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Organic
Nomenclature and
Formula Writing
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 Physical Sciences

Unit

Organic
Nomenclature and
Formula Writing
 Organic Nomencl
Index
· Explain
· Carbon and its Bonds 06
· Organic Chemistry 06
· Organic Molecules 06
· Naming Organic Compounds 07
· Types of Formula 07
· Writing Formulas and Naming Organic Compounds 08
· Simple Hydrocarbons 08
· Saturated and Unsaturated Hydrocarbons 08
· Alkanes 08
· Alkenes 09
· Alkynes 09
· Branched-Chain Alkanes 10
· Halogenated Hydrocarbons 10
· Oxygenated Compounds 11
· Alcohols 11
· Ethers 12
· Carboxylic Acids 12
· Esters 13
· Aldehydes 13
· Ketones 14
· Nitrogenated Hydrocarbons 14
· Amines 14
· Amides 15
· Exercises 16

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lature and Formula Writing

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 Explain

Carbon and its Bonds

Outline
Organic Chemistry

Carbon is a key element to sustain life on Earth.

Single bond
Carbon is the fundamental component of biomolecules, the mole-
cules—such as DNA or sugars—synthesized by living organisms which
set them apart from lifeless matter.
Double bond
Carbon is important because:

It is relatively abundant in the Earth’s crust.

It has 4 valence electrons available for bonding. This allows carbon to
form a wide range of covalent bonds.
Triple bond

Carbon atoms form very stable bonds. This allows the formation of
very long chains called polymers.

Types of covalent bonds between Organic chemistry studies the majority of substances containing
two carbon atoms. carbon and their properties.

Organic Molecules

Molecules composed of chains of carbon atoms are called organ-

Substituents ic molecules.

Apart from carbon and hydrogen, these molecules can be formed of

atoms of other elements, which determine their physical and chemical
Functional properties.
group
Parent
chain An organic molecule consists of a:

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 Alkanes Alkenes Alkynes

Tables
Halogens Alcohols Ethers

Aldehydes Ketones Carboxylic Carbon atoms

acids Prefix
of the parent chain
1 meth-
2 eth-
Esters Amines Amides 3 prop-
4 but-
5 pent-
6 hex-
7 hept-
8 oct-
Functional group 9 non-
10 deca-
A functional group is the characteristic atom or group of atoms—
and the bonds that hold them together—determining the main physi- Parent chain
cal and chemical properties of an organic molecule.
The parent chain is the molecule’s longest
The functional group is given a name based on the atoms it is composed of chain of carbon atoms.
and the bonds they form.
This table shows some functional groups, with their names and formulas: The other shorter carbon chains coming off of the
The letters R, R’, and R’’ represent the parts of the organic molecule other main chain in a molecule are called substituents or
than the functional group. branch chains.
X represents a halogen element, that is, any element from group 17 in the The prefix used to name a molecule depends on the
periodic table. number of carbon atoms in the parent chain.

Naming Organic Compounds

Types of Formula
A chemical formula is an expression that informs us about the
composition of a pure substance. Interactivity
In organic chemistry, different types of chemical formula are used. The
three main types are:

Molecular formula. This formula represents the total number of at-
oms of each element present in one molecule, but it does not specify
the bonds they form.

Condensed formula. This formula is a simple representation of the
bonds in the molecule, including the carbon-carbon bonds and
those of functional groups, but not the carbon-to-hydrogen bonds. Representations of acetic acid.

Structural formula. This formula is a detailed representation of the
bonds in the molecule: it includes all atoms and bonds, but not their
actual distribution in space.

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 Outline Writing Formulas and Naming Organic Compounds
To identify a compound unequivocally, we need to use its structural or
condensed formula. The molecular formula, by comparison, is not al-
ways exclusive to a single compound.

For example, the molecular formula C2H4O2 corresponds to two different

molecules: methyl formate and acetic acid.

Given the huge variety of existing organic molecules, a system was de-
veloped to allow compounds to be named unequivocally from a struc-
tural or condensed formula, and vice versa.

Organic compounds are named and their formulas are written

Acetic acid (top) and methyl for- according to a system approved by the International Union of
mate (bottom) share the same mo- Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). This system is accepted
lecular formula: C2H4O2.
internationally.

Simple Hydrocarbons
Outline Saturated and Unsaturated Hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbons are organic compounds composed of

carbon and hydrogen atoms.

Hydrocarbons can be saturated or unsaturated:


Saturated hydrocarbons only have single bonds be-
tween the carbon atoms. The general form or molecular
formula of these compounds is CnH2n+2.
where n is the number of carbon atoms in the molecule.

Unsaturated hydrocarbons have at least one multiple
bond—whether double or triple—in the chain of carbon
atoms. As a result, the ratio of hydrogen atoms to carbon
atoms is lower than in saturated hydrocarbons, and its
molecular formula never takes the form CnH2n+2.

The ratio of hydrogen atoms to car-

bon atom is highest in saturated hy-
drocarbons.
Alkanes
Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons formed only of carbon and
hydrogen atoms joined by single bonds.

If the molecule is a single chain of carbon atoms—without branch

chains—are known as simple alkanes.

To name simple alkanes, the following IUPAC rules are used:

1. 
Count each carbon atom in the parent chain.
2. 
Use the prefix corresponding to the number of carbon atoms.
3. 
Place the suffix -ane at the end of the name.

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 Gallery

Alkenes
Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons which contain at least
one carbon-to-carbon double bond.

To name alkenes, the following IUPAC rules are used:

Gallery
1. 
Number the carbon atoms in the parent chain, beginning with the
end carbon closest to a double bond.
2. 
Use the prefix corresponding to the number of carbon atoms.
3. 
Write the number of the first carbon in the double bond, using
hyphens to separate numbers from words.
4. 
Place the suffix -ene at the end of the name.
If the double bond is found in the only possible location within the mol-
ecule, its position does not need to be indicated.
If more than one double bond is present, write out the number of the first
carbon of each double bond in between commas, making sure to use the
lowest-possible set of numbers. Then, add the infix -di-, -tri-, and so on.

Alkynes
Alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons which contain at least
one carbon-to-carbon triple bond.

To name alkynes, the following IUPAC rules are used:

1. 
Number the carbon atoms in the chain, starting at the end closest
to the triple bond.
2. 
Write the prefix corresponding to the number of carbon atoms.
3. 
Write the number of the first carbon in the triple bond, using hy-
phens to separate numbers from words.
4. 
Place the suffix -yne at the end of the name.

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 If the triple bond is found in the only possible location within the mol-
ecule, its position does not need to be indicated.
Gallery If more than one triple bond is present, write out the number of the first
carbon of each triple bond, using commas to separate numbers and
making sure to use the lowest-possible set of numbers. Then, add the in-
fix -di-, -tri-, and so on.

Ethyne (acetylene) Penta-1,3-diyne But-2-yne Propyne

Branched-Chain Alkanes
Branched-chain alkanes are alkanes with chains of carbon atoms
laid out as side branches (substituent groups) of the parent chain.

To name branched-chain alkanes, the following IUPAC rules are used:

1. 
Find the parent chain (the longest carbon chain in the molecule).
2. 
Number each carbon in the parent chain, starting from the end car-
bon closest to a substituent group.
3. 
If necessary, write the number of the carbon atom in the parent
Gallery chain which the substituent is bonded to followed by a hyphen.
4. 
Write the name of the substituent, using the prefix corresponding to
the number of carbons in the branch and the suffix -yl.
5. 
Write the name of the parent chain, according to the number of car-
bons forming it, as if it were a simple alkane.
If the alkane has different substituent groups attached to the parent
chain, place their names in alphabetical order.
If the same substituent occurs more than once as a branch on the parent
chain, write their position numbers in between commas, using the infix
-di-, -tri-, to indicate how many times it appears.

Halogenated Hydrocarbons
When hydrocarbons bond to one or more halogen atoms—
namely fluorine, chlorine, bromide, or iodine— they are called
halogenated hydrocarbons.

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To name halogenated hydrocarbons, the following IUPAC rules are used:
1. 
Number the carbon atoms in the parent chain, beginning with the
end carbon closest to a halogen.
2. 
If necessary, write the number of the carbon atom in the parent chain Gallery
to which the halogen is attached. Use a hyphen to separate numbers
and words.
3. 
Write the name of the halogen with the prefixes fluoro-, chloro-,
bromo-, or iodo-, preceded by that number indicating the substituent.
4. 
Write the name of the hydrocarbon the halogen is attached to.
If the molecule has different halogens attached to the same parent
chain, place their names in alphabetical order. If the same halogen oc-
curs more than once, write the number of the carbon atoms to which
they are attached in between commas, using the infix -di-, -tri-, and so
on, as applicable.

Oxygenated Compounds
Alcohols
Alcohols are organic compounds containing at least one hy-
droxyl functional group (–OH) forming a single bond with a car-
bon atom.

To name alcohols, the following IUPAC rules are used:

1. 
Number the carbon atoms in the chain, starting from the end car-
bon closest to the hydroxyl group.
2. 
Write, without the -e ending, the name of the hydrocarbon that
would result from replacing each hydroxyl group by a hydrogen. Gallery
3. 
Write the number of the carbon atom to which the hydroxyl group
is attached, using hyphens to separate numbers from words.
4. 
Place the suffix -ol at the end of the name.
If the hydroxyl group is located in the only pos-
sible position in the molecule, the number does
not need to be indicated. If more than one hy-
droxyl group is present in the molecule, write
out the numbers of the carbon atoms which
they are bonded to, using commas between
numbers and making sure to use the lowest-
possible set of num-
bers. Then, add the
infix -di-, -tri-, and
so on, as applicable.

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 Ethers
Ethers are organic compounds in which two carbon atoms are
bonded to an oxygen atom.

To name ethers, the following IUPAC rules are used:

Gallery 1. 
Count the carbon atoms of each chain on both sides of the oxygen
atom.
2. 
Write the prefix of the shortest chain using the -oxy ending.
3. 
Write the name of the alkane corresponding to the longest carbon-
carbon chain.

Carboxylic Acids
Carboxylic acids are compounds whose chain ends with a car-
boxyl group (—COOH).

In the carboxyl group, one oxygen atom is attached to the carbon

atom by a double bond, while the other oxygen atom is attached to
the carbon atom and the hydrogen atom by single bonds.
To name carboxylic acids, the following IUPAC rules are used:

Gallery 1. 
Count the carbon atoms in the chain, including the carbon of the
carboxyl group.
2. 
Add the word acid at the end.
3. 
Change the -e ending of the name of the hydrocarbon which has
the same number of carbon atoms to the suffix -oic.
If both ends of the chain have a carboxyl group, do not drop the -e
from the name of the hydrocarbon and place the infix -di- before
the -oic ending.

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Esters
Esters are carboxylic acids in which the hydrogen atom of the
carboxyl group has been replaced with another chain of carbon
atoms.

This way, the esters have two chains: one attached to the carbon of
the carboxylic group and the other attached to the oxygen.
To name esters, the following IUPAC rules are used:
1. 
Count the carbon atoms in the two chains attached to the car-
boxyl group.
2. 
Write the prefix corresponding to the number of carbon atoms in Gallery
the chain attached to the oxygen of the carboxyl group.
3. 
Add the suffix -yl.
4. 
As for the other chain, write the name of the hydrocarbon with the
same number of carbon atoms, but replace the -e ending with the
suffix -oate.
5. 
Put the two names together, since esters are named with two words.

Aldehydes
Aldehydes are compounds in which at least one carbonyl
group is located at the end of a carbon chain (—CHO).

To name aldehydes, the following IUPAC rules are used:

1. 
Count the carbon atoms in the chain.
2. 
Change the final -e of the name of the hydrocarbon with the same
number of carbon atoms to the suffix -al.
If both ends of the chain have a carbonyl group, the final -e is not
Gallery
dropped and the infix -di- is used before the ending -al.

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 Ketones
Ketones are compounds in which at least one carbonyl group;
(—CO—) is located within the carbon chain rather than at the end.

To name ketones, the following IUPAC rules are used:

1. 
Number the carbon atoms in the chain, beginning with the end
closest to the carbonyl group.
2. 
Drop the -e at the end of the name of the hydrocarbon with the
same number of carbon atoms.
3. 
If necessary, write the number of the carbon atom in the carbonyl
group, using hyphens to separate numbers from words.
4. 
Place the suffix -one at the end of the name.
If the carbonyl group is located in the only possible position within
the molecule, you don’t need to write in any number.
f more than one carbonyl group is present in the molecule, write out
Gallery the numbers of the carbon atoms, using commas between num-
bers and making sure to use the lowest-possible set of numbers. In
these cases, keep the -e suffix and add the infix -di-, -tri- before the
-one ending.

Nitrogenated Hydrocarbons
Amines
Amines are compounds containing a nitrogen atom attached
to the chain of carbon atoms. At most, the nitrogen can be at-
tached to three chains of carbon atoms.

To name amines, the following IUPAC rules are used:

1. 
Number all the chains attached to the nitrogen atom. The longest
chain will be the parent chain.
2. 
If there are more chains, write the prefix N- to indicate they are at-
tached to the nitrogen atom, followed by the prefix corresponding
to the chain, and the -yl ending.
3. 
Drop the -e at the end of the name of the hydrocarbon with the
same number of carbon atoms as the parent chain.

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 4. 
Write the number of the carbon atom which the nitrogen atom is
attached to, using hyphens to separate numbers from words.
5. 
Place the suffix -amine at the end of the name. Gallery
If the amine has two branch chains, write their names in alphabeti-
cal order and use hyphens to separate them. If the chains are identi-
cal, write in N,N- and use the infix -di-.

Amides
Amides are compounds which have an amide group (—CONH2)
at the end of the chain. In this functional group, the carbon atom
and the oxygen atom are bonded by a double bond.

To name amides, the following IUPAC rules are used:

1. 
Number the carbon atoms in the chain, including the carbon in
the amide group.
2. 
Drop the -e at the end of the name of the hydrocarbon with the
same number of carbon atoms.
3. 
Place the suffix -amide at the end of the name.

If both ends of the chain have an amide group, keep the final -e of the
name of the hydrocarbon and use the infix -di- before the -amide ending. Gallery

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 EXERCISES
Organic Molecules

1. Parts of an Organic Molecule

Name the parts of this organic molecule.

..........
.......... ..........

..........
.......... ..........

2. Functional Groups
Identify the functional groups: [alkane / alkene / alkyne / halogen / alcohol / ether / aldehyde / ketone /
carboxyl acid / ester / amine / amide].

1. .......... 2. .......... 3. .......... 4. .......... 5. .......... 6. ..........

7. .......... 8. .......... 9. .......... 10. .......... 11. .......... 12. ..........

Types of Formula

3. Formula Types
Classify the following into molecular, condensed, or structural formulas:

A. B. C. D. E.

F. G. H. I.

Saturated and Unsaturated Hydrocarbons

4. Saturated or Unsaturated?
Indicate whether the following formulas correspond to saturated or unsaturated compounds.
Use the expression to find the molecular formula of the compound to determine whether it is a saturated or
an unsaturated hydrocarbon.
1. CH4: .......... 2. C3H8: .......... 3. C2H2: .......... 4. C10H22: .......... 5. C4H8: .......... 6. C5H8: ..........
7. C6H10: .......... 8. C20H34: .......... 9. C8H18: .......... 10. C20H42: .......... 11. C4H10: ..........

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 EXERCISES
5. Multiple Bonds  4H8: .......... H atoms
C
a. Indicate how many hydrogen atoms are still C20H34: .......... H atoms
needed for the following unsaturated hydrocar-
C2H2: .......... H atoms
bons to become saturated.
C5H8: .......... H atoms
To find out, use the expression of the molecular formu-
C6H10: .......... H atoms
la of saturated hydrocarbons.

Alkanes

6. Naming Alkanes
Name the following alkanes:

1. CH3–CH2–CH3 2. CH3–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH3 3. CH3–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH3

4. CH3–CH3 5. CH3–CH2–CH2–CH3 6. CH4
7. CH3–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH3
8. CH3–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH3
9. CH3–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH3
10. CH3–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH3

7. Writing the Formula of Alkanes

Use the interactive editing tool in the digital version.
a. Write the formula for butane. b. Write the formula for propane. c. Write the formula for ethane.
d. Write the formula for heptane. e. Write the formula for octane.
Alkenes

8. Propene c. If the double bond was located between the car-

Propene is an alkene that has a double bond. In
this case, the location of the double bond doesn’t
need to be identified. Why is that?
a. Consider the condensed formula shown in the re-
source. Why are carbons numbered from the right?
q Because the double bond is closer to the
right end of the chain.
q 
Because the double bond is closer to the left
end of the chain.
q 
It is not relevant. The numbering could begin
from either end.
b. So, what is the position number of the carbon
where the double bond is located?
q Position one. q Position two.
q 
Position three.
bon atom to the left and the middle carbon, what
end would you begin numbering from?
q From the left.
q 
It’s not relevant, the numbering could begin
from either end.
q 
From the right.
d. So, in which carbon would the double bond be
located?
q In position one. q In position three.
q 
In position two.
e. The location of the double bond does not have
to be specified in the case of propene because
there is only one possible position. What is the
meaning of this statement?

q Regardless of the position of the double
bound in the propane molecule—left or
right—, the number corresponding to the po-
sition of the double bond will always be 1, so
this number does not need to be expressed.
q 
Propene has only one double bond, therefore
there is only one possible position number to
determine its location in the chain.

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 EXERCISES
9. The Smallest Combination Alkynes
a. Number the carbon atoms in both directions.
12. Naming Alkynes
Name A Name the following alkynes: In molecules with more
than one triple bond, the prefix indicating the number
of carbons must end in -a. For example, write hexa-
.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... instead of hex-.

1. CH≡CH: ..........
2. CH3−C≡C−CH2−CH2−CH2−C≡CH: ..........
Name B
3. CH3−C≡C−CH3: ..........
4. CH3−C≡C−C≡CH: ..........
5. CH≡C−C≡CH: ..........
.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 6. CH≡C−C≡C−C≡CH: .........

13. Writing the Formulas for Alkynes

b. What name do you obtain from each numbering? Use the interactive editing tool in the digital version.
 ame A: penta-.......... , .......... -diene
N a. Write the formula for pent-2-yne.
Name B: penta-.......... , .......... -diene b. Write the formula for hepta-1,4-diyne.
c. Complete the following statement: c. Write the formula for hexatriyne.
d. Write the formula for propyne.
Name [A / B] has the lowest position number.
Therefore, the correct name for this compound e. Write the formula for butadiyne.
is name [A / B].

10. Naming Alkenes Branched-Chain Alkanes

Name the following alkenes. For molecules with more
than one double bond, the prefix indicating the num- 14. Naming Branched-Chain Alkanes
ber of carbons must end in -a. For example, instead of Name the following branched alkanes.
prop-, the prefix must be propa-.

1. CH2=CH–CH3: ..........
2. CH3−CH=C=CH2: .......... Compound 1.

3. CH2=CH−CH2−CH=C=CH2: ..........
4. CH2=C=CH2: ..........
5. CH2=CH2: ..........
Compound 2.
6. CH3−CH2−CH=CH2: .........

11. Writing the Formulas for Alkenes

Use the interactive editing tool in the digital version.
a. Write the formula for pent-2-ene.
b. Write the formula for penta-1,2,3-triene. Compound 3.
c. Write the formula for but-2-ene.
d. Write the formula for hexa-2,4-diene.
e. Write the formula for hepta-1,3-diene.

Compound 4.

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 EXERCISES

Compound 5.

Compound 6. Compound 6.

15. Writing the Formulas for Branched-Chain

Alkanes
Use the interactive editing tool in the digital version.
a. Write the formula for methylpropane.
b. Write the formula for 3-ethyl-2-methylhexane.
c. Write the formula for 4,4-dimethylheptane. Compound 7.
d. Write the formula for 2,2,3-trimethylbutane.
e. Write the formula for 3-ethyl-2-methylpentane.

16. Naming Simple Hydrocarbons

Name the following compounds.

Compound 8.

17. Writing the Formulas for Simple Hydro-

carbons
Use the interactive editing tool in the digital version.
a. Write the formula for 3,3-dimethylpentane.
b. Write the formula for diethylpentane.
c. Write the formula for propadiene.
Compound 1. d. Write the formula for but-1-yne.
e. Write the formula for hexane.

Compound 2. Halogenated Hydrocarbons

18. Naming Halogenated Hydrocarbons

Name the following halogenated hydrocarbons:
Compound 3.

Compound 4. Compound 1.

Compound 5.

Compound 2.

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 EXERCISES

Compound 3.

Compound 3. Compound 4.

Compound 4.
Compound 5.

Compound 6.
Compound 5.

21. Writing the Formulas for Alcohols

Compound 6.
19. Writing the Formulas for Halogenated
Hydrocarbons
Use the interactive editing tool in the digital version.
a. Write the formula for fluoroethane.
b. Write the formula for trichloromethane.
c. Write the formula for 1-bromo-1-chloro-2-io-
doethane.
d. Write the formula for 2,3-dibromobutane.
e. Write the formula for 1-chloro-3,3-diiodopentane.
Use the interactive editing tool in the digital version.
a. Write the formula for ethane-1,2-diol.
b. Write the formula for methanediol.
c. Write the formula for pentan-2-ol.
d. Write the formula for hexane-2,2,3-triol.
e. Write the formula for propane-1,1,3-triol.
Ethers
22. Naming Ethers
Name the following ethers.
1. CH3−O−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH3: ..........
2. CH3−CH2−O−CH2−CH3: ..........

Alcohols 3. CH3−CH2−CH2−CH2−O−CH2−CH2−CH3: ..........

4. CH3−CH2−CH2−CH2−O−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH3: .........
20. Naming Alcohols
Name the following alcohols: 5. CH3−CH2−O−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH3: ..........
When an alcohol has more than one hydroxyl 6. CH3−CH2−CH2−O−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH3: ..........
group, the name of the main hydrocarbon chain must
be written in full, as in propane- instead of propan-. 23. Writing the Formulas for Ethers
Use the interactive editing tool in the digital version.
a. Write the formula for methoxymethane.
b. Write the formula for ethoxypropane.
Compound 1.
c. Write the formula for methoxybutane.
d. Write the formula for butoxypentane.
e. Write the formula for propoxypropane.
Compound 2.

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 EXERCISES
24. Two Molecules, One Formula
Despite having different physical and chemical
properties, some compounds share the same
chemical formula. Compound 3.
This means that, despite having the same propor-
tion of elements, the atoms forming the molecules
of both compounds bond differently.
Compound 4.
When two (or more) molecules have the
same molecular formula but different struc-
tural and condensed formulas, we call them
isomers.

Use the interactive editing tool in the digital version.

a. The molecular formula of an ether is C2H6O.
Write its structural or condensed formula.
b. The molecular formula of an alcohol is C2H6O.
Write its structural or condensed formula.
c. Indicate whether the following statements about
these compounds are true or false.
These compounds have the same molecular
formula.
These compounds are isomers.
These compounds have each different properties.
These compounds are formed by identical
molecules.
Carboxylic Acids
25. Naming Carboxylic Acids
Name the following carboxylic acids.
When a carboxylic acid has more than one carboxyl
group, the name of the main hydrocarbon chain
must be written in full. So, write propane- instead of
propan- before the infix -di-.
Compound 5. Compound 6.
26. Writing Formulas for Carboxylic Acids
Use the interactive editing tool in the digital version.
a. Write the formula for formic acid.
Formic acid is another IUPAC name for metha-
noic acid. The prefixes form- and meth- are
used interchangeably to name many oxygen-
ated organic compounds consisting of a single
carbon atom.
b. Write the formula for acetic acid.
Acetic acid is another IUPAC name for ethanoic
acid. The prefix aceto- comes from the Latin
term acetum, meaning ‘vinegar.’ The prefixes
acet- and ethan- are used interchangeably to
name many oxygenated organic compounds
consisting of two carbon atoms.
c. Write the formula for ethanedioic acid.
d. Write the formula for hexanoic acid.
e. Write the formula for heptanedioic acid.

Compound 1. Compound 2.

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 EXERCISES
Esters

27. Naming Esters

Name the following esters. Compound 1.

Compound 1. Compound 2.

Compound 2. Compound 3.

Compound 3. Compound 4.

Compound 4.
Compound 5.

Compound 5. Compound 6.

30. Writing the Formulas for Aldehydes

Compound 6.
28. Writing the Formulas for Esters
Use the interactive editing tool in the digital version.
a. Write the formula for methyl formate.
b. Write the formula for pentyl acetate.
c. Write the formula for ethyl propanoate.
d. Write the formula for ethyl butanoate.
e. Write the formula for butyl ethanoate.
Aldehydes
29. Naming Aldehydes
Name the following aldehydes.
If an aldehyde has two carbonyl groups at the
end of the chain—called a dialdehyde—, the
name of the main hydrocarbon chain must be
written in full. So, write butane- instead of butan-.
Use the interactive editing tool in the digital version.
a. Write the formula for ethanedial.
b. Write the formula for propanal.
c. Write the formula for pentanedial.
d. Write the formula for hexanal.
e. Write the formula for hexanedial.
Ketones
31. Naming Ketones
Name the ketones in the image gallery.
When a ketone has more than one carbonyl
group within rather than at the end of the
chain, the name of the main hydrocarbon chain
must be written in full. So, write pentane- instead of
pentan-.
Compound 1.

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 EXERCISES

Compound 5.
Compound 2.

Compound 6.
Compound 3.

Compound 7.
Compound 4.

Compound 8.

Compound 5.
Compound 6.
32. Writing the Formulas for Ketones
Use the interactive editing tool in the digital version.
a. Write the formula for pentan-3-one.
b. Write the formula for pentanetrione.
c. Write the formula for hexan-2-one.
d. Write the formula for hexane-2,5-dione.
e. Write the formula for hexan-3-one.
33. Naming Oxygenated Hydrocarbons
Name the following compounds.
34. Writing the Formulas for Oxygenated Hy-
drocarbons
Use the interactive editing tool in the digital version.
a. Write the formula for acetic acid.
b. Write the formula for formaldehyde.
c. Write the formula for ethane-1,1-diol.
d. Write the formula for butanedione.
e. Write the formula for pentyl butanoate.
35. Isomers
The composition of a given molecule corresponds
to the molecular formula C3H6O2.
Which of the following compounds are isomers of
this molecule?

Compound 1. Compound 1.

Compound 2.

Compound 2.
Compound 3.

Compound 4.

Compound 3.

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 EXERCISES

Compound 4.

Compound 4.

Compound 5.

Compound 5.

Compound 6.

Compound 6.
Compound 7.

Compound 7. Compound 8.

37. Writing the Formulas for Amines

Use the interactive editing tool in the digital version.

Compound 8. a. Write the formula for methanamine.

b. Write the formula for N-methylmethanamine.
Amines c. Write the formula for N,N-dimethylmethanamine.
d. Write the formula for N-methylbutan-1-amine.
36. Naming Amines
e. Write the formula for N-methylbutan-2-amine.
Name the following amines.

Amides

38. Naming Amides

Name the following amides.
Compound 1.
When an amide has two amide groups, the
name of the main hydrocarbon chain must be
written in full. So, write propane- instead of
propan-.

Compound 2.

Compound 1.

Compound 3.

Compound 2.

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 EXERCISES

Compound 5.

Compound 3.

Compound 6.

Compound 4.

Compound 7.

Compound 5.

Compound 8.

Compound 6.

39. Writing the Formulas for Amides Compound 9.

Use the interactive editing tool in the digital version.
a. Write the formula for for formamide.
Compound 10.
b. Write the formula for propanamide.
c. Write the formula for butanediamide.
d. Write the formula for ethanediamide.
e. Write the formula for hexanamide.

40. Naming Organic Compounds

Compound 11.
Name the following organic compounds.

Compound 12.
Compound 1.
41. Writing the Formulas for Organic Com-
pounds
Use the interactive editing tool in the digital version.
Compound 2. a. Write the formula for N,N-dimethylbutan-1-amine.
b. Write the formula for methylbutane.
c. Write the formula for methyl formate.
d. Write the formula for pentanedioic acid.
Compound 3. e. Write the formula for pentane.
f. Write the formula for ethoxyhexane.
g. Write the formula for butanone.
h. Write the formula for ethylene.
i. Write the formula for hexanamide.
Compound 4.
j. Write the formula for ethanol.
k. Write the formula for butanal.
l. Write the formula for butadiyne.

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 NOTES

26 science-bits.com
 Organic Nomenclature and Formula Writing

Related Units:

Atoms and Bonds Quantitative Chemistry

Elements and Compounds Formula Writing and Inorganic Nomenclature

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