Activity 1: MAJOR TYPES OF TESTS and TESTS IN DIFFERENT SETTINGS

-
- Etiology
Diagnostic Features Clinical Description & Treatment
Category Disorder Subtypes
Diagnosis/ Prognosis
Criteria

Deficit in - Genetic
intellectual conditions
- Mild
- Moderate functioning such as
- Severe Down
Neuro- - Profound Syndrome
Disorders in this
Developmen category typically
Deficit in
Based on adaptive adaptive - Neurocogni
tal Disorders manifest early in functioning in tive
functioning in conceptual,
development, often relation to Disorders
social and practical
before the child physical and or brain
domains.
enters grade school, social Injury
and are characterized environment
by developmental Intellectual
deficits that produce - Specific
Disability Learning
impairments of
Deficit/Delay Disorders
personal social,
academic, or in expected
occupational developmental
functioning. milestones.

** Intellectual
Disability must
be confirmed
by
standardized
assessments
of cognitive
abilities.
Communication  Childhood-Onset
Disorder Fluency Disorder
(Stuttering)

 Level 1 -requires Deficit in Genetics Parent

support. social Management
Autism Spectrum communicatio training
Disorder n/reciprocation Brain structure
 Level 2 – requires
substantial support. abnormalities
Special Education
Repetitive,
 Level 3 – requires restrictive Neurotransmitte
very substantial pattern of r abnormalities Training in Self-
support behavior, Care and social
interest or interaction skills
activities

Vocational training,
sheltered
workshops and
supported
employment

Shaping and
discrimination
Training

Genetics Central nervous

Attention-Deficit/  Predominantly Inability to stimulants
Hyperacitivity Inattentive regulate
behavior to fit Brain structure
Disorder abnormalities
situation Pharmacotherapy
 Predominantly
(ADHD) demands.
hyperactive or
impulsive
Behavioral treatment
Inability to
regulate
attention.

 Dyslexia . Cerebellar-
Impairment in vestibular
Reading dysfunction due
to otitis media
Specific Learning
Disorders  Dysgraphia
Impairment in
Written Expression Incomplete
(Writing and dominance and
Spoken) other
hemispheric
abnormalities
 Dyscalculia
Impairment in
Mathematics
Exposure to
toxins

 Tourette’s Tic – is a Pharmacotherapy

Disorder sudden, rapid,
Motor Disorders (simultaneous 1 recurrent, Elevated levels
vocal tic & multiple nonrhythmic of dopamine
(Tic Disorders) motor tics) motor super sensitivity
movement or of dopamine
vocalization. receptors in
 Persistent/ brain (caudate
Chronic Motor- nucleus)
Vocal Tic Disorder
(more than a year) Motor tics
include eye
blinking, facial
 Provisional Tic
grimacing and
 Disorder gestures,
(less than a year) jumping,
smelling
objects, and
echokinesis.

Vocal tics
include
grunting,
snorting,
barking,
echolalia and
coprolalia
( repeating
socially
undesirable
words)

 Positive Symptoms Premorbid  Genetics Biomedication

(formerly known Stage – Mild Neuroleptics which
Psychosis) Cognitive and targets the
-Hallucinations & Social  Stress Dopamine system
Delusions Impairment diathesis but has side effects
Model
such as decreased
Schizophrenia (predisposit
 Negative Symptoms appetite, decreased
ion +
Spectrum and -Avolition is lack of will Prodromal Stress sex drive, tremors
Schizophrenia
other -Anhedonia is lack of Stage triggers) and blunted affect
Psychotic pleasure which
observed by blunted -Mild  Dopamine
Disorders Delusions &
feelings or blank System Psychosocial
expressions Mild hyperactivit Treatment
Hallucinations y which
usually during manifest as -Token Economy
 Disorganized late positive
Behavior symptoms
adolescence
- Disorganized Speech
(Word Salad)
- Inappropriate Affect  Brain
- Catatonia Active Phase Structure
abnormaliti
-Triggered by es
Intense Stress
 and all
positive
symptoms and
disorganized
behavior
manifest at
their peak

Residual
Phase
Negative
symptoms
present as
Positive
symptoms
become mild.

Schizophreniform Similar to Schizophrenia

Disorder but disturbance is only for
at least 1 month – 6
months

Schizoaffective
Disorder Concurrent symptoms of
Schizophrenia and
symptoms of Major
Depressive or Manic
episodes for at least 2
weeks

Delusional Presence of one or more Erotomatic

delusions that last at least
Disorder 1 month
Grandiose
 Jealous

Persecutory

Somatic

Mixed

Unspecified

Brief Psychotic At least one or more

Disorder Schizophrenia symptoms
for at least a day or a
month.

Onset of this disorder often

after exposure to an
overwhelming stressor

. Mania- is distinct period of ** symptoms Medication and

abnormality and persistent are severe therapy.
elevated, expansive or that the client Hyperactive
Bipolar I Neurological
irritable mood| abnormally needs to be
Bipolar & System
and persistently increased hospitalization Mood Stabilizers.
Bipolar activity or energy ( for 1 Ventral System
Related week) responsible for
Disorders and emotion
Depressive perception
Disorders Hypomania- milder form of (feeling and
mania which last only for 4 labeling
days)
 emotions)

(MOOD
DISORDERS) Dorsal System
involved in
emotion
regulation.

Dopamine
imbalance.

Bipolar 2 Hypomania+ Depressive Milder form .

episode but are not severe compared to
enough to cause marked Bipolar I
impairment in social or
occupational functioning or
require hospitalization.

Numerous Hypomanic
symptoms that do not meet
Cyclothymic criteria for hypomanic
episode and numerous
Disorder depressive episode that do
not meet criteria for a major
depressive episode

Disruptive Mood Severe recurrent temper

Dysregulation outburst manifested
Disorder verbally and/or
( DMDD) behaviorally.

Chronic, persistently
irritably and angry mood.
 Diagnosis is assigned only
Between 6-18 years old.

Persistent Depressive Characterized by a

Disorder depressed mood for at
least 2 years for adults and
(Dysthemia) 1 year for children (not
suicidal)

DEPRESSIVE During the 2 years or 1

DISORDERS year period the individual
has not been symptom -
free for more than 2
months.

Persistent Characterized by a At least 5 symptoms of Anti-depressant

Depressive depressed mood for major depressive episode
at least 2 years for Peripartum –
Major Depressive nearly every day for at
adults and 1 year for onset of
Disorder least 2 weeks, symptoms is Psychotherahy
children (not suicidal)
during
pregnancy or
within 4 weeks
Depressed Mood + of postpartum
Anhedonia +Significant
weight loss when not
dieting, weight gain or
increase appetite+
Seasonal
insomnia or hypersomnia +
pattern- also
Psychomotor agitation or known as
retardation + fatigue or Seasonal
loss of energy + feelings of Affective
worthlessness or excessive Disorder
guilt + diminished ability to onset of
symptoms
think or concentrate +
occurs during
Recurrent thoughts of a particular
death, suicidal ideations or time of the
suicide attempt.
 year.

Premenstrual Characteristic symptoms At least one of

Dysphoric Disorder during the week before the five
onset of menses with an symptoms:
improvement of symptoms unstable
days after the onset of affect,
menses, irritability or
anger,
depressed
mood, anxiety.

At least one
symptom:

Decreased
interest in
social
activities,
impaired
concentration,
lethargy,
marked
changed in
appetite,
hypersomnia
or insomnia..

Involves developmentally .
inappropriate and
excessive fear or anxiety
related to separation from
home or attachment
figures.
Separation
ANXIETY
Disorders Anxiety Disorder Disturbance must last for at
least 4 weeks in children
and adolescents or six
months in adults and cause
clinically significant distress
or impaired functioning.

.
Social Anxiety
Disorder
Intense fear of or anxiety
about one or more social
situation in which the
individual may be exposed
to scrutiny by others.

Lasting for at least 6

months.

Specific Phobia Subtypes:

Intense anxiety or fear

about a specific object or
situation which is not Animal,
proportional to the actual natural
danger posed by the object environment,
or situation typically lasting Blood-
for at least 6 months. injection-
injury,
situational and
others

Panic Disorder Panic Attack – is an abrupt Involves at

surge of intense fear or least 4
intense discomfort that characteristic
reaches a peak within symptoms:
minutes.
 Diagnosis is at least one Palpitations|
panic attack being followed sweating|
by at least one month of trembling|
persistent concern about feelings of
having additional attacks or choking |
consequences related to chest pain or
the attack. discomfort|

Agoraphobia Diagnosis requires the

presence of marked fear or
anxiety about at least two
of the following situations:

Using public transpo, being

in enclosed spaces,
standing in line or being
part of the crowd and being
home alone.

The individual fears or

avoids these situations due
to concern that escape
might be difficult or help will
be unavailable.

Generalized Involves excessive anxiety Cognitive Behavioral

Anxiety Disorder and worry about multiple Theraphy
events or activities that are
relatively constant for at
least 6 months

Anxiety or worry must

include at least 3 of the
following symptoms (or at
least one for children):
restlessness, easily
fatigued, difficulty
concentrating, irritability,
 muscle tension, sleep
disturbance.

Obsession – OCD Is Characterized by Low levels of

persistent thoughts, recurrent Obsessions serotonin
impulses, or images and/or compulsion that are
that the person time consuming or cause
experiences as clinically significant distress
intrusive and or impaired functioning.
Obsessive- unwanted and that
Compulsive & he/she attempts to Body Dysmorphic Characterized by a pre-
ignore or suppress. Disorder occupation with a defect or
Related flaw in appearance that
Disorders appears minor or in
unobservable to others and
performed repetitive
Compulsion – are behaviors or mental acts
repetitious and because of the defect or
deliberate behaviors flaw.
or mental acts that
the person feels
driven to perform This preoccupation causes
either in response to clinically significant distress
an obsession or or impaired functioning,
according to rigid
rules Hoarding Disorder This disorder involves
persistent difficulty
discarding or parting with
possessions, regardless of
their actual value due to a
need to save the items or
to distress associated with
parting with them.

The inability to discard

items causes living areas to
be cluttered to the extent
that the areas are not
usabke, and symptoms
cause clinically significant
 distress or impaired
functioning.

Characterized by a
consistent pattern of
Reactive Attachment inhibited and emotionally
Disorder (RAD) withdrawn behavior in
children toward adult
caregivers.

Disinhibited Social Characterized by a pattern

Engagement Disorder of behavior that involves
(DSED) inappropriate interactions
with unfamiliar adults.

Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms

Disorder must have a
Clinical distress after duration of
exposure to actual or more than a
threatened death, serious month
injury, or sexual violence.

Acute Stress Symptoms

must have a
Clinical distress after duration of 3
exposure to actual or days – one
threatened death, serious month
injury, or sexual violence.

Adjustment Disorder Involves the development .

of emotional or behavioral
Trauma and symptoms in response to a
Stress Related one or more identifiable
psychosocial stressors
Disorder within 3 months of the
onset of the stressors.
 For diagnosis symptoms
must be clinically significant
as evidenced by the
presence of marked
distress that is not
proportional to the severity
of the stressor within 6
months after the
termination of the stressor.

.Formerly known as .
Multiple Personality
Dissociative Disorder characterized by
Identity Disorder presence of 2 or more
distinct identity or
personality states, each
with its own relatively
enduring pattern of
perceiving, relating to and
Dissociative thinking about the
Disorders environment and self.

Dissociative Localized amnesia - .

inability to remember all
The primary feature
Amnesia events related to a
of Dissociative
circumscribed period of
Disorders is a
time.
disruption of and/or
discontinuity in the Inability to recall
normal integration of important personal
consciousness, Selective Amnesia –
information that cannot
memory, identity, inability to recall some
be attributed to ordinary
emotion, perception, events related to a specific
forgetfulness.
body representation, period of time.
motor control and
behavior
Generalized Amnesia-
loss of memory of a
person’s entire life.
 Continuous amnesia-
inability to recall events
subsequent to a specific
time through the present.

Sytematized amnesia-
inability to recall memories
related to a specific
category (eg. Memories
related to a person’s
spouse or work)

Depersonalization

Somatic and
Related
Disorders

.
 Feeding,
Eating, &
Elimination
Disorders