Fracture

RICARDO BAPTISTA
Propane tank truck

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Liberty Ships

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 M. Freitas, V. Infante, R. Baptista, Failure analysis of the nose
landing gear axle of an aircraft, Engineering Failure Analysis

Nose landing gear axle Failure

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 M. Freitas, V. Infante, R. Baptista, Failure analysis of the nose
landing gear axle of an aircraft, Engineering Failure Analysis

Nose landing gear axle Failure

Side LH

Side RH

The aircraft landed with the nose landing

gear instead of the main landing gear
Overload failure due to combined shear
and bending stresses

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Elliptical hole

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Crack

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 Stress Intensity Factor

…K is a measure of the
severity of a crack situation
as affected by crack size,
stress, and geometry. In
defining K , the material is
assumed to behave in a
linear-elastic manner,
according to Hooke’s law, so
that the approach being used
is called linear-elastic
fracture mechanics…

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Fracture Toughness
A given material can resist a crack
without brittle fracture occurring as
long as this K is below a critical value
KIc, called the fracture toughness…

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Crack Behavior

Ductile Brittle

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Fracture Surface

Ductile Brittle

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Trends

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Trends

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Opening Modes

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Crack Behaviour

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Stress Intensity Factor

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Stress Intensity Factor

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Stress Intensity Factor

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Stress Intensity Factor

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Stress Intensity Factor

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Crack From Hole

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Crack From Hole

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Crack From Hole

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Crack From Manufacturing

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Pore

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 In practice
A center-cracked plate has dimensions b = 50
mm, t = 5 mm, and large h; a force of P = 50 kN
is applied.
(a) What is the stress intensity factor K for a
crack length of a = 10 mm?
(b) For a = 30 mm?
(c) What is the critical crack length ac for
fracture if the material is 2014-T651
aluminum?

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 In practice

a)

b)

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 In practice
c)

Assuming F ≠ 1

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In practice

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“leak-before-break”

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In practice
A spherical pressure vessel is made of ASTM A517-F steel and operates
at room temperature. The inner diameter is 1.5 m, the wall thickness is
10 mm, and the maximum pressure is 6 MPa. Is the leak-before-break
condition met? What is the safety factor on K relative to K I c, and what
is the safety factor against yielding?

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Fracture Toughness

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Fracture Toughness

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 Fracture
Toughness

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 Fracture
Toughness

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Fracture Toughness
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Fracture Toughness

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