PU II Chemistry Part A 2022-1

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11. Solid SO2 and solid NH3 belong to which type

1 Solid State of molecular solids?
Ans: Polar molecular solids
Target Q. No.:- 1
One Mark Questions & Answers 12. What is crystal lattice?
Ans: The regular three dimensional arrays of
1. Which type of solid is anisotropic in nature?
lattice points in space is called crystal lattice
Ans: Crystalline solids are anisotropic in nature
13. What is a unit cell?
2. Which type of solids is called as super cooled
Ans: It is the smallest repeating unit which
liquids or pseudo solids?
60
when arranged in three dimension gives the
Ans: Amorphous solids are called super cooled
79
crystal lattice.
liquids
23
14. How many types of primitive unit cells are
38
3. A solid has a sharp melting point, and then to present?
97
which type of solids does it belong? Ans: Seven types
Ans: Crystalline solids
ct
15. What is a primitive cubic unit cell?
ta
on
4. Which type of solids has long range orderly Ans: The cubic unit cell in which the
arrangement of constituent particles? particles/atoms are present only at the eight
,C
Ans: Crystalline solids corner of the cube is called primitive cubic
el
unit cell.
nn
5. Sodium chloride and quartz belong to which
ha
type of solid?
16. Define the co-ordination number of a particle
C

in solids.
e
Ans: It is the total number of nearest

ub
6. A solid shows different values for refractive

neighboring particles to a given particle.
uT
index when measured in different directions. -

Identify the type of solid
Yo
17. What is the number of octahedral voids

generated, if the number of close packed
S
N
7. When a solid is cut with a sharp edged tool, spheres is N?

O
they cut into two pieces and the newly Ans: N

TI
generated surfaces are plain and smooth. –

A
18. What is the number of tetrahedral voids

C
Identify the type of solid.

generated, if the number of close packed
LI

B
spheres is N?
PU
8. Which type of force of attractions is present Ans: 2N

between the molecules in polar molecular
R
19. What is the co-ordination number of a

U
solids?
B
particle in a tetrahedral void?

Ans: Dipole –dipole interactions
B
Ans: Four
A
K
9. Which type of force of attractions is present

20. Among Schottky and Frenkel defect, which
between the molecules in non-polar
type of defect decreases the density of the
molecular solids?
crystal?
Ans: London forces or Dispersion forces
Ans: Schottky defect
10. Which type of force of attractions is present 21. What are point defects?
between the particles in ionic solids? Ans: Deviations from the ideal arrangement
Ans: Electrostatic force of attraction or around a particular point or an atom in a
coulombic force of attraction crystalline solid
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Chemistry
KABBUR PUBLICATIONS YouTube Channel
PU-II Year
22. What are F-centers?

Ans: The anionic sites occupied by the unpaired 34. Give an example for Ferromagnetic
electrons are called F- centre. substance.
Ans: Fe (or Co, Ni, Gd & CrO2)
23. To which colour potassium chloride crystal
turns, when excess potassium ion is present? 35. Give an example for Diamagnetic substance.
Ans: Violet Ans:: H2O (or NaCl, and C6H6)
24. Name the type of non-Stoichiometric defect

36. What colour is imparted to the NaCl crystal,
observed when white ZnO turns yellow on
60
due to the presence of excess sodium?
heating.
79
Ans: The colour of NaCl crystal is Yellow
Ans: Metal excess defect
23
38
25. Name the non-Stoichiometric defect
97
responsible for the composition of ferrous
oxide to be Fe0.95O1.
ct
Ans: Metal deficiency defect
ta
on
26. Which type of point defect is observed when
,C
NaCl containing little SrCl2 is crystallized?
el
Ans: Impurity defect nn
27. Which defect is also called as dislocation
ha
defect?
C
Ans: Frenkel defect

e
ub
28. What is doping?

uT
Ans: The process of increasing the conductivity

Yo
of an intrinsic semiconductor by adding a

suitable impurity is called doping
S
N
O
29. What type of semiconductors is obtained

TI
when silicon doped with boron impurity?

A
Ans: p-type semiconductor

C
LI
B
30. Name the unit used to measure magnetic

PU
moment.
Ans: Am2 (1Bohr magneton= 9.27x10-24 Am )
2
R
U
B
31. What are diamagnetic substances?

B
Ans: These are the substances which are

A
repelled by the magnetic field

K
32. What are ferromagnetic substances?

Ans:: These are the substances which are
strongly attracted by the magnet
33. How body diagonal and radius of a sphere(r)

are related in bcc unit cell?
Ans:: 4r =√3a
SHARADA Coaching Centre Bagalkot Sanjeev Aragol M.Sc, B.Ed Page 3

Chemistry
PU-II Year
13. Why molarity of solution decreases with

1 Solution increase in temperature?
Ans: Because molarity is volume dependent,
Target Q. No.:- 2 & 3 when temperature increases volume
One Mark Questions & Answers expansion takes place and there by leads to
decrease in molarity.
1. What is solution?
Ans: It is a homogenous mixture of two or more 14. What happens to the molality of solution
compounds. when temperature increases?
60
2. What is dilute solution? Ans: Molality remains constant.
Ans: It is a solution in which solute
79
concentration is very less. 15. Why molality of solution does not change
23
with temperature?
38
3. Give an example for solid--‐solid solution Ans: Because Molality is mass dependent which
97
Ans: Copper dissolved in gold. is unaffected by change in temperature
ct
4. Give an example for gas--‐gas solution 16. Define the term solubility of a substance.
ta
Ans: Mixture of oxygen and nitrogen gases. Ans: Solubility of a substance is its maximum
on
amount that can be dissolved in a specified
,C
5. Give an example for gas--‐solid solution amount of solvent at a specified
el
Ans: Solution of hydrogen in palladium. temperature.
nn
ha
6. Give an example for liquid--‐solid solution 17. State Henry’s law.

Ans: Henry’s Law: At constant temperature
C
Ans: Amalgam of mercury with sodium.

solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly
e
ub
7. Give an example for liquid--‐liquid solution proportional to the partial pressure of gas
uT
Ans: Ethanol dissolved in water. present above the solution.

Yo
8. Give an example for solid--‐gas solution 18. How pressure affects the solubility of a gas in
S
Ans: Camphor in nitrogen gas. liquid.

N
Ans: The solubility of gases increases with

O
TI
9. Define molarity. increases in pressure.

A
Ans: Number of moles of solute present in one

C
19. What is the significance of Henry’s (KH)

litre solution is called molarity
LI
constant?
B
Ans: Higher the value of KH lower is the

PU
10. Define molality.

Ans: Number of moles of solute present in one solubility
R
kg of solvent is called molality

U
20. At a given temperature and pressure nitrogen

B
gas is more soluble than helium gas. Which

B
11. Define normality.

one of them has higher KH value?
A
Ans: Number of moles of gram equivalent of

K
Ans: Helium gas

substance present in one litre solution is
called normality 21. Aquatic species are more comfortable in cold
water than warm water. Give reason
12. What is effect of temperature on molarity? Ans: Because solubility of oxygen is more in cold
Ans: Molarity of solution decreases with increase water than warm water
in temperature.

Chemistry
PU-II Year
22. Name the law behind the dissociation of CO2 32. What is elevation in boiling point?
gas in soft drinks. Ans: Elevation in boiling point is the difference
Ans: Henry’s law between the boiling point of the solution
containing non volatile solute and the
23. What are ideal solutions? boiling point of the pure solvent
Ans: The solutions which obey Raoult’s law
over the entire range of concentration are 33. What happens to the boiling point of liquid
known as ideal solution. when a non volatile solute is dissolved in a
24. Name the disease caused to the see divers if pure solvent?
Ans: boiling point of liquid increases
60
they carry atmospheric air?
79
Ans: Bends 34. Give the S.I. unit of Ebullioscopic constant or
23
boiling point elevation constant or molal
38
25. Name the disease caused to the people living elevation constant.
97
in high altitudes or mountain climbers. Ans: The unit of Kb is K kg mol--1
Ans: Anoxia
ct
35. What is depression in freezing point?
ta
26. What are non--‐ideal solutions? Ans: It is the decrease in the freezing point of
on
Ans: When a solution does not obey Raoult’s solution when non--volatile solute is added
,C
law over the entire range of concentration, into solvent.
el
then it is called non--‐ideal solution. nn
36. Give the S.I. unit of cryoscopic constant.
27. Give an example for non-ideal solution with Ans: The unit of Kf is K kg mol--‐1
ha
positive deviation from Raoult’s law.

C
Ans: Mixtures of ethanol and acetone

e
37. Define osmosis.

ub
Ans: The process of movement of solvent

28. Give an example for non--‐ideal solution with
uT
particles from lower concentration to

negative deviation from Raoult’s law.
Yo
higher concentration through semi-

Ans: An example of this type is a mixture of
-‐permeable membrane to attain equilibrium
S
phenol and aniline.

is called osmosis.
N
O
29. What are azeotropes?

TI
38. What are isotonic solutions?

Ans: Azeotropes are binary mixtures having the
A
Ans: Two different solutions having same

C
same composition in liquid and vapour osmotic pressure are called isotonic
LI
phase and boil at a constant temperature. solutions

B
PU
39. What are hypertonic solutions?

30. State Raoult’s law of relative lowering of
Ans: The solution having more osmotic pressure
vapour pressure.
R
than other
U
Ans: Relative lowering of vapour pressure is

B
equal to the mole fraction of the solute. 40. What are hypotonic solutions?
B
A
Ans: The solution having less osmotic pressure

K
31. Define colligative property. than other

Ans: The properties depend on the number of
solute particles irrespective of their nature 41. What is reverse osmosis?
relative to the total number of particles Ans: Movement of solvent particles from higher
present in the solution. Such properties are concentration to lower concentration
called colligative properties through a semi permeable membrane, when
pressure is applied greater than osmotic
pressure.

Chemistry
PU-II Year
42. What happens when RBC is place in 1% NaCl 53. Define lowering of vapour pressure?
solution? Ans: It is defined as the difference between the
Ans: RBC will shrink (hypertonic solution) vapor pressure of the solvent in pure state
and the vapour pressure of the solution.
43. What happens when RBC is place in 0.5%
∆P = Po – P
NaCl solution?
Ans: RBC will swell or even burst (hypotonic 54. State Raoult’s law of relative lowering of
solution) vapour pressure
Ans: It states that the relative lowering of vapour
60
44. What is abnormal molar mass? pressure is equal to the mole fraction of the
Ans: A molar mass that is either lower or higher solute
79
than the expected or normal value is called
23
0
55. Why sea water freezes below 0 C?
as abnormal molar mass.
38
0
Ans: Sea water freezes below 0 C due to the
97
45. Define Vant hoff factor presence of the non--‐volatile solute dissolved
Ans: The ration of normal molar mass to the in the water.
ct
ta
abnormal molar mass is called Vant hoff
on
factor (i)
,C
(Van’t Hoff factor account for the extent of
el
association or dissociation of a solute in a
nn
solvent)
ha
C
46. What is the value of Van’t Hoff factor (i ) for

e
NaCl.
ub
Ans: 2
uT
Yo
47. What is the value of i for K2SO4.

Ans: 3
S
N
O
48. What is the value of i for sugar.

TI
Ans: 1
A
C
LI
49. What is the value of i for glucose.

B
Ans: 1
PU
50. What is the value of Van’t Hoff factor for

R
association of solute?
U
B
Ans: less than one i.e. i < 1

B
A
51. What will the value of i for dissociation of

K
solute?
Ans: i > 1
52. On what factor the colligative property
depends on.
Ans: It depends on number of moles of solute
particles but not on the nature of the solute.

Chemistry
PU-II Year
8. What are responsible for the electrolytic

Electrochemistry
3 conduction?
A: Ions
Target Q. No.:- 4
One Mark Questions & Answers 9. Define limiting molar conductivity.
Ans: Limiting molar conductivity is the molar
1. What is an electrolyte? conductivity of a solution when
Ans: An electrolyte is a compound which concentration approaches zero or molar
conducts electricity either in its aqueous conductivity at infinite dilution.
solution or in its molten state.
60
10. Write the limiting molar conductivity
79
2. What is a weak electrolyte? equation for NaCl.
23
Ans: A weak electrolyte is an electrolyte that Ans: λ0NaCl = λ0Na + + λ0Cl −
38
dissociates partially into ions in its aqueous
97
solution. Ex: CH3COOH, NH4OH 11. State Kohlrausch Law of independent ion
migration.
ct
3. What is a strong electrolyte? Ans: The limiting molar conductivity of an
ta
Ans: A strong electrolyte is an electrolyte that electrolyte can be represented as the sum
on
dissociates completely into ions in its of the individual contributions of the anion
,C
aqueous solution. Ex: HCl, NaOH etc and cation of the electrolyte.
el
nn
4. Define conductivity of an electrolytic 12. Define electrode potential.
solution. Ans: The potential difference developed
ha
Ans: Conductivity of a solution of an electrolyte between the electrode (metal) and the
C
is the conductance of a solution placed electrolyte (solution containing its own

e
ions) when both the metal and the solution

ub
between two electrodes each of one

square meter area kept at a distance of 1 are in equilibrium is called electrode
uT
meter apart. potential.

Yo
5. Write the S.I unit for conductivity. 13. Define standard electrode potential.
S
Ans: SI unit for conductivity is Sm-1 Ans: Standard electrode potential is the
N
O
electrode potential when the

TI
6. Give the S.I unit for molar conductivity. concentrations of all the species involved is
A
Ans: Sm2 mol-1 unity (1M) and if a gas is involved its

C
pressure should be 1 bar.

LI
B
7. What is effect of temperature on metallic

PU
conduction? 14. State Faradays first law of electrolysis

Ans: Metallic conduction decreases with Ans: The amount of chemical reaction which
R
increase in temperature. occurs at any electrode during electrolysis

U
by a current is proportional to the quantity

B
B
6. What is effect of temperature on electrolytic of electricity passed through the

A
conduction? electrolyte either through its aqueous

K
Ans: Electrolytic conduction increases with solution or molten state.

increase in temperature.
15. State Faradays second law of electrolysis.
Ans: The amounts of different substances
7. What are responsible for metallic liberated by the same quantity of
conduction? electricity passing through the electrolytic
Ans: Electrons solution are proportional to their chemical
equivalent weights.

Chemistry
PU-II Year
16. Define cell potential. 24. What is electrolysis?

Ans: Cell potential is the potential difference Ans: The process of decomposition of electrolyte
between the two electrodes of the galvanic under the influence of electric current is
cell. called electrolysis
17. Define EMF of the cell. 25. Name the gas liberated at anode during
Ans: It is the difference between the electrode the electrolysis of molten NaCl?
potential of the cathode and anode when Ans: Cl2 gas
no current is drawn through the cell.
26. Name the product formed at cathode during
60
18. What is Fuel cell? the electrolysis of molten NaCl?
79
Ans: Galvanic cells that are designed to convert Ans: Na (sodium)
23
the energy of combustion of fuels like
38
hydrogen, methane etc directly into 27. What are the electrolysis products of
electrical energy are called fuel cells. aqueous NaCl?
97
Ans: At anode: Cl2 gas
ct
19. Give a method to prevent rusting. At cathode: H2 gas
ta
Ans: Rusting may be prevented by barrier
on
protection like painting, metal plating etc. 28. What happens when applied electric current
,C
is less than the emf of Daniel cell?
20. How does conductivity of a solution Ans: It will undergo forward reaction
el
change with change in concentration of
nn
the solution? Give reason. 29. At what condition Daniel cell can act as
ha
Ans: Conductivity of a solution decreases with Galvanic cell?

C
decrease in concentration of the solution Ans: If the applied external electric current is
e
due to decrease in the number of ions per greater than the emf of cell then Daniel cell
ub
unit volume of the solution. act as galvanic cell

uT
Yo
21. Write the relationship between molar 30. What is cell constant?
conductivity and limiting molar Ans: In a conductivity cell, the ratio of distance
S
conductivity. between two electrodes to the area of the

N
O
Ans: λm = λo m - AC electrodes is called cell constant. Cell

TI
l
constant, ( K cell ) 
A
a
C
LI
22. What is a primary battery/cell?

31. What is the chemical formula of rust?
B
Ans: Primary battery is one in which reaction

PU
Ans: The chemical formula of Fe2O3.xH2O

occurs only once and cannot be recharged.
Eg Dry cell or Leclanche cell and Mercury
R
32. How many coulombs of electricity required

U
cell
oxidizing one mole of Al to Al+3?
B
B
Ans: 3F Coulombs or 289500 coulombs

A
K
23. What is a secondary battery/cell?

Ans: Secondary battery is one which can be
recharged by passing current through it in
opposite direction, so that it can be
reused.
Eg: Lead storage battery and Nickel cadmium
cell.

Chemistry
PU-II Year
Chemical Kinetics
4
11. Identify the reaction order from the rate
constant K=2.3x10-5 mol-1 L s-1
Target Q. No.:- 5 Ans: Comparing the unit of rate constant with
One Mark Questions & Answers general unit
Mol .L.S with (mol)1-n Ln-1s-1
-1 -1
1. What is rate of reaction? 1-n= -1

Ans: Change in molar concentration of reactant n=2
or product in per unit time is called rate of 12. Define molecularity of a reaction.
reaction. Ans: The number of reacting species taking part
60
in an elementary reaction which must
79
2. Define rate constant of a reaction colloid simultaneously in order to bring
23
Ans: Rate constant is equal to rate of reaction about a chemical reaction is called
38
when the product of the molar conc. of molecularity of reaction
97
reactants is unity.
13. In a complex reaction which step controls the
ct
3. What is rate law? overall rate of reaction and what is it called?
ta
Ans: Representation of rate of reaction in terms
on
Ans: Slowest step, which is called rate
of concentration of reactants is called rate determining step.
,C
law. Rate expression and rate equation
el
14. The conversion of molecules X to Y follows
nn
4. Define order of a reaction.
second order kinetics .If conc. of X Increased
Ans: Sum of the powers of the concentration of
ha
to three times, how will it affect the rate of

the reactants in the rate equation is called
C
formation of Y?
order of reaction.
e
Ans: Increased rate = (Increased conc.)n = 32 =9

ub
Rate of formation of Y increases by 9 times

5. Calculate the overall order of a reaction which
uT
has the rate expression. 15. Define half life of a reaction.

Yo
Rate= K [A]1/2 [B]3/2 Ans: The time in which the conc. of a reactant is
S
Ans: Order of reaction = 1/2 + 3/2 = 2 reduced to one half of its initial conc. is
N
called half life of a reaction (t1/2)

O
6. What is elementary reaction?

TI
Ans: Reactions taking place in one step are 16. How does rate of reaction vary with
A
C
called elementary reaction. temperature?

LI
Ans: Rate of reaction increases with increase of

B
7. What are complex reactions? temperature.

PU
Ans: Reactions taking place in more than one

R
step are called complex reaction. 17. What happens to the rate constant of a
U
reaction when temperature is increased by

B
8. What is SI Unit of rate constant of nth order 10o?

B
reaction?
A
Ans: Rate constant increases nearly by two

K
Ans: (mol)1-n Ln-1 s-1 times.

9. What is SI unit of rate constant of zero order
18. Write Arrhenius equation which relates the
reaction?
rate constant, activation energy and
Ans: mol L-1 s-1
temperature
10. What is the order of reaction whose unit of Ans: K= A e-Ea/RT
rate constant and rate of reaction are same?
Ans: Zero order.

Chemistry
PU-II Year
19. Define energy of activation. 29. How is activation energy calculated by

Ans: The minimum energy required for the plotting graph ln K against 1/T?
reactants to form activated complex is called Ans:
Activation energy.
20. What is threshold energy?

Ans: The minimum amount of energy that the
reacting molecules possess in order to form
products on collision is called threshold
60
energy.
79
21. How is activation energy related to rate of 30. Define pseudo first order reaction.
23
reaction? Ans: Chemical reactions which are not first
38
Ans: Rate of reaction is inversely proportional to order but behave as fist order reaction
97
activation energy. under suitable conditions are called pseudo
r  1/Ea
ct
first order Reactions. Ex: Inversion of cane
ta
sugar.
22. How is activation energy affected by presence
on
of positive catalyst?
,C
Ans: Activation energy of a reaction decreases
el
in presence of catalyst. nn
ha
23. What is the effect of catalyst on the rate of

reaction?
C
Ans: Rate of reaction remains same or rate of

e
ub
reaction is independent on catalyst

uT
24. For the reaction 2 HI  H2 + I2. Write its

Yo
Molecularity.
S
Ans: Two
N
O
25. Give an example of zero-order reaction.

TI
Ans: 2 HI (g)  H2(g) + I2(g).

A
C
26. What happens to the half-life period for a first

LI
B
order reaction if the initial concentration of

PU
reactants is increased?
Ans: Remains same [because half life period of first
R
order reaction is independent on initial

U
concentration]
B
B
A
27. In a zero order reaction, the time taken to reduce

K
the concentration of reactant from 50% to 25% is

30 min. What is the time required to reduce the
concentration from 25% to 12.5%?
Ans: 15 minutes
28. Define collision frequency.

Ans: Number of collisions per second per unit
volume is called collision frequency.

Chemistry
PU-II Year
9. Name the dispersed phase in gel

Surface Chemistry
5 Ans: Liquid
Target Q. No.:- 6 & 7 10. Give an example for oil in water emulsion
One Mark Questions & Answers Ans: Milk, Vanishing cream
1. What is adsorption? 11. What type of colloidal emulsion is present in

Ans: A surface phenomenon wherein there is butter
accumulation of molecules on the surface Ans: Water in oil (W/O)
(than in the bulk) of a solid or a liquid.
60
12. What is the dispersion medium in gel?
79
2. Why solids in finely divided state are good Ans: Solid
23
adsorbent?
13. Between Na2SO4 and Na3PO4 which has
38
Ans: Solids in finely divided state have large
greater power to coagulate a positively
97
surface area, as surface area increases
charged colloid?
adsorbing power increases.
ct
Ans: Na3PO4
ta
3. What is desorption?
on
14. Alum is added to muddy drinking water.
Ans: The process of removing an adsorbed
,C
Why?
substance from a surface on which it is
Ans: Alum is added to muddy drinking water to
el
adsorbed is called desorption.
coagulate
nn
4. Name the substance used to decolour the
ha
solution of raw sugar.

15. What is the dispersed phase in milk?
C
Ans: Animal charcoal

Ans: Oil or liquid
e
ub
5. Name of the phenomenon in which both the

16. A liquid is dispersed in a gas. Name the type
uT
adsorption and desorption takes place

of colloid obtained.
simultaneously.
Yo
Ans: Liquid aerosol

Ans: Sorption
S
17. Name the instrument designed by

N
6. Why is adsorption always exothermic?

O
Zsigmondy.
Ans: During adsorption there is always decrease
TI
Ans: Ultra microscope

in residual forces on the surface, hence
A
C
adsorption is always exothermic. 18. Movement of the dispersion medium in an

LI
Or electric field by preventing the movement of

B
There is decrease in surface energy which

PU
colloidal particles by suitable method. Name

appears as heat, hence adsorption is always the phenomenon
R
exothermic. Ans: Electro osmosis

U
B
7. Name catalyst used in the conversion of

B
19. The process by which colloidal particles

A
alcohols into gasoline (petrol) aggregate, become bigger and settle down.
K
Ans: Zeolite ZSM-5 (Zeolite Sieve of molecular Name the phenomenon

porosity-5) Ans: Coagulation
8. Name the colloidal system in which dispersed 20. What happens when an electrolyte is added
phase is solid and dispersion medium is to lyophobic sol?
liquid Ans: Coagulation or precipitation
Ans: Sol

Chemistry
PU-II Year
21. Name the phenomenon, when an electrolyte 29. State and illustrate Hardy- Schulze rule.
having a common ion is added to freshly Ans: Higher the valency of the flocculating ion
prepared precipitate? added, greater is the coagulating power of
Ans: Peptization the ion.
22. Among SO2 (critical temperature 630K) and 30. Difine coagulating value or flocculating value
CH4 (critical temperature 190K) which gas Ans: The minimum concentration of electrolyte
will be adsorbed readily on the surface of 1 in millimoles per litre required to cause
gram of activated charcoal. precipitation of a sol in 2 hours is called
60
Ans: SO2 gas coagulating value. Smaller the coagulating
value, higher is the coagulating power of
79
23. What is the effect of temperature on physical the ion.
23
and chemical adsorption?
38
Ans: Physical adsorption decreases with increase
97
in temperature. Chemical adsorption
increases with increase in temperature.
ct
ta
on
24. What is shape selective catalysis?
,C
Ans: A catalytic reaction that depends on pore
structure of the catalyst and size of the
reactant and product molecules is called
el
nn
shape selective catalysis. E.g.: zeolites.
ha
C
e
25. What is a Sol?

ub
Ans: It is a colloid wherein the dispersed phase

uT
is a solid and dispersion medium is a liquid.

Yo
[Eg: Sulphur dispersed in Water. Sulphur

(solid) is the dispersed phase, water is the
S
dispersion medium]
N
O
TI
A
26. What is peptization? Give an example

C
Ans: The process of converting a freshly

LI
prepared precipitate (suspension) into a

B
PU
colloid by adding a electrolyte having a

common ion is called peptization.
R
U
27. What is electro dialysis?

B
Ans: The process of increasing the rate of

B
A
dialysis, under the influence of an electric

K
field is called electro dialysis.
28. What is Electrophoresis?

Ans: Movement of electrically charged colloidal
particles towards their oppositely charged
electrodes when the colloid is placed in an
electric field is electrophoresis

Chemistry
PU-II Year
11. What are the products formed when calcium

6 Metallurgy carbonate is calcined?
Ans: CaO + CO2
Target Q. No.:- 8
One Mark Questions & Answers 12. Give the composition of copper matte.
Ans: Cu2S + FeS
1. What is mineral?
Ans: Naturally occurring substances which can 13. How is FeO removed during the extraction of
be directly extracted from earth crest is copper?
60
called mineral Ans: It is removed as iron silicate FeSiO3 using
SiO2.
79
2. What is ore?
23
Ans: Ore is a mineral form from which a metal 14. What do you mean by blister copper?
38
can be extracted economically and Ans: The solidified copper obtained has blistered
97
conveniently. appearance due to the evolution of SO2 and
so it is called blister copper.
ct
3. What is gangue or matrix?
ta
15. During froth floatation process, name the
on
Ans: the unwanted earthy and siliceous
impurities associated with ore is called component that comes along with the froth.
,C
gangue or matrix Ans: Ore
el
nn
16. Why do we add collectors during froth
4. What is flux?
floatation?
ha
Ans: A chemical substance which is used to

A: To enhance non-wettability of ore particles
C
remove the gangue present in ore is called

by water.
e
flux.
ub
uT
5. What is slag?
17. Name the depressant used in the
Ans: The easily fusible mass formed by gangue
Yo
concentration of ore containing ZnS and

and flux is called slag.
PbS?
S
N
6. Name an important ore of Aluminium. Ans: NaCN

O
Ans: Bauxite
TI
18. Name the refining method used to produce

A
7. Give the composition of copper pyrites. semiconductors

C
Ans: Zone refining

LI
Ans: CuFeS2
B
19. What type of elements are refined by zone

PU
8. What is meant by concentration of ores?

refining method?
Ans: The process of removal of earthy
R
Ans: Elements such as Si, Ge, Ga, etc., which are

impurities from the ore.
U
used as semiconductors, are refined by this

B
B
9. Name the electrolyte used in the extraction of method.

A
aluminium.
K
20. Name the process usually employed for the

Ans: Molten Al2O3 + Cryolite + CaF2
purification of nickel.
10. Sulphide ores are roasted before reduction. Ans: Mond’s process
Why?
21. Which metal is refined by Van – Arkel
Ans: To convert sulphides to oxides so that
method?
reduction is easy.
Ans: Ti and Zr

Chemistry
PU-II Year
22. Among carbon and carbon monoxide which

p-Block Elements
one is a better reducing agent for Fe2O3
above 1073K?
7
Ans: Carbon Target Q. No.:- 9
One Mark Questions & Answers
23. Why carbon monoxide can act as better 1. Name the radioactive noble gas
reducing agent for reducing Fe2O3 bellow Answer: Radon
1073K?
Ans: Because the ∆G0 for the formation of oxide 2. Name the Most abundant noble gas
60
of carbon monoxide is more negative than Answer: Argon
79
the formation of iron oxide.
23
3. Why noble gases are chemically inert?
24. Write the principle involved in the Zone
38
Answer: Stable completely filled orbitals are there.
refining.
97
Ans: This method is based on the difference in 4. Why noble gases have maximum ionization
ct
solubility of impurities in molten and solid enthalpy in the corresponding period.
ta
state of the metals.
on
Answer: Stable completely filled orbitals are
25. Haematite ore particles are heavier than there
,C
gangue. Suggest a suitable method for its
el
concentration. 5. Why noble gases have positive electron gain
nn
Ans: Gravity separation enthalpy
ha
Answer: Stable completely filled orbitals are

C
26. Which type of ore is concentrated by froth there

e
floatation process?
ub
Ans: Sulphide ore 6. Which is the first noble gas compound

uT
synthesized?
Yo
27. What is the importance of roasting and Answer: Xe+PtF-6

calcination?
S
N
Ans: This is done to get the metal in its oxide 7. Who prepared first noble gas compound?
O
form so that reduction can be done easily. Answer: Neil Bartlett

TI
A
28. Give an example of a metal that can be

C
8. Noble gases have very low boiling point .Why?

extracted by electrolytic method.
LI
Answer: They are mono atomic due to weak

B
Ans: Aluminium (Or Sodium, magnesium)

dispersion forces, hence have low boiling
PU
points.
29. In the extraction of aluminium carbon anodes
R
U
are replaced regularly. Why?

B
Ans: Because the carbon gets worn out as the

B
oxygen liberated reacts with it to form CO2.

A
K
30. Name the refining method used for silver and

gold?
Ans: Electrolytic refining

Chemistry
PU-II Year
8. The outer electronic configuration of Cu is

d & f-Block Elements
8 3d10 4s1 instead of 3d 94s 2, why?
Target Q. No.:- 10 Ans. completely filled (3d10) orbitals are

One Mark Questions & Answers relatively more stable, hence one electron
of 4s orbital jumps to 3d orbital.
1. Zinc, cadmium and mercury of group 12 are 9. Why do transition metals have higher
not regarded as transition metals, Why? enthalpies of atomization?
Ans. Zinc, cadmium and mercury of group 12 Ans: Involvement of a large number of unpaired
60
have full d10 configuration ( d orbitals are electrons of d orbitals favors stronger inter
79
completely filled ) in their ground state as atomic interactions resulting in stronger
23
well as in their common oxidation states bonds between the atoms of a metal and
38
and hence, are not regarded as transition higher enthalpies of atomization.
97
metals
10. Name one 3d series elements that do not
ct
2. Why d- block elements are named as show variable oxidation states.
ta
‘transition elements? Ans. Sc (+3)
on
Ans: The d–block elements occupy the middle
,C
of the periodic table and their properties are 11. Transition metals exhibit variable oxidation
states in its compounds, why?
el
transitional between s and p–block
Ans. Transition metals exhibit variable
nn
elements.
oxidation states in its compounds due to the
ha
3. Write the general electronic configuration of d availability of both ns & (n – 1 ) d electrons

C
block elements. for bond formation.

e
ub
Ans: [Noble gas] (n-1)d1-10ns1-2 12. Name 3d series metal which shows highest
uT
4. Write the general outer electronic oxidation state.

Yo
configuration of d- block elements. Ans: The highest oxidation state shown by 3d

series transition metals is +7 by Mn
S
Ans: The general outer electronic configuration

N
of d- block elements is (n-1)d1–10 ns1–2 13. Name a metal in the 3d series of transition
O
TI
metals which exhibit +1 oxidation state most

5. Write the general electronic configuration of
A
frequently.
C
f- block elements. Ans. copper

LI
Ans: The general electronic configuration of f-

B
block elements (Lanthanoids) is 14. What is the trend in oxidation state of

PU
[Xe] 4f1 – 14 5d 0- 1 6s2 transition metals?

R
Ans: The oxidation state increases with increase

U
in atomic number & reaches a maximum in

B
6. Name a member of the lanthanide series

B
which is well known to exhibit +4 oxidation the middle and then decreases.
A
state.
K
15. 3d series transition metals exhibit +2 as the

Ans. Cerium
most common oxidation state (except Sc)
why?
7. The outer electronic configuration of Cr is 3d 5
Ans: The +2 oxidation state, which commonly
4s1 instead of 3d 44s 2, why? occurs for nearly all the transition metal is
Ans: Half filled (3d5) orbitals are relatively more due to the loss of their outer 4s electrons
stable, hence one electron of 4s orbital
jumps to 3d orbital.

Chemistry
PU-II Year
16. Why transition metals and their compounds 24. What is Actinoid contraction?
show paramagnetic behaviour? Ans: There is a gradual decrease in the size of
Ans. The transition metal ions are generally atoms or M3+ ions across the series. This is
containing one or more unpaired electrons known as the actinoid contraction.
in them & hence their compounds are
generally paramagnetic. 25. Actinoid contraction is more than lanthanoid
contraction. Give reason.
17. Name alloys of transition metals with non
Ans: The actinoid contraction is, more than
transition metals.
lanthanoid contraction due to poor
60
Ans. Brass (Cu & Zn) or Bronze (Cu & Sn)
shielding by 5f electrons from nuclear
79
18. What is the action of neutral or faintly charge.
23
alkaline permanganate solution on iodide?
38
Ans. Alkaline permanganate solution oxidizes 26. Actionoids show larger number of oxidation
97
iodide to iodate. states than lanthanoids. Why?
Ans: In actinoids 5f, 6d and 7s levels are of
ct
19. What happens when potassium comparable energies, hence electrons from
ta
permanganate is heated to 513 K?
on
these orbitals are available to lose or share.
Ans: Potassium permanganate decomposes at
,C
513K to potassium manganate, manganese 27. Give one use of Misch metal.
el
dioxide and oxygen. Ans. Misch metal is used in Mg-based alloy to
nn
produce bullets, shell and lighter flint.
ha
20. What is the principal oxidation state

C
exhibited by the lanthanoids? 28. Why transition metals forms alloys readily?
e
Ans: The principal oxidation state of lanthanoids Ans: Transition metals readily form alloys with
ub
is +3. other transition metals because of their

uT
similar radii
Yo
21. Write the spin-only formula used to calculate

29. Give one use of transition metal alloy.
the magnetic moment of metal ions.
S
Ans: Ferrous alloys containing chromium,

N
Ans: The magnetic moment is determined by

vanadium, tungsten, molybdenum and
O
using the spin only formula,

TI
manganese are used for the production of a

A
Where n is the number of variety of steels.

C
unpaired electrons and μ is the magnetic

LI
moment
B
PU
22. Why is Sc3+ (or Zn2+ ) diamagnetic?

R
U
Ans: Sc3+(Z=21) 3d0 no unpaired electron, n=0,

B
μ=0.
B
A
(or Zn2+(Z=30) 3d10 no unpaired electron,

K
n=0, μ=0)
23. What is the most common oxidation state of

lanthanoids and actionoids?
Ans: The most common oxidation state of
lanthanoids and actionoids is +3.

Chemistry
PU-II Year
10. Allylic and benzylic halides are highly

Haloalkanes &
9 Haloarenes
reactive towards SN1 reaction. Why?
Ans: Because the carbocation formed from
Target Q. No.:- 11 allylic and benzylic halides is more stable
One Mark Questions & Answers due to resonance.
1. What are haloalkanes?
11. Between SN 1and SN2 reactions which one
Ans: Haloalkane is a derivative obtained by
proceeds with complete stereo chemical
replacing hydrogen atom of alkane by
inversion?
halogen atom.
Ans: SN2 reaction.
60
79
2. What is the hybridization of the carbon
12. Between SN1 and SN2 reactions which one
attached with vinylic halides (or) aryl
23
proceeds with racemisation?
halides?
38
Ans: SN1 reaction.
Ans: sp2 hybridisation.
97
13. What are optically active compounds?
ct
3. Among phosphorus trihalides which halides Ans: Certain compounds rotate the plane
ta
are generated in situ? polarized light when it is passed through
on
Ans: PBr3, PI3 their solutions are called as optically active
,C
(in situ means situated in original place) compounds.
el
4. Free radical halogenation of hydrocarbons is 14. What are dextro rotatory compounds?
nn
not a best method to prepare haloalkanes. Ans: The compound which rotates plane
ha
Why? polarized light in clockwise direction is

C
Ans: Because this method gives mixture of called as dextro rotatory compound.
e
isomeric mono and poly haloalkanes, which

ub
15. What is a laevo rotatory compound?

is difficult to separate as pure compounds.
uT
Ans: The compound which rotates plane

polarized light in anticlockwise direction is
Yo
5. Why fluoro compounds cannot be prepared

called as laevo rotatory compound.
from electrophilic substitution reaction?
S
N
Ans: Due to high reactivity of fluorine. 16. What are optical isomers?
O
Ans: The dextro and laevo rotatory isomers of a

TI
6. What happens to the boiling point of isomeric

compound are called as optical isomers.
A
haloalkanes with increase in branching?

C
Ans: decreases.
LI
17. What is asymmetric carbon (or) stereo

B
centre?
PU
7. How density and atomic mass of halogen

Ans: A carbon atom attached with four different
atoms in haloalkanes are related?
substituent groups is called as asymmetric
R
Ans: Directly
U
carbon (or) stereo centre.

B
8. Why tertiary alkyl halide undergoes SN1

B
18. What are chirals?

A
reaction very fast?

Ans: The objects which are non-superimposable
K
Ans: Because of the high stability of tertiary

on their mirror image are said to be chirals.
carbocation
19. What are achiral molecules?
9. What is the order of reactivity of alkyl halides
Ans: The molecules which are, superimposable
towards SN1 and SN2 reaction?
0 0 0
on their mirror images are called achiral
Ans: Towards SN1 3 > 2 > 1 molecules.
0 0 0
Towards SN2 1 > 2 > 3 .

Chemistry
PU-II Year
20. Between propan–2-ol and butan–2–ol, 30. Why SN1mechanism is ruled out in
identify the chiral molecule? haloarenes?
Ans: Butan–2-ol. Ans: In case of haloarenes, the phenyl cation
formed as a result of self-ionization will not
21. What are enantiomers? be stabilized by resonance and therefore,
Ans: The stereo isomers related to each other as
SN1mechanism is ruled out.
non-superimposable mirror images are
called enantiomers. 31. What happens to the reactivity of haloarenes
towards nucleophilic substitution when
22. What are racemic mixtures?
60
electron withdrawing group present at ortho
Ans: A mixture containing two enantiomers in equal
79
proportions will have zero optical rotation, are or para position?
23
called as racemic mixture (or) racemic Ans: Increases.
38
modification.
32. What is Wurtz-Fitting reaction?
97
23. What is racemization? Ans: A mixture of an alkyl halide and aryl halide
ct
Ans: The process of conversion of enantiomer gives an alkylarene when treated with
ta
into a racemic mixture is known as sodium in dry ether and is called as Wurtz-
on
racemization. Fitting reaction.
,C
24. Between α and β- hydrogen which one is 33. Expand DDT
el
Ans: Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane
removed during dehydrohalogenation of
nn
alkyl halides?
ha
34. Among chloral, chloroform, DDT,

Ans: β - Hydrogen.
C
carbontetrachlorides, which has more

e
25. What are organo-metallic compounds? number of chlorides?

ub
A: Most organic chlorides, bromides and iodides Ans: DDT

uT
react with certain metals to give compounds

35. What is phosgene?
Yo
containing carbon-metal bonds are known

Ans: Phosgene is an oxidised formed of
as organo – metallic compounds.
S
Chloroform.
N
O
26. Write the general formula of Grignard

36. CH3 – Br + AgF  CH3 - F + AgBr. Name the
TI
reagent?
A
Ans: RMgX. reaction.

C
Ans: Swarts reaction

LI
B
27. Name the product formed when Grignard 37. What are Freons?
PU
reagent treated with water? Ans: Chlorofluorocarbons of methane and ethane

Ans: Alkanes are called freons
R
U
B
28. What is the hybridization of carbon atom in 38. Name the organic product formed when
B
chlorobenzene is treated with sodium in dry

C-X bond of alkyl halides?
A
ether.
K
Ans: sp3hybridisation Ans: Biphenyl
39. R  X  NaI  R  I  NaX What is

Dry acetone
29. Mention the hybridization of carbon atom in
C-X bond of aryl halides? the name of reaction?
Ans: Finkelstein reaction
Ans: sp2hybridisation
40. Name the compound formed when 2 –
bromopropane is heated with alcoholic potash
Ans: Propene

Chemistry
PU-II Year
13. The boiling point of alcohols is much higher

10 Alcohols, Phenols &
Ethers
than ethers and other classes of compounds
with similar molecular masses. Give reason.
Target Q. No.:- 12 Ans: Due to intermolecular hydrogen bonding
One Mark Questions & Answers in alcohols.
1. Name the alcohol which is used for polishing
14. Give reason: Lower alcohols are soluble in
wooden furniture.
water.
Ans: Ethanol
Ans: Due to the formation of hydrogen bonds
with water molecules.
60
2. What are alcohols?
79
Ans: Hydroxyl derivatives of aliphatic 15. Name the compound which is also known as
compounds are called alcohols.
23
carbolic acid.
38
3. What is the IUPAC name of Ans: Phenol
97
CH2(OH)-CH2(OH) ? 16. Name the method by which O-nitrophenol
ct
Ans: Ethane-1, 2-diol and p-nitrophenol are separated.
ta
Ans: By steam distillation the two isomers are
on
4. Write the structure of 2-methyl cyclopentanol. separated.
,C
Ans:
17. Ether is soluble in water. Give reason.
el
Ans: Ether is soluble in water because oxygen of
nn
ether form hydrogen bonds with water
5. Name the simplest hydroxyl derivative of
ha
molecule.
benzene.
C
Ans: Phenol 18. Name the product formed in following reaction

e
ub
6. What is the IUPAC name of Resorcinol?

uT
Ans: Benzene-1, 3-diol

Yo
Ans: Benzene
7. What is the common name of CH3OC2H5?
S
19. Complete the Reaction

N
Ans: Ethylmethyl ether

O
o
R  CH 2  OH Cu/300
 C

TI
8. Write the formula of anisole.

A
Ans: C6H5OCH3 o
R  CH 2  OH Cu/300
 C
 RHO
C
Ans:
LI
9. What is the IUPAC name of anisole?

B
PU
Ans: Methoxybenzene.
20. What is Lucas Reagent?
R
10. Write the IUPAC name of CH2 = CH- CH2OH Ans: Anhydrous ZnCl2 + Conc. HCl
U
Ans: prop-2-en-1-ol
B
B
A
11. Why is the bond angle in alcohols is

K
slightly less than the tetrahedral angle?
Ans: It is due to the repulsion between the

unshared electron pairs of oxygen atom
12. Write the chemical name of cumene.

Ans: Isopropyl benzene.

Chemistry
PU-II Year
10. Name the reagent used in the Stephen

11 Aldehydes, Ketones &
Carboxylic acids
reaction.
Ans: Stannous chloride in presence of HCl.
Target Q. No.:- 13 11. Identify the following reaction
One Mark Questions & Answers Ans:
1. What are aldehydes?
Ans: Aldehydes are the organic compounds
containing carbonyl group linked with one Clemmensons reduction
hydrogen and one alkyl/aryl group.
60
12. Name the products obtained when aldehydes
2. What are carboxylic acids?
79
are oxidized.
Ans: Carboxylic acids are the organic
23
Ans: Carboxylic acid
compounds containing carboxyl (-COOH)
38
group/s 13. What is Tollen’s reagent?
97
Ans: Tollen’s reagent is ammonical silver nitrate
3. Between aldehyde and ketones which one is
ct
solution.
ta
confirmed using Tollen’s reagent.
on
Ans: Aldehyde. 14. What is Fehling’s solution?
,C
Ans: Fehling’s solution is a mixture of alkaline
4. Between aldehyde and ketones which one is
copper sulphate solution and sodium
el
confirmed using Fehling’s solution?
potassium tartarate solution.
nn
Ans: Aldehyde.
ha
15. What is formalin?

5. Write the IUPAC name of the
C
Ans: 40 % aqueous solution of formaldehyde is

compound.CHO-CH2-CH(CHO)-CH2-CHO.
e
called as formalin.
ub
Ans: Propane-1,2,3-tricarbaldehyde.
uT
16. Name the product obtained when sodium

acetate treated with sodalime.
Yo
6. The boiling point of aldehydes and ketones are

higher than hydrocarbons and ethers of Ans: Methane
S
N
comparable molecular mass. Why. 17. Write the name of the following reaction.
O
Ans: Because in aldehydes and ketones there is a

TI
weak molecular association arising out of

A
C
dipole- dipole interaction.

LI
Ans: Gutterman-koch reaction

B
7. Arrange the following compounds in the

PU
increasing order of their acidic strength.

18. Which type of aldehydes will undergo
HCOOH, CH3COOH, CH3CH2COOH.
R
Cannizzaro’s reaction?
Ans: CH3CH2COOH <CH3COOH< HCOOH
U
Ans: Aldehydes containing no α-hydrogen

B
B
8. Arrange the following compounds in the atoms

A
decreasing order of their acidic strength.

K
19. Which type of aldehydes will undergo aldol

HCOOH, CH3COOH, C6H 5COOH
condensation reaction?
Ans: HCOOH> C6H 5COOH> CH3COOH.
Ans; Aldehydes containing α-hydrogen atoms
9. Arrange the following compounds in the 20. Name the reaction.
increasing order of their acidic strength. Cl-
CH2COOH, Br- CH2COOH, F-CH2COOH
Ans: Br-CH2COOH <Cl-CH2COOH<F-
CH2COOH
Ans: Rosenmond reaction
Chemistry
PU-II Year
forces. The weak binding forces permit the

12 Polymers polymer to be stretched.
[Ex: vulcanized rubber, Buna-S, Buna-N,
Target Q. No.:- 14 neoprene etc.]
One Mark Questions & Answers
1. What are polymers? 9. What are fibers?
Ans: A large number of simple repeating units Ans: Fibres are thread- like polymer possessing
linked together through covalent bond are high tensile strength and high modulus.
called polymers. They are also called as
60
macromolecules (These characterizations are due to strong
79
intermolecular forces like hydrogen
2. What is a monomer?
23
bonding which result in close packing of
Ans: The simple molecules which combine to
38
chain imparts crystalline structure to the
form polymer are called monomers.
97
polymer. Ex: Nylon 6, 6, terylene, Nylon 6,
3. What is polymerisation? silk etc)
ct
ta
Ans: The process by which monomers are 10. Name the monomer and write the partial
on
converted into polymer is called structure of Nylon-6 (1 + 1)
polymerisation
,C
Ans: Monomer of Nylon-6 - caprolactum
el
4. What are natural polymers? Partial structure - [-CO-(CH2)5-NH-]n
nn
Ans: The polymers which are found in nature i.e 11. Name the monomers and write the partial
ha
in plants and animals are called natural structure of Nylon- 6, 6 (1 + 1)

C
polymers. Ans: Monomer of Nylon-6,6 - Hexamethylene

e
(Ex: proteins, Nucleic acid , starch, diamine and Adipic-acid

ub
cellulose, rubber) Partial structure

uT
5. What are semi synthetic polymers? -[-OC-(CH2)4-CONH-(CH2)6-NH-]n

Yo
Ans: Chemically modified natural polymers are

12. Name the monomers and write the partial
S
called semi synthetic polymers.

N
[Ex: Cellulose acetate (rayon), cellulose structure of terylene (Dacron) (1 + 1)

O
Ans: Monomer of terylene:- Ethylene glycol

TI
nitrate, valcanised rubber.]

and terephthatic-acid
A
C
6. What are synthetic polymers?

LI
Ans: Synthetic polymers are man –made Partial structure-

B
polymers synthesized in the Laboratories or

PU
industries used in daily life.

R
[Ex: Polythene, poly vinyl chloride, nylon,

13. Name the monomer and write the partial
U
Terylene, Teflon Bakelite]

B
structure of Bakalite? (1 + 1)
B
7. What is Co- polymerization Ans: Monomer of Bakalite - Phenol and

A
formaldehyde
K
Ans: It is polymerization reaction in which a

mixture of more than one monomeric Partial structure:
species is allowed to polymerize and form a
co polymer.
8. What are elastomers?

Ans: Elastomers are rubber like solid with
elastic properties. In these the polymer
chains are held by weakest intermolecular
Chemistry
PU-II Year
14. Name the monomer present in natural

rubber. Write the partial structure (1+1) 13 Chemistry in Every
Day Life
Ans: Natural rubber is a polymer of cis-2-
methyl-1, 3-butadiene (isoprene). Target Q. No.:- 15
Its partial structure is One Mark Questions & Answers
1. Define the term chemotherapy.
Ans: Chemotherapy means the treatment of the
disease by means of chemicals that have
specific effect upon the disease causing
60
15. Define Synthetic rubber? Give one example micro-organisms without harming the
79
(1 + 1) friendly micro-organisms or bacteria which
23
Ans: Synthetic rubber is defined as any the body needs. Or
38
valcanisable rubber like polymer capable of The therapeutic action of drug is called
97
getting stretched to twice its length and Chemotherapy
2. What is drug?
ct
returns to its original length, size and shape
ta
when the stretching force is withdrawn Ans: A low molecular mass substance which can
on
Ex: Neoprene, Buna-S, Buna-N interact with large molecular mass targets is
,C
called drug.
el
16. What is Valcanisation? 3. What is medicine?
nn
Ans: The process of heating natural rubber with Ans: A drug which has therapeutic effect is
ha
sulphur or sulphur containing compounds called medicine

C
at about 415k for a few hours in order to 4. Which forces are involved in holding the
e
give strength and elasticity to natural

ub
drugs to the active sites of enzymes?

rubber is called vulcanization. Ans: These are different inter-molecular forces
uT
like dipolar forces, Hydrogen bonding, van

Yo
18. What is bio-degradable polymer? Give der Waals’ forces etc...

example (1 + 1)
S
N
Ans:Bio-degradable polymers are those which 5. Antacids and antiallegic drugs interfere with
O
contain functional groups similar to the the function of histamines but do not
TI
functional groups present in bio-polymers interfere with the function of each other.
A
Give reason
C
Ex: PHBV
LI
(Polyhydroxybutyrate-cohydroxyvalerate) Ans They do not interfere with the functioning

B
of each other because they work on

PU
different receptors in the body.

19. What is non bio-degradable polymer?
R
Give example (1 + 1) 6. What is meant by the term ‘broad spectrum

U
B
Ans: A large number of synthetic polymers are antibiotic’?

B
resistant to the environmental degradation Ans. Broad spectrum antibiotics are drugs which
A
processes and responsible for the

K
are effective against a large number of

accumulation of polymers solid waste harmful micro-organisms causing diseases.
materials and cause environmental
problems are called Non-biodegradable 7. Low level of noradrenaline is the cause of
polymers. depression. Give reason
Ans: Low level of noradrenaline which acts as a
Ex: polythene, Nylon, Terylene etc
neurotransmitter reduces the signal sending
ability to the nerves and the patient suffers
from depression.
Chemistry
PU-II Year
9. Why are cimetidine and ranitidine better 18. What are analgesics?
antacids than sodium bicarbonate or Ans: Drugs which abolish/reduce pain are called
magnesium or aluminium hydroxides? analgesics
Ans. Prolong use of both sodium bicarbonate
and hydroxides of magnesium or aluminium 19. What are broad spectrum antibiotics?
can cause the secretion of excessive acid in Ans: Drugs which act against both gram positive
the stomach. This may be quite harmful and and gram negative bacteria are called broad
may lead to the formation of ulcers and spectrum antibiotics
hence both cimetidine and ranitidine are
60
better salts without any side effect. 20. Give the example for food preservative.
79
Ans: Sodium benzoate
23
11. Name a substance which can be used as an
38
antiseptic as well as disinfectant. 21. Which hormone tends to increase blood
97
Ans: About 0.2 percent solution of phenol can sugar level in the blood?
act as antiseptic whereas about 1.0 percent Ans: Insulin
ct
solution of the same can act as disinfectant.
ta
22. Mention a drug which can act, both as an
on
12. What are the main constituents of dettol? analgesic as well as an Antipyretic.
,C
Ans: The main constituents of antiseptic dettol Ans: Paracetamol
el
are chloroxylenol and terpenol. nn
23. Give a example of an anionic detergent?
ha
13. What is tincture of iodine? What is its use? Ans: Sodium lurylbenzenesulphonate
C
Ans: Tincture of iodine is a dilute solution of

e
iodine (2 to 3 percent ) prepared in ethanol. 24. What are Tranquilizers?

ub
It is a powerful antiseptic particularly in Ans: Neurologically active drugs which reduce

uT
case of fresh wounds. stress, mildness and some saviour mental

Yo
diseases by inducing feeling of well beingness

14. Why is use of aspartame restricted to cold are called tranquilizers
S
N
foods and drinks?

O
Ans: Aspartame is a very good sweetener for 25. What are antiseptics?
TI
foods and drinks. But its use is restricted to Ans: Antiseptics are which are directly applied to
A
the host tissue

C
cold stuff only. In case these are hot, the

LI
sweetener may decompose and it may not be 26. Which artificial sugar provide low calorie.
B
effective any more.

PU
Ans: Saccharine
R
15. Name the sweetening agent used in the

27. What are soft soaps?
U
preparation of sweets for a diabetic patient.

B
Ans: Potassium salts of higher fatty acids are called

B
Ans: Saccharine soft soaps.

A
K
16. Name the first popular artificial sweetening 28. Name the drug which binds to the receptor
agent. site and prevent the entry of chemical
Ans: Saccharine messenger
Ans: Agonist
17. Give one example of tranquilizers?
Ans: Equanil

Chemistry
PU-II Year
29. Why are detergents called soapless soaps?

Chemistry in Every Day Life
Ans: Detergents are called soapless soaps
becauses they resemble soaps in their Points to Remember
cleansing action but they do not contain the Antacids:
usual chemical contents of soaps i.e., sodium  These are drugs used to treat hyper acidity.
or potassium salts of long chain fatty acids.  Example: NaHCO3, a mixture of Mg(OH)2 and
In other words, we can say that they behave Al(OH)3, Cimetidine (Tegamet) and
as soaps without being actually soaps. ranitidine (Zantac)
Histamine:
60
30. What are biodegradable and non-
 It is a potent vasodilator.
79
biodegradable detergents? Give an example
 It has many functions.
of each.
23
 It is responsible for the nasal congestion
Ans: Detergents are non-biodegradable in the
38
associated with common cold and allergic
sense that they cannot be degraded or
97
response to pollen
decomposed by the micro-organisms. They
Antihistamine:
ct
mix with water present in rivers, ponds,
 Antihistamines are antiallergic drugs that
ta
lakes etc. as such without getting
on
inhibit the action of Histamine.
decomposed and thus cause pollution
 Examples: brompheniramine (Dimetapp)
,C
problems. The biodegradable detergents are
and terfenadine (Seldane) act as
el
the ones which can be degraded. These are
antihistamines
nn
being synthesised by reducing the
Neurologically active drugs:
ha
branching of the chain. Sodium n-

 These can affect the message transfer
C
dodecylbenzene sulphonate is a
mechanism from nerve to receptor.
e
biodegradable detergent. Even soaps act as

 These include tranquilizers and analgesics.
ub
biodegradable detergents.
Tranquilizers:
uT
31. Why do soaps not work in hard water?  These are drugs used for the treatment of
Yo
Ans: Hard water contains certain calcium and stress and mild or even severe mental
S
magnesium salts which combine with soaps diseases.

N
to form corresponding magnesium  These are neurologically active drugs.

O
 These relieve anxiety, stress and excitement

TI
compounds. These being insoluble, get

A
separated as curdy white precipitates by inducing a sense of well-being.

C
resulting in wastage of soap.  These are present in sleeping pills.

LI
Antidepressant:
B
 Drugs for reducing depression.

PU
32. Can you use soaps and synthetic detergents to

check the hardness of water?  E.g., Iproniazid and phenelzine
R
Ans: Soaps can be used to check hardness of Mild tranquilizers:

U
 Suitable for relieving tension.

B
water as they will form insoluble

B
precipitates of calcium and magnesium salts  E.g., chlordiazepoxide and meprobamate,

A
equanil
K
on reacting with hard water. Since

detergents do not form any precipitate they Barbiturates:
cannot check hardness of water.  These are derivatives of barbituric acid.
 These are hypnotic (i.e.,sleep producing)
agents.
 E.g,.veronal, amytal, nembutal, luminal
and seconal
Note:-Valium and serotonin are also used as
tranquilizers
Chemistry
PU-II Year
Analgesics: antiseptics etc

 Analgesics are used to reduce or abolish Antibiotics:
pain.  These are chemicals of less toxicity used
 These include narcotic and non-narcotic to treat infections.
analgesics.  Antibiotics are produced by
Non narcotic analgesics: microorganisms or by chemical
 Aspirin and paracetamol belongs to this synthesis.
class.  Antibiotics are capable to destroy or
 These are non-addictive. inhibit the growth of microorganisms
60
Aspirin (pathogens).
79
 Its chemical name is Acetylsalicylic acid  Antibiotics may be bacteriostatic (static
23
 It is a widely used non-narcotic analgesic effect on bacteria) or bacteriocidal (cidal
38
and antipyretic drug. effect).
 Aspirin inhibits the synthesis of  Bacteriostatic antibiotics inhibit the
97
Chemical prostaglandins which stimulate growth of bacteria without killing them.
ct
inflammation in the tissue and cause E.g., Chloramphenicol
ta
pain.  Bacteriocidalantibiotics inhibit the
on
 It helps in reducing fever (antipyretic). growth of bacteria by killing them.
,C
 It helps in relieving skeletal pain such as E.g., Pencillin, Ofloxacin.
el
that due to arthritis, head ache, back Note: The first antibiotic, Penicillin (found in
nn
ache etc. Pencillium fungus) was discovered by
ha
 It helps in preventing platelet Alexander Fleming. Ampicillin and Amoxycillin

C
coagulation. are synthetic modifications of penicillin. It is

e
 Because of its anti-blood clotting action, essential to test the patients for sensitivity
ub
aspirin finds use in prevention of heart (allergy) to penicillin before it is administered.

uT
attacks Classification of Antibiotics:

Yo
Paracetamol: On the basis of their range, antibiotics

It is a general antipyretic and analgesic. Over can be grouped as: broad spectrum, narrow
S
N
dosage may lead to liver damage. spectrum and limited spectrum antibiotics.
O
Narcotic analgesics: Broad spectrum:

TI
 These are addictive in nature.  Effective against a wide range of gram

A
 Morphine, Heroine, Codeine etc belongs

C
positive and gram negative bacteria.

LI
to this class.  E.g. Chloramphenicol, Amoxycillin,

B
 In medicinal doses, they relieve pain and Ampicillin, ofloxacin etc.

PU
produce sleep. Narrow spectrum:

 These analgesics are chiefly used for the  Effective against gram positive or gram
R
U
relief of postoperative pain, cardiac pain negative bacteria

B
 E.g., Pencillin G.
B
and pains of terminal cancer and in child

A
birth. Limited spectrum:

K
 Morphine is obtained from opium poppy,  Effective against a single bacterium

so it is referred to as opiates. Antiseptics & disinfectants:
Antimicrobials:  These are chemicals which kill or
 These are chemical compounds which prevent the growth of micro organisms.
prevent the action of microbes  These are not ingested like antibiotics.
 These include antibacterial agents,  These are used for sterilization purposes.
antiviral agents (kills virus), antifungal
agents, antiparasitic agents, antibiotics,

Chemistry
PU-II Year
Antiseptics Disinfectants Natural sweeteners like sucrose (cane sugar)

1. These are applied to 1. These are used add to calorie intake. Hence these are not
living tissues such as only on inanimate preferred by diabetic patients.
wounds, ulcers etc. (nonliving) objects Artificial sweeteners do not add to calorie
2. Examples: Dettol®, such as floors, intake. Hence these are preferred by diabetic
tincture of iodine, drainage etc
patients.
iodoform(for wounds), 2. Examples: Phenol
Artificial sweeteners are many times as sweet as
phenol(0.02%), (1%), non diluted
sucrose.
furacine, soframicine, Dettol® etc...
etc.... Artificial sweeteners:
60
Note:- Dettol® is a mixture of chloroxylenol 1. Saccharin (Ortho-sulphobenzimide): The
79
and terpineol. Note:-2-3% solution of iodine in first popular artificial sweetening agent
23
alcohol is known as tincture of iodine. which is about 550 times as sweet as cane
38
Antifertility drugs: sugar
97
 These are drugs used in family planning 2. Aspartame-(100 times) used in cold foods
and birth control. and soft drinks only, because it is
ct
 These are mixture of synthetic estrogen unstable at cooking temperature.
ta
3. Sucralose-(600 times) tri chloro
on
and progesterone derivatives.
 Estrogen and estrogen derivatives derivative of sucrose, stable at cooking
,C
suppress ovulation. temperature
el
 E.g. Norethindrone( synthetic 4. Alitame-(2000 times)
nn
progesterone derivative), Food preservatives
ha
ethynylestradiol (novestrol-  These are chemicals that prevent the

C
progesterone derivative). spoilage of food due to microbial growth.

e
 Examples: sodium benzoate, table salt,

ub
Antipyretics:
 These are drugs that reduce body sugar and vegetable oils.
uT
temperature in fever to normal body CLEANSING AGENTS

Yo
temperature.  These are chemicals that improve the

 E.g. Paracetamol, aspirin etc... cleansing properties of water.
S
 These help in removal of fats, which bind

N
CHEMICALS IN FOOD
O
Chemicals are added to food for: other materials to the fabric or skin.
TI
Soaps: Soaps are potassium or sodium salts of

A
(i) Their preservation

C
(ii) Enhancing their appeal(i.e., to make them higher fatty acids

LI
attractive) and  Example:

B
a) Palmitic acid CH3(CH2)14COOH

PU
(iii) Adding nutritive value in them

Main categories of food additives are as follows: b) Stearic acid CH3(CH2)16COOH)
 Soap molecules can be represented as
R
(i) Food colours

U
R-COONa or R-COOK
B
(ii) Flavours and sweeteners

 Potassium soaps are soft to skin.
B
(iii) Fat emulsifiers and stabilising agents

A
(iv) Flour improvers - antistaling agents and  Soaps are not suitable for hard water.
K
bleaches They are suitable for soft water only

(v) Antioxidants  In hard water they get precipitated as
(vi) Preservatives insoluble calcium or magnesium soaps
(vii) Nutritional supplements such as minerals, E.g. 2CH3(CH2)16COONa + CaCl2 ---
vitamins and amino acids. ---> (CH3(CH2)16COO)2Ca + 2NaCl
Sweeteners:

Chemistry
PU-II Year
Saponification:  They are present in liquid dish washing

When fats (i.e., glyceryl ester of fatty acids) are detergents.
heated with aqueous KOH or NaOH, soaps are  E.g. Stearic acid reacts with
formed. This reaction is known as Polyethyleneglycol to give a nonionic
saponification. detergent.
Example: Sodium sterate formation CH3(CH2)16COOH + HO(CH2 CH2O)n CH2 CH2OH --
CH3(CH2)16COOH + NaOH -------> ------> CH3(CH2)16COO(CH2 CH2O)nCH2CH2OH +
2CH3(CH2)16COONa + H2O H2O
Steric acid Steric acid Polyethyleneglycol
60
sodium sterate
79
 In this process soap obtained remains in Bio degradable detergents:
 These have straight chain hydrocarbon.
23
colloidal form.
 Soap is precipitated from the solution by  E.g. Sodium laurylsulphate,
38
Sodiumdodecyl benzene sulphonate
97
adding KCl or NaCl.
Synthetic detergents:- Non-biodegradable detergents
ct
 Detergents are cleansing agents without  These have branched chain. If the
ta
any soap. hydrocarbon part is highly branched,
on
 Detergents give foam even in hard water. then bacteria cannot degrade them
,C
So detergents can be used in hard and easily.
 They accumulate in soil and in water.
el
soft water (and even in ice cold water). nn
Synthetic detergents are mainly classified into  They cause pollution.
ha
three categories namely, E.g.Sodium tetramethyloctylbenzenesulphonate

C
1. Anionic detergents,
e
2. Cationic detergents and

ub
3. Non ionic or neutral detergents.

uT
Anionic detergents: -
Yo
 Anionic Detergents are sodium salts of

sulphonate long chain alcohols or
S
N
hydrocarbons.
O
 Their anionic part acts as cleansing

TI
agent.
A
 They are mostly used for household

C
LI
works and are also present in tooth

B
pastes
PU
 Example: Sodium lurylsulphate

R
Cationic detergents:-
U
 Cationic detergents are quaternary

B
B
ammonium salts of amines with acetates,

A
chlorides or bromides as anions.

K
 Their cationic part acts as cleansing

agent.
 These are expensive and are mainly used
in air conditioners.
 E.g. Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide
Non-ionic or neutral detergents: -
 These have polar groups which can form
hydrogen bonding with water.


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11. Solid SO2 and solid NH3 belong to which type

Ans: Crystalline solids

Ans: It is the total number of nearest

6. A solid shows different values for refractive

index when measured in different directions. -

17. What is the number of octahedral voids

7. When a solid is cut with a sharp edged tool, spheres is N?

they cut into two pieces and the newly Ans: N

generated surfaces are plain and smooth. –

18. What is the number of tetrahedral voids

Identify the type of solid.

Ans: Crystalline solids

8. Which type of force of attractions is present Ans: 2N

19. What is the co-ordination number of a

particle in a tetrahedral void?

9. Which type of force of attractions is present

KABBUR PUBLICATIONS YouTube Channel, Contact 9738237960

22. What are F-centers?

24. Name the type of non-Stoichiometric defect

Ans: Frenkel defect

28. What is doping?

Ans: The process of increasing the conductivity

of an intrinsic semiconductor by adding a

29. What type of semiconductors is obtained

when silicon doped with boron impurity?

Ans: p-type semiconductor

30. Name the unit used to measure magnetic

31. What are diamagnetic substances?

Ans: These are the substances which are

repelled by the magnetic field

32. What are ferromagnetic substances?

33. How body diagonal and radius of a sphere(r)

SHARADA Coaching Centre Bagalkot Sanjeev Aragol M.Sc, B.Ed Page 3

13. Why molarity of solution decreases with

6. Give an example for liquid--‐solid solution 17. State Henry’s law.

Ans: Amalgam of mercury with sodium.

Ans: Ethanol dissolved in water. present above the solution.

Ans: Camphor in nitrogen gas. liquid.

Ans: The solubility of gases increases with

9. Define molarity. increases in pressure.

Ans: Number of moles of solute present in one

19. What is the significance of Henry’s (KH)

Ans: Higher the value of KH lower is the

10. Define molality.

kg of solvent is called molality

20. At a given temperature and pressure nitrogen

gas is more soluble than helium gas. Which

11. Define normality.

Ans: Number of moles of gram equivalent of

Ans: Helium gas

SHARADA Coaching Centre Bagalkot Sanjeev Aragol M.Sc, B.Ed Page 4

positive deviation from Raoult’s law.

Ans: Mixtures of ethanol and acetone

37. Define osmosis.

Ans: The process of movement of solvent

particles from lower concentration to

higher concentration through semi-

phenol and aniline.

29. What are azeotropes?

38. What are isotonic solutions?

Ans: Two different solutions having same