops or breaks levees, resulting in some of that water escaping its usual boundaries, or it may
occur due to an accumulation of rainwater on saturated ground in an areal flood. While the size of a
lake or other body of water will vary with seasonal changes in precipitation and snow melt, these
changes in size are unlikely to be considered significant unless they flood property or drown domestic
animals.
Flooding in Cagayan is considered as a natural occurrence due to the geo-physical characteristics of
the province. The Province of Cagayan is bordered by mountains running from North to South on its
East to West ramparts that is crisscrossed by rivers. The Cagayan River, also known as the Rio de
Grande Cagayan is said to be the longest, largest and widest river in the country. The location of the
mouth of the river covers the Babuyan Channel, Cagayan and empties at the Aparri Estuary. In
Aparri, Cagayan River waters enter at the ocean at Babuyan Channel of the Luzon Strait. Small
streams and rivers from the other neighboring provinces of Cagayan meet other streams and rivers
from the province and flows to the Cagayan River. Its tributaries, the Pinacanauan River in the
Southeast, Zinundungan and Matalag Rivers in the West, Chico River in the Southwest, Pata and
Abulug Rivers in the Northwest, Buguey and Cabicungan Rivers in the Northeast and others are the
Dummun and Pared Rivers. The river passes through one of the few remaining primary forests in the
country and its biodiversity is remarkable. It supports the lives of numerous endemic and endangered
species from the forest.
Cagayan is one of the provinces in the Philippines who frequently experienced flooding each year. As
a consequence, twenty-eight (28) out of twenty-nine (29) Municipalities are vulnerable to flooding.
Based, from the flood susceptibility map with 5-year return period, 20.14% of the total land area of
the province is vulnerable to flooding, categorizing the province as moderately susceptible to flood.
However, in the 25–100-year return period the occurrence of flood is like to increase due to the
effects of climate change. The whole province by then will be categorized as highly susceptible.
Settlement pattern should be taken into account is planning for this hazard. The location of the
settlement explains the vulnerability of the population, natural resources, critical facilities, lifeline
utilities, and urban use. Early settlements ahs been traced to its close proximity to the rivers where the
water is essential for their household use, agricultural production, source of living and transportation.
In effect, infrastructure development is re-active in these areas due to the sociolect-cultural believes
and lifestyle patterns. People are non-compliant to the no build zones. Thus, infrastructure in these
areas is also at risk.
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Historical Occurrence:
Flooding has been the number one catastrophe that the Philippines are taking even from the early
times. Furthermore, the Philippine’s Geographical structure, being an archipelago increase the
potentials of storm formation that produces heavy rains. For the last ten years there have been over 60
reported major floods in the Philippines.
Flood is the most frequent type of natural disaster and occurs when an overflow of water submerges
land that is usually dry. Province of Cagayan have experienced 7 disasters brought by natural hazards
by 2022, 2 by 2021 and. These accounts of natural hazards may become higher in the next years if
Climate Change escalates for worst.
The province (Cagayan) located in the Cagayan Valley Region and the North-eastern tip of Luzon, is
one of the areas hit the hardest in flooding. Typhoon Ulysses has brought the worst flooding history
in the Region.
On November 2020, as per Terminal Report of the PDRRMC on the Effects of Tail-end of a Cold
Front enhanced by TY “ULYSSES” (Vamco), has brought massive flooding in the low-lying areas of
the province. Intermittent heavy rains experienced in the nearby provinces have accumulated large
volume of water that made the Lower Cagayan River reached its peak to 13.3 meters in Buntun
Gauging Station which was considered above the critical level of 11 to 12 meters.
The Province was declared Under State of Calamity as per “Resolution No. 2020-10-768 due to the
effects of Typhoon Ulysses which has caused widespread flooding and/or flashfloods, landslides and
erosion of riverbanks affecting the City of Tuguegarao and 22 other Municipalities. The PDRRMC
authorizes the use of Quick Response Fund under the Local Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Investment Plan (LDRRMIP) for CY 2020 to fund immediate relief and rehabilitative
measures of the province.
Incidents of rain-induced, landslides/soil erosion were also experienced in the eight (8) Municipalities
which were considered vulnerable to said hazard. Amongst were the Municipalities of Baggao, Rizal,
Lasam, Sta. Praxedes, Lal-lo, Allacapan, Tuao and Sta. Ana.Total cases of 38 casualties’ breakdown
as follows: 23 dead and 15 injured, caused by drowning, landslide incident and electrocution.
The flooding accumulated a total affected population of 115, 926 families with 428,052 individuals of
which 51,139 families with 174,954 individuals stayed in the Evacuation Centers while some stayed
in their relatives and neighbours for several days. The estimated cost of damages for both Agriculture
and Infrastructure amounts to ₱3,381,323,992.24.
Records of Previous Flooding (See: History of Previous Disaster for tropical Cyclone)
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Historical of Occurrence
There are 18 Municipalities prone to landslides that are very high and high vulnerability zones and
these are as follows; Alcala, Allacapan, Baggao, Calayan, Claveria, Enrile, Gattaran, Gonzaga, Iguig,
Lal-lo, Lasam, Peñablanca, Rizal, Sta. Ana, Sta. Praxedes, Sto. Niño, Solana and Tuguegaro City.
Also, incidents of rain-induced, landslides/soil erosion were also experienced in the eight (8)
Municipalities which were considered vulnerable to said hazard. Amongst were the Municipalities of
Baggao, Rizal, Lasam, Sta. Praxedes, Lal-lo, Allacapan, Tuao and Sta. Ana. In the past three years
the frequency of occurrence of rain-induced landslide in the municipalities of Baggao, Sta. Ana, Rizal
and Sta. Praxedes were recorded. On November 7, 2017, two (2) casualties were reported dead after
the convergence of northeast monsoon and the tail end of a cold front. In 2022, road block was
reported in Sta. Praxedes in the national road linking Cagayan to Ilocos Norte due to heavy rains
induced by Severe Tropical Storm Neneng.
Due to the disturbances brought about by tropical cyclones and Monsoons that visited the province
rain-induced landslide is inevitable.
In 2022, the succession of the three Tropical Cyclones; Rolly, Rosita and Ulysses associated with
Northeast monsoon that brought about flood water from the steep slope of the province Landslides in
Claveria, Lallo, Lasam, Rizal, Gattaran, Allacapan, Penablanca, Piat, and Sta. Praxedes were
reported.
Records of Previous Rain-indcued Landslide (See: History of Previous Disaster for tropical
Cyclone)
4. Drought
Drought is a prolonged dry period in the natural climate cycle that can occur anywhere in the world.
It is a slow-onset
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disaster characterized
by the lack of
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precipitation, resulting in a water shortage. Drought can have a serious impact on health, agriculture,
economies, energy and the environment.
An estimated 55 million people globally are affected by droughts every year, and they are the most
serious hazard to livestock and crops in nearly every part of the world. Drought threatens people’s
livelihoods, increases the risk of disease and death, and fuels mass migration. Water scarcity impacts
40% of the world’s population, and as many as 700 million people are at-risk of being displaced as a
result of drought by 2030.
Rising temperatures caused by climate change are making already dry regions drier and wet regions
wetter. In dry regions, this means that when temperatures rise, water evaporates more quickly, and
thus increases the risk of drought or prolongs periods of drought.
The occurrence of drought is heavily influenced by the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and its
warm and dry phase, El Nino (Villafuerte et al. 2014). During an El Nino phase the sea surface
temperatures are warmer than normal over the eastern equatorial Pacific, leading to above average
rainfall in the eastern pacific and below average rainfall over the western Pacific including the
Philippines (Salinger et al. 2014). In the Philippines the El Nino events are associated with the late
onset and early finish of the rainy season, weak monsoons and less tropical cyclone activity
(Lansigan et al. 2000), and drier than normal conditions between October to December (Figure 6)
which can sometimes carry through to June. These El Nino-driven drier than normal conditions have
occurred throughout the Philippines (Figure 6), but the southern parts of the country (Mindanao) are
particularly affected (Figure 7). The year-to-year variability of the ENSO can be modulated by the
Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) characterised by decade-long anomalies in sea surface temperature
in the northern Pacific. Although climate anomalies caused by ENSO can potentially be enhanced (or
weakened) when the ENSO and PDO are in phase (or out of phase), further research is needed to
better understand these relationships (Villarin et al. 2016) Recent analysis of climate data across the
Philippines has shown an increase in annual mean temperatures of 0.65 oC over the period 1951-
2010, with the rate of increase growing in the last 30 years (Villarin et al. 2016). Over the same
period there is also an increasing significant trend in the number of hot days (maximum temperature
above 99th percentile) and a decreasing significant trend in the number of cold nights relative to
normal values for 1971-2000 (Villarin et al. 2016). The recent trends in daily rainfall suggest a drying
for the dry season (January–March), as indicated by statistically significant decreasing trends in wet
days total rainfall and increasing trends in maximum length of dry spell (Villafuerte et al. 2014).
Historical Occurrence:
There have been 12 droughts recorded since 1968 meaning drought has impacted the Philippines
about every 4-5 years. The drought events of 1982–1983, 1986–1987, and 1997–1998 were
particularly severe and were associated with El Nino events, but the drought in 1989–1990 occurred
during a neutral condition (Hilario et al. 2009). The recent 2015-2016 drought, which caused damage
across 16 of the Philippines 18 regions (85% of the country), was driven by the most severe El Nino
event ever recorded (World Food Program 2016). This El Nino event lasted for 18 months in the
Philippines, beginning in February 2015 and ending in July 2016. The previously most severe El
Nino was the 1997-1998 event. A drought is declared in a province by PAGASA when there are 3
consecutive months of more than 60% reduction of average rainfall. A ‘dry spell’ will be officially
declared in a province if there are three consecutive months of a 21-60% reduction of average rainfall
– for example Luzon was hit by a dry spell in June-July 2007 where rainfall was 40% below normal,
and agriculture, waater and hydropower was affected (Yumul et al. 2010), but this was not identified
as a drought. One of the most serious droughts to directly hit the Philippines was 2019 droubt.
It distressed 2,444,959 people, and affected 277,209 hectares of crops across 14 regions. Overall
destruction to agricultural sector amounted to P7, 962,521,863.
In 2019-2020, drought in Cagayan Valley region has resulted in damage to agriculture amounting to
PHP2.1 billion,
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released. Damaged to at least 48,394 hectares of palay farms reached PHP702 million, while to
66,963 hectares of corn farms at PHP1.4 billion. Cagayan Province was hardest hit with damage on
35,054 hectares, Isabela -8,145 hectares, Nueva Vizcaya -2,551 hectares, and Quirino -1,743
hectares.
Based on previous drought events brought by El Niño the most vulnerable sectors of the economy
are:
1. Agriculture and Fisheries, the toll of disasters is already high in the Philippines which significantly
affect agriculture. Between 1990 and 2006, agricultural damage alone stood at PhP12.431bn per year
(63% of the total damage) of which about PhP2.23bn per year or 17.9% are due to drought. The most
affected crops are rice, corn, vegetables and fisheries usually being raised by small-holder farmers
and fisher folks due to crop failures and reduced irrigated areas. For instance, during the 1997- 1998
El Niño, the growth of agriculture suffered a contraction or a negative growth of 6.6%. Swine and
poultry incurred huge losses during the period with 79% and 67% change in population while the
fishery sector incurred losses amounting to about PhP 7.2 Bn. There was always a slump in rice
production every El Niño event (i.e., 1982, 1987, 1992, 1998)
2. Domestic water supply and power sector El Niño induces drought and delays the onset of
monsoons. It may result to scarcity in drinking water in urban areas and shortfalls in hydro-electricity
generation because of reduced water levels in major dams. During the period 1989-1990, due to
drought events, the country incurred a hydropower generation loss of PhP 348M while the water
production in Metro Manila was cutback. During a severe drought during the period 1991-1992, a
20% shortfall in Metro Manila’s water supply. In 1997-1998, about 70% of the country experienced a
severe drought due to El Niño. Major dams’ water level went down to critical level. In Angat Dam,
the major source of water supply for Metro Manila, monthly inflows were just 31.6% of normal.
Reduction in power generation from 26.4% to 58.9% was experienced during the same period.
3. Environment and Natural Resources Drought also had tremendous impact on the environment and
natural resources. Marine resources were affected. Mass coral bleaching was observed during the
1997- 98 ENSO. The decrease in coral cover ranged from 46% to as high as 80% in Bolinao,
Pangasinan (Guiang, 2004). The same ENSO caused extensive destruction of watershed areas
through forest fire. (Jegillos et, al.). Decrease in stream flow was observed during the 1997-98 ENSO
events in Pantabangan-Carranglan watershed, that serves a total area of about 103,000 hectares across
24 municipalities in Nueva Ecija, Bulacan and Pampanga provinces (Lasco et, al., 2006). The
environmental impacts also include degradation of soil especially in areas where there had been
prolonged drought conditions, high forest fire risk coupled with degradation in forest growth, and
others.
Most affected by drought are the poor due its social and economic impacts. During drought events,
there is the disruption of normal human activities, migration to urban communities, human and health
problems brought about by scarcity of water. Unemployment due to significant reduction in
production, revenue losses of a number of industries affects society but hurt most the resource-poor
communities.
5. Storm Surge
A storm surge, storm flood, tidal surge, is a coastal flood or tsunami-like phenomenon of rising water
commonly associated with low-pressure weather systems, such as tropical cyclones. It is measured as
the rise in water level above the normal tidal level, and does not include waves.
The main meteorological factor contributing to a storm surge is high-speed wind pushing water
towards the coast over
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factors affecting storm
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surge severity include the shallowness and orientation of the water body in the storm path, the timing
of tides, and the atmospheric pressure drop due to the storm. There is a suggestion that climate
change may be increasing the hazard of storm surges.
Some theorize that as extreme weather becomes more intense and sea level rises due to climate
change, storm surge is expected to cause more risk to coastal areas.
Communities and governments can adapt by building hard infrastructure, like surge barriers, soft
infrastructure, like coastal dunes or mangroves, improving coastal construction practices and building
social strategies such as early warning, education and evacuation plans
Historical Occurrence:
Coastal Municipalities are at risk of experiencing storm surge and are threatened to evacuate once the
tropical cyclones are predicted to bring more winds. Storm Surge Warning are release to warn the
areas most likely hit by by this hazard depending on the location and eye of the tropical cyclone. The
coastal municipalities of Cagayan are; Sta. Ana, Gonzaga, Aparri, Sanchez Mira, Claveria, Abulug,
Balllesteros, Sta. Teresita, Buguey, Calayan and Pamplona.
In 2017, two (2) of the Barangays of Aparri, Cagayan experienced Storm Surge due to Tropical
Cyclone Paolo. 122 families in Barangay Bisagu and 199 famlies from Barangay Punta were forced
to evacuate their homes due to the coastal water that suddenly flooded their houses. Sandbagging was
conducted as mitigation measure to prevent the occurrence of this hazard.
Advisory Maps 1 to 4 was provided in the risk profile, with Advisory 4 being the strongest, as show
on the map, 17 municipalities in the province of Cagayan are vulnerable to Storm surge hazard -
advisory 4. 210 barangays make up the total exposure of 33250.23 hectares which is around 3.77% of
the province’s total land area.
The systematic warming of the planet is directly causing global mean sea level to rise in two primary
ways: (1) mountain glaciers and polar ice sheets are increasingly melting and adding water to the
ocean, and (2) the warming of the water in the oceans leads to an expansion and thus increased
volume. Global mean sea level has risen approximately 210–240 millimeters (mm) since 1880, with
about a third coming in just the last two and a half decades. Currently, the annual rise is
approximately 3mm per year. Regional variations exist due to natural variability in regional winds
and ocean currents, which can occur over periods of days to months or even decades. But locally
other factors can also play an important role, such as uplift (e.g., continued rebound from Ice Age
glacier weight) or subsidence of the ground, changes in water tables due to water extraction or other
water management, and even due to the effects from local erosion.
Rising sea levels create not only stress on the physical coastline, but also on coastal ecosystems.
Saltwater intrusions can contaminate freshwater aquifers, many of which sustain municipal and
agricultural water supplies and natural ecosystems. As global temperatures continue to warm, sea
level will keep rising for a long time because there is a substantial lag to reaching an equilibrium. The
magnitude of the rise will depend strongly on the rate of future carbon dioxide emissions and future
global warming, and the speed might increasingly depend on the rate of glacier and ice sheet melting.
The sea level in the Philippines is rising three times faster than the global average, putting many of its
coastal villages in peril, according to a climate scientist of the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical
and Astronomical
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Services
Administration
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(Pagasa).
With 70 percent of the country’s municipalities facing large bodies of water, including the Pacific
Ocean, that could spell a “big impact” on those populations.
Based from PAGASA the sea-level rise of the Philippines is rising three times faster compared to the
global average. This can cause inundation of low-lying areas.
The Philippines has one of the world’s longest coastlines, stretching more than 36,000 kilometers.
Scientists attribute sea level rise to warming temperatures, which melt the polar ice caps, causing
oceans to expand. The sea level in the Philippine Sea had risen by about 12 centimeters, or about 5
inches, over the past two decades. According to the World Bank’s climate change portal, regional
variations in the rise of sea levels exist “due to natural variability in regional winds and ocean
currents, which can occur over periods of days to months or even decades.”
The new data showed that 4.3 million people in the Philippines live in places that are below the high
tide line. Tideline is used to indicate the long-term average of This suggests that this land is protected
today, possibly by coastal defenses. It is also possible that our data underestimate elevation in some
places
Even under a highly optimistic scenario, 5.2 million Filipinos will occupy land that will be
underwater at high tide by 2050. The number will increase to 6.9 million by the end of the century. If
emissions continue to rise, land currently home to 5.4 million Filipinos will fall below the level of
high tide by mid-century. By 2100, the number will double to 11 million.
B. GEOLOGICAL HAZARDS
1. Earthquake
An earthquake is a weak to violent shaking of the ground produced by the sudden movement of rock
materials below the earth’s surface.
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focus is point inside the earth where the earthquake started, sometimes called the hypocenter, and the
point on the surface of the earth directly above the focus is called the epicenter.
There are two ways by which we can measure the strength of an earthquake: magnitude and intensity.
Magnitude is proportional to the energy released by an earthquake at the focus. It is calculated from
earthquakes recorded by an instrument called seismograph. It is represented by Arabic Numbers (e.g.
4.8, 9.0). Intensity on the other hand, is the strength of an earthquake as perceived and felt by people
in a certain locality. It is a numerical rating based on the relative effects to people, objects,
environment, and structures in the surrounding. The intensity is generally higher near the epicenter. It
is represented by Roman Numerals (e.g. II, IV, IX). In the Philippines, the intensity of an earthquake
is determined using the PHIVOLCS Earthquake Intensity Scale (PEIS).
There are two types of earthquakes: tectonic and volcanic earthquakes. Tectonic earthquakes are
produced by sudden movement along faults and plate boundaries. Earthquakes induced by rising lava
or magma beneath active volcanoes is called volcanic earthquakes.
At present, PHIVOLCS operates 108 seismic monitoring stations all over the Philippines. These
stations are equipped with seismometers that detect and record earthquakes. Data is sent to the
PHIVOLCS Data Receiving Center (DRC) to determine earthquake parameters such as magnitude,
depth of focus and epicenter. Together with reported felt intensities in the area (if any), earthquake
information is released once these data are determined.
Historical Occurrence:
The Philippines lies along the Pacific Ring of Fire, which causes the country to have frequent seismic
and volcanic activity. Many earthquakes of smaller magnitude occur very regularly due to the
meeting of major tectonic plates in the region.
The largest earthquake ever recorded in the Philippines was the Celebes Sea earthquake with
Magnitute 8.3, occurred on August 15, 1918, with a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme). The
offshore shock affected the southern Philippines with high intensity shaking and a destructive tsunami
that left 52 people dead while the deadliest was the Moro Golf Earthquake in August 16, 1976 with
reported 4,791 deaths 2,288 missing and 9,928 Injured.
The Province of Cagayan experience earthquakes but none of them are destructive. Intensities felt in
the different municipalities differs depending on the proximity to the epicenter.
According to the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (Phivolcs) Cagayan may
experience strong earthquakes due to three active fault lines in the province. These faultlines are
located in Sicalao, Lasam, Dummun River in Gattaran, and Taboan River in Baggao. Magnitude can
reach up to 6.7 if the fault line moves in Sicalao, 7.2 in Dummun River, and magnitude-6.8 at Taboan
River.
This prompted the provincial government to order residents and those in schools and government
agencies to seriously participate in earthquake drills to be ready in times of disaster
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severity of ground shaking increases as magnitude increases and decreases as distance from the
causative fault increases.
The second primary earthquake hazard, ground shaking, is the result of rapid ground acceleration.
Ground shaking can vary over an area as a result of factors such as topography, bedrock type and the
location and orientation of the fault rupture.
Earthquake shaking causes movement on all three principal axes (up and down, left and right,
forward and back). Lateral movement in the horizontal plane (left and right, forward and back) can
place additional stress on structural elements normally intended to only carry vertical loads, such as
walls, columns and beams.
Based on the susceptibility map for liquefaction, 29 municipalities in the province of Cagayan are
vulnerable to ground shaking hazard. 820 barangays make up the total exposure of 874476.88
hectares which is around 99.21% of the province’s total land areas.
3. Earthquake-Induced Landslide
When an earthquake occurs, the transmission of seismic waves can cause shaking and vibration of
ground surface. This often trigger the collapse of potential landslide areas, which is known as
earthquake-induced landslide. According to the statistical data of landslides triggered by severe
earthquakes in the past, a number of factors can affect the results and scale of landslides, such as the
nature of earthquake (triggering factors) and the geographical, hydrological and meteorological
conditions of landslide location (potential factors).
Municipalities more likely to be hit by earthquake-indcued landslide are the upland areas of Cagayan
namely; Sta. Praxedes, Rizal, Piat, Baggao, Sto. Niño, Peñablanca and Allacapan.
Historical Occurrence:
Based on the susceptibility map for Earthquake Induced-Landslide, 28 municipalities in the province
of Cagayan are vulnerable to rain induced landslide. 519 barangays make up the total exposed of
576421.94 hectares which is around 65.40% of the province’s total lands area
A 6.6 magnitude earthquake struck the southern Philippines on Tuesday, killing at least seven people,
injuring more than 300, and triggering dangerous landslides, police officials said.
Experts from the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology said the quake struck about 96
kilometers (60 miles) southwest of Davao City, the capital of Mindanao, with its epicenter in Tulunan
in Cotabato Province.
The earthquake comes less than two weeks after the last 6.3 magnitude quake, which struck the same
region on October 16, killing seven people and injuring 215.
4. Tsunami
A tsunami is a series of large waves brought about by sudden violent movements in the ocean. On
any given day, the ocean typically has waves, but these waves are only wind-generated waves. A
tsunami wave is usually caused by earthquakes or other events like ocean floor landslides, volcanic
eruptions, or a meteoric impact.
Historical Occurrence:
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Moro Gulf Tsunami in Western Mindanao. The tsunami devastated the coastal provinces bordering
the Moro Gulf and the northern Celebes Sea. Tsunami waves were reported to be as high as 9 meters
in Lebak, Sultan Kudarat. This tsunami was caused by a magnitude 7.9 earthquake with an epicenter
about 96 km off the coast of Cotabato. This tragic tsunami happened just after midnight when most
people were already asleep. The tsunami in Moro Golf on 08/16/1976, killed a total of 4,381 people.
A total of 21 tidal waves classified as a tsunami since 1749 have killed 4,868 people in the
Philippines. Compared to other countries, Tsunamis therefore occur more often than average, but still
moderate.
Based on the susceptibility map for Tsunami, 16 municipalities in the province of Cagayan are vulnerable to
the tsunami hazard. 188 barangays make up the total exposure of 34499.64 hectares which is around 3.91% of
the province’s total land area.
Coastal Municipalities are more-likely to be hit by tsunami when an earthquake triggers the sea
bottom causing tidal waves to the areas prone in tsunami. Tsunami Warning were being released once
the geological readings shows evidences of ipending tsunami. The residents are threatened to
evacuate once the tsunami is predicted to cause tidal waves that needs precautionary measures.
Tsunami Warnings are released to warn the areas most likely hit by by this hazard which are the
coastal municipalities of Cagayan are; Sta. Ana, Gonzaga, Aparri, Sanchez Mira, Claveria, Abulug,
Balllesteros, Sta. Teresita, Buguey, Calayan and Pamplona.
5. Volcanic Eruption
A volcano is an opening in the earth’s surface that allows magma (hot liquid and semi-liquid rock),
volcanic ash and gases to escape. They are generally found where tectonic plates come together or
separate, but they can also occur in the middle of plates due to volcanic hotspots. A volcanic
eruption is when gas and/or lava are released from a volcano—sometimes explosively. Volcanoes
provide a number of environmental benefits, for example: fertile soils, hydrothermal energy, and
precious minerals. But they also pose several hazards: volcanic ash, gases, lahars (mud flows),
landslides, lava flows, and pyroclastic flows (fast-moving currents of hot gas). Volcanic eruptions can
be deadly and often cause population displacement and food shortages. There are different types of
volcanic eruptive events, including: pyroclastic explosions, with is fast-moving hot gas and volcanic
matter, hot ash releases, lava flows, gas emissions, glowing avalanches, when gas and ashes release.
Volcanic eruptions can also cause secondary events, such as floods, landslides and mudslides, if there
are accompanying rain, snow or melting ice. Hot ashes can also start wildfires.
Volcanic eruptions can impact climate change through emitting volcanic gases like sulfur dioxide,
which causes global cooling, and volcanic carbon dioxide, which has the potential to promote global
warming.
The province is highly susceptible to the effects of volcanic eruption because of the presence of five
(5) active volcanoes in the province namely, Mount Cagua; Didicas, Smith, Babuyan Claro Volcano
and Camiguin De Babuyanes.
a. Mount Cagua Volcano a is one of the active volcanoes in the Philippines located in the
province of Cagayan in the Cagayan Valley Region of northern Luzon in the northernmost part of the
Sierra Madre Mountain range. The mountain is approximately 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) south of
Gonzaga, Cagayan and 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) south of Port Irene in Santa Ana, Cagayan.
Historical
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Occurrence:
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Two historical eruptions have taken place at the volcano. Activity in 1860 was a largely phreatic
eruption though it was possibly followed by a pyroclastic flow. Renewed eruptions took place in
October 1907.
B. Didicas Volcano is an active volcanic island in the province of Cagayan in northern
Philippines. The island, which was a submarine volcano and re-emerged from the sea in 1952, is 22
kilometres (14 mi) NE of Camiguin Island, one of the Babuyan Islands in Luzon Strait. Before 1952,
the volcano first breached the ocean surface in 1857.
Historical Occurrence:
There have been six historical eruptions recorded from the volcano since the 18th century. The first
recorded submarine eruption from the volcano, on what was known as Didicas reefs of the Farallones
was on 1773, followed by 1856 September or October; 1857: The volcano erupted violently, attended
by earthquakes, then broke the surface of the sea. From then to 1860, the volcano was constantly
active and in four years had reached a height of 700 feet (210 m). The island was later washed out by
the waves and disappeared beneath the sea.1900: An eruption left three rock masses up to 82 feet (25
m) high; 1952: The volcano broke the ocean's surface again during an eruption that started around
March 16.; 1953: The activities subsided. The resulting island is 1.5 miles (2.4 km) wide with an
elevation of 240 metres (800 ft); 1969: First known fatalities from the volcano: three fishermen were
killed while fishing near the volcano. The activity, which started on March 21, came from a new
crater on the northern side of the island. Air reconnaissance over the volcano reported bubbling mud
on the 20 m (66 ft) wide bottom of the crater. Activity on the volcano waned in June the same year.
And in 1978 January 6 to 9: The last eruption of Didicas to date. The mild eruption blanketed the
island with fresh volcanic ashes.
C. Smith Volcano, also known as Mount Babuyan, is a cinder cone on Babuyan Island, the
northernmost of the Babuyan group of islands on Luzon Strait, north of the main island of Luzon in
the Philippines. The mountain is one of the active volcanoes in the Philippines, which last erupted in
1924.
The volcano is politically located in the Municipality of Calayan, Cagayan province, the town that
has jurisdiction over the Babuyan Islands except Fuga Island.Smith Volcano is one of the probably
five Pleistocene-to-Holocene volcanic centers on Babuyan Island (also known as Babuyan de Claro
Island) with Smith, the youngest volcano on the island. The largest on the island is Babuyan Claro
(also known as Mt. Pangasun), an active stratovolcano with two well-preserved summit craters 300
and 400 m (980 and 1,310 ft) in diameter, located in the center of the island. Babuyan Claro is about
4.3 kilometers (2.7 mi) peak-to-peak southeast of Smith Volcano, which is the north-westernmost
summit on the triangular-shaped island.
D. Babuyan Claro Volcano, also known as Mount Pangasun, is a potentially active volcano
located on Babuyan Island, the northernmost of the Babuyan group of islands in Luzon Strait, north
of the main island of Luzon in the Philippines. It is classified as one of the active volcanoes of the
country with thelast confirmed eruption in 1860.Babuyan Claro in the background and Smith
Volcano foreground. The volcano is politically located in the similarly-named Barangay of Babuyan
Claro, in the Municipality of Calayan, Cagayan
Babuyan Claro is a stratovolcano with an elevation of 843 meters (2,766 ft) and a base diameter of
about 8 kilometers (5.0 mi) located in the center of Babuyan Island (also referred to as Babuyan Claro
Island). It has four morphologically-fresh volcanic edifices:
Mt. Cayonan in the south, Mt. Naydi and Mt. Dionisio in the southeast. Babuyan Claro has two very
well-preserved craters
Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office 300 and 400 meters
(980 and 1,310 ft) in
diameter.
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Historical Occurrence:
Babuyan Claro has two confirmed historical eruptions: in 1831 and 1860. The eruption on 1913 is
listed as uncertain by the Global Volcanism Program of the Smithsonian Institution while the 1917
eruption is confirmed as an eruption of Smith Volcano. Eruptions on Babuyan Claro is determined as
probably strombolian or phreatomagmatic by the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and
Seismology.
In July 1993, there were reports of earthquakes and alleged drying up of vegetation at the upper
slopes and summit area of the volcano but volcanologists said the earthquakes were of tectonic in
origin and there was no significant change in the volcanic activity.
In February 2004, there were reports of grayish steam clouds hovering above the summit but
volcanologists from PHIVOLCS said the seismic swarm was of tectonic origin and the steaming
activity was only wispy to weak.
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C. MAN-MADE HAZARDS
Man-Made Hazards are events that are caused by humans and occur in or close to human settlements.
The events leading up to a man-made hazard may be the result of deliberate or negligent human
actions, but their impact can be equally as devastating. Such man-made disasters are crime, arson,
civil disorder, terrorism, war, biological/chemical threat, cyber-attacks, etc.
1. Armed Conflict/Terrosism
An armed conflict exists whenever there is a resort to armed force between States or protracted armed
violence between governmental authorities and organized armed groups or between such groups
within a state.
Based on statistics, the Municipality of Baggao was the most frequent in terms of armed conflict
activities/attacks. Muncipalities of Gattaran, Lasam, Sto. Niño, Aparri and Rizal are also prominent
or red areas of armed conflict in Cagayan. There were activities of armed conflicts in areas such as
Allacapan and Peñablanca however, they are now classified as white areas due to the presence and
visibility of based-capms and uniformed personnel such as the AFP provincewide.
Far flung/isolated areas of the province are the common areas were the communist group based their
camps. The governor identified concreting of roads provincewide as one of the interventions of
insurgency. He reiterated on his fight against terrorism and quote that “Insurgency ends when road
begins”.
The most recent armed conflict activity agaisnt the communist group occured on March 2023, at
Barangay Tanglagan, Gattaran Cagayan where 2 soldiers were wounded in-action.
On 13 February 2023, 1 month prior to the Gattaran incident an armed conflict transpired at Sitio
Daligalig, Brgy. Sta. Margarita, Baggao, Cagayan between the troops of the 17th Infantry Battalion
and the 15 members of the Komiteng Probinsiya Cagayan, Komiteng Rehiyon-Cagayan Valley. A
total of 193 families or 700 persons are affected in three (3) barangays in Baggao, Cagayan
Cagayan Governor and the PTF-ELCAC Chairperson Manuel N. Mamba, reiterated that insurgency
has already burdened the country for more than fifty years but is optimist that this problem will
finally come to an end, considering the serious efforts and decisiveness of the government under the
administration of President Rodrigo Duterte.
The Provincial Government of Cagayan also pledged to support the BDP-identified PPAs of the
twenty-seven (27) ELCAC focus barangays. Aside from the community-based innovations which
benefitted all the barangays of the province, the provincial government provides continuous technical
and financial assistance to the communities.
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2. Hazardous Materials
Hazardous materials are substances that could harm human health or the environment. Hazardous
means dangerous, so these materials must be handled the right way.
Hazardous wastes are discarded materials with properties that make them potentially harmful to
human health or the environment. Hazardous wastes can include things such as chemicals, heavy
metals, or substances generated as byproducts during commercial manufacturing processes, as well as
discarded household products like paint thinners, cleaning fluids, and old batteries. Hazardous wastes
can be in the form of liquids, solids, contained gases, or sludges. Much of this hazardous material is
stored in landfills or other containment areas. If these hazardous waste sites are not properly designed
or managed, their contents can be released into the surrounding environment, posing a threat to public
health.
To address this issue, Hazardous Waste Worker Training Program must be given to support the safety
and health of workers engaged in activities related to hazardous waste and chemical emergency
response.
Historical Occurrence:
The novel human coronavirus disease COVID-19 has become the fifth documented pandemic since
the 1918 flu pandemic. COVID-19 was first reported in Wuhan, China, and subsequently spread
worldwide. The coronavirus was officially named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
(SARS-CoV-2) by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses based on phylogenetic
analysis. SARS-CoV-2 is believed to be a spillover of an animal coronavirus and later adapted the
ability of human-to-human transmission. Because the virus is highly contagious, it rapidly spreads
and continuously evolves in the human population.
On January 22, 2020, the first suspected patient for Covid - 19 in the Philippines was investigated,
and six-hundred, thirty -three (633) other new cases were reported after two months. Cagayan Valley
confirmed its first case on March 21, 2020, that of 44-year-old male who had traveled via bus to
Tuguegarao. The man arrived in Cagayan on March 11 and was treated at the Cagayan Valley
Medical Center.[1] Further cases were recorded in the province as well as in Isabela and Nueva
Vizcaya.
Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office
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The consequences of this epidemic are not distributed equally throughout the economy. Some sectors
have even benefited financially, while others will suffered disproportionately. It overwhelmed the
health system, limited the capacity to deal with routine health issues and compounded the problem.
Beyond shocks to the health sector, this pandemic force the ill or are less effective at their jobs,
driving down and disrupting productivity. Fear of infection resulted to social distancing and closed
schools, enterprises, commercial establishments, transportation, and public services-all of which
disrupted economic and other socially valuable activities.
As of this time, COVID-19 vaccines have reached billions of people worldwide, the evidence is
overwhelming that no matter which one you take, the vaccines offer life-saving protection against a
disease that has killed millions. The pandemic is far from over, yet the vaccines proved to be the most
effective intervention invented that save lives. The best bet on staying safe.
3. Food Poisoning
Food poisoning also known as a foodborne illness is the result of eating contaminated, spoiled, or
toxic food. Infectious organisms including bacteria, viruses, and parasites or their toxins are the most
common causes of food poisoning.
Most food poisonings are caused by bacteria, parasites, and viruses. Bacteria is the most prevalent
cause of food poisoning. According to the Foodborne Disease Outbreaks in the Philippines (2005–
2018), pathogens were identified as causative agents for 754 morbidity cases of Food-borne
poisoning in the Philippines.
Food poisoning is a natural occurrence due to the food we eat everyday. According to the DOH RO2
eighty percent (80%) of diarrhea cases is due to food poisoning.
Cases of Food Poisoning in Cagayan:
In June 2021, two students and 42 other victims of food poisoning from Tuguegarao City were rushed
from the Cagayan Valley Medical center due to the contaminated noodles served mistakenly mixed
with oxalic during recess.
In 2016, almost 100 DSWD personnel were rushed to the different hospitals in Tuguegarao City after
eating a contaminated fish dish served during the Regional Conference held at Carmelita Hotel,
Cagayan.
In February 2011, two children died in Santa Ana, Cagayan due to food poisoning after eating crabs
called ‘Kurit” brought by their father for breakfast.
E. TECHNOLOGICAL HAZARD
Technological hazards originate from technological or industrial conditions, dangerous procedures,
infrastructure failure or human activity. Chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN)
hazards are all types of technological hazards.
Examples of technological hazards may include industrial pollution, nuclear radiation, toxic
wastes, dam failures, transportation accidents, factory explosions, fires, and chemical spills.
Technological hazards also may arise directly as a result of the impacts of a natural hazard or man-
made incident or event.
Historical Occurrence:
According to data from
Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office
the Philippine Statistics
Authority (PSA),
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Central Luzon has the highest number crash-related deaths in 2014, but if numbers are divided by
population, Cagayan Valley comes out as the most crash-prone. In 2021, between January and
September the number of road crashes in Cagayan Province reached 6,640 deaths according to the
Cagayan Provincial Police Office (CPPO). This was a 4.2 percent increase from the 6,179 caused in
the same period in 2020. Almost half of the victims were 20 to 39 years old. Tuguegarao City has the
greatest number of road crash incidents in Cagayan province.
The Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (LTFRB) cited the following reasons
that could affect road safety is constant repair of certain roads, newly-opened routes, increase of roads
and alternative routes, and Cagayan’s topography, among others.
Cagayan is in the forefront of economic growth. As a result of this, many new roads are being built or
repaired to keep up with the demands of a growing area, along with the increase in alternative routes.
Aside from the development of many roads in Cagayan, the people are also buying more private
vehicles, resulting in heavier traffic jams and busier roads.
Cagayan’s topography is another reason for its high rate of road crashes, given that it is a
mountainous area. The region is nestled between the Cordilleras and the Sierra Madre Mountain
ranges compared to others provinces who may be less prone to road crashes because the topography
is generally flat and located in the lowlands.
Recent data showed that in 2016, there were 1,471 road crashes in Cagayan province. In those road
crashes, 127 people were killed and 770 people suffered from injuries. Almost half of the victims
were 20 to 39 years old. According to the data, 790 of these crashes were a result of reckless driving.
Cagayan roads have had a number of deadly road crashes, such as the April 2017 bus crash that killed
more than 30 people. The bus fell into a ravine while on the mountainous route from Cagayan Valley to Abra.
2. Fire
Any actions, materials, or conditions that might increase the size or severity of a fire or that might
cause a fire to start are called fire hazards. The hazard might be a fuel that is easy to ignite or a heat
source like a defective appliance.
When a fire occurs, there is little time to escape. A fire can spread, sometimes doubling its size, in
seconds. In less than 30 seconds, a fire can rage out of control and fill the area with heat and toxic,
thick smoke. When a fire is discovered, it is critical to get out quickly.
A fire can give off incredible amounts of heat. A room fire can range from 100 degrees at floor level
to 1,200 or more degrees at the ceiling. Skin can burn with permanent injuries at 160 degrees. The
heat given off from a fire can kill. If super heated air is inhaled, it can scorch lungs.
The thick, black smoke that is given off from a fire can make it extremely difficult to see where one is
going. Crawling low may help visibility, and the air is usually cooler towards the floor. It is important
to remember, if the smoke is too thick in the hallway to escape, sheltering-in-place may be necessary.
Try to find another way out perhaps through a window or another exit. Always plan for at least two
ways out. Closing doors can help reduce the spread of smoke and fire.
Most people who die in fires die from the toxic gases, thick smoke and lack of oxygen. In a fire,
breathing even small amounts of these toxic elements can be disorienting, causing some people to
pass out. Remember smoke detectors save lives. The time to react to a fire/smoke alarm is when it
first goes off. Never ignore an alarm.
Historical Occurrence:
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On 19 December 2010, Cagayan has recorded the most devastating fire incident that brought
everyone in tears, the Bread and Breakfast Hotel, Tuguegarao City Fire Incident that killed fifteen
(15) people.
Firefighters were in tears after finding the bodies on the upper floors of the five-storey hotel and
offered prayers before retrieving the remains. Nine (9) of the victims were nursing students who went
in town to take the board exam. Students who survived went on to take the exam, including one who
arrived in slippers and nightwear. Relatives grieved at a morgue where remains of the victims, 14
burned beyond recognition, were brought.
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January 10 4 10 24
February 4 5 4 13
March 9 7 11 27
April 6 6 9 21
May 15 27 16 58
June 4 13 5 22
July 6 9 10 25
August 6 3 8 17
September 5 6 8 19
October 5 7 8 20
November 6 6 9 21
December 8 10 11 29
In 2020-2022, a total of two -hundred, ninety-six (296) fire incident were reported province-wide.
The month of May has
Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office the highest recorded
incident in both years.
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Base on the records there was as significant increase of fire incident in Cagayan from 2020-2022
which is very alarming.
Fire and safety measures should be strengthened to prevent the occurrence of this hazard. The
Cagayan - Bureau of Fire Potection (BFP) is the office prime responsible in dealing with this kind of
disaster province-wide in collaboration with the different stakeholders.
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Flooding 5 5 5 1
Tropical Cyclone 5 5 5 2
Epidemic Disease 5 5 5 3
Outbreak
Armed Conflict 4 4 4 4
Landslide 4 4 4 5
Drought 2 5 3.5 6
Fire 3 4 3.5 7
Earthquake 2 2 2 9
Terrorism 2 1 1.5 10
Food Poisoning 1 1 1 12
Tsunami 1 1 1 13
Volcanic Eruption 1 1 1 14
In the above probability and impact ratings of the different hazards, flooding ranked as number one (1)
hazard; tropical cyclone ranked number two (2); Epidemic Disease Outbreak was ranked third while
Volcanic Eruption Ranked 14th which is the last hazard priority due to the probability of existence.
The geographical location of the Philippines makes the country uniquely exposed to a plethora of hazards,
including recurrent Tropical cyclones, earthquakes and active volcanoes, eruptions of which are classified
as the most deadly and costly globally. The subdivision zone between the two tectonic plates (Eurasian
and Pacific) creating the seismic activity in the region are predicted to have the capacity to generate major
earthquakes in the near future. Other hazards include floods, landslides, tsunamis and wildfires, all of
which are occurring in a frequency which has fundamentally changed the perception of hazards in the
country.
Based on the results gathered, Contingency Plan for Flooding will be the first Contingency Plan to be
planned/crafted in the Province of Cagayan. The PDRRMO as the Office Prime responsible for
Contingency Plans will spearhead the said planning activity with the help of the PDRRMC member
agencies as TWG.
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Based on the assessment of the hazards, Cagayan requires having a contingency plan for flooding that
shall help ensure preparedness for effective response in the entire province.
Root Causes Early Warning Triggering Existing
Signs Factors Mitigating
Measures
The geographic location of PAGASA Weather Bulletin A flood may be enhanced by Non-structural measures
the province makes it prone the following weather like de-clogging, planted
to flooding which may Tri-Media, (TV, Radio and conditions: mangroves, and vetiver
occur in the Month of June Internet). grass.
to December. Flooding also Amihan or Northeast
Indigenous knowledge such Monsoon Structural measures such as
persist during these Months as: unexplained migration of
with the changing climate as seawalls, flood control
birds and convergence of Low Pressure Area (LPA) structures, riprap, criss-
the province has ten (10) cirrus clouds at one point in
tributaries as manifested by Inter-tropical Convergence crossed, etc.
the horizon.
tropical cyclone may also Zone
occur during months of Automated Water Level
Monitoring System Southeast Monsoon or
January to February.
(AWLMS). Habagat
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tributaries such as the Pinacanauan River in the Southeast, Zinundungan and Matalag Rivers in the West,
Chico River in the Southwest, Pata and Abulug Rivers in the Northwest, Buguey and Cabicungan Rivers
in the Northeast and others are the Dummun and Pared Rivers.
The Early Warning Signs that the PDRRMC needs to watch out are the PAGASA Weather Bulletin, Tri-
Media (TV, Radio & Internet), Indigenous knowledge which explained migration of birds and the
convergence of the nimbus clouds at one point of the horizon.
At the very least, Cagayan has established existing mitigating measures in response to flooding, these
include non-structural measures like enforcement of ordinances on de-clogging in the community, land
use laws, building codes, etc. as well as structural measures such as sea-walls, flood control structures,
rip-rap, criss-crossed, etc
K. SCENARIO
The following table describes the three (3) different scenarios that may occur in the event that
flooding hits Cagayan.
Affected Bad Worse Worst
Population
Local 20,000 75,000 90,000 Population
Population 1.6 Population 6.2 7.5 % including
Foreign % including % including local & foreign
local & local & foreign tourists.
foreign tourists.
tourists.
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Effects on:
Situations Bad Worse Worst
A. Housing 100 flooded houses up to 15,000-20,000 flooded houses 25,000-30,000 household waists deep
ankle to knee high deep to knee-high to waist deep. to shoulder.
the identified low-lying
areas.
B. Properties
Business
Impassable
Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office
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b.7 Communication Limited internet access. Communication facilities are Communication facilities are totally
moderately affected. affected.
b.9 Water - Limited water supply Damaged water and drainage facilities
b.10 Environment/ - Most of the farm & other Flooded are experienced to almost all
plants are flooded. of the residents and farms.
Ecology
b.11 Response Functional -Provincial Incident Most of the responders and other
Management Team is volunteer groups are already deployed
capabilities activated. to different municipalities affected.
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Below is the summary of affected population by flooding (Ulysses), as well as the number displaced population in every municipality. (Terminal Report as of
November 2020)
Affected Area No. of affected No. of Displaced Population Assumptions Characteristics
Population
Inside Evacuation Outside evacuation Total
1. Abulug 138 451 101 331 Brgy. Hall 14 49 115 380 Farmers, Vendors, Self-
Employed, small
2. Alcala 6,565 19,011 336 4,241 Brgy. Hall/ 1,102 12,393 4,577 13,495 Riverside-low lying area
business owners,
Gym
housewives, students,
3. Allacapan 1,119 3,870 53 202 Brgy. Hall 10 35 63 237 Tributary along Cagayan professionals,
river
etc.
4. Amulung 9,111 27,346 510 1,480 Brgy. Hall/ 1,513 5,387 2,023 6,867 Riverside-low lying area
Gym
6. Baggao 7,542 26,127 1,887 5,984 Brgy. 2,071 7,313 3,958 13,197 Tributary along Cagayan
river
Chapel
9. Calayan -
10. Camalaniugan 2,812 8,843 64 259 Brgy. Hall 135 600 175 778 Low-lying area and along
Cagayan river
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12. Enrile 7,791 35,148 43 263 Brgy. Hall/ 39 149 82 412 Tributary along Cagayan
Gym river
13. Gattaran 3,225 10,069 164 504 Brgy. Hall 102 249 266 753
16. La-llo 3,054 10,069 135 441 Brgy. Hall 204 824 339 1,265 Tributary along Cagayan
river
17. Lasam 1,829 8,494 111 346 Brgy. Hall 124 429 235 775 Rain-Induced landslides
18. Pamplona 604 1,962 243 690 Gym 346 1,201 589 1,891 Coastal area
19. Penablanca 2,342 7,199 72 310 Brgy. Hall 161 661 233 971 Tributary along Cagayan
river
22. Sanchez Mira 555 1,845 108 336 Brgy. Hall 20 54 128 390
23. Solana 13,259 53,539 106 354 Gym 383 1,888 489 2,242 Coastal area
28. Tuao -
Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office 35,328 122,189 36,266 125,257 low lying area
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Gym
Based on documentations and data from 1998 to 2022, the following have been affected during the onslaught of Flooding in Cagayan.
Date of Event Types of Hazards (typhoon and Impacts of the Event (Affected barangays and damages)
flooding)
October 13-17, 1998 Typhoon Iliang Typhoon, (Damage to Crops-2.275M)
November 22-December 5, 2004 Typhoon Winnie, Yoyong and Heavy Rains Damage to Crops-5.7M
1 Casualty
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November 27, 2007 Typhoon Mina and Flash Flood 18 Barangays Affected; Damage to Crops-7.708M
November 24, 2008 Prolonged Rain and Flood 44 Barangays Affected; Damage to Crops-1.2M,
1 Casualty
1 Casualty
October 5, 2011 Typhoon Quiel and Flash Flood 12 Barangays Affected; 1 Casualty
August 2013 Typhoon Labuyo No reported Casualties and Damage to Crops and Infrastructure
October 2015 Typhoon Lando (Extreme Flooding) 35 Barangays Affected; Affected Population (families-7,541; person-37,337); Damage to
Agriculture (₱36,433,948.00); Casualties – injured-1; missing-0; death-1
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August 2016 Typhoon Carina (Flooding) 2 Barangays Affected; Affected Population (families-19; person-87); Damage to
Agriculture (₱3,021,393.56)
October 2016 Typhoon Karen (Flooding) Affected Population (families-237; person-1,039); No reported Damage to Agriculture and
Infrastructure
October 2016 Super Typhoon Lawin 49 Barangays Affected; Casualties- injured-60; missing-0; death-0);
(Flooding and strong winds) Affected Population (families-33,244; person-111,296); Damage to Agriculture
(₱14,754,944.00); Damage
to Infrastructure (₱1,704,600,000.00)
September 2018 Typhoon “Ompong”-Category 4 49 Barangays Affected; Affected Population (families-19,387; person-60,060); Damage to
Agriculture (₱149,398,700.00); Damage
(Flooding and strong winds)
To Gov. Infrastructure (₱26,000,000.00)
October 2018 Typhoon Rosita 2 Barangays Affected; Affected Population (families-16; person-79)
Secondary to “Flooding”
November 13, 2019 STS “QUIEL” 214 Barangays Affected; Families-35,322; No. of persons-119,206; Damage to Agriculture
and Infrastructure (₱1,854,997,405.8);
November 22, 2019 TD Ramon & STS Sarah 200 Barangays Affected; Families-5,204; No. of persons-16,347; Damage to Agriculture
and Infrastructure (₱618,764,750.00)
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November 28, 2020 TY “Ulysses” 497 Barangays Affected; Families-115,916; No. of persons-428,052; Damage to
Agriculture and Infrastructure (₱3,381,323,992.24)
December 27, 2020 TD “Vicky” 125 Barangays Affected; Families-10,607; No. of persons-36,386; Damage to Agriculture
and Infrastructure (₱3,001,828,117.00) Casualties -Missing 1- Death-2
October 22, 2021 STS “Maring” 162 Barangays Affected; Families-12,586; No. of persons-49,845; Damage to Agriculture
and Infrastructure (₱64,013,063.00) Casualties -Missing 1- Death-3
October 22, 2021 STS “maring” 162 Barangays Affected; Families-12,586; No. of persons-49,845; Damage to Agriculture
and Infrastructure (₱64,013,063.00) Casualties -Missing 1- Death-3
August 31, 2022 STS “Florita” 224 Barangays Affected; Families-6,875; No. of persons-23,340; Damage to Agriculture
and Infrastructure (₱1,028,396,743.63.00) Casualties -Injured 3- Death-1
October 15, 2022 TD “Maymay” 150 Barangays Affected; Families-8,730; No. of persons-33,432; Damage to Agriculture
and Infrastructure (₱163,666,351.20) Casualties -Death-2
October 20, 2022 TY “Neneng” 286 Barangays Affected; Families-44,087; No. of persons-153,684; Damage to Agriculture
and Infrastructure (₱474,284,196.96)
October 23, 2022 TD “Obet” 49 Barangays Affected; Families-6,818; No. of persons-22,526; Death-2
November 9, 2022 STS “Paeng” 280 Barangays Affected; Families-43,387; No. of persons-139,194; Damage to Agriculture
and Infrastructure (₱183,993,813.96) Casualties -Death-1
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Goal
The goal of the contingency plan is to provide effective, efficient, timely and well-
coordinated response and recovery mechanisms in the event of the occurrence of flood
in the province. Such mechanisms shall reduce flood losses by keeping the general
public well informed on how to secure their lives, properties and their environment,
promoting resiliency, recovering for the damages brought by the flood and providing
for the immediate needs of the affected communities.
General Objectives
The general objectives of the contingency plan are as follows:
To determine the immediate tasks required for the flood response operations;
To conduct inventory of resources available among PDRRMC member agencies,
including CSO’s;
To maximize resiliency by keeping a well-informed general public;
To protect life and property preparing for downtime thus, minimizing clean-up
duration in the aftermath of flooding;
To provide the immediate and appropriate needs of the affected population; and
To reinforce the standards of reporting system set by NDRRMC.
A. COORDINATION
The following are the required clusters, with the corresponding lead and member offices, that must
be activated in response to the typhoon:
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PAGASA
MANAGEMENT OF THE DEAD AND THE Department of Interior and PDRRMO
MISSING (MDM) Local Government (DILG) - PHO
Cagayan OCD-RO2
OBJECTIVE. The Management of the Dead and CPPO
Missing Cluster aims to provide policies, PNP – Cagayan
standards, guidelines, systems and procedures to MHO’s
institutionalize MDM in all concerned agencies PSWDO
and stakeholders at all levels during emergencies Phil. Red Cross
and disasters. POPE
TFLC
MDRRMO’s
NBI
LAW AND ORDER (LAO) Philippine National Police 17th IB – Phil. Army
(PNP) Cagayan BFP – Cagayan
OBJECTIVE. The Law-and-Order Cluster will Phil. Coast Guard
assist the Response Operations and provide SP-DRRM Committee
assistance to the affected areas. Provincial Warden’s Office
PPDO
GSO
MBLT-10
PNP-Maritime (RMU2)
DILG-Cagayan
Provincial Legal Office
77TH IB
501ST IB
Provincial Admin
NBI
DEBRIS CLEARING AND CIVIL WORKS Provincial Engineering’s Phil. Coast Guard
CLUSTER Office (PEO) PNP Cagayan
BFP –Cagayan
OBJECTIVE. The Debris clearing and civil 77TH IB
works cluster is to facilitate the clean-up and MBLT-10
restoration of infrastructure and communities that PNP-Maritime (RMU2)
have been affected by natural disaster of other PDRRMO
emergencies. This cluster involves a range of 17th IB – Phil. Army
activities, including the removal of debris from GSO
roads and buildings, the repair and rebuilding of
damaged infrastructure, and the provision of
support services to affected communities.
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and Deployment
Maintenance
Distribution to responders
-D-3 months
-PDRRMO
Cadaver Bags Request for the availability of -PDRRMO, PHO -D-6 months
cadaver bags
Distribution
Food and Safe Water for SRR Contract of catering services -PDRRMO -D-3 months
Team
Distribution of food and water to
responders
-D-1 day to
D+10 days
Utilization/deployment of choppers
(helicopter) -D-1 day to
D+10 days
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C. RESOURCE INVENTORY:
Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office (PDRRMO)
Resources Unit Quantity Office/Agency Resource Location Remarks
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Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office PSWDO Readily Available
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Cagayan Provincial
Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office Learning and Resource
Center (CPLRC)
Resource Remarks
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Resource Remarks
Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office Location
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Supplies
Vehicle
Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office PVET/Ballesteros Readily Available
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SC/Ballesteros
Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office Capitol Readily Available
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Governor’s Office
Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office Resource Remarks
Location
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TUGUEGARAO STATION
LALLO STATION
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BALLESTEROS STATION
Manpower Personnel 17 Sanchez Mira Stn. Sanchez Mira Stn. Readily Available
Rubber Unit 1 Sanchez Mira Stn. Sanchez Mira Stn. Readily Available
Boat
Alluminu Unit 1 Sanchez Mira Stn. Sanchez Mira Stn. Readily Available
m Boat
OBM Unit 2 Sanchez Mira Stn. Sanchez Mira Stn. Readily Available
SRR Unit 1 Sanchez Mira Stn. Sanchez Mira Stn. Readily Available
Dump Unit 2 Sanchez Mira Stn. Sanchez Mira Stn. Readily Available
trucks
Grader Unit 2 Sanchez Mira Stn. Sanchez Mira Stn. Readily Available
GONZAGA STATION
TUAO STATION
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AMULUNG STATION
PAG-ASA
Resources Unit Quantity Office/Agency Resource Location Remarks
Single Sided Band Unit 1 PAG-ASA DOST PAGASA Northern Readily Available
Radio Luzon – Capitol
SSB Handheld Radio Unit 4 PAG-ASA DOST PAGASA Northern Readily Available
Luzon – Capitol
Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office PAGASA Northern PAG-ASA Stride
Luzon – Capitol Team
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Health/WASH
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Regular Personnel Personnel 114 SDO Division Office,Tug. City Readily Available
Cagayan
CAGELCO I
Resources Unit Quantity Office/Agency Resource Location Remarks
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TAGUIBAO
(Foreman)
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Boom Truck Isuzu Eif Unit 1 AOMD/ Sta Barbara, Piat Readily
CDK 1419 (Area 3) Available
Construction Office
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17th Infantry Battalion (IB)
Contingency Plan Resources
for Flooding Unit Quantity Office/Agency Resource Location Remarks
HSVC
ACoy
First Aid and BLS Personnel 4 Red Cross - Red Cross -Cagayan Readily
Cagayan Available
Health and Hygiene Personnel 2 Red Cross - Red Cross -Cagayan Readily
Promotion Cagayan Available
Shelter Tool Kit Set 98 Red Cross - Red Cross -Cagayan Readily
Cagayan Available
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Fire Boots Pair 379 BFP – Cagayan BFP – Cagayan Readily Available
Fire Helmets Pcs 346 BFP – Cagayan BFP – Cagayan Readily Available
Fire Coat & Pc 237 BFP – Cagayan BFP – Cagayan Readily Available
Trouser
Fire Hose (11/2”) Roll 476 BFP – Cagayan BFP – Cagayan Readily Available
Fire Hose (21/2”) Pc 130 BFP – Cagayan BFP – Cagayan Readily Available
Fire Gloves Pair 329 BFP – Cagayan BFP – Cagayan Readily Available
Abulug Fire Station Personnel 17 BFP – Cagayan Libertad, Abulug, Fire Fighting, EMS, Search
Cagayan & Rescue, ICS
Alcala Fire Station Personnel 16 BFP – Cagayan Centro Norte, Fire Fighting, EMS, Search
Alcala, Cagayan & Rescue, ICS
Allacapan Fire Personnel 24 BFP – Cagayan Centro West, Fire Fighting, EMS, Search
Station Allacapan, Cagayan & Rescue, ICS
Amulung Fire Personnel 24 BFP – Cagayan Centro, Amulung Fire Fighting, EMS, Search
Station Cagayan & Rescue, ICS
Aparri Fire Station Personnel 19 BFP – Cagayan Centro 1, Aparri, Fire Fighting, EMS, Search
Cagayan & Rescue, ICS
Baggao Fire Personnel 33 BFP – Cagayan San Jose, Baggao, Fire Fighting, EMS, Search
Station Cagayan & Rescue, ICS
Ballesteros Fire Personnel 10 BFP – Cagayan Centro East, Fire Fighting, EMS, Search
Station Balleteros, Cagayan & Rescue, ICS
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Contingency Plan for Flooding
Calayan Fire Personnel 5 BFP – Cagayan Calayan, Cagayan Fire Fighting, EMS, Search
Prevention Office & Rescue, ICS
Camalaniugan Fire Personnel 18 BFP – Cagayan Dacalla Fugu, Fire Fighting, EMS, Search
Station Camalaniugan, & Rescue, ICS
Cagayan
Claveria Fire Personnel 16 BFP – Cagayan Centro 2, Claveria, Fire Fighting, EMS, Search
Station Cagayan & Rescue, ICS
Enrile Fire Station Personnel 24 BFP – Cagayan Villa Maria, Enrile, Fire Fighting, EMS, Search
Cagayan & Rescue, ICS
Gattaran Fire Personnel 17 BFP – Cagayan Centro Sur, Fire Fighting, EMS, Search
Station Gattaran, Cagayan & Rescue, ICS
Gonzaga Fire Personnel 17 BFP – Cagayan Smart, Gonzaga, Fire Fighting, EMS, Search
Station Cagayan & Rescue, ICS
Iguig Fire Station Personnel 10 BFP – Cagayan Nattanzan, Iguig, Fire Fighting, EMS, Search
Cagayan & Rescue, ICS
Lal-lo Fire Station Personnel 17 BFP – Cagayan Centro, Lal-lo, Fire Fighting, EMS, Search
Cagayan & Rescue, ICS
Lasam Fire Station Personnel 28 BFP – Cagayan Centro 1, Lasam, Fire Fighting, EMS, Search
Cagayan & Rescue, ICS
Pamplona Fire Personnel 10 BFP – Cagayan Pimpila, Pamplona, Fire Fighting, EMS, Search
Station Cagayan & Rescue, ICS
Peñablanca Fire Personnel 17 BFP – Cagayan Centro Highway, Fire Fighting, EMS, Search
Station Peñablanca, & Rescue, ICS
Cagayan
Piat Fire Station Personnel 10 BFP – Cagayan Poblacion 2, Piat, Fire Fighting, EMS, Search
Cagayan & Rescue, ICS
Rizal Fire Station Personnel 10 BFP – Cagayan Poblacion, Rizal, Fire Fighting, EMS, Search
Cagayan & Rescue, ICS
Sanchez Mira Fire Personnel 17 BFP – Cagayan Centro 2, Sanchez Fire Fighting, EMS, Search
Station Mira, Cagayan & Rescue, ICS
Sta. Ana Fire Personnel 16 BFP – Cagayan Centro, Sta. Ana, Fire Fighting, EMS, Search
Station Cagayan & Rescue, ICS
Sta. Praxedes Fire Personnel 16 BFP – Cagayan Centro 1, Sta. Fire Fighting, EMS, Search
Station Praxedes, Cagayan & Rescue, ICS
Sta. Teresita Fire Personnel 10 BFP – Cagayan Centro East, Sta. Fire Fighting, EMS, Search
Station Teresita, Cagayan & Rescue, ICS
Sto. Niño Fire Personnel 10 BFP – Cagayan Centro Norte, Sto. Fire Fighting, EMS, Search
Station Niño, Cagayan & Rescue, ICS
Solana Fire Station Personnel 24 BFP – Cagayan Centro. Solana, Fire Fighting, EMS, Search
Cagayan & Rescue, ICS
Tuao Fire Station Personnel 17 BFP – Cagayan Centro 2, Tuao, Fire Fighting, EMS, Search
Cagayan & Rescue, ICS
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Contingency Plan for Flooding
Office of the Personnel 24 BFP – Cagayan Bagay Road, Fire Fighting, EMS, Search
Provincial Fire Tuguegarao City, & Rescue, ICS
Director Cagayan
Manpower
Rubber Boat with OBM Unit 1 CGS , Cagayan Aparri East Readily Available
Aluminum Boat Unit 3 CGS , Cagayan Claveria, Sta Ana Readily Available
& Maconacon
245
Contingency Plan for Flooding
Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office Centro Norte, Alcala Readily Available
245
Contingency Plan for Flooding
Unit 4 Amulung PS
Unit 4 Amulung PS
245
Contingency Plan for Flooding
11 Trained Readily
Manpower Personnel 40 Allacapan PS Centro East, Allacapan
Available
245
Contingency Plan for Flooding
3 Trained Readily
Manpower Baggao PS San Jose, Baggao
Personnel 56 Available
BAGGAO PS
Pc 3
BAGGAO PS
245
Contingency Plan for Flooding
10 trained Readily
Manpower Buguey PS Centro, Buguey
Personnel 36 Available
245
Contingency Plan for Flooding
8 Trained Readily
Manpower Calayan PS Poblacion, Calayan
Personnel 31 Available
245
Contingency Plan for Flooding
13 Trained Readily
Manpower Camalaniugan PS Dacala-Fugu, Camalaniugan
Personnel 40 Available
5 Trained Readily
Manpower Claveria PS Centro 1, Claveria
Personnel 39 Available
245
Contingency Plan for Flooding
11 Readily
Manpower Gattaran PS Centro Sur, Gattaran
Personnel 56 Available
245
Contingency Plan for Flooding
11 Trained Readily
Manpower Gonzaga PS Smart, Gonzaga
Personnel 49 Available
Fire Extinguisher
245
Contingency Plan for Flooding
Smart, Gonzaga
11 Trained Readily
Manpower Iguig PS Nattanzan, Iguig
Personnel 54 Available
245
Contingency Plan for Flooding
7 Trained Readily
Manpower Lasam PS Centro, Lasam
Personnel 42 Available
245
Contingency Plan for Flooding
14 Trained Readily
Manpower Pamplona PS Centro, Pamplona
Personnel 34 Available
41 Trained Readily
Manpower Pamplona PS Centro, Peñablanca
Personnel 91 Available
Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office Centro, Peñablanca Readily Available
245
Contingency Plan for Flooding
11 Readily
Manpower Rizal PS Rizal Cagayan
Personnel 51 Available
245
Contingency Plan for Flooding
Sta. Teresita
9 Trained Readily
Manpower Sanchez Mira PS Centro 1, Sanchez Mira
Personnel 34 Available
Generator Set Unit 1 Sanchez Mira PS Centro 1, Sanchez Mira Readily Available
Hard Head Gear Pc 10 Sanchez Mira PS Centro 1, Sanchez Mira Readily Available
Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office Centro 1, Sanchez Readily Available
Mira
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Contingency Plan for Flooding
Inflatable Bed Pc 1 Sanchez Mira PS Centro 1, Sanchez Mira Readily Available
Mega Phone Unit 1 Sanchez Mira PS Centro 1, Sanchez Mira Readily Available
Sar Box Box 1 Sanchez Mira PS Centro 1, Sanchez Mira Readily Available
11 Trained Readily
Manpower Sta. Ana PS Centro, Sta. Ana
Personnel 36 Available
Handheld Radio Unit 6 Sta. Ana PS Centro, Sta. Ana Readily Available
Generator Set Unit 1 Sta. Ana PS Centro, Sta. Ana Readily Available
Safety Ropes Roll 1 Sta. Ana PS Centro, Sta. Ana Readily Available
Utility Rope Roll 1 Sta. Ana PS Centro, Sta. Ana Readily Available
Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office Centro, Sta. Ana Readily Available
245
Contingency Plan for Flooding
Mega phone Unit 1 Sta. Ana PS Centro, Sta. Ana Readily Available
SAR box Box 1 Sta. Ana PS Centro, Sta. Ana Readily Available
10 Trained Readily
Manpower Sta. Praxedes PS Centro 2, Sta. Praxedes
Personnel 26 Available
Base Radio Unit 1 Sta. Praxedes PS Centro 2, Sta. Praxedes Readily Available
Generator Set Unit 1 Sta. Praxedes PS Centro 2, Sta. Praxedes Readily Available
Utility Rope Roll 1 Sta. Praxedes PS Centro 2, Sta. Praxedes Readily Available
Mega phone Unit 1 Sta. Praxedes PS Centro 2, Sta. Praxedes Readily Available
SAR Box Box 1 Sta. Praxedes PS Centro 2, Sta. Praxedes Readily Available
4 Trained Readily
Manpower Sto. Nino PS Centro, Sto. Nino
Personnel 49 Available
Handheld Radio Unit 10 Sto. Nino PS Centro, Sto. Nino Readily Available
Base Radio Unit 0 Sto. Nino PS Centro, Sto. Nino Readily Available
Generator Set Unit 1 Sto. Nino PS Centro, Sto. Nino Readily Available
Safety Ropes Roll 2 Sto. Nino PS Centro, Sto. Nino Readily Available
Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office TUGUEGARAO CITY POLICE STATION
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Contingency Plan for Flooding
Mobile Patrol- Unit 9 Tuguegarao PS Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City Readily Available
Handheld Radio Unit 47 Tuguegarao PS Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City Readily Available
Hard Head gear Pc 7 Tuguegarao PS Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City Readily Available
Generator Set Unit 1 Tuguegarao PS Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City Readily Available
Utility Rope Roll 2 Tuguegarao PS Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City Readily Available
Base Radio Unit 1 Tuguegarao PS Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City Readily Available
Cellular Phone Unit 3 Tuguegarao PS Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City Readily Available
SAR box Box 1 Tuguegarao PS Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City Readily Available
12 Trained Readily
Manpower Tuao PS Lacambini, Tuao
Personnel 87 Available
Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office Lacambini, Tuao Readily Available
245
Contingency Plan for Flooding
245
Contingency Plan for Flooding
245
Contingency Plan for Flooding
2nd CPMFC
Manpower Officer 5 Command Group San Vicente, Santa Ana Readily Available
Enlisted Personnel 12 Command Group San Vicente, Santa Ana Readily Available
Toyota Hilux Unit 2 MBLT 10 San Vicente, Santa Ana Readily Available
Rubber Boat Unit 2 CSSTG5 San Vicente, Santa Ana Readily Available
Life Ring Unit 10 MBLT 10 San Vicente, Santa Ana Readily Available
Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office San Vicente, Readily Available
Santa Ana
245
Contingency Plan for Flooding
Utility Gloves Pairs 10 MBLT 10 San Vicente, Santa Ana Readily Available
The total budgetary requirements for the completion of resource for the Contingency Plan
(Flood) are as follows:
245
Agencies Cost of Projected Cost of Current Amount of Source of
Contingency Plan for Flooding Needs Resources Gaps Fund
PDRRMO:
(5 HH Radios x 29 LDRRMF
municipalities + 5
PCCDRRMO = 150
HHR)
(8) Land Base High Frequency Radio @ 1,221,248.00 610,624.00 610,624.00 PGC
76,328.00 each
(+8 more to the LDRRMF
different Islands in
the North such as
Valley Cove, Bolos
Point, Baguio Point,
Pallaui Island,
Babuyan Claro,
Dallupiri Island and
(2) for DRRM
Transport)
(15) Satellite Phones and portable VHF @ 1,116,500.00 577,500.00 539,000.00 PGC
38,500.00 each
(+14 more to be LDRRMF
given to frontline
agencies such as
PSWDO, PHO, PIO,
PNP, BFP, PCG,
AFP, OPA, PEO,
GSO, CDC and (3)
for PCCDRRMO)
245
Agencies Cost of Projected Needs Cost of Current Amount of Gaps Source of
Contingency Plan for Flooding Resources Fund
PSWDO:
Rice:
PGSO
(1) Warehouse
PDRRMO
(8) Land Base High Frequency Radio @ 1,221,248.00 610,624.00 610,624.00 PGC
76,328.00 each
(+8 more to the different LDRRM
Islands in the North such F
as Valley Cove, Bolos
Point, Baguio Point,
Pallaui Island, Babuyan
Claro, Dallupiri Island and
(2) for DRRM Transport)
(15) Satellite Phones and portable VHF @ 1,116,500.00 577,500.00 539,000.00 PGC
38,500.00 each
(+14 more to be given to LDRRM
frontline agencies such as F
PSWDO, PHO, PIO, PNP,
BFP, PCG, AFP, OPA,
PEO, GSO, CDC and (3)
for PCCDRRMO)
Members: DILG-Cagayan, 17th IB – Phil. Army, BFP – Cagayan, Phil. Coast Guard, MBLT-10
245
Contingency Plan for Flooding
(6) Loaders
(1) Crane
(2) Elf
245
Contingency Plan for Flooding
245
Contingency Plan for Flooding
HEALTH/WASH CLUSTER
Lead: PHO
Members: PSWDO, CVMC, MTWD, Phil. Red Cross, GSO
CVMC
Ambulance 1,200,000.00
(1) Warehouse
PDRRMO
(5 HH Radios x 29 LDRRM
municipalities + 5 F
PCCDRRMO = 150
HHR)
(8) Land Base High Frequency Radio @ 1,221,248.00 610,624.00 610,624.00 PGC
76,328.00 each
(+8 more to the different LDRRM
Islands in the North such F
as Valley Cove, Bolos
Point, Baguio Point,
Pallaui Island, Babuyan
Claro, Dallupiri Island
and (2) for DRRM
Transport)
(15) Satellite Phones and portable VHF 1,116,500.00 577,500.00 539,000.00 PGC
@ 38,500.00 each
(+14 more to be given to LDRRM
frontline agencies such F
as PSWDO, PHO, PIO,
PNP, BFP, PCG, AFP,
OPA, PEO, GSO, CDC
245
Contingency Plan for Flooding
(1) Inflatable Rubber Boat with Outboard 1,166,666.64 388,888.88 777,777.76 PGC
Motor, 10 Life Jackets and 6 Life Rings
(+2 more for LDRRM
PCCDRRMO) F
-
Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office
245
Contingency Plan for Flooding
PGSO
PVO
PSWDO:
245
Contingency Plan for Flooding
Rice:
245
Contingency Plan for Flooding
LOGISTIC CLUSTER
Lead: GSO
Members: PDRRMO, PSWDO, Provincial Treasurer’s Office, Provincial Budget Office, PEO,
CAGELCO 1 & 2
245
Agencies Cost of Projected Needs Cost of Current Amount of Source of Fund
Contingency Plan for Flooding Resources Gaps
PSWDO
Rice:
PDRRMO
EDUCATION CLUSTER
Lead: DepEd
Members: Provincial Tourism Office, PNP – Cagayan, OPA, PSWDO, BFP-Cagayan
Agencies Cost of Projected Cost of Current Amount of Source of Fund
Needs Resources Gaps
PSWDO
Rice:
PDRRMO
(5 HH Radios x 29 LDRRMF
municipalities + 5
PCCDRRMO = 150
HHR)
(8) Land Base High Frequency Radio @ 1,221,248.00 610,624.00 610,624.00 PGC
76,328.00 each
(+8 more to the LDRRMF
different Islands in the
North such as Valley
Cove, Bolos Point,
Baguio Point, Pallaui
Island, Babuyan
Claro, Dallupiri Island
and (2) for DRRM
Transport)
(15) Satellite Phones and portable VHF @ 1,116,500.00 577,500.00 539,000.00 PGC
38,500.00 each
(+14 more to be given LDRRMF
to frontline agencies
such as PSWDO,
PHO, PIO, PNP, BFP,
PCG, AFP, OPA,
PEO, GSO, CDC and
(3) for PCCDRRMO)
245
Contingency Plan for Flooding
245
Contingency Plan for Flooding
52,990.00 each
(1) Inflatable Rubber Boat with Outboard 1,166,666.64 388,888.88 777,777.76 PGC
Motor, 10 Life Jackets and 6 Life Rings
(+2 more for LDRRMF
PCCDRRMO)
CVMC
Ambulance 1,200,000.00
PHO
245
Contingency Plan for Flooding
PVO
PAG-ASA
(4) Single Sided Band Handheld Radio @ 90,000.00 36,000.00 54,000.00 PAGASA/AIP
9,000.00 each
(+6 more for
PAGASA)
Lead: DILG
Members: PDRRMO, PHO, OCD-RO2, PSWDO, Phil. Red Cross
Agencies Cost of Projected Needs Cost of Current Amount of Source of
Resources Gaps Fund
PHO
PGSO
PDRRMO
245
Contingency Plan for Flooding
(5 HH Radios x 29
municipalities + 5
PCCDRRMO = 150 HHR)
(8) Land Base High Frequency Radio @ 1,221,248.00 610,624.00 610,624.00 PGC
76,328.00 each
(+8 more to the different LDRRMF
Islands in the North such as
Valley Cove, Bolos Point,
Baguio Point, Pallaui Island,
Babuyan Claro, Dallupiri
Island and (2) for DRRM
Transport)
(15) Satellite Phones and portable VHF @ 1,116,500.00 577,500.00 539,000.00 PGC
38,500.00 each
(+14 more to be given to LDRRMF
frontline agencies such as
PSWDO, PHO, PIO, PNP,
BFP, PCG, AFP, OPA, PEO,
GSO, CDC and (3) for
PCCDRRMO)
777,777.76 PGC
Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office
LDRRMF
245
Contingency Plan for Flooding
TFLC AIP
Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office
245
Contingency Plan for Flooding
(1) Warehouse
Lead: PNP-Cagayan
Members: 17th IB – Phil. Army, BFP – Cagayan, Phil. Coast Guard, SP-DRRM Committee, MBLT-10,
PNP-Maritime (RMU2), DILG-Cagayan, Provincial Legal Office
Agencies Cost of Projected Needs Cost of Current Amount of Gaps Source of
Resources Fund
BFP Cagayan
245
Contingency Plan for Flooding
for province.
(22) Printer Canon MP237 @ 6,000.00 each 180,000.00 132,000.00 48,000.00 BFP/AIP
(35) Pike Headed Axe @ 1,500.00 each 90,000.00 52,500.00 37,500.00 BFP/AIP
(19) Bold Cutter (RIGID 24”) @ 2,000.00 60,000.00 38,000.00 22,000.00 BFP/AIP
each
(+11 more for BFP
province wide)
(159) Pairs of Fire Boots @ 5,000.00 each 1,500,000.00 795,000.00 705,000.00 BFP/AIP
(267) Fire Coat and Trouser @ 6,000.00 1,800,000.00 1,602,000.00 198,000.00 BFP/AIP
each
(+33 pieces for BFP
245
Contingency Plan for Flooding
(216) Fire Hose (11/2”) @ 3,500.00 each 1,050,000.00 756,000.00 294,000.00 BFP/AIP
(102) Fire Hose (21/2”) @ 4,000.00 each 1,200,000.00 408,000.00 792,000.00 BFP/AIP
(2) SBA - - -
PDRRMO
(5 HH Radios x 29 LDRRMF
municipalities + 5
PCCDRRMO = 150
HHR)
(8) Land Base High Frequency Radio @ 1,221,248.00 610,624.00 610,624.00 PGC
76,328.00 each
(+8 more to the different LDRRMF
Islands in the North such
as Valley Cove, Bolos
Point, Baguio Point,
Pallaui Island, Babuyan
Claro, Dallupiri Island
and (2) for DRRM
Transport)
(15) Satellite Phones and portable VHF @ 1,116,500.00 577,500.00 539,000.00 PGC
38,500.00 each
(+14 more to be given to LDRRMF
frontline agencies such as
PSWDO, PHO, PIO,
PNP, BFP, PCG, AFP,
OPA, PEO, GSO, CDC
and (3) for PCCDRRMO)
-
Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office
245
Contingency Plan for Flooding
(1) Inflatable Rubber Boat with Outboard 1,166,666.64 388,888.88 777,777.76 PGC
Motor, 10 Life Jackets and 6 Life Rings
(+2 more for LDRRMF
PCCDRRMO)
5,400,000.00 PGC
Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office
LDRRMF
245
Contingency Plan for Flooding
(+ 1 more for
PCCDRRMO)
PSWDO
Rice:
PGSO
245
Contingency Plan for Flooding
PDRRMO
(5 HH Radios x 29 LDRRM
municipalities + 5 F
PCCDRRMO = 150 HHR)
(8) Land Base High Frequency Radio @ 1,221,248.00 610,624.00 610,624.00 PGC
76,328.00 each
(+8 more to the different LDRRM
Islands in the North such as F
Valley Cove, Bolos Point,
Baguio Point, Pallaui
Island, Babuyan Claro,
Dallupiri Island and (2) for
DRRM Transport)
(15) Satellite Phones and portable VHF @ 1,116,500.00 577,500.00 539,000.00 PGC
38,500.00 each
(+14 more to be given to LDRRM
frontline agencies such as F
PSWDO, PHO, PIO, PNP,
BFP, PCG, AFP, OPA,
PEO, GSO, CDC and (3)
for PCCDRRMO)
245
Contingency Plan for Flooding
(1) Inflatable Rubber Boat with Outboard 1,166,666.64 388,888.88 777,777.76 PGC
Motor, 10 Life Jackets and 6 Life Rings
(+2 more for PCCDRRMO) LDRRM
F
245
Contingency Plan for Flooding
The total resource requirements for all the clusters are as shown:
Emergency Telecommunications
Cluster Description Projected Needs Current Resources Gaps Source
PSWDO 1,202,500.00
PGSO 1,114,000.00
PGSO 1,114,000.00
PEO 49,350,000.00
PSWDO 1,202,500.00
PGSO 1,114,000.00
PEO 49,350,000.00
HEALTH/WASH
Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office
Gaps Source
245
Contingency Plan for Flooding
PSWDO 1,202,500.00
PGSO 1,114,000.00
CVMC 1,200,000.00
LOGISTIC
PSWDO 1,202,500.00
PEO 49,350,000.00
PGSO 1,114,000.00
EDUCATION
PSWDO 1,202,500.00
CVMC 1,200,000.00
PGSO 1,114,000.00
PSWDO 1,202,500.00
PGSO 1,114,000.00
Gaps Source
245
Contingency Plan for Flooding
PEO 49,350,000.00
PGSO 1,114,000.00
245
Contingency Plan for Flooding
It is important for the LGU/ agency/ office/ organization to have an organized response system in
order to accomplish the goal and objectives of the Contingency Plan. Such requires technical
information about the different response arrangements used in DRRM and CM, particularly the
Response Clusters, Emergency Operations Center (EOC) and Incident Command System (ICS).
Cagayan is the repository of information and main hub for coordination of the PDRRMC. It serves
as the main communication link for all corresponding units, receives emergency and non- emergency
calls, monitors the security and surveillance cameras province wide, dispatches call to concerned
corresponding unit, receives data and reports from responding units.
Liaison Group
245
Contingency Plan for Flooding
Incident Commander
Liaison Officer
Safety Officer
Public
For reference, here are the general roles and responsibilities of the IMT.
POSITION ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
Command Staff General Staff
Incident Commander: Overall manages the incident Command
Staff.
Public Information Officer: Interacts with the media and public.
Safety Officer: Assesses all operational safety
concerns.
Liaison Officer: Point of contact for other agencies
General Staff.
Operations Section Chief Implements tactical activities.
Planning Section Chief: Collects information and prepares
reports.
Logistics Section Chief: Provides facilities and services support.
Finance and Administration Section Monitors and approves expenditures.
Chief:
Single command shall be used in managing the flood. All the operational teams identified in the clusters
shall work under the supervision of the Operations Section Chief.
3. Interoperability
Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office
PDRRMC Chairperson
245
Contingency Plan for Flooding
E
O
Communica Relief and Evacuatio Medical Security Transportatio SRR Engineerin
C -tion and Registratio n (PHO) (PNP) n (GSO) (PDRRMO g&
Warning n (DepEd) /QRT) Restoration
(PDRRMO & (PSWDO) (PEO)
PIO)
PIO
Liaison Officer
The Chairperson of the PDRRMC of Cagayan shall supervise the coordination activities and
strategic decisions of the clusters. These decisions shall then be communicated to the IC through the
EOC. The IC, on the other hand, shall report the tactical activities to the EOC going to the clusters.
245
Contingency Plan for Flooding
The procedures for activating and deactivating the contingency plan shall adhere to the
flowchart below:
The contingency plan shall be activated based on the findings of Pre-Disaster Risk Assessment
(PDRA) by the PDRRMC, leading to the activation of the EOC. The Governor shall then convene all the
clusters to assess the situation. Afterwards, Governor shall officially activ ate ICS and delegate authority
to the IC coming from the PDRRMO. The IC shall then proceed to organize the IMT and implement
tactical activities based on the strategic decisions of the clusters.
The contingency plan shall be deactivated once the situation has improved and when heightened alert is
no longer required. The recommendation for deactivation shall emanate from the IC going to Governor
via the EOC. Once deactivated, operation will still remain until such time that the EOC will be back to
“white alert” status. At this point, the operation is already terminated.
B. NON-ACTIVATION
In case that the flood will not take place in the months of June to December, the contingency plan will
not be activated. In the case, the plan will be maintained as a perpetual plan for future use in the event of
upcoming floods.
245
Contingency Plan for Flooding
The working group shall be the focal body in-charge of the refinement, finalization, testing,
evaluation, packaging, updating and improvement of the contingency plan under the supervision of the
Provincial DRRM officer. The group shall work closely with the planners of the Province for the
attainment of the CP objectives.
Functions:
1. Facilitate the refinement and finalization of the contingency plan to include testing, evaluation, packaging,
updating, and improvement;
2. Develop work plan for the competition and updating of the contingency plan;
3. Organize consultation meetings with the planners and relevant subject matter experts regarding the
development of the contingency plan; and
4. Facilitate the presentation and endorsement of the contingency plan to Chairperson, PDRRMC and
Sangguniang Panlalawigan for comments and approval.
245
Contingency Plan for Flooding
Description:
Infectious diseases have vastly impacted human civilization throughout the years. Around fifty
years ago, many people believed that the age-old battle of humans against infectious disease was
virtually over and that humankind was the winner. Unfortunately, for certain traditional diseases,
infectious diseases remain the leading cause of death. Infectious diseases have continuously affected
human health and there has been a relentless appearance of various infectious disease outbreaks
reported, including the plague that scourged Europe during the Middle Ages, yellow fever that
demolished Napoleon’s forces in Haiti during the early nineteenth century, and the influenza that
caused a pandemic with the highest fatality (around 50 million deaths) in 1918. In the twentieth
century, by increasing public health knowledge and interventions, the burden of infectious diseases
was reduced, particularly in more developed countries. Industrialization and urbanization brought great
improvements in sanitation, house structural development (such as windows screened with netting),
and vector control. These measures collectively ameliorated the transmission rates by reducing contact
with particular infectious agents.
In addition, the discovery of medicine as well as various vaccines, ushered the era of treatment
and prevention in public health, significantly contributing to the eradication of certain infectious
diseases. Several health organizations were established that led multiple campaigns to completely
eradicate specific infectious diseases. These campaigns and actions established optimism and
confidence to combat and control various infectious diseases worldwide.
In the recent past, the Philippines has seen many outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases and
it continues to be susceptible to the threat of re-emerging infections such as leptospirosis, dengue,
meningococcemia, and tuberculosis. The current situation emphasizes the risks and highlights the need
to improve preparedness at local, national, and international levels against future pandemics. New
pathogens will continue to emerge and spread across regions and will challenge public health as never
before signifying grim repercussions and health burden. These may cause countless morbidities and
mortalities, disrupting trade and negatively affecting the economy.
There are several social factors contributing to the emergence of novel infectious diseases and
the resurgence of controlled or eradicated infectious diseases in our country. These contributing factors
are namely: (1) Demographic factors like the population distribution and density, (2) international
travel/ tourism and
Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office increased OFWs, (3)
Socio-economic factors,
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and (4) Environmental factors. The latter includes our country’s vulnerability to disasters, increased
livestock production, man-made ecological changes or industries, and lastly urbanization which
encroach and destroy animal habitats.
Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases are unpredictable and create a gap between
planning and concrete action. To address this gap, there is a need to come up with proactive systems
that would ensure preparedness and response in anticipation of negative consequences that may result
in pandemic proportions of diseases. Proactive and multi-disciplinary preparedness must be in place to
reduce the impact of public health threats.
Difference between Emerging from Re-emerging Infectious Diseases. EIDs are defined as
diseases whose incidence numbers in humans have increased in the past two decades, causing public
health problems either locally or internationally, these are diseases that have not occurred in humans
before. Re-emerging Infectious Disease (REIDs) are diseases that were once major health problems
and then declined dramatically but are recently reoccurring, leading to major health complications.
Causes of Infectious Disease. There are five major types of infectious agents: bacteria, viruses,
fungi, protozoa, and helminths. In addition, a new class of infectious agents, the prions, has recently
been recognized.
Occurrence. Epidemiologists act as "detectives" who track down the cause of a "new" disease,
determine its reservoir and mode of transmission, and help organize various healthcare workers to
bring the disease under control.
Disease Reservoir. The reservoir for a disease is the site where the infectious agent survives.
The following examples may serve as a reservoir for diseases:
1. Human reservoir for the measles virus because it does not infect other organisms.
3. Non-living reservoir such as soil is the reservoir for many pathogenic fungi as well as some
pathogenic bacteria such as Clostridium tetani, which causes tetanus.
Modes of transmission. Infectious agents may be transmitted through either direct or indirect
contact. Transmission by direct contact also includes inhaling the infectious agent in droplets emitted
by sneezing or coughing and contracting the infectious agent through intimate sexual contact. Some
diseases that are transmitted primarily by direct contact with the reservoir include ringworm, AIDS,
trichinosis, influenza, rabies, and malaria.
a. Indirect contact occurs when a pathogen can withstand the environment outside its host for a long
period before infecting
Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office
another individual.
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Inanimate objects that are contaminated by direct contact with the reservoir (for example, a tissue used
to wipe the nose of an individual who has a cold or a toy that has been handled by a sick child) may be
the indirect contact for a susceptible individual. Ingesting food and beverages contaminated by contact
with a disease reservoir is another example of disease transmission by indirect contact. The fecal-oral
route of transmission, in which sewage-contaminated water is used for drinking, washing, or preparing
foods, is a significant form of indirect transmission, especially for gastrointestinal diseases such as
cholera, rotavirus infection, cryptosporidiosis, and giardiasis.
b. Modes of transmission such as horizontal transmission (from person to person in a group) and vertical
transmission that is transmitted (from parent to child during the processes of reproduction). Diseases in
which vertical transmission occurs include AIDS and herpes encephalitis (which occurs when an infant
contracts the herpes simplex type II virus during vaginal birth).
Management. The health crisis brought about by EID and REID has proved that there is
still a lack of preparedness and response from our province when it comes to combating large-scale
epidemics and pandemics. Hence the province aims to have an organized system that focuses on
planning and management of outbreaks due to infectious diseases that have the potential to become
epidemics and pandemics. The province conforms to and adopts the vision, mission, and goals set by
the Department of Health (DOH) which are as follows:
Vision
A health system that is resilient, capable to prevent, detect and respond to the public health threats
caused by emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases.
Mission
Provide and strengthen an integrated, responsive, and collaborative health system for emerging and re-
emerging infectious diseases towards a healthy and bio-secure country.
Goal
Prevention and control of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases from becoming public health
problems, as indicated by EREID case fatality rate of less than one percent.
Target Population/ Client. All ages; Citizens of the Province of Cagayan and visitors
from the neighboring provinces/municipalities
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Program Strategies, Actions Points. To achieve this goal within the medium term, with a
benchmark of less than one percent EREID case fatality rate, the EREID Program Strategic Investment
Plan highlights the seven Strategic Priorities, each with the following goals:
Management and Mobilization. To effectively manage and mobilize available resources from
the Provincial Government Cagayan, partners and donations are needed in EREID detection,
preparedness, and response.
Building Health Human Resource Capacity. Healthcare professionals are skilled, competent,
and motivated in the detection, prevention, and management of EREID cases, with the provision of
supervised psychosocial support and risk communication.
Immunity. When a host encounters an antigen that triggers a specific immune response
for the second or later time, the memory lymphocytes recognize it and quickly begin growing and
dividing, as well as producing high levels of lymphokines and antibodies. Because memory cells are
present, this response happens much more quickly than in the initial encounter with the antigen. This
rapid response explains why hosts are immune to developing many diseases a second time: The
immune response occurs so quickly in a second encounter with the pathogen that the pathogen does not
have enough time to reproduce to levels that result in disease before the host's body has destroyed it.
The memory response also explains the effectiveness of vaccination for preventing even the first
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Currently, new types of vaccines, the DNA vaccines, are in early-stage trials. These vaccines contain
genes that encode proteins from pathogens. When these genes are inserted into host cells and are
expressed in the form of pathogen proteins, an immune reaction may result. The ultimate effectiveness
of vaccination—the eradication of the infectious agent—has been achieved only for smallpox. The
World Health Organization has identified polio and measles viruses as the next targets for global
eradication.
For a variety of reasons, many diseases are not easily prevented by vaccination. Antibody
response is generally the simplest to induce by vaccination, but some pathogens have ways to evade
the immune response. Intracellular pathogens (such as viruses and some bacterial and protozoan
pathogens) are not directly affected by antibodies because antibodies cannot pass inside cells.
Moreover, during the disease process, some pathogens acquire an external coat composed of host-
derived material while others disguise themselves by making molecules that resemble host molecules.
Thus, the host's immune system does not identify them as foreign invaders. Still, other pathogens
mutate quickly, producing variants of their antigens that are not recognized by the host's immune
system, even though the host survived a previous encounter with that pathogen. Cold and influenza
viruses are examples of rapidly mutating pathogens. Scientists are working to improve vaccines against
these pathogens
Public Health Measures to prevent Infectious Diseases. The province has developed
regulations that help protect the general public from infectious diseases. Public health measures
typically involve eliminating the pathogen from its reservoir to its route of transmission. Those
measures include ensuring a safe water supply, effectively managing sewage treatment and disposal,
and initiating food safety, animal control, and vaccination programs.
Safe Water. Many pathogens that cause gastrointestinal diseases such as cholera and typhoid
fever are transmitted through water. The people of Cagayan are frequently advised to be immunized
against these diseases. This is generally necessary for the province because the water used for washing,
drinking, and preparing food is not purified. Water used from drinking must undergo purification
methods that include settling, filtration, and chlorination especially when there is a flood.
Gastrointestinal
Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office
pathogens typically
leave the body in the
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feces, public water must be guarded against contamination from sewage. Municipal water is usually
tested for the presence of coliform organisms (nonpathogenic microorganisms that are part of the
normal flora of the gastrointestinal tract) as indicators of sewage contamination. This procedure is
necessary because when the water contains pathogens and pathogenic organisms are usually tiny that
they are hard to detect.
Sewage treatment and disposal. Sewage includes wash water, water from toilets, and
storm run-off. These fluids may carry the pathogens for many waterborne diseases, including giardiasis
and hepatitis therefore; to ensure public safety, the province requires that sewage be treated to
eliminate pathogens.
Food Safety Programs. The Philippines has many standards, inspection plans, and regulations
regarding food preparation, handling, and distribution. Meat facilities are inspected regularly,
especially meat cuttings are observed to avoid contamination by bacteria and other parasites.
Restaurants and supermarkets are similarly inspected too. Milk is pasteurized and dated for sale and is
analyzed periodically to avoid contamination as well. Industry standards are maintained through
periodic quality control checks, and if contamination is found in representatives of any batches, public
health officials recall the entire batch and alert the public through the media.
Animal Control Programs. Animals are carriers of many diseases that affect humans.
Inspecting domestic herd animals for tuberculosis (due to the bacterium Mycobacterium bovis) and
brucellosis (a disease that causes spontaneous abortion in domestic herd animals and abscesses of the
liver, spleen, bone marrow, and lymph nodes in humans) helped eliminate the threat of passing the
pathogens of these diseases to humans in contaminated milk and meat. Dog owners must show proof of
rabies vaccination because most cases of rabies among people in the province are due to bites from
wild and stray animals, and health officials are mandated to impound these animals. Many diseases,
including bubonic plague, are spread by rodents, and rat control, especially in urban areas, is a major
component of public health efforts. Insects also transmit many diseases (a notable example is a
malaria). The spread of insect-borne diseases can be controlled by eliminating breeding areas for
insects (for example, draining areas where stagnant water collects) and using pesticides. Imported
animals must be tested for specific diseases to prevent the introduction and spread of these diseases
into the country.
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disease will be unable to reproduce itself at a high enough level to maintain itself in the population.
This is because once the infected host recovers or dies, there will not be enough new, susceptible hosts
for the pathogen to infect. Eventually, the pathogen cannot spread any further and could be eliminated
from the population. Even if the elimination of the pathogen does not occur, there will be relatively
few cases of the related disease, and epidemics of the disease in the population will be avoided. This
phenomenon is called herd immunity. Vaccination programs led by public health officials aim to
achieve the immunization of at least the threshold number of individuals in the population.
Public Health Organization. The province has enforced regulations, provides public
health services such as vaccination programs, and monitors and reports the incidence of particular
diseases to concern agencies. Public health agencies are affiliated with laboratories and staff
epidemiologists for investigating disease cases.
Treatment for Bacterial Diseases. Bacteria are prokaryotes, it has been relatively easy
to find and develop antibacterial drugs that have minimal side effects. These drugs target structural
features and metabolic characteristics of prokaryotes that are significantly different from those in
eukaryotic cells. Drugs used to treat bacterial diseases can be grouped into categories based on their
modes of action. In general, these drugs inhibit cell wall synthesis, protein synthesis, nucleic acid
synthesis, or other enzyme-catalyzed reactions.
Treatment of Viral Diseases. In general, drugs that effectively inhibit viral infections
are highly toxic to host cells because viruses use the host's metabolic enzymes in their reproduction.
For this reason, most illnesses due to viruses are treated symptomatically until the host's immune
system controls and eliminate the pathogen (or the host dies). Antiviral drugs that are used typically
target virus-specific enzymes involved in the viral nucleic acid synthesis.
Treatment of Fungal and Parasitic Diseases. The development of drugs to treat fungal,
protozoan, and helminthic diseases is challenging because agents that kill or inhibit the growth of these
eukaryotic organisms are also highly toxic to mammalian cells. Fungi and protozoa are rapidly
proliferating cells, and
Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office
drugs against these
organisms tend to target
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key components of their replicative or biosynthetic pathways. Common antifungals inhibit sterol
syntheses (the azole derivatives) or disrupt the cell membrane (polyenes like amphotericin B). Most
antihelminthic drugs target adult worms, which are no longer growing and do not replicate. These
drugs are often aimed at inhibiting fundamental processes, such as energy production and muscle
function (for example, the benzimidazoles and avermectins), or at targets involved in egg production or
larval development.
Health and Safety Protocols. The province has responded to the pandemic by
implementing multiple protocols and procedures to keep all of its constituents safe and healthy.
Everyone is expected to stay in compliance with the Department of Heath Safety Guidelines. The
province has established the health and safety protocols for guidance, control and treatment which are
as follows:
In addition to the above-mentioned safety and health protocols, establishments, institutions and other
instrumentalities are required/advised to implement the following:
1. Covid -19 reminders must be posted in conspicuous places. (Ex. No facemask/face shield
no entry), Please sanitized here etc.)
2. Isolation barriers must be placed in entrances/information desks/cashiers/booths.
3. Health declaration form must be filled-up upon entering the premise.
4. Use of alcohol dispenser.
5. Use of thermal scanner
6. Use of foot bath mat
7. Must have a designated triage
8. Must have holding area
9. Must have an isolation
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area
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Updated Guidelines on Quarantine, Isolation, and Testing for COVID-19 Response and Case
Management for the Omicron Variant
a. The presence of a highly transmissible COVID-19 variant, Omicron, highlights the need for adaptive
changes to ensure continued availability of health and essential services. Because mass vaccination
has significantly reduced the individual's chances of getting severe disease and dying, our policies
and guidelines on testing, quarantine and isolation are being updated to reflect the current state of
information and achieve a favorable risk-benefit ratio.
b. Based on the current Omicron situation and updated recommendations from the Philippine COVID-
19 Living Recommendations and Department of Health (DOH) Technical Advisory Group (TAG),
these guidelines are hereby issued to update protocols for isolation, quarantine and testing for
COVID-19 across all age groups, as stipulated in the provisions of Department Memorandum No.
2020-0512 “Revised Omnibus Interim Guidelines on Prevention, Detection, Isolation, Treatment, and
Reintegration Strategies for COVID-19” that were reiterated in the DOH Administrative Order No.
2021-0043 “Omnibus Guidelines on the Minimum Public Health Standards for the Safe Reopening of
Institutions”. However, this does not preclude the DOH to revert to previously issued protocols and
issue necessary updated guidelines based on current evidences and trends.
I. IMPLEMENTING GUIDELINES
A. Quarantine of Asymptomatic Close Contacts
1. Fully vaccinated asymptomatic close contacts of individuals with symptoms, suspect, probable, or
confirmed cases shall quarantine for at least 5 days from the date of the last exposure. Quarantine can
be discontinued at the end of the set quarantine period if they have remained asymptomatic during the
whole recommended quarantine period regardless if testing has been done and resulted negative.
2. Partially vaccinated or unvaccinated asymptomatic close contacts of individuals with symptoms,
suspect, probable, or confirmed cases shall quarantine for at least 14 days from the date of the last
exposure. Quarantine can be discontinued at the end of the set quarantine period if they have remained
asymptomatic during the whole recommended quarantine period regardless if testing has been done
and resulted negative.
3. All asymptomatic close
Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office contacts shall not be
required testing unless
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symptoms will develop, and should immediately isolate regardless of test results.
4. All asymptomatic close contacts shall conduct symptom monitoring for at least 14 days, regardless of
shortened quarantine period. They shall strictly observe minimum public health standards, including
physical distancing, hand hygiene, cough etiquette, and wearing of masks, among others, regardless of
vaccination status.
5. Hospital Infection Prevention and Control Committees (IPCC), Health Offices from Provinces, Highly
Urbanized Cities, and Independent Component Cities coordinated with their corresponding hospital
IPCC, and other sectors authorized by the IATF with strict industry regulations on infection prevention
and control (IPC) shall be authorized to implement further shortening of quarantine duration up to 10
days for their fully vaccinated workers with boosters who are close contacts based on the institution’s
individualized risk and needs assessment.
6. Intensive contact tracing and testing of asymptomatic close contacts are not recommended priority
interventions in areas with large scale community transmission.
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hours without the use of any antipyretic medications, and shall have improvement of respiratory signs
and symptoms.
5. All individuals with symptoms and suspect, probable, and confirmed cases presenting with moderate
symptoms, regardless of vaccination status, shall be isolated for at least 10 days from onset of signs and
symptoms. Isolation can be discontinued without the need for repeat testing upon completion of the
recommended isolation period, provided that they do not have fever for at least 24 hours without the
use of any antipyretic medications, and shall have improvement of respiratory signs and symptoms.
6. All individuals with symptoms and suspect, probable, and confirmed cases presenting with severe and
critical symptoms. Regardless of vaccination status, shall be isolated for at least 21 days from onset of
signs and symptoms. Isolation can be discontinued without the need for repeat testing upon completion
of the recommended isolation period, provided that they do not have fever for at least 24 hours without
the use of any antipyretic medications, and shall have improvement of respiratory signs and symptoms.
7. All symptomatic immunocompromised confirmed cases, as outlined below, shall be isolated for at least
21 days from onset of signs and symptoms. Regardless of vaccination status. These shall include
patients with:
a. Autoimmune disease
b. HIV
c. Cancer/ malignancy
d. Undergoing steroid treatment
e. Transplant patients, and
f. Patients with poor prognosis or bed-ridden.
Note: Isolation can be discontinued upon completion of the recommended isolation period, provided
that they do not have fever for at least 24 hours without the use of any antipyretic medications, and
shall have improvement of respiratory signs and symptoms. Repeat RT-PCR testing shall also be
recommended for this group. If results turn out negative, they may be discharged from isolation. If
results turn out positive, refer to an Infectious Disease Specialist who may issue clearance and
discharge if warranted.
II. Hospital IPCC, city and provincial health offices coordinated with provincial or city HIPCC, and
other sectors authorized by the IATF with strict industry regulations on IPC shall be authorized to
implement further shortening of isolation protocols up to 5 days for their fully vaccinated workers
with boosters who are suspect, probable, and confirmed cases whether asymptomatic, mild, or
moderate, based on the institution’s individualized risk and needs assessment.
III. Repeat testing nor medical certification is not required for the safe reintegration into the community,
except for immunocompromised individuals. Time based isolation is sufficient provided the affected
individual remains
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asymptomatic.
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IV. All government agencies and instrumentalities, as well as private sectors are recommended to align
with the updated guidelines on quarantine, isolation, and testing for COVID-19 response consistent
with the new policy directions. Implementation of the updated testing policy with regards to other
agency’s guidelines shall take effect as indicated there.
1. Department Circular 2022-0002 “Advisory on COVID-19 Protocols for Quarantine and Isolation”
provisions on home quarantine and isolation for individuals with no symptoms, mild symptoms, and
moderate symptoms and for step-down management are further clarified that in extreme
circumstances (e.g. unavailability of TTMFs, and multiple household members are infected with no
single rooms available), individuals who are suspected of COVID-19 may be placed together in a
shared room provided that the bed shall be spaced at least 2 meters apart, with proper ventilation, and
temporary partitions to ensure patient privacy shall be placed between them.
2. To ensure promotion of their psychosocial well-being, individuals in quarantine and isolation are
recommended to maintain and continue lines of communication to family and friends. They may also
download the DOH Lusog-lsip Mobile Application for free (available in both Apple store and Google
play store) or access the National Center for Mental Health (NCMH) Crisis Hotline or the DOH
Regional Helplines
Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office (See Annex C) for
mental health and
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REFERENCES:
Sites Visited:
http://www.adrc.asia http://www.ndrrmc.gov.ph http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph
http://www.pagasa.dost.gov.ph http://www.ocd.gov.ph http://www.preventionweb.net
http://www.park.org/Philippines/government/gen.info.htm
http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines
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Role Names Office
Overall Coordinator Ruelie B. Rapsing Acting 0927-9926-871
PDRRMO
Secretariat Ms. Daisy Baguisi PDRRMO 0917-599-0298 cagayanpccdrrmc@yahoo.com
Ms. Jemma Aileen 0917-799-6739 cagpdrrmo2021@gmail.com
Cabauatan 0975-3243-829
Ms. Benita Sigua 0926-463-4272
Ms. Brenda Simon 0967-307-8413
Ms. Delma Antonio
Technical Staffs Ms. Daisy Baguisi PDRRMO 0917-599-0298 cagayanpccdrrmc@yahoo.com
Ms. Jemma Aileen Velasco 0917-799-6739 cagpdrrmo2021@gmail.com
Ms. Benita Sigua 0975-3243-829
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ANNEX II: ROLES AND
RESPONSIBILITIES
1. Overall Coordinator: in-charge of the CP process; monitors the progress of CP; initiates the
conduct of meetings to review, evaluate and update the contingency plan, as necessary;
disseminates updates on the contingency plan to agencies/ offices concerned; leads the conduct
of simulation exercises to test the coherence and integrity of the plan.
2. Secretariat: documents proceedings of the meetings, workshops and simulation exercises; take
charges of the reproduction and distribution of the contingency plan and other materials to the
concerned meeting attendees and workshop participants.
3. Technical Staffs: write the contents of the actual contingency plan; assimilates comments,
inputs and recommendations gathered during meetings, workshops, and simulation exercises to
improve the contingency plan; consolidates the outputs from the clusters and integrates them into
the overall contingency plan.
4. Cluster Leads: facilities the completion of the sub-plan for the respective cluster, including the
accomplishment of the CP forms; ensures the availability of data for the specific cluster;
coordinates with other clusters to ensure that the preparation of sub-plan is on track, that the
different clusters plan is consistent with each other, and that all clusters are familiarized with
their tasks likely to be performed in case of an emergency.
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ANNEX III. GAP IDENTIFICATION
This annex shows the different agencies and what cluster ther are associated.
Clusters Offices involved
P P P B A P P D P P C P G P P P L R Red O P P D Brgy. D P Volunteer M P P C P P P All Lead Offices
D I N F F C L e O A A u S A B T G E Cross P E H I Officials P V Groups/ T T S V E A P Schools
R O P P P G O p P G G g O O O O U S A O O L W O CSOs W O W M N O D in
R E E A E a C G H D D C R O Cagayan
M d / S L d U O O
C T A C E
F O L 29
L a
C w
I
i
&
n
II
Emergency Telecommuni-cations X X X X X X X X X X X X PIO
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ANNEX III. MAP OF THE PROVINCE OF
CAGAYAN
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ANNEX IV. PDRRMC DIRECTORY
PDRRMC DIRECTORY
AGENCY/OFFICE
AGENCY/OFFICE HEAD OF AGENCY/OFFICE CP# FOCAL PERSON CP# EMAIL ADDRESS
Landline#/Hotline#
2. Department of Interior and Local Dir. Elma F. Urbina, CESO V Jenalyn A. Carag 0917-590-6345 lgcdd.region02@gmail.com
Government (DILG) Provincial Director (078) 304- 1374 dilgcagayannorth@yahoo.com
3. Cagayan Provincial Police Office PCOL Julio S Gorospe Jr Pmaj Ramon Macarubbo 0916-400-2581 (078) 844-1469 ppsc_cagayan@yahoo.com
(CPPO) Provincial Director 0917-523-3562 (signal) opn_cagayanppo_ro2@yahoo.com
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Dir. Leon DG Rafael, Jr. (078) 304-1630
10.Office of Civil Defense (OCD) RO2 Regional Director Ronald L. Villa 0917-193-1116 304-1631 ocdrc2@gmail.com
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14. Sanguiniang Panlalawiganm (SP) -
DRRM Committee BM. Maria Rosario Soriano
ibuildpeocagayan@gmail.com
24. Provincial Engineering Office Engr. Vincent Taguba peomain1010@gmail.com
(PEO) Provincial Engineer 0975-434-8208 Marford P. Cagurangan 0936-059-3467 (078) 304-1720 sptungcul@yahoo.com
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Rogelio P. Sending, Jr.
Provincial information Office (PIO) OIC, Head 0916-771-8621
26. Provincial General Services Office Atty. Ian Luis C. Aguila, CPA
(PGSO) Provincial General Service Officer 0917-774-4030 Urbano Bacud 0916-853-3248 (078)304-1126 gso.cagayan@gmail.com
Jeanna C. Garma
30. Prov’l Accountant’s Office (PAO) Provincial Accountant 0917-551-5912 Maricel Pascasio 0906-507-6484 pgocgayanaccounting@yahoo.com
36. Office of the Provincial Pearlita Lucia P. Mabasa, Ph.D. 0917-585-9688 opacagayan@yahoo.com
Agriculturist (OPA) Provincial Agriculturist 0927-327-3538 0917-309-0480 opacagayan02@yahoo.com
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Atty. Rogelio Taliping Jr.
38.Provincial Legal Office (PLO) OIC, Provincial Legal Officer 0917-599-2996
0966-379-0753
51. Provincial Human Resource Atty. Louie
Alma May T. Gannaban
Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office
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Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office
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Conforme:
RUELIE B. RAPSING
Acting PDRRMO
APPROVED:
MANUEL N. MAMBA, MD
Governor & PDRRMC Chair
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